DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Dhirubhai Ambani International Model United Nations 2019 Forum: Security Council Issue: Question Of Kashmir Student Officer: Vikram Sivashankar Position: Deputy President Introduction The Kashmir issue is a conflict between the nations of Pakistan and India over the territory of Kashmir. Kashmir, located at the northernmost part of the Indian subcontinent, consists of the Indian regions of Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu, Kashmir Valley and Ladakh), the Pakistani regions of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan and Chinese regions of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. The main conflict arises from the fact that the former ruler of Kashmir, Hari Singh, initially sought to remain autonomous, but then ceded Kashmir to India in October 1947 as a reaction to attacks by Muslims wishing for Pakistani possession of the state.1 Three wars have been fought as a result of this conflict- the Indo- Pakistani War of 1947 which started when Kashmir’s accession to India was feared, the Indo- Pakistani War of 1965 which was a reaction to Operation Giberaltar that aimed at sparking a revolt against Indians in Kashmir and finally the Kargil War in 1999, which was initiated by a violation of the LOC by Pakistani forces. Currently, the region is divided by the Line of Control (LOC), a line demarcating the Pakistan- Occupied Kashmir and Indian- Occupied Kashmir regions (POK and IOK respectively). The population of POK is estimated to be 6 million (approximately 4 million and 2 million for Azad Kashmir and Gilgit- Baltistan respectively).2 IOK has a population of 1 “South Asia | Kashmir: The Origins of the Dispute.” BBC News, BBC, 16 Jan. 2002, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1762146.stm. 2 Reporter, Our Staff. “Census 2017: AJK Population Rises to over 4m.” The Nation, The Nation, 26 Aug. 2017, nation.com.pk/27-Aug-2017/census-2017-ajk-population-rises-to-over-4m. ● Research Report | Page 1 of 18 Dhirubhai Ambani International Model United Nations 2019 12.5 million people.3 India considers Kashmir to be its territory, and claims that the Instrument of Accession is a legal document, which thereby affirms its belief, whereas Pakistan considers the region of Kashmir to be a disputed region whose administering country should be determined by the inhabitants by a plebiscite. This clash of interests has led to a number of human rights violations claimed to be committed by Indian military forces. According to a report by the Human Rights Watch, the Indian Armed Forces Special Powers Act has provided freedoms to Indian forces, which are violated extensively in Kashmir, with crimes such as sexual violence, restrictions on the freedom of speech, murder and torture. Kashmir’s economic condition is also affected by the power crisis it faces. Currently, a number of hydroelectric power plants produce energy, which is distributed throughout India, thereby hindering economic development in Kashmir itself. It is dependent on the Indian Government for salaries for officials, subsidies etc. which furthermore deteriorates the economic condition of the state. 4 In 2019, a suicide bombing resulted in the death of 40 Indian Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel5. The attack, claimed by extremist group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), was met by a violation of the LOC by the Indian Air Forces, who dropped bombs at Balakot6. Pakistan claimed that these bombs landed in an uninhabited hilltop area, whereas India claims that they targeted a terrorist camp and successfully killed over 170 terrorists.7 In response, Pakistan conducted an air strike on India, resulting in no loss of life. An Indian pilot was captured and then released by Pakistani forces. The release acted as a ceasefire in the conflict. However, political tensions between the two nations are still at a 3 Orgi. “Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.” Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, censusindia.gov.in/. 4 [email protected]. “Kashmir: The Clash of Identities.” Beyond Intractability, 22 Feb. 2017, www.beyondintractability.org/casestudy/navlakha-kashmir. 5 “Pulwama Attack: India Will 'Completely Isolate' Pakistan.” BBC News, BBC, 15 Feb. 2019, www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-india-47249133. 6 Safi, Michael, and Mehreen Zahra-Malik. “'Get Ready for Our Surprise': Pakistan Warns India It Will Respond to Airstrikes.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 27 Feb. 2019, www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/26/pakistan-india-jets-breached-ceasefire-line-kashmir-bomb. 7 Desk, India Today Web. “As Many as 170 JeM Terrorists Killed in Balakot Airstrike: Italian Journalist.” India Today, 9 May 2019, www.indiatoday.in/india/story/balakot-airstrike-1520097-2019-05-08. ● Research Report | Page 2 of 18 Dhirubhai Ambani International Model United Nations 2019 high. Our world is on the brim of a multinational conflict involving two of the most powerful and armed countries; solving the issue is one of the greatest needs of the hour. Definition of Key Terms Ceasefire A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of war where all involved parties retract their troops and call for a suspension of aggressive activity. 8 Extremist Group Extremism is defined as "the advocacy of extreme measures or views”. An extremist group, therefore, is one that advocates such views, generally through violence. Instrument Of Accession The Instrument of Accession is a legal document decided by Maharaja Hari Singh, ruler of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, and the Indian Government on 26 October 1947. As a result of this document, the territory of Jammu and Kashmir was ceded to India, thereby foregoing its autonomy. 9 Jaish- e- Mohammed Jaish-e-Mohammed is a Pakistan- based Jihadi extremist organization that targets the Indian Government with the primary goal being Pakistan gaining control over Kashmir. 10 Line of Control The Line of Control is a 740 km long de- facto border between India and Pakistan, which demarcates Indian- Occupied Kashmir from Pakistan- Occupied Kashmir. 8 “TRUCE: Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary.” Cambridge Dictionary, dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/truce. 9 “Jammu and Kashmir Instrument of Accession Explained: Article 370 Linked to Agreement Signed between Hari Singh and India.” Firstpost, 20 Feb. 2019, www.firstpost.com/india/jammu-and-kashmir-instrument-of-accession- explained-article-370-linked-to-agreement-signed-between-hari-singh-and-india-6120001.html. 10 Hashim, Asad. “Profile: What Is Jaish-e-Muhammad?” News | Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera, 1 May 2019, www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/profile-jaish-muhammad-190215061851082.html. ● Research Report | Page 3 of 18 Dhirubhai Ambani International Model United Nations 2019 Plebiscite A plebiscite is a vote by which the people of an entire country or district express an opinion for or against a proposal especially on a choice of government or ruler. In the context of Kashmir, talks about a plebiscite have been held to determine the nation, which would gain control over Kashmir. One has not been held yet, however. 11 Background Information Pre- Independent Kashmir Before 1947, a census taken in 1941 revealed a 77% Muslim population, 20% Hindu population and a 3% Buddhist population. Hindu rulers had ruled Kashmir for a century. Muslims, who suffered economic hardships owing to their clash of opinions with Hindus, dominated peasantry. Gilgit- Baltistan and Kashmir Valley were dominated by Muslims. The partition of India into India and Pakistan The partition of India into India and Pakistan took place on August 15, 1947. Majority of the Muslim population at the time, under the leadership of the Muslim League led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, wished for a creation of a separate state for Muslims. This was for multiple reasons: firstly, the Muslim population of farmers wished for freedom from the clutches of the landowners who were predominantly Hindus and considered to be “oppressive”.12 Secondly, since India at the time was a Hindu- dominated country, it was the opinion of the Muslim League that power would be transferred from the British not to the Indians, but to the Hindus. After the partition, Kashmir was to be autonomous. However, due to attacks on the region by Muslim rebel groups, the ruler Hari Singh sought the help of India and agreed to sign the Instrument of Accession. India believes that this is a legal alternative to a plebiscite, whereas Pakistan considers Hari Singh as an unpopular leader, thereby making the agreement null and void. 11 “Plebiscite.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plebiscite. 12 Bates, Dr Crispin. “History - British History in Depth: The Hidden Story of Partition and Its Legacies.” BBC, BBC, 3 Mar. 2011, www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml. ● Research Report | Page 4 of 18 Dhirubhai Ambani International Model United Nations 2019 The First Indo Pakistani War The First Indo- Pakistani War took place in 1947. Pakistan launched tribal lashkar (militia) in an effort to capture Kashmir, soon after obtaining independence. The rebellion in Poonch was particularly impactful, in August 1947, wherein several Poonchi citizens, owing to unemployment and heavy taxation, began to campaign for no taxes. The resulting war ended with a declaration of ceasefire. 6604 Indians and 1100 Pakistanis were killed in the war.13 The UN passed a resolution calling for a plebiscite in Kashmir in UNSCR 47, which proved to be inconsequential. This formally resulted in India gaining control of around two- thirds of the area of Kashmir (controlling the Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Ladakh) and Pakistan gaining a third of the area (Gilgit- Baltistan and Azad Kashmir). Aksai Chin and the Sino-Indian War Aksai Chin is a disputed region, claimed both by China and India. The Sino- Indian War was a war fought between the two nations over the sovereignty of the region.
Recommended publications
  • A Look Into the Conflict Between India and Pakistan Over Kashmir Written by Pranav Asoori

