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C 2013 EAFIT University. All Rights Reserved . c 2013 EAFIT University. All rights reserved. 1 Geometry and Topology Extraction and Visualization from Scalar and Vector Fields John Congote EAFIT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN ENGINEERING MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA 2013 3 DOCTORAL PUBLICATION COPENDIUM ON Geometry and Topology Extraction and Visualization from Scalar and Vector Fields DOCTORAL STUDENT John Congote ADVISOR Prof. Dr. Eng. Oscar Ruiz CO-ADVISOR Dr. Eng. Jorge Posada DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering in the College of Engineering of the EAFIT University EAFIT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN ENGINEERING MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA JUNE 2013 5 Major Field of Study Computer Graphics Dissertation GEOMETRY AND TOPOLOGY EXTRACTION AND The College of Engineering of VISUALIZATION FROM SCALAR AND VECTOR FIELDS EAFIT University Dissertation Committee Chairperson announces the Prof. Dr. Ing. Oscar Ruiz. Universidad EAFIT, Colombia final examination of Directors of Dissertation Research John Edgar Congote Calle Prof. Dr. Ing. Oscar Ruiz. Universidad EAFIT, Colombia Dr. Ing. Jorge León Posada. VICOMTECH Institute, Spain for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Examining Committee Prof. Dr. Ing. Diego A. Acosta Universidad EAFIT, Colombia Friday, June 07, 2013 Dr. Ing. Aitor Moreno at 10:00 am VICOMTECH Institute, Spain Room 27 – 103 Prof. Dr. Ing. Juan G. Lalinde Medellin Campus Universidad EAFIT, Colombia President of the Board of the Doctoral Program in Engineering Dean Alberto Rodriguez Garcia COLOMBIA This examination is open to the public ABSTRACT This doctoral work contributes in several major aspects: (1) Doctoral Supervisor Prof. Dr. Eng. Oscar E. Ruiz Extraction of geometrical and topological information of 1- and Professor Oscar Ruiz (Tunja, Colombia 1961) obtained 2-manifolds present in static and video imaging. This endeavor Diploma degrees in Mechanical Engineering (1983) and includes several variants of Marching Cubes algorithm, Computer Science (1987) at Los Andes University, Bogotá, including enhanced precision iso-surfaces for non-negative Colombia, a M.Sc. degree with emphasis in CAM (1991) and a scalar fields. (2) Hybrid visualization of scalar and vector Ph.D. with emphasis in CAD (1995) from University of Illinois fields, along with simplex geometry and topology, underlying in at Urbana- Champaign, USA. Prof. Ruiz has been Visiting medical, geo-sciences and entertainment data. (3) Optimization Researcher at Ford Motor Co. (USA. 1993, 1995), Fraunhofer of parallel visualization algorithms and usage of texture - Institute for Computer Graphics (Germany 1999, 2001), optimized hardware as a means of efficient scientific University of Vigo (Spain 1999, 2002), Max Planck Institute for computation and visualization. (4) Definition of WEB ISO- Informatik (Germany 2004) and Purdue University (USA 2009). standards for interactive homogeneous visualization of In 1996 Prof. Ruiz was appointed as Faculty of the Mechanical simplex, scalar and vector field data in mobile devices (smart Eng. and Computer Science Depts. and as Coordinator of the cell phones, pads, tablets, etc.). (5) A novel technique for CAD CAM CAE Laboratory at EAFIT University, Medellin, volume rendering in low-level mobile devices, along with Colombia. He has supervised several Ph.D. pupils and has practical, feasible solutions for overcoming current coauthored a significant number of scientific publications. His architecture limitations. This doctoral work has been academic interests are Computer Aided Geometric Design, thoroughly screened by the international academic community Geometric Reasoning and Applied Computational Geometry. in the scenario of a vigorous publication activity of the doctoral team, scrutinized by world top experts in the relevant fields. Doctoral Co-supervisor Dr. Eng. Jorge Leon Posada Dr. Jorge Posada is Associate Director at Vicomtech (Visual Interaction and Communication Technologies Centre) since 2001. He earned a Ph.D. in Computer Science & Engineering from the Technische Universitaet Darmstadt (Germany), an VITAE Executive MBA from IE Business School (Spain), and a degree in Mechanical Engineering (honors) from EAFIT University Doctoral Student M.Sc. Eng. John Edgar Congote Calle (Colombia). After working for 4 years as full-time researcher at John Edgar Congote Calle (Medellín, Colombia, 1982) obtained the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics (Germany), he the Diploma in Computer Science (2007) and the Magister in joined in 2001 the R&D centre Vicomtech (Spain) as Associate Science of Engineering (2009) at EAFIT University. He has Director. His research interests are in computer