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A Amezcua Contreras, Luis, 79 Abasolo, 247 amphetamines, 169 Abasolo, Mariano, 30 Andes Mountains, 59 ABC News, 221 Anexo de Vida drug rehab clinic, 165 Las Abejas, 49 Angulo Córdova, Angel Benito, 166, 181 Aburto Martínez, Mario, 74 Angulo Córdova, Melquisedet, 166–167 , 100, 149, 246–247 Angulo Córdova, Miraldelly, 166, 181 Acosta, Roberto, 147 Angulo Córdova, Yolidabey, 166, 181 Acosta , Jesús Armando, 204 Angulo Flores, Josefa, 166 Acosta Hernández, José Antonio, 217 Anslinger, Harry J., 55, 56–57 Acosta Montero, Jesus Aaron, 160 Antillon Jimenez, Hilda, 188 Adrade, Luis, 11–12 Apaseo el Alto, 152 Aguayo Quezada, Sergio, 122 Apatzingán, 105, 170, 245–246 Aguilar, Gerónimo de, 20 Apodaca, Jimmy, 117 Agustín I, Emperor of , 36–37 Aquino, Jose Luis, 111 Ahern, Jayson, 117 AR-15 rifl es, 119, 256 airports, 214 Arellano Félix, Alicia, 68 Aispuro Beltrán, Eduardo, 66 Arellano Félix, Benjamin, 68, 70, 78–79 AK-47s, 118–119, 256 Arellano Félix, Carlos, 68 Aldama, Juan, 30 Arellano Félix, Eduardo, 68, 126 Alejandro Sanchez, Estanislao, 150 Arellano Félix, Enedina, 68, 126 Allen, Dan, 239 Arellano Félix, Francisco Javier, 68 Allen, Lisa, 244 Arellano Félix, Francisco Rafael, 68, 70 Allende, Ignacio,COPYRIGHTED 28, 30 Arellano MATERIAL Félix, Luis Fernando, 68 Allsafe Security, 190 Arellano Félix, Ramón, 68, 69, 75, 76, 78 Almanza Morales, Octavio, 151 Arellano Félix brothers, 65, 68, 76, Altriste Espinoza, Jorge, 108 109, 184 Álvarez Machaín, Humberto, 63 Argentina, 45 Alvarez Olmos, Carlos, 105 Arguelles Beltran, Lilian, 164 Álvarez Vázquez, José Gerardo, 198 , 238–239, 241–244, 247–249 American Express Bank, 245 Arjon, Claudio, 205 Amezcua Contreras, Adán, 79 Armendariz Diaz, Sergio, 11–12 Amezcua Contreras, José de Jesús, 79 Army. See

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Arpaio, Joe, 243–244 mineshaft body dump, 195, 197; Arroyo, Arturo Ivan, 212 naming of, 256–257; protection Artistic Assassins, 189 , 197; siege, 149–150; split of, Ascensión, 125 209; U.S. sanctions against, 120 Aslam, Tariq Mohammed, 178 Beltrán Leyva, Alfredo, 80, 113, 182 Astorga, Luis, 79 Beltrán Leyva, (Marcos) Arturo, 80, ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, 114, 115, 166, 182, 197, 198 Firearms and Explosives), 146, 231 Beltrán Leyva, Carlos, 80, 182 Atlanta, 236 Beltrán Leyva, Héctor, 209–210 Austin, Stephen F., 39 Benchmark Research & Technology, 10 Auto Lavadas Colima, 228 Bendele, Tom, 220 Avilés Pérez, Pedro, 61–62, 63 Benítez Manaut, Raúl, 144 Azcapotzalco, 18–19 Benitez Velez, Pedro Luis, 233 Los Aztecas, 8 Benito Juárez, 152 Aztecs, 18–24, 133 Bill SB 1070, 191 Azuelo, David, 238–239 Blackmore Smer, Enrique, 203 Azueta, Manuel, 52 Blanco Lapola, Marlene, 129 Blancornelas, Jesús, 74, 76 B , 251 Babeu, Paul, 242–243, 249–250 Bloomberg World News, 244 Baca, Moses, 56 bodies, disposal of, 133, 195, 197, Baeza Terrazas, José Reyes, 139, 202 210–211, 228 Báez Gallegos, Alejandro Ramírez, 114 Boggs Act, 57 Bagglieto Meraz, Miguel Angel, 160 Bolívar, Simón, 38 Bagley, Bruce, 109 Bollingmo, Kris, 239 Baig, Lee, 93, 95 Bours Castelo, Eduardo, 152 Ballesteros, Raymundo, 83 Bowden, Charles, 6 Bank of America, 245 Bracamontes, Alicia, 126 banks, 244–245 Bracamontes, Samuel, 126 Bank Secrecy Act, 244 Bravo, Nicolás, 37, 38, 40 Barcelo Maya Beach Resort, 88–91, Bravo Mota, Daniel, 196 95, 98 Brazil, 45 Barradas Miravete, Gregorio, 231 Brewer, Jan, 191, 247–248, 249 Barrera Lozano, Jorge, 143 bribery, 75 Barrientos Vidales, Carlos, 11–12 British Columbia, 172–173 Bautista Ramirez, Mario, 148 Brown, Jerry, 224 BBC, 168 Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, BC Bud, 172–173, 176 243 Bellio, Sandro, 101–102 Burton, Fred, 237 Beltrán Leyva Cartel: alliances, 84, Bush, George W., 120 115–116, 185, 187; arrests, 135; camp, Bustamante, Vincent, 145–146 193–194; Chicago distribution, 161; distribution negotiations, 143; C establishment of, 80; expansion of, Cabo San Lucas, 175 82; law enforcement bribes, 127; Cacho Ribeiro, Lydia, 86–87

