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EDITORIAL OPEN ACCESS Prime Minister Bhattacharyya and Pulla. Space and Culture, India 2019, 7:1 Page | 1 https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i1.569 EDITORIAL OPEN ACCESS Prime Minister Modi Returns, 2019: New Governance Agenda Dr Rituparna Bhattacharyya†* and Dr Venkat Pulla† Abstract This editorial reviews the historic mandate of India’s General Election of 2019, preceding nasty campaigns and futurist agenda for Mr Modi's second term. Keywords: General Election 2019; Good Governance; India † Editor-in Chief (joint), Journal Space and Culture, India * Corresponding Author, Email: [email protected] © 2019 Bhattacharyya and Pulla. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Bhattacharyya and Pulla. Space and Culture, India 2019, 7:1 Page | 2 Introduction win any seats in Kerala, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) swept the General Election 2019, Elections have their place in [a] 3 democracy, and it is the responsibility of winning 343 constituencies out of 542. This is a the winner to take care of 130 crore clear win for Modi, personally and for his people. Those who made us win or those government. The BJP alone accomplished 303 constituencies as opposed to 52 by the Indian who did not both are our (people). Kerala 4 is as dear to me as Varanasi is1 National Congress; albeit the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) obtained 90 seats After a historic mandate of 23 May 2019 in the while the other 99 constituencies have been 17th Indian General (Lok Sabha) Election, the shared by so-called Mahagathbandhan (MGB— Prime Minister of India, Mr Narendra Damodar an alliance of Bahujan Samaj Party and Samaj Das Modi, visited Kerala to attend an Badi Party, known as BSP+, who managed only Abhinandan Sabha2 on 08 June 2019 organised 15 constituencies) and others— 84. The detailed by the Kerala unit of his party Bharatiya Janata breakdown of the seat share is illustrated in Party (BJP), in Guruvayur where he made the Figure 1. above statement. Although the BJP has failed to Figure 1: Lok Sabha Results 2019, The Hindu. Retrieved on 02 June 2019 from, https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/ The 2019 election was grappled by some of the hurled ‘real lies’ at PM Modi by continuously ugliest forms of campaign mediated through a chanting Chowkidar Chor Hai (the gatekeeper is constant stream of abuses showered upon a a thief), alleging nepotism in awarding contracts sitting Prime Minister, by the opposition and and escalating the price of Dassault Rafale political elites. The opposition relentlessly fighter jet deal. The BJP cadres invigorated this 1 People are God in elections: Narendra Modi (2019, 08 June).The Daily Star. Retrieved 08 June 2019 from, https://www.thedailystar.net/india/news/people-are-god-elections-narendra-modi-1754020 2 Abhinandan means congratulations and Sabha means assembly 3 There are 543 consitutuencies but in one (Vellore), election was cancelled by the Election Commission. 4 General Election to Lok Sabha Trends & Result 2019, Election Commission of India. Retrieved 08 June 2019 from, http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/partywise/index.htm Bhattacharyya and Pulla. Space and Culture, India 2019, 7:1 Page | 3 name calling into a positive tagline by changing performance of the first five years of the Modi their social media handles as Main Bhi government. He was also critical of the election Chowkidar (I am also a gatekeeper). of Ms Pragya Thakur from Bhopal, who was Rash utterances, signature campaigns and slimy charged with the 2008 Malegaon blasts (Sen, 2019). Ideally, no accused should ever get into hatred, mime wars, arson, violence and killings have marred the elections. The Chief Minister of an avatar of a lawmaker. West Bengal, Mamta Banerjee, a very bitter lady, There has been fierce criticism that a person went to the extent of calling PM Modi and Mr with ‘Hindu-terror’ charges has won against a Amit Shah as goondas (Das,2019).5 A group of two-term former Chief Minister, Member of about 600 theatre personalities and intellectuals Parliament and a very influential person of the signed a petition requesting the citizens of India Congress, Mr Digvijaya Singh. Traditionally, to vote the incumbent government out of power Bhopal constituency has been a strong BJP urging the electorate to cast for "equality and bastion since 1989 with approximately 69 per social justice, and to defeat the forces of cent of the population following the Hindu darkness and barbarism" (Dixit, 2019). Another religion. Nuanced observation unveils that the group of 907 artists countered this petition and opposition themselves are responsible for the issued a joint letter entitled: Nation First win of Pragya Thakur by associating a heinous Collective: an initiative by Creative Collective crime like ‘terror’ with Hindu religion, thereby Trust pleading