DOCSLIB.ORG

The Behavioral Economics Guide 2017

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 ISSN 2398-2020 THE BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS GUIDE 2017 Edited by Alain Samson Introduction by behavioraleconomics.com CassEdited Sunstein by The Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 ISSN 2398-2020 Author information: Alain Samson (Editor) Cass Sunstein (Introduction) Liz Barker, Ian Bright, Jorge Dryjanski Lerner, Charlotte Duke, Gerhard Fehr, Mariana Garza Arias, Tim Gohmann, Christian Goy, Jim Guszcza, Crawford Hollingworth, Moritz Jäger, Alexander Joshi, Alain Kamm, Ronald S. Mundy, Timothy Murphy, Ed Nottingham, Nathalie Spencer, Henry Stott (Contributing authors) Cover and logo designs by number168, Maiol Baraut and Alain Samson. Published on www.behavioraleconomics.com by Behavioral Science Solutions Ltd Copyright © by the authors All rights reserved Requests for permission to reproduce materials from this work should be sent to [email protected] or directly to contributing authors. Suggested citation: Samson, A. (Ed.)(2017). The Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 (with an introduction by Cass Sunstein). Retrieved from http://www.behavioraleconomics.com. Suggested citation for individual sections/authors: [Author(s)] (2017). [Chapter/Section Title]. In A. Samson (Ed.), The Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 (with an introduction by Cass Sunstein)(pp. [nn]-[nn]). Retrieved from http://www.behavioraleconomics.com. With Contributions By: With Further Support By: Table of Contents I N T R O D U C T I O N “DON’T TELL ME WHAT I CAN’T DO!”: ON THE INTRINSIC VALUE OF CONTROL (CASS SUNSTEIN)...... V P A R T 1 - E D I T O R I A L BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS: EXPANDING BOUNDARIES (ALAIN SAMSON) ..............................................1 P A R T 2 - A P P L I C A T I O N S BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE IN PRACTICE ...........................................................................................................18 HOW BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IS SHAPING OUR LIVES ............................................................................................... 19 A BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS EXPLANATION OF BRAND LOYALTY AND SWITCHING ........................................................ 27 DAMAGE BY DEFAULT: THE FLAW IN PENSIONS AUTO ENROLLMENT............................................................................ 32 COGNITIVE COLLABORATION: WHAT DATA SCIENCE CAN LEARN FROM PSYCHOLOGY ................................................ 41 THE BEHAVIORAL CHANGE MATRIX: A TOOL FOR EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING .................................................. 47 BANKING ON BEHAVIORAL CHANGE .............................................................................................................................. 54 FIVE REASONS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS CAN NO LONGER IGNORE BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES .................................. 64 NUDGING IN DEVELOPING NATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 66 CHOICE ARCHITECTURE IN RETAIL FINANCE: AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................ 74 P A R T 3 - R E S O U R C E S SELECTED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CONCEPTS .............................................................................................82 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................. 115 POPULAR (BEHAVIORAL) SCIENCE BOOKS .............................................................................................. 133 SCHOLARLY JOURNALS WITH BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS CONTENT .................................................. 142 OTHER RESOURCES .................................................................................................................................... 155 A P P E N D I X AUTHOR PROFILES ..................................................................................................................................... 157 CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS ........................................................................................................... 158 Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 III Acknowledgements The editor would like to thank Connor Joyce and Andreas Haberl for their help with this year’s BE Guide. Special thanks go to Cass Sunstein for writing the introduction to this edition. I am grateful for the support received by The Behavioural Architects, Behavioral Science Lab, Decision Technology, Deloitte, FehrAdvice & Partners, ING, Irrational Company, London Economics, Yale Center for Customer Insights, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the University of Warwick. Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 IV INTRODUCTION “Don’t Tell Me What I Can’t Do!”: On the Intrinsic Value of Control Cass R. Sunstein * The Lockean Exclamation In the late, great television show Lost, one of the central characters, with the telling name of John Locke, exclaimed at crucial moments, “Don’t tell me what I can’t do!”1 Locke liked doing things, but perhaps even more, he disliked being told that he could not do things. At every turn, he insisted on his own capacity for agency. The Lockean Exclamation, as I shall call it, is related to the psychological idea of reactance (Brehm & Brehm, 1981), which refers to people’s tendency to do something precisely because they have been told not to do it. It attests to a general phenomenon of which reactance is an example: Much of the time, control, understood as liberty of action, has intrinsic and not merely instrumental value.2 When people feel that their control is being taken away, they will often rebel, even if exercising control would not result in material