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Calabro, Marco, 100–101 Castro Galeana, Juan Carlos, 124 Calderón, Felipe, 50, 103–104, 106–107, Castro Garcia, Elizabeth, 10 108, 112, 123, 128, 131, 139, 141, 160, Castro Valles, Roberto Alejandro, 15 162, 191, 200, 201, 207, 211, 228, 234 Cedeño Hernández, Rafael, 144 Caldwell, Samuel L., 56 Celestino Negrete, Pedro, 37 , 60, 80 Cempoala, 16, 20 , 223–224 cenote, 194–195 Calleja del Rey, Félix María, 30 Centro de Ejecución de Sanciones Calles, Plutarco Elías, 47 (), 217–218 Call of Juarez: the Cartel (videogame), Centro de Ejecución de Sanciones de 251 Santa Adelaida, 192 Camarena, Enrique, 62–64 Century International, 118–119 Campbell, Larry, 172–173 Cerballos Chavez, Jose Gaspar, 13–14 Campeche, 52–53 Cercoa, 9 Canada: bailout, 52; cigarette tax, 252– Cerniceros Garcia, Romel, 11–12 253; crime rates, 169; gangs, 174–175; Cervantes Aguirre, Enrique, 77 indigenous peoples, 25; marijuana, Chabat, Jorge, 137, 213 54, 55, 57–58, 172–173; Mexican Chandler, Arizona, 248 refugees, 176–179; possession laws, Channel 44, 199 163; reaction to Ianiero , Chaparro Morales, Alejandro, 139 92–93 Charles I, King of Spain, 23 Canadian Press wire service, 92 Chávez, Susana, 6–8 Cancún, 214 Chavez Cano, Esther, 16 Capra, James, 240 Chávez Chávez, Arturo, 206 car bombs, 204–206 Chavira Farel, Anna, 8–9 Cardenas Guillén, (Antonio) Ezequiel, Chesney, Robert, 222 82, 83, 124, 229 Chiapas, 24, 52 Cárdenas Guillén, Osiel, 80–82, Chicago, 160–161 106–107 , 139, 146, 199 Carlota, Empress of Mexico, 41, 42 child pornography, 86–87 Carnival Splendour, 230 child recruits, 232–234 Caro Quintero, Miguel Angel, 65, 140 Chile, 45 Caro Quintero, Rafael, 63 Chilpancingo, 129 Carranza, Venustiano, 45, 47 China, 53 Carrillo, Carlos, 139 Los Choferes, 13 Carrillo Castellanos, Octavio Manuel, Cholula, 21–22 139 Christian Science Monitor, 206 Carrillo Fuentes, Amado, 65, 77 Chu, Jim, 174 Carrillo Fuentes, Vicente, 143 cigarette tax, 252–253 Carrillo Leyva, Vicente, 143 Cinco de Mayo, 41 Cartel Pacifi ca Sur, 209–210, 232–233 CiudadanoReynoso100, 186 cartels. See drug cartels; individual Ciudad del Carmen, 192–193 cartels Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico City), 24 Casteneda, Elliott, 175 Ciudad Madero, 199–200 caste system, 25 civilian deaths, 122–123

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Clark Alfaro, Victor, 148 D Clinton, Bill, 52 Dallas, , 240 Clinton, Hillary, 141, 188, 216 Dallas Morning News, 16 Club Mirage, 193 Daniel Act, 57 Coca-Cola, 59 Dante Quiroz, Aurelio Balleza, 203 , 58, 59–62, 64–67 Day, Stockwell, 94 , 79, 116, 170 DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency): Collins Podlesnik, Joanne, 9 arrests, 78, 140, 188; Beltrán Leyva , 60, 61, 64–65, 213 prison break plot, 182; Camarena Colonia LeBaron, 153–154, 155 investigation, 62–64; on cocaine, 58; Colosio Murrieta, Luis Donaldo, cocaine interceptions, 60; cocaine 73–74 routes, 64–65; Flores Crew, 161–162; Colour & Culture Trading Corporation, informant, 81–82; 178 information sharing, 183–184; on La Columbus, , 45–46, 54, 251 Familia, 105; mafi a investigaton, 124; Comorra, 240 on Cartel, 80; surnames, 255; Compean, Jose Alonso, 202 on Ye Gon, 108 Constitución Federal de los Estados Deare, Craig, 240 Unidos Mexicanos de 1824, 37–38 deaths, annual, 129–130, Contreras Jurado, Juan, 11–12 167, 245 Contreras Machado, Juan Manuel, 117 Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad Cordova, David, 230 de la América Mexicana, 31–32 Córdova Palma, Irma, 166, 181 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 230 Cornejo Valenzuela, Ernesto, 152 Deets, Dwayne, 220 Corona Sapien, Norma, 66 de Ibarra Santés, Ernesto, 76 Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio, 207 de Iturbide, Agustín, 33–36 Coronel Villarreal , 207 Delgado Fajardo, Blas, 97–99 Cortés, Hérnan, 19–24, 88 Los Demonios del Edén (Cacho Ribeiro), Cortés, Martin, 24–25 86–87 Costilla Sánchez, Jorge Eduardo, 82, de Narváez, Pánfi lo, 22 124, 229 Denver, Colorado, 230 Cota Monroy, Martin Alejandro, De Prisco, Adam, 100–102 248–249 Derbez Bautista, Luis Ernesto, 94 crack cocaine, 59–60 Las Desaparecidos, 14 crack , 169 Diaz, Porfi rio, 42, 43 Cruz Osorio, Yezel Heidi, 120 Diaz Ramos, Dimas, 160 Cuauhtémoc, 24 Dimitriadis Juárez, Morelos Andres, Cuautitlán, 125 125–126 Cuernavaca Mariano Matamoros USS Dolphin, 44 Airport, 232 Domínguez, Miguel, 37 Cuidad Mier, 215–216 Domínguez Coello, Alejandro, 83 Culiacán, 182 Doña Marina, 20, 21 Culiacán police force, 66–67 Doughton Robert L., 55 Curry, Chris, 170 Douglas, Arizona, 189–190 Cuthbertson, David, 188–189 Drake, Richard, 219