the voters to re-elect the NDA-led fueling the emotional sentiments of the government (Sharma, 2019). The signatories electorates of Bhopal. Indeed, to avoid anti- stated: incumbency but taking into consideration the We, creative artists and persons winnability factors (such as class, caste and belonging to the field of literature appeal community), the BJP strategically steered a smart and a prudent move across the country in to all our fellow citizens to cast their vote and exercise their right to elect the new issuing tickets to the candidates. As a Govt. without any pressure and consequence, many sitting MPs were refused prejudice. tickets. For example, Mr Kamakhya Prasad Tasa, who is a representative of the tea tribes and had We believe that during the last five years, won the 2014 General Election from Jorhat India has seen a Govt. that has delivered constituency, Assam was denied a ticket. corruption-free good governance and Instead, the BJP fielded Mr Topon Kumar Gogoi, development-oriented administration. who hails from the Ahom community to contest During this period, globally, India has against Mr Sushanta Borgohain of the INC, who acquired greater respect. It is our firm also belong to the Ahom community. These conviction that the continuance of Govt. pedantic strategies not only helped the BJP to an led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi is emphatic sweep but also increased the vote the need of the hour. share from 31.1 per cent in 2014 to 37.4 per cent Besides, when challenges like terrorism in 2019 (Election Commission of India). are before all of us, we need a "Majboot Interestingly, the vote share of the BJP in about Sarkar" and not a "Mazboor Sarkar", and 13 states (Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya hence we need the present Govt. to Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, continue (Dixit, 2019). Gujarat, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Delhi, Chandigarh and Arunachal However, a day after the election results (that is, Pradesh) was either equivalent or more than 50 on 24 May 2019), in an article entitled Modi won per cent (Election Commission of India). power, not battle of ideas published in The New York Times, Amartya Sen was critical of the However, Pragya Thakur is not the only accused who was given a ticket; indeed, as per 5 a hired individual to commit a crime or cause damage Bhattacharyya and Pulla. Space and Culture, India 2019, 7:1 Page | 4 Association of Democratic Reforms, nearly 43 facing criminal charges are continuously on the per cent, out of 539 winning candidates are rise since 2004. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate this. accused of some form of criminal charges including some of the heinous forms like rape and murder. Sadly, the number of candidates Figure 2: Percentage of Lok Sabha MPs with Criminal Charges, 2019 Source: Association of Democratic Reforms 120 116 100 81 80 67 57 60 50 43 41 39 40 40 29 20 13 10 9 5 5 2 0 BJP INC Janata DMK Trinam CPI (M) BSP SP Dal ul United Congres s No. of MPs with Criminal Charges 116 29 13 10 9 2 5 5 In Percentage 39 57 81 43 41 67 50 40 No. of MPs with Criminal Charges In Percentage Bhattacharyya and Pulla. Space and Culture, India 2019, 7:1 Page | 5 Figure3: Percentage of Lok Sabha MPs with Criminal Cases Since 2004 Source: Association of Democratic Reforms 40 30 20 10 0 BJP BJP BJP Others Others Others Congress Congress Congress 2004 2009 2014 Percentage of Lok Sabha MPs with Criminal Cases Arguably, Mr Modi’s leadership, himself hailing The past five years have been difficult for from a humble background, chai wallah (tea India’s ruling elite. High officials, famous seller) fits into the notion of ‘counter-hegemony’ writers, editors of English newspapers, (Pulla, 2017) as put forward by Antonio Gramsci celebrated TV anchors, heirs of political (1999). According to Gramsci there are two faces dynasties, leftists and liberals have found of the notion hegemony: their importance diminish by the day. On the one hand it is contrasted with They have been replaced by people they “domination” (and as such bound up with once dismissed as ‘vernacs’, the word the opposition State/Civil Society) and on they use derisively for Indians who speak the other hand “hegemonic” is only in the vernacular. If ‘liberal’ sometimes used as an opposite of journalists are astoundingly illiberal in “corporate” or “economic-corporate” to their assessments of Modi it is because designate an historical phase in which a they have suffered badly since there was given group moves beyond a position of regime change in 2014. Where they once corporate existence and defence of its had privileged access to the men and economic position and aspires to a women who rule India, they are now position of leadership in the political and relegated to unseen TV channels while social arena (Gramsci, 1999: 20).
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