benefits or might produce material harms. Tocqueville ([1857] in Elster, 2007) offered a memorable account: What has always kindled such a powerful love of liberty in the hearts of certain men is its intrinsic attractiveness, its inherent charm, independent of its benefits. It is the pleasure of being able to speak, act, and breathe without constraint under the sole government of God and the law. Whoever seeks in liberty anything other than liberty itself is born for servitude. As a matter of political science, Tocqueville may or may not be right. But he is certainly capturing an important aspect of political psychology – an insistence on personal agency, or the value of control, for its own sake, “independent of its benefits.” As he immediately added, what many people “love about” liberty “is not the material goods it gives them. They consider liberty itself a good.” Both psychologists and economists have investigated the intrinsic value of control, but we need to learn much more, not least because of its immense importance to both politics and law. Whenever a private or public institution blocks choices or interferes with agency, or is perceived as doing so, some people will rebel. In extreme cases, violence is possible. Consider the highly publicized * Robert Walmsley University Professor, Harvard University. I am grateful to Tali Sharot for joint work and for many valuable discussions. 1 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAsp4rn9QnM 2 See the intriguing findings in Jung and Mellers (2016) and in particular those involving a subgroup that is especially insistent on retaining control. In a similar vein, see Tannenbaum, Fox and Rogers (2014). Behavioral Economics Guide 2017 V example in 2012. when New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg tried to ban the sale of sodas and other sugary beverages containing more than 16 ounces (see Sunstein, 2014, for a summary). This was a modest initiative, but the effort created a significant backlash, in part because of what appeared to be a loud, collective Lockean Exclamation from New Yorkers. Any form of paternalism – with respect to food, health care, and cigarettes -- risks running into a similar backlash. Of course some nations are quite different from others. The United States is especially prone to such backlashes. But we are one species. In every human heart, you can find the Lockean Exclamation. Because nudges preserve freedom of choice, they do much better than mandates and bans; in diverse nations, they turn out to be approved by strong majorities (Jung & Mellers, 2016; Reisch & Sunstein, 2016). But even when majorities embrace nudging, minorities reject them. To the extent that some nudges create concerns, it is because they too trigger a version of the Lockean Exclamation, at least in some circles. For example, default rules (such as automatic enrollment in pension plans or green energy) allow people to opt out and to go their own way. But some people see them as putting a weight on the scales, and to that extent as diminishing agency and control (Jachimowicz, Duncan, & Weber, 2016).3 More broadly, it is even plausible to think that political movements – not only the movement for sex equality and for same-sex marriage but also for Brexit and Donald Trump – have been animated, in significant part, by the Lockean Exclamation.4 In the United States, the Lockean Exclamation has played a large role in Trump’s presidency, not least in his attitude toward immigration, toward NATO, and toward the Paris agreement involving climate change. The intrinsic value of control matters for business as well as politics and law. To what extent should companies preserve freedom of choice -- and emphasize to consumers and employees that they ultimately have freedom to go their own way? Banks, grocery stores, soft drink companies, cell phone companies, and automobile manufacturers face that question every day; so do employers of every kind. The answer is greatly complicated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Herbert Gintis – Samuel Bowles – Their Distribution Preferences, and That They Robert Boyd – Ernst Fehr (Eds.): Moral Do So Differently in Different Situations
    Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 6 social capital theory, which shows that so- the face of the evolutionary logic in which cial collaboration is built on social networks material advantages can be achieved by that underlie norms of reciprocity and trust- adopting self-interested preferences? worthiness. The development of these pro- social dispositions is in turn enabled in so- Clara Sabbagh cieties that further extra-familial ties and University of Haifa disregard or transcend purely ‘amoral fa- [email protected] milist’ interactions [Banfi eld 1958]. This research project nevertheless References leaves several unresolved problems. First, Banfi eld, Edward C. 1958. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. there is the problem of causality, which de- Camerer, Colin F. 2003. Behavioral Game Theory. rives from a major theoretical dilemma in New York: Russell Sage. the social sciences. To what extent are pro- Deutsch, Morton. 1985. Distributive Justice. New social dispositions the result of structur- Haven: Yale University Press. al constraints, such as market integration, Giddens, Anthony. 1997. Sociology. Cambridge, or rather an active element in structuring UK: Polity Press. these constraints [Giddens 1997]? Joseph Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work. Henrich (Chapter 2) discusses this prob- Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: lem on a theoretical level by explaining the Princeton University Press. different mechanisms through which the Sabbagh, Clara and Deborah Golden. 2007. ‘Jux- structure of interaction affects preferences. taposing Etic and Emic Perspectives: A Refl ec- tion on Three Studies on Distributive Justice.’ Yet only future longitudinal research will Social Justice Research 20: 372–387.