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drug cartels: comparison to religious Escobedo Salazar, Mario, 15 groups, 223; crack down on, 2–3; Los Escorpiones, 187, 229 development of, 64–67; eff ect of Espinoza, Eddie, 251 California marijuana laws, 224–225; Espinoza Barrón, Alberto, 132 eff ect of government action, 253; Europe, 240 spread to Canada, 176–179; U.S. Evans, David, 93 export center, 240; violence in U.S., Everall, Cheryl, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99 170–172, 235–237; warring factions, Expreso Matamoros, 229 79–84, 209. See also individual cartels Extravaganza nightclub, 100–102 drug rehab centers, 163–164, 165, 199, EZLN (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación 203–204, 226, 228 Nacional), 49 Drug . See Duarte, Moses, 240 F Duarte Mujica, Alfonso, 225 Facecchia, Dora, 89 Du Pont Chemicals, 55 Facecchia, Marco, 88 Facecchia, Robert, 89 E status, 167–168 Echavarri Aldai, José Antonio, 37 Fajardo Torres, Aurora, 99 Ecuadorean illegal immigrant, 210 Falcon International Reservoir, Edmonson, Norman, 58 218–223 Edwards, Joycelyn, 224 La Familia Michoacáno: alliances, Ejército de las Tres Garantías, 35 187; ambush, 156; arrests, 155; El Aviane rehab clinic, 164 attack denial, 123, 132; decline of, El , 188–189 246; naming of, 257; split from El Camino a la Recuperación, 226 Gulf Cartel, 104–106, 126; in U.S., El centro regional de readaptación 171–172; use of religion, 144 social de Cieneguillas, 147–148 families, 234 El Chapo. See Guzmán Loera, Joaquín Fat Mike, 160–161 El Diario, 5, 12 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), El Gio, 249 63, 81–82, 118 El Heraldo de León, 122 Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 55 Elizalde Valencia, Valentin, 83–84, 128 Federales: Acapulco siege, 149–150; Elizondo Guerra, Olga Juliana, 219 ambush, 201; Apatzingán gunfi ght, El Paso, Texas, 1, 54, 139, 188, 245–246; arrests, 63, 113, 143, 236, 237 192–193, 218; attack on, 82–83; El Shaka, 203 Beltrán Leyva Cartel camp, 193–194; Los Embajadores del Norte, 79 Border Patrol attack, 202; corruption, Enriquez, Leslie Ann, 187–188 127–128; crime scene investigation, Escajeda Escajeda, Jose Rodolfo, 164 90; deaths of, 114, 120–121, 146; Escalante Jasso, Aracely, 193 escape attempt, 155; imposters, 70, Escobar, Pablo, 60–61, 64 147–148; investigation of, 75; mayor Escobar Luna, Ricardo, 107 arrests, 148; raids, 117; in , Escobar Luna, Víctor Magno, 107 106; Valdez Villarreal capture, 212 Escobedo, Juan, 177–178 Felipe Carrillo Puerto middle school, Escobedo Anaya, Mario, 15 137

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Félix Gallardo, Miguel Ángel, 61–63, García Ábrego, Juan, 65, 80 64–67 Garcia Dimas, Édgar, 145 Felix Soto, Victor Manuel, 146–147 Garcia Leal, Rosario, 11 Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 26, 34, García Medina, Amalia, 148 35–36 García Mexta, Juan José, 136 Fernandez Gonzalez, Citlali, 148 García Pimentel, Gerardo Israel, Fernández Valencia, Manuel, 230 111–112 Fierro, Erika, 11–12 García Simental, José Manuel, 184 fi nancial institutions, 244–245 García Simental, Teodoro, 107, 126, 133, Fine, Glenn A., 231 142, 183, 246 fi rearms. See weapons García Simental gang, 183–184 Fleming, Molly, 9 Garcia Uribe, Javier, 14–15 Flores, Guillermo, 161 Garcia Vargas, Jorge, 76 Flores, Margarito, 161 Garza, Lázaro de la, 40 Flores, Pedro, 161 Garza, Tony, 113–114 Flores Crew, 161–162 Garza García, Antonio, 218 Flores Villegas, Rolando Armando, 223 Garza Montoto, Enrique de la, 203 Fogarty, Pat, 174, 176, 179 Garza Sacramento, José Julián, 216 Fonseca Carrillo, Ernesto, 63 theft , 201 Forbes magazine, 146, 195, 248 Gasperín Bulbarela, Amanda, 231 Fox News, 222 GDP, 51 Fox Queseda, Vicente, 49–50, 78, 83, 84, Georgia, 210 95–96, 103, 224 Giff ords, Gabrielle, 190 Francisco N., 155 Ginez Becerril, Aarón Arturo, 212 Frankie O’s, 68 Glenn, Wendy, 189 Freeman, Gary, 223 Globe & Mail, 95 Freemasons, 38 Goddard, Terry, 247 Friedman, George, 167–168 Godoy Rangel, Leonel, 123, 148, 168 Fuentes Esperón, José Francisco, 164 Godoy Toscano, Julio César, 156 Fuentes Martínez, David Eduardo, 200 Gómez, Salvador, 80 Fuerza Para Vivir, 203–204 Gómez Garcia, Sergio, 80 Gomez Martinez, Servando, 156 G Gómez Mont, Fernando, 238 GAFE (Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Gómez Palacio, 204 Especiales), 81 Gómez Sánchez, Paulo Sergio, 110–111 Gajardo Anzaldua, Juan, 111–112 Gómez Vega, Sergio, 110–111 Galán, Luis Carlos, 60 Gonzales, Kenneth J., 251–252 Galeana, 152–153 Gonzáles Rascón, Arturo, 12 Gallegos Torres, Jose Alfredo, 147 Gonzalez, Ana Berta, 110 Galloway, Cameron Scott, 118 Gonzalez, Nancy, 12–13 Galván Galván, Guillermo, 131 González, Pablo, 46 Gámez Garcia, Jerónimo, 135 González Bravo, Virginia Juana, 114 Gámez Orpineda, Carlos, 182 González Canto, Félix, 194 gang wars, 174–175 González del Ángel, Salvador, 193 Garay Cadena, Victor Gerardo, 127 González Durán, Jaime, 128