    A Look Into the Conflict Between India and Pakistan Over Kashmir Written by Pranav Asoori

    A Look into the Conflict Between India and Pakistan over Kashmir Written by Pranav Asoori This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. A Look into the Conflict Between India and Pakistan over Kashmir https://www.e-ir.info/2020/10/07/a-look-into-the-conflict-between-india-and-pakistan-over-kashmir/ PRANAV ASOORI, OCT 7 2020 The region of Kashmir is one of the most volatile areas in the world. The nations of India and Pakistan have fiercely contested each other over Kashmir, fighting three major wars and two minor wars. It has gained immense international attention given the fact that both India and Pakistan are nuclear powers and this conflict represents a threat to global security. Historical Context To understand this conflict, it is essential to look back into the history of the area. In August of 1947, India and Pakistan were on the cusp of independence from the British. The British, led by the then Governor-General Louis Mountbatten, divided the British India empire into the states of India and Pakistan. The British India Empire was made up of multiple princely states (states that were allegiant to the British but headed by a monarch) along with states directly headed by the British. At the time of the partition, princely states had the right to choose whether they were to cede to India or Pakistan. To quote Mountbatten, “Typically, geographical circumstance and collective interests, et cetera will be the components to be considered[1].
  • Air Power and National Security[INITIAL].P65

    Air Power and National Security[INITIAL].P65

    AIR POWER AND NATIONAL SECURITY Indian Air Force: Evolution, Growth and Future AIR POWER AND NATIONAL SECURITY Indian Air Force: Evolution, Growth and Future Air Commodore Ramesh V. Phadke (Retd.) INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES & ANALYSES NEW DELHI PENTAGON PRESS Air Power and National Security: Indian Air Force: Evolution, Growth and Future Air Commodore Ramesh V. Phadke (Retd.) First Published in 2015 Copyright © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi ISBN 978-81-8274-840-8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without first obtaining written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, or the Government of India. Published by PENTAGON PRESS 206, Peacock Lane, Shahpur Jat, New Delhi-110049 Phones: 011-64706243, 26491568 Telefax: 011-26490600 email: [email protected] website: www.pentagonpress.in Branch Flat No.213, Athena-2, Clover Acropolis, Viman Nagar