    [Show full text]
  • SEF Working Paper: 11/2012 April 2012
    SEF Working paper: 11/2012 April 2012 Behavioural economics perspectives: Implications for policy and financial literacy Morris Altman The Working Paper series is published by the School of Economics and Finance to provide staff and research students the opportunity to expose their research to a wider audience. The opinions and views expressed in these papers are not necessarily reflective of views held by the school. Comments and feedback from readers would be welcomed by the author(s). Enquiries to: The Administrator School of Economics and Finance Victoria University of Wellington P O Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand Phone: +64 4 463 5353 Email: [email protected] Working Paper 11/2012 ISSN 2230-259X (Print) ISSN 2230-2603 (Online) Behavioural Economics Perspectives: Implications for Policy and Financial Literacy* Morris Altman Professor of Behavioural and Institutional Economics Head, School of Economics & Finance Victoria University of Wellington Editor, Journal of Socio-Economics (Elsevier Science) Email: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/sef/about/staff/morris-altman Amazon page: http://www.amazon.com/Morris-Altman/e/B001H6N3V4 Keywords: Financial literacy, behavioral economics, imperfect information, heuristics, trust, nudging, decision-making environment JEL Codes: A11, B26, B41, D00, D14, D62, D8, H4, K4 *Originally appears as a Research paper prepared for the Task Force on Financial Literacy (Canada): http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/fin/F2-202-2011-eng.pdf 1 Behavioural Economics Perspectives: Implications for Policy and Financial Literacy* Morris Altman Executive Summary This paper summarizes and highlights different approaches to behavioural economics. It includes a discussion of the differences between the “old” behavioural economics school, led by scholars like Herbert Simon, and the “new” behavioural economics, which builds on the work of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky and is best exemplified by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s recent book, Nudge.
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving the Titanic Disaster: Economic, Natural and Social Determinants
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Frey, Bruno S.; Savage, David A.; Torgler, Benno Working Paper Surviving the Titanic Disaster: Economic, Natural and Social Determinants CREMA Working Paper, No. 2009-03 Provided in Cooperation with: CREMA - Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Zürich Suggested Citation: Frey, Bruno S.; Savage, David A.; Torgler, Benno (2009) : Surviving the Titanic Disaster: Economic, Natural and Social Determinants, CREMA Working Paper, No. 2009-03, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), Basel This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/214430 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu CREMA Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts Surviving the Titanic Disaster: Economic, Natural and Social Determinants Bruno S.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Syllabus
    Spring 2017 OIDD 690: Managerial Decision Making Professor Katy Milkman Course Syllabus INSTRUCTOR Professor Katy Milkman CLASS MEETINGS Tuesdays and Thursdays, Jon M. Huntsman Hall Room G50 1:30‐2:50 PM or 3:00‐4:20 PM OFFICE HOURS Email me, and we’ll set up an appointment. OFFICE LOCATION Jon M. Huntsman Hall 566 EMAIL [email protected] PREREQUISITES No advanced mathematical training is required for this course, although having taken an introductory probability/statistics course may be useful. TEACHING ASSISTANTS MBA Students Anupama Suryanarayanan ([email protected]) and Christopher Teng ([email protected]) and Ph.D. Candidate Edward Chang ([email protected]) 1. Overview 1.1 Background Over the last 30 years, psychologists and economists have joined forces to study how people process information and actually make decisions, rather than how they would make decision if they were fully rational and selfish. This research program (dubbed behavioral economics) has provided an understanding of how people’s decisions deviate from “optimal” choices as well as the consequences of such deviations. This course is devoted to understanding the nature, causes and implications of these limitations. The first two thirds of the course will focus on when individuals make decisions that deviate from the predictions of economics, and the final third of the course will focus on implications of these systematic decision biases for managers and policy makers. 1.2 Objectives The course has two main objectives. The first is improving the ability of the student (as a future manager) to influence the behavior of others, be they consumers, employees or people outside of a business relationship altogether.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology Psychology, Department of 2008 The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making Jeffrey R. Stevens University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons Stevens, Jeffrey R., "The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making" (2008). Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology. 523. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/523 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in BETTER THAN CONSCIOUS? DECISION MAKING, THE HUMAN MIND, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INSTITUTIONS, ed. Christoph Engel and Wolf Singer (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008), pp. 285-304. Copyright 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology & the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies. Used by permission. 13 The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making Jeffrey R. Stevens Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany Abstract Evolutionary and psychological approaches to decision making remain largely separate endeavors. Each offers necessary techniques and perspectives which, when integrated, will aid the study of decision making in both humans and nonhuman animals. The evolutionary focus on selection pressures highlights the goals of decisions and the con­ ditions under which different selection processes likely influence decision making. An evolutionary view also suggests that fully rational decision processes do not likely exist in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality∗
    Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality∗ Herbert Gintis Department of Economics University of Massachusetts, Amherst Phone: 413-586-7756 Fax: 413-586-6014 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/˜gintis Running Head: Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality March 11, 2000 Abstract Human groups maintain a high level of sociality despite a low level of relatedness among group members. The behavioral basis of this sociality remains in doubt. This paper reviews the evidence for an empirically identifi- able form of prosocial behavior in humans, which we call ‘strong reciprocity,’ that may in part explain human sociality. A strong reciprocator is predisposed to cooperate with others and punish non-cooperators, even when this behavior cannot be justified in terms of extended kinship or reciprocal altruism. We present a simple model, stylized but plausible, of the evolutionary emergence of strong reciprocity. 1 Introduction Human groups maintain a high level of sociality despite a low level of relatedness among group members. Three types of explanation have been offered for this phe- nomenon: reciprocal altruism (Trivers 1971, Axelrod and Hamilton 1981), cultural group selection (Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman 1981, Boyd and Richerson 1985) and genetically-based altruism (Lumsden and Wilson 1981, Simon 1993, Wilson and Dugatkin 1997). These approaches are of course not incompatible. Reciprocal ∗ I would like to thank Lee Alan Dugatkin, Ernst Fehr, David Sloan Wilson, and the referees of this Journal for helpful comments, Samuel Bowles and Robert Boyd for many extended discussions of these issues, and the MacArthur Foundation for financial support. This paper is dedicated to the memory of W.
    [Show full text]
  • Economics Behavioural
    BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS WTTC HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS WTTC × HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS | BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS WTTC HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS Getting service providers and travellers to choose sustainable options OVERVIEW BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS draws together insights from different disciplines to help explain human decision-making and behaviours. It challenges the assumption of perfect rationality and reveals how many of our decisions are fast, subconscious choices, especially when we are time poor, distracted and multitasking. Knowing this aids us in understanding how a person is likely to behave in a given context. Using behavioural economics can help us design Travel & Tourism products and services that promote the sustainable choice as the most likely choice the consumer or traveller will make. Considering decision-making and behavioural insights can inform promotional and sales materials, pricing strategies, staff training and the design of the experience itself. Behavioural economic approaches employ nudges and behaviour-smart designs to avoid placing a disproportionate burden on the traveller to make sustainability decisions. This could impact positively the overall footprint of the sector. 1 WTTC × HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS | BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS INTRODUCTION RADITIONAL economic thinking assumes decision agents make optimal choices based on full rationality, selfishness, and tastes that remain stable over time1. That would mean that every time we face a choice, we proactively identify all the relevant information available to us, analyse it rigorously, and select the most beneficial of the available options. This model underpins how we believe consumers behave in a given context, such as a traveller choosing among different holiday destinations with varying sustainability options. We assume they make common-sense decisions, based on facts and without emotional influence.