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Gonzalez Esparza, Joel, 160 Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús, 76–77 Gonzalez Lastra, Rafael, 164 Gutiérrez Vargas, Ricardo, 127 González Martínez, Héctor, 146 Guzmán Decena, Arturo, 81, 82 Gonzalez Meza, Gustavo, 14–15 Guzmán Loera, Joaquín, 65, 70, 79–80, González Parás, José Natividad, 136 82, 105, 113, 115, 146, 207, 208, 214, González Rodríguez, Arturo, 131 225, 230–231 González Rodríguez, Patricia, Guzmán Lopez, Edgar, 115 154–155 Gordon, Robert, 179 H Gramsci, Antonio, 48–49 Harper, Stephen, 94 Gratteri, Nicola, 124 Hartley, David, 221–223 Grayson, George, 172, 250–251 Hartley, Nikki, 223 Green Party, 103 Hartley, Tiff any, 221–223 Greenspan, Edward, 96, 97, 98, 102 Hawley, Chris, 191 , 120 Hayden, Michael, 238 Grito de Dolores, 27 Hearst, William Randolph, 55 Cartel, 65, 66, 116 Hedgecock, Roger, 243 Guajardo, Jesús, 46 , 173–175 Guajardo Romero, Carlos Alberto, 229 hemp, 53, 55 Guanaceví, 146 Hernandez, Carlos, 165 Guanajuato, 28 Hernandez, Henry, 240 Guardado Márquez, Jesus, 13–14 Hernandez, Maria, 165 Guardia García, Rodolfo de la, 127 Hernández Esperanza, Melquiades, 226 , 129, 143 Hernández Espinoza, Jorge, 247 Guermes Aguirre, Fernando, 11–12 Hernandez Huereka, Sergio Adrian, 202 Guerrero, 52 Hernandez Molina, Carlos, 11–12 Guerrero, Gonzalo, 20 Hernandez Robles, Hugo, 182 Guerrero, Vicente, 33, 34–35, 37, 38 Hernando Fernandez, Bernardo, 13–14 Guerrero Carrixales, Marco Antonio, Herrera Barraza, Jesús Manuel, 78 222 Hidalgo, Juan Carlos, 162, 163 Guerrero García, Diego Raymundo, 183 Hidalgo, Miguel, 26–31 Guerrero Reynoso, Vicente, 122 Hodoyán Palacios, Alejandro, 69 Guevara Már, Edmundo, 226 Hogaz, Oswaldo, 234 Guillén Vicente, Rafael Sebastián, 48 Holder, Eric, 171–172 Guizar Pavón, Francisco, 201 Holguin Rascon, Juan, 147 Gulf Cartel: aff ront to, 80; alliances, Holmes, Cameron, 245 84, 105, 115–116, 124, 187; deaths home invasions, 238–239 in U.S., 170–171; distribution Hoover, Alabama, 170 negotiations, 143; establishment Hoover, Herbert, 44, 55 of, 65; in Guatemala, 129; gunfi ght, Houston, Sam, 39 247; law enforcement bribes, 134; Houston, Texas, 128 power consolidation, 81–82; prison Houston Chronicle, 128 escape, 218; shootout in Matamoros, HSBC, 245 229; split with , 184–187; Huerta, Adolfo de la, 47 warnings, 125–126 Huerta, Victoriano, 43–45, 52

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Huerta Ríos, Héctor, 142–143 Juárez, 1–16, 136, 138–139, 147, 163, 165, Human Rights Commission (Mexico), 204, 217, 236, 247 12 Juárez, Benito, 40–42 Juárez Aguayo, Lorenzo, 117 I Juárez Cartel: alliances, 80, 84, 187, Ianiero, Annuziatta, 88–100 188; assassins, 165; car bomb, Ianiero, Anthony, 98 205–206; decline of, 77; enforcers, 16; Ianiero, Domenico, 88–100 establishment of, 65; factions, 206; Ianiero, Liliana, 88 police assassinations, 116; in Tijuana, Ianiero, Roseanne, 95 226–227 Ibarra Alfaro, Priscilla, 152 Juarez Rosales, Jose, 11–12 ICE (Immigration and Customs Jurado Zarzoza, Juan Manuel, 150 Enforcement), 250, 251 illegal border crossings, 71 K illegal immigrants: economy and, Kaawach, Ahmet, 175 1–2, 51–52; , 210–211; in Kalashnikov, Mikhail, 118 Pinal County, 241–242, 249–250; Kartchner, Lynn, 190 sheltering, 191; speaking out against, Kelowna, British Columbia, 178 189–190; use of term, 257 Kendall, Gordon Douglas, immigrants, legal, 236 174–175, 179 Incas, 59 Kenney, Jason, 177 Industrial Minera México, 195 Club, 4–5 Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Kerlikowske, Gil, 163, 224 Superiores de , 191–192 kidnapping, 152–154, 237 Isbell, Harris, 56 Killorin, Jack, 236 Iturrigaray, Jose de, 26 Kim, Kimberly, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99 Ivan, Jeff rey Ronald, 174–175, 179 K-Paz de la Sierra, 110 Ixtlahuacán del Río, 141 Krentz, Phil, 189 Krentz, Robert, 189–190 J Jácome Gamboa, Ángel, 141 L Jácome Gamboa, Bartolo, 142 La Barge, Armand, 96 Jaime R, 245 Labastida Calderón, Igor, 120 Jamaican Posse, 251 Labastida Ochoa, Francisco, 66, 78 Jassiel Ramirez, Benni, 160 La Familia Michoacáno. See Familia Jasso Rodríguez, Ramón, 135 Michoacáno Javier Gomez, Francisco, 178 La Gavia, 247 Jennifer, 214 LaGuardia, Fiorello, 55 Jiménez, David, 234 La Jornada, 87 Jimenez, Jorge, 117 Lala Pomavilla, Luis Freddy, 210 Jiménez Lugo, Edgar, 232–234 La Libertad, Guatemala, 129 Jiménez Lugo, Elizabeth, 232–233 La Linea, 16, 154, 205–206, 217 Jiménez Lugo, Ericka, 233 Landa Cárdenas, Ángel, 231 Joseph I, King of Spain, 26, 34 Landa Coronado, Jorge Valentin, 212 journalists, 5, 111–112, 132–133, 187, 217 Landgraff , Heidi, 69