graphics, been Research Assistant of the CAD/CAM/CAE Laboratory engineering and multimedia technologies applied to the EAFIT since 2007, under supervision of Prof. Oscar Ruiz. industry. He has co-authored more than 50 publications and Since. John Congote has been research intern in the Institute has been co-director of several Ph.D. Thesis. He is member of Vicomtech, Spain, under co-supervision of Dr. Ing. Jorge the Editorial Board of the Journal Multimedia Tools and Posada. His research interests are application of Applications (Springer). He is also active in scientific Computational Geometry in Medical, Entertainment and conferences such as ACM Web3D 2013 (General Chair), ACM Environmental applications, and the specification of cutting Web3D 2012 (General Co-Chair) and Knowledge Engineering edge Web standards for interactive graphics in mobile devices. Systems KES 2012 (General Co-Chair). dedi´ ee´ a` Isabelle Robin i Abstract This doctoral work contributes in several major aspects: (1) Extraction of geometrical and topological information of 1- and 2-manifolds present in static and video imaging. This endeavor includes several variants of Marching Cubes algorithms, including enhanced precision iso-surfaces for non-negative scalar fields. (2) Hybrid visualization of scalar and vector fields, along with sim- plex geometry and topology, underlying in medical, geo-sciences and entertainment data. (3) Optimization of parallel visualization algorithms and usage of texture - optimized hardware as a means of efficient scientific computation and visualization. (4) Definition of WEB ISO-standards for interactive homogeneous visualization of simplex, scalar and vector field data in mobile devices (smart cell phones, pads, tablets, etc.). (5) A novel technique for volume rendering in low-level mobile devices, along with practical, feasible solutions for overcoming current architecture limita- tions. This doctoral work has been thoroughly screened by the international academic community in the scenario of a vigorous publication activity of the doctoral team, scrutinized by world top experts in the relevant fields. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to everybody involved to any extend in this thesis and in my life. As, my memory serves me not good enough to remember all the people who participated in this process, I apologize in advance to the ones I forget. I would like to thank my advisor Prof. Dr. Oscar Ruiz and my co-advisor Dr. Jorge Posada for their help in this endeavor; without them this thesis would be certainly impossible. I would like to thank also their teams at EAFIT University and Vicomtech-IK4 Research Cen- tre, both of them offered great help during my research and in part this document is the result of their trust and companionship during the toughest moments. I want dedicate this work to my family; their support and love is certainly unique. To my friends who give me the courage to carry on and last but not less important, I dedicate this work to GOD who gives me the life necessary allowing also these things to happen. v Contents Abstract iii Acknowledgements v Introduction xi Publications xiii Part 1. Surface Reconstruction 1 Chapter 1. Tuning of Adaptive Weight Depth Map Generation Algorithms 3 Context 3 Abstract 5 1. Introduction 5 2. Literature Review 5 3. Methodology 6 4. Results and Discussion 9 5. Conclusions and Future Work 13 Chapter 2. Face Reconstruction with Structured Light 15 Context 15 Abstract 17 1. Introduction 17 2. Related work 18 3. Methodology 19 4. Setup configuration 23 5. Results 24 6. Conclusions and future work 24 Chapter 3. Real-Time depth map generation architecture for 3D videoconferencing 27 Context 27 Abstract 29 1. Introduction 29 2. Related Work 29 3. Methodology 30 4. Results 34 5. Conclusions and Future Work 36 Chapter 4. Evaluation of interest point detectors for image information extraction 39 Context 39 vii Abstract 41 1. Introduction 41 2. Methods 41 3. Evaluation 43 4. Conclusions 46 Part 2. Indirect Volume Rendering 49 Chapter 5. Extending Marching Cubes with Adaptative Methods to obtain more accurate iso-surfaces 51 Context 51 Abstract 53 1. Introduction 53 2. Related Work 54 3. Methodology 55 4. Results 57 5. Conclusions and Future Work 58 Chapter 6. Marching Cubes in a unsigned distance field for Surface Reconstruction from Unorganized Point Sets 61 Context 61 Abstract 63 1. Introduction 63 2. Related Work 64 3. Metodology 65 4. Results 67 5. Conclusions and Future Work 68 Part 3. Direct Volume Rendering 69 Chapter 7. Interactive visualization of volumetric data with WebGL in real-time 71 Context 71 Abstract 73 1. Introduction 73 2. Related Work 74 3. Methodology 76 4. Results 80 5. Contribution and Complexity Analysis 85 6. Conclusions and future work 86 Chapter 8. Volume Visual Attention
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