    [Show full text]
  • Satisficing Consequentialism Author(S): Michael Slote and Philip Pettit Source: Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, Vol
    Satisficing Consequentialism Author(s): Michael Slote and Philip Pettit Source: Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 58 (1984), pp. 139-163+165-176 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The Aristotelian Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4106846 Accessed: 15/10/2008 09:26 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=black. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Aristotelian Society and Blackwell Publishing are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow from the Standpoint of Old
    Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow from the Standpoint of Old Behavioural Economics (For the 2012 HETSA Conference) Peter E. Earl School of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, email: [email protected] Abstract Daniel Kahneman’s bestseller Thinking, Fast and Slow presents an account of his life’s work on judgment and decision-making (much of it conducted with Amos Tversky) that has been instrumental in the rise of what Sent (2004) calls ‘new behavioural economics’. This paper examines the relationship between Kahneman’s work and some key contributions within the ‘old behavioural’ literature that Kahneman fails to discuss. It show how closely aligned he is to economic orthodoxy, examining his selective use of Herbert Simon’s work in relation to his ‘two systems’ view of decision making and showing how Shackle’s model of choice under uncertainty provided an alternative way of dealing with some of the issues that Kahneman and Tversky sought to address, three decades after Shackle worked out his model, via their Prospect Theory. Aside from not including ‘loss aversion’, it was Shackle’s model that was the more original and philosophically well-founded. Keywords: Prospect Theory, satisficing, bounded rationality, choice under uncertainty JEL Classification Codes: B31, D03, D81 1. Introduction In his highly successful 2011 book Thinking, Fast and Slow Daniel Kahneman offers an excellent account of his career-long research on judgment and decision- making, much of it conducted with the late Amos Tversky. Kahneman was awarded the 2002 Bank of Sweden PriZe in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Walrasian Economics in Retrospect
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Bowles, Samuel; Gintis, Herbert Working Paper Walrasian Economics in Retrospect Working Paper, No. 2000-04 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Suggested Citation: Bowles, Samuel; Gintis, Herbert (2000) : Walrasian Economics in Retrospect, Working Paper, No. 2000-04, University of Massachusetts, Department of Economics, Amherst, MA This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/105719 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu WALRASIAN ECONOMICS IN RETROSPECT∗ Department of Economics University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003 Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis February 4, 2000 Abstract Two basic tenets of the Walrasian model, behavior based on self-interested exogenous preferences and complete and costless contracting have recently come under critical scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • SCBS Brochure.Cdr
    RASHTRIYA RAKSHA UNIVERSITY An Institution of National Importance Pioneering National Security and Police University of India SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES Multidisciplinary studies in Criminal Behaviour www.rru.ac.in MESSAGE FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR Professor (Dr.) Bimal N. Patel Vice-Chancellor, Rashtriya Raksha University Member, National Security Advisory Board, India To emerge as an inter-disciplinary professional in the field of Criminology and Behavioural Sciences I am pleased to inform that the Rashtriya Raksha University, India’s pioneering security and police university, has announced its degree admission programmes for the academic year 2021-22. The University is gained the status of the Institute of National Importance and Central University, through THE RASHTRIYA RAKSHA UNIVERSITY ACT, 2020 Bill introduced in the Parliament of India. School of Criminology & Behavioural Sciences has announced their admission for masters, post graduate and doctoral programs. I can assure you that teaching, research, extension and training components of their academic programs will prepare you to take up an exciting professional career in any area of Criminology, Behavioural science and security. The University will offer scholarships to students on need-cum-merit basis to promote National and International student exchange, field and industrial trips, research program and also will involve students in consultancy and training programs. The campus is spread in 230 acres of land, in a serene and peaceful environment, with State of Art infrastructure equipped with all amenities that would facilitate start-up incubation and innovation avenues, for overall growth and development. School of Criminology and Behavioural Sciences (SCBS) is offering academic and research programs and encourages students from all parts of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Text In
    European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences EpSBS www.europeanproceedings.com e-ISSN: 2357-1330 DOI: 10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.296 ISCKMC 2020 International Scientific Congress «KNOWLEDGE, MAN AND CIVILIZATION» DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF POPULATION OF MONGOLIAN-SPEAKING REGIONS OF RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC Ekaterina Sergeevna Kovanova (a)*, Nogan Vyacheslavovona Badmaeva (b), Irina Vladimirovna Imideeva (с) *Corresponding author (a) Kalmyk state University named after B. B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkin St., Elista, Russia, [email protected], (b) Kalmyk scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Ilishkina St., Elista, Russia, [email protected], (c) University of Finance and Economics of Mongolia, 12, Peace Avenue, Ulaanbaatar, 13381, Mongolia, Post Office-49, [email protected] Abstract The article examines current trends in the demographic development of two regions of Russia, in which representatives of Mongolian people live – the Republic of Kalmykia and the Republic of Buryatia. The republics preserve deep spiritual connection and have one religion even though they are geographically distant from each other. The authors of the article are interested in studying the influence of the traditional values of Mongolian people on the demographic development of Russian regions where they live. The article examines the features of the demographic development of Mongolia, compares the indicators with the all-Russian and demographic indicators of the studied regions. The studied republics have difficult socio-economic
    [Show full text]