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La Opinion, 217 Luna Luna, Raúl Héctor, 200 La Opinión de Michoacán, 111 Luna Villalobos, Angela, 9 La Paz, 183–184 Lara Rodríguez, Jesús Manuel, 202 M Lascuráin, Pedro, 43–44 M-16 rifl es, 256 law enforcement: as cartel enforcers, Macias, Juan Carlos, 165 16; corruption, 127–128, 156–157; Macias, Pilar, 165 extortion, 162 Macías Hernández, Federico, 193 Lawn, Jack, 62, 63–64 Madera, 151 Lawrence, Jason Quinn, 178 Madero, Francisco I, 43, 46 Lazcano Lazcano, Heriberto, 124 Madrazo Cuellar, Jorge, 76 Leahy, Patrick, 156 Madrazo Pintado, Roberto, 103–104 LeBaron, Benjamin, 154, 155, 165 mafi a, 124, 240 LeBaron, Craig, 153–154 Malherbe De León, Oscar, 80 LeBaron, Eric, 153–154 Malverde, Jesús, 142 LeBaron, Ervil, 153 Mama’s Kitchen, 161 LeBaron, Joel, 153 Manuel Salas, Carlos, 8 LeBaron, Julian, 153 Manuel Solis, Victor, 146 LeBaron, Miriam, 154 Manzur Assad, Omar, 231 Leeds, Lila, 56 Mara Salvatrucha, 198 Leija Garza, Eliacib, 218 Marcos, 48–49 Leno, Mark, 223 Mariano Jiménez, José, 30 Leona Vicario, 194–195 Marihuana Tax Act, 55 Leonhart, Michele, 140, 183–184 marijuana: BC Bud, 172–173; León López, Elías, 181 changing attitudes towards, 57–58; Levin, Jack, 236 eff ect of legalization, 252, 253; Leyzaola Perez, Julian, 183 legislation against, 54–57; rise in La Linea, 16, 154, 205–206, 217 popularity, 52–54; source of, 58; Llamas, Raul S., 82 U.S. decriminalization, 223–225; Lopez, Grade Jorge, 147 warehouse seizure, 225–226 López Alatorre, Dorilian, 181 Marín Torres, Mario, 87 López Arteaga, Francisco, 227 Marquez Alcala, Cristina, 150 López Catache, Francisco David, 203 Marquez Perez, Enrique, 137 López Obrador, Andrés Manuel, Martínez Villarreal, Alejandro, 203 103–104 Martín Garfi , José Antonio, 114 Lopez Reyes, Juan Antonio, 212 Martín Martínez, Juan, 136 Lopez Reyes, Maritzel, 212 Mascara Roja, 49 Lopez Reyes, Mauricio, 212 Matamoros, 229 López Uriarte, Raydel, 184 Matta Ballesteros, Juan Ramón, 64 López Zúñiga, Rubén, 203 Maxmilian I, Emperor of Mexico, 41–42 , 76, 183 Mayan Riviera, 88 Lozano Alarcón, Javier, 108 Mayans, 19–20, 48 Lozano Gracia, Fernando Antonio, Mayo, Henry T., 44 74–76 mayors, corruption charges, 148 Luebbert Gutiérrez, Oscar, 137 Mazatlán, 247

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McAllen Monitor, 222 Mexican Mafi a (Los Angeles gang), 198 McCain, John, 190 , 136 McCraw, Steve, 139 , 43 McNeill, Tim, 1 Mexico: annual deaths, 129–130, 167, Mears, Chris, 237 245; class system, 24–25; cocaine Medellin Cartel, 60, 61 distribution, 60; Colombianization Medina Mora, Eduardo, 109 of, 206; comparison to Colombia, Medina Salinas, Brenda, 240 216–217; criminal investigations, Mejía, Tomás, 40–41 99; economy, 48, 51–52; eff ect of Mejor Sociedad, Mejor Gobierno, government action, 2–3; failed state 131–132 status, 167–168; fi rearms supplies, Mellon, Andrew, 55 119–120; illegal entries to U.S., Mendelson, Mark, 92 58–59; indigenous peoples, 25–26; Mendoza, Mario, 83 marijuana, 52–54; , 1; U.S. Mendoza Aguirre, Napoleón de Jesús, aid, 121–122; as U.S. security risk, 151 237–238 Mendoza Perez, Victor, 185 Mexico history: Aztecs, 17–18; French Mendoza y Pacheco, Antonio de, 25 invasion, 41–42; independence, Mérida Initiative, 121–122, 156 26–32, 33–38; revolutionaries, 43–46; : eff ect on crime Spaniards, 18–26; 20th century, rates, 169; ingredients, 107–108; 46–50; war with U.S., 38–40 manufacture, 105, 140, 170; network Mexico City, 24 expansion, 79–80; source of, 58; U.S. Meza López, Santiago, 133 labs, 170, 171 Meza Sánchez, Jose Trinidad, 168 Mexica, 18–19, 21–24 Miami, 59 Mexicali, 67 Michelena, Mariano, 37 Mexican Army: abuses, 151; arrests, 63, Michoacán, 52, 104–106, 151–152, 66, 78, 82, 113, 126, 134; assaults on 156, 170 bases, 192; helicopter purchases, 141; Michoacán Cartel. See Familia imposters, 151; intervention of, 112, Michoacáno 131; Los Zetas arrests, 200; Monterrey migrants. See illegal immigrants shootout, 191–192; protests against, Miguel G, 16, 99–100 136–137; U.S. involvement, 240–241; Milenio, 8, 187 weapons from, 194; at Zaragoza , 116 shootout, 199 military. See Mexican Army Mexican Drug War: American Millán Gómez, Édgar Eusebio, involvement, 250; American 114, 115 responsibility, 109, 201; annual mineshaft body dump, 195–197 deaths, 129–130, 167, 245; events Mitchum, Robert, 56 leading to, 50, 73, 80, 85, 99; future of, Moctezuma, 19, 22, 23 252–253; use of car bombs, 206 Molina, Miguel, 211 Mexican government: corruption, Mondragon Mendoza, Julio Cesar, 124 63–64, 104; criticism of U.S., 109; , 244–245 possession decriminalization law, Montemayor González, Carlos, 214 162; potential of losing war, 167 Monterrey, 124, 132, 136, 200–201

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Montes de Oca, Isidoro, 33 National Constituent Congress of Montez de , 110 Chilpancingo, 31 Montgomery, Cliff ord Roger, 178 National Drug Th reat Assessment, 235 Mora Garcia, Roberto Javier, 198 National Post, 93 Morales Ibañez, Marisela, 143 Naval Infantry, 166 Morelia, 123, 124, 144, 155 Navarrete, Agustin Damian, 117 Morelos, 52 Nayarit, 227–228 Morelos, José, 31–32 ’Ndrangheta, 124 Moreno Bustos, José Donato, 143 , 197–198, 199, 209 Moreno Díaz, Joaquín, 136 Nemesio Lugo, Jose, 108 Moreno Godinez, Sergio, 246 New York City, 169 Moreno González, Nazario, 246 New York Times, 55, 87, 123, 140, 185, Moreno Manjarrez, Rommel, 183 189, 238–239 Moreno Pérez, Santos, 216 , 64 Moreno Rivera, Victor, 13–14 nicknames, 255–256 Moroyoqui, Crisantos, 249 Nieves, Robert, 75 Morquecho Hernandez, Eduardo, 1978 Cocaine Coup, 64 155–156 Nixon, Richard, 2, 57 Morton, John, 251 Nogales, Arizona, 249 Mota, 206 Norinco, 119 Mota Velasco, Germán Larrea, 195 Norte de Valle Cartel, 60 Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 224 North American Free Trade Agreement Motores Electricos de Juárez, 14 (NAFTA), 48 Mourino, Juan Camilo, 120–121 Noticias Puerta Vallarta, 174 Movimiento 19 de Abril, 61 Notimex, 204–205 MS-13, 198, 251 Novedades Quintana Roo, 96–97, 134 Mukasey, Michael, 124 Nuestras Hijas de Regreso a Casa, 7 Munoz Roman, Frida, 115 , 80, 82–83, 136 Muñoz Sola, Cesar, 134 Nuevo León, 192 Murphy, Wendy, 222 Nuria J, 6 musicians, 83–84, 109–111, 193, 203 O N Oates, Dan, 230 Nacif Borge, Kamel, 87 , 24, 52 names, 255–256 Obama, Barack, 57, 141, 190, 217, 237 Namur, Carlos Otal, 78 Obregón, Álvaro, 46, 47 Napoleon Bonaparte, 26 O’Connor, Michael, 238 Napoleon III, King of France, 41, 42 O’Donojú y O’Rian, Juan, 35 Napolitano, Janet, 190, 239–240, 250 Oleas Solís, José Martín, 136 Naranjo Trujillo, Oscar, 216 Oliva Posada, Javier, 163 narco-juniors, 69 Olivares Villalba, Hector, 11 narco-protests, 136–138 Olivos Aguilera, David, 147 Narcotics Control Act of 1956, 57 Olympics, 48 National Commission on Marijuana Ontiveros Romero, José Alfredo, 193 and Drug Abuse, 57 Operation , 106

BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 271271 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM 272

Operation Border Star Contingency Pershing, John, 45–46 Plan, 139 Pew Hispanic Center, 51 Operation Clean Up, 127, 128 Pheonix, Arizona, 170 Operation Gunrunner, 231 Phoenix New Times, 241 Operation Knockdown, 188 Pinal County, 241–242, 249–250 Operation Michoacán, 104–106 Pino Suárez, José María, 43 Operation Solare, 124 pirates, 219–220 Operation Southern Tempest, 251 Placido, Anthony, 161–162 Operation Tijuana, 106 Plan de Iguala, 34 , 140, 142 Playas de Rosarito, 112 , 53, 56 Poiré Romero, Alejandro, 212–213, 216, Opium and Drug Act of 1922, 55 225–226 Orduña Cruz, Roberto, 138 Polares 1, 135–136, 160 orphans, 234 Policarpo, Juan, 143 Ortega Lugo, Jose and Jorge, 114 Porter, Bonita, 93 Ostrosky, Peggy, 234 Posadas Ocampo, Juan Jesús, 70–71 Osuna Millán, José Guadalupe, 142 pozole, 133 Otomanguean people, 18 PRD (Partido de la Revolución Democrática), 103 P prescription drugs, 2 Pachuca, 159–160 PRI (Partido Revolucionario Pacifi c Cartel. See Institucional), 47, 52, 71, 73–74, 103, Palma Salazar, Héctor, 66 123, 164 PAN (Partido Acción Nacional), 50, 103 Priego Tapia, Gerardo, 133 Pannozzi, Stephanie, 101 priests, 146 Partida Chiquette, Mario, 136 Prieto, Armando, 233 Pascoe, John, 9 Prieto Quintana, Guillermo, 116, 138 Patrón, Emilio Gamboa, 87 prison escapes, 147–148, 192, 217–218 Payan, Victor Enrique, 125–126 prison riots, 201 Paz, Octavio, 17 Proceso magazine, 69 Paz García, Policarpo, 64 Project Coronado, 171 Paz Torres, Gonzalo, 168 Proposition 19, 224–225 Pemex (Petroleos Mexicanos), 185–186, prostitution, 86 201 protests, 136–138 Peña, Aaron, 222–223 pseudoephedrine, 107–108 Peña Arjona, Zayda, 110 Puente de Calderón, 30 Peralta Alvarez, Alejandro, 143 Puerto Vallarta, 174–175 Pérez Galisteo, Daniel, 192–193 Puroll, Louie, 241 Perez Mendoza, Alvaro, 120 Perez Rodrigues, Victor, 178 Q Perez Rojas, Daniel, 128 Quevedo Gastelum, Celia Karina, 143 Perez Serrano, Sacramento, 138 Quiñónez Gastélum, Irán Francisco, Perino, Dana, 120 207 Periodico Quequi, 95 Quintana Roo, 52–53, 85–86, 133–134

BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 272272 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM 273

R Rivero Arana, Roberto, 192 Radilla Hernández, Jesús, 232 Robles Espinosa, Esteban, 115 Rafael Muñoz, Luis Aguirre, 150 Robles Hoyos, Pablo Emilio, 135 raids, 117 Robles Ramos, Eduardo, 193 Ramer, David, 248, 249 Rocha, Ronal, 230 Ramírez Báez, Alejandro, 114 Rodriguez y Carillo, Bello Melchor, 91, Ramírez Mandujano, Noé, 127–128 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 134 Ramirez Marulanda, Jose, 206 Roman Garcia, Juan Antonio, 116 Ramirez Razo, Samuel, 63 Roman Zuniga, Julio Cesar, 134 Ramirez Sanchez, Juan, 134 Romney, Meredith, 153 Ramirez Vázquez, Luis, 126 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 55 Ramos, Ignacio, 202 Rosa Anaya, Daniel de la, 112 Ramos Cervantes, Edgar Octavio, 214 Rosa Hickerson, Gustavo de la, 151 , 210–211, 228 Rosales Carvajal, José Antonio, 214 Rancho Búfalo, 62 Rosas Elicea, Alfredo, 124 RAND Corporation, 57, 224, 253 Rosas Rosas, Facundo, 126 RATMIL (Regia Autonomã pentru Roueche, Clayton, 175 producþia de Tehnicã Militarã), 118 Rubin, Paul, 241–242 Raul, 4 Rueda Medina, Arnoldo, 155 Ray Angel, Vern Ariel, 154 Rufe, Roger, 140–141 RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Ruiz Garcia, Samuel, 49 Police), 91, 94 Ruiz Rodriguez, José Natividad, 193 Ready, Barry Michael, 178 Ruperto Martínez, Manuel, 143 Los Rebeldes, 11–12 recruiting, 144, 232–233 S Red Cross, 186, 237 Sacramento Garza, José Julián, 186 Redelfs, Arthur, 187–188 Salazar, Ana Maria, 79 Red Scorpions, 174 Salcido Ceniceros, Jorge Alberto, 188 Regulate, Control & Tax Act, Salinas Castanon, Paulina, 75 224–225 Salinas de Gortari, Carlos, 66, 73 religion, 144 Salinas de Gortari, Enrique, 75 Renuart, Gene, 240 Salinas de Gortari, Raul, 75 Resendez Ramirez, Angel, 14 Sanchez, Leonardo, 110 Revuelta Lopez, José Manuel, 163 Sánchez Arellano, Luis Fernando, 126, Reyes Ferriz, José, 138–139, 164, 188, 127 205–206 Sanchez Celis, Leopoldo, 61 Reyes Lozada, Maricela, 212 Sánchez Martínez, Gregorio, 134, 194 Reyes Ortega, Guadalupe, 218 Sanchez Ontiveros, Arturo, 5 Reynosa, 83, 136, 137–138, 186, 187, 218 Sánchez Valdez, Gudiel Iván, 181–182 Rice, Condoleezza, 125 Sánchez Vega, Ernesto, 107 Rico-Martinez, Francisco, 176, 178 San Diego, 69 Rio Grande, 164–165 Santa Anna, 36–37, 38, 39–40 Rivera, Jenni, 193 Santa Muerte, 141–142 Rivera Terrazas, Luis, 196 Santiago de Querétaro, 42

BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 273273 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM 274

Santiago Tangamandapio, 247 Cartel, 65, 80, 116, 244–245 Santiago Vasconcelos, José Luis, 82 SOS (Sociedad Organizada Segura), 154 Santofi mio, Alberto, 60 Souccar, Raf, 94 Sarmiento Silva, Manuel, 94 South Pacifi c Cartel, 209–210, 232–233 Sarukhán Casamitjana, Arturo, 191 Spaniards, 19–24, 59 Sauceda Gamboa, Hector Manuel, 137 Steele, Scott, 90 Saynez Mendoza, Mariano Francisco, Stewart, Scott, 193–194, 213 166 Stowe, Brendhan, 175 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 223, 224 Succar Kuri, Jean, 86–87 Scott, Winfi eld, 39–40 Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Second Motorized Cavalry Regiment, Neighborhoods Act, 191 126 surnames, 255 Seguro, Jacinto, 205 Swarbrick, Bonnie, 243 Sentimientos de la Nación, 31 Symes, Foster, 56 Sharif, Abdel Latif, 10–13 Shelby County, Alabama, 170–171 T SIEDO (Subprocuraduría de Tabasco, 52 Investigación Especializada en , 185–186 Delincuencia Organizada), 127–128, Tampico, 44, 193 131 Tancítaro, 168 Sierra Gonzalez, Eduardo, 178 Taxco de Alarcón, 195–196, 198–199 Silva Ruiz, Francisco, 195 Tecate, 67, 155 silver mines, 195–196 , 132–133 Simental gang, 183–184 Tello Quiñonez, Mauro Enrique, Simon Fraser University, 172 133–134, 150 Sinaloa, 66–67 Templo Cristiano Fe y Vida, 199 Sinaloa Cartel: alliances, 84, 105, Tenochtitlan, 22–23 115, 187; arrests, 114, 125, 140, 160, Tepic, 227–228 230; in Canada, 178–179; Chicago terror campaigns, 182–183 distribution, 161; in Denver, 230; Texas, 38–39 establishment of, 65; expansion of, 77, Texas Department of Public Safety, 220 79–80, 82; law enforcement bribes, Texas Rangers, 164–165 128; meth production, 170; protection Texas Southmost College, 229 gangs, 197; shootings, 152; tensions 30th Street Gang, 69, 70–71 between cartels, 67–68, 69–71; threats 35th Infantry Battalion, 151 to, 141; threat to , 109; Tijuana, 16, 62, 106–107, 150, 226 truce, 185; in U.S., 171, 248–249; U.S. Tijuana Cartel: alliances, 80, 84, 187; sanctions against, 120 arrests, 141, 184; establishment of, SIP (Sociedad Interamericana de 65; members, 68–69; naming of, 256; Prensa), 187 tensions between cartels, 67–68, Skrapec, Candice, 14 69–71; threats to, 109 Sloman, Jeff rey, 245 Time magazine, 68 Slow Poke, 161 Tirado Camacho, Jesus, 203 Solis Solis, Saul, 156 Tlatelolco, 23 Soltero Subiate, Gerardo, 203 Tlatelolco Massacre, 48

BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 274274 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM 275

Tlaxcala, 20–21, 23, 52 to, 170–172; warnings on travel in Toledo Corro, Antonio, 66, 67 Mexico, 3, 109, 117, 138, 186, 238; War Toluca, 214 on Drugs, 2, 57, 58, 60–61, 225 Toribio Castillo, Augustin, 13–14 U.S. Border Patrol, 58, 190, 201–202, Torices Morales, Humberto, 120 220, 231, 239 Torre Cantú, Egidio, 203 U.S. Coast Guard, 60, 134–135 Torre Cantú, Rodolfo, 203 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Torreón, 206 188, 237, 250 Torres Méndez, Juan, 70 U.S. Department of Justice, 235 Totonacs, 20–21 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 243 tourists: murders, 88–102; reduction in, U.S. Joint Forces Command, 237 216, 226, 247; safety concerns, 85–86; U.S. , 140, 190, 239, 243 warnings to, 3, 109, 117, 138, 186, 238 U.S. State Department, 3, 109, 138, 186, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 40 238 Treviño Herrera, Gilberto, 143 University of Ottawa, 253 Trujillo Sanchez, Torcuato, 30 University of Texas, 229 Trung Do, Nguyen Minh, 175 Uruapan, 155 Tucson, Arizona, 58, 238–239 Tucson Zone, 190 V tunnels, 249 Valdez Cartel, 209 28th Infantry Battalion, 126 Valdez Villarreal, Abel, 197 Valdez Villarreal, Edgar, 197–198, U 209–210, 211–214, 256 Ubisoft , 251 Valenzuela Ruiz, Isaías de Jesús, 195 undocumented migrants. See illegal Valladolid, 28–29 immigrants Valle del Norte Cartel, 135 Unimed Pharm Chem, 107–108 Valles, Adolfo, 44 United Nations (gang), 173–175 Valles de la Rosa, Ricardo, 188 United Nations Human Rights Council, Vasconez, Juan, 70 87 Vazquez, Alejandro, 117 United States: 2009 deaths, 167; aid Vega, Angelo, 251 to fi ght traffi cking, 121–122, 156; Vega Cuamea, José Sergio, 203 assassination of citizens, 187–188; Vega Garcia, Ricardo, 78 bailout, 52; cartel contacts in, Vega Hernández, Daniel de la, 114 140–141; cartel target, 124–125; crime Vega Saldana, Carlos, 148 rates, 169; fi rearms dealers, 119; Velasco, Javier Vásquez, 63 foreigners working in, 1–2; illegal Velasco Arzac, Guillermo, 131–132 entry, 58–59; illegal immigrants, Velasco Bravo, Roberto, 114 51, 238–239, 241–244; indigenous Velasco Delgado, Francisco, 134 peoples, 25; , 237; Velazquez, Luz Elena, 117 marijuana, 54–59; Mexican War, Venegas de Saavedra, Francisco Javier, 39–40; military involvement, 29 240; national security, 237–238; , 44–45, 52 possession laws, 163; safety in, Victoria, Guadalupe, 33, 34–35, 37–38 235–236; spread of cartel violence Villa, Pancho, 43, 45–46, 54

BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 275275 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM 276

Villa Ester, Benitez, 126 Yucatán, 19–20, 52–53 Villahermosa, 185 Yunes, Miguel Ángel, 87 Villanueva Aguirre, María Teresa, 114 Villegas Meléndez, Edgar Luis, 136 Z Vivanco, José Miguel, 122 Zambada García, Ismael, 65, 78 Zambada García, Jesus, 125 W Zambada Niebla, Jesus Vicente, 142 , 244–245 Zambada Niebla, Jorge, 125 (U.S.), 2, 57, 58, 60–61, Zambada Reyes, Jesus, 125 225. See also Mexican Drug War Zambrano Flores, Manuel Invanovich, War on Drug Traffi cking, 104 159–160 Washington Post, 219 Zapata, Emiliano, 43, 46 Washington State, 171 Zapata, Jaimie, 250 WASR-10 hunting rifl es, 119, 256 Zapatistas, 46, 49, 50, 123 weapons: importation, 119–120, Zaragoza bridge, 199 251–252; initiative to fi ght smuggling, Zavala Avelar, Alfredo, 62, 63 121–122; manufacture, 118–119; Zayda y Los Culpables, 110 smuggling, 128–129; source of, 140 Zedillo Ponce de León, Ernesto, 50, 52, Webb, J. Dewy, 128–129 74, 76 Wells Fargo, 244 Zepeda Lecuona, Guillermo, 167 West, Arvin, 165 Zeta (magazine), 76, 106, 112 Western Union, 245 Los Zetas: alliances, 116, 124, 187; Whalen, Bill, 175 Angulo Córdova family killings, Whitman, Meg, 224 181–182; arrests, 192, 200; Widmar, Luis Carlos, 154, 165 assassinations, 195; Elizalde killing, Woodward, William C, 55 84; establishment of, 81; expansion World War II, 56 of territory, 214–215; at Falcon Lake, X 219; in Guatemala, 129; gunfi ght, X Caliber Guns, 118, 119 152, 247; independence of, 82; XXXoticas, 211–212 kidnappings, 177–178, 211; methods, 213; military training, 240–241; Y Morelia attack, 123; prison escape, Ye Gon, Zhen-Li, 107, 256 147–148; protest organization, 136; Yermo, Gabriel de, 26 split with Gulf Cartel, 184–187; York Regional Police, 94 training center, 215–216 Young, Les, 95 Zihuatanejo de Azueta, 148 YouTube, 84, 120, 186, 229 Zitácuaro, 201

BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 276276 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 277277 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM BBINDEX.inddINDEX.indd 278278 114/09/114/09/11 10:4310:43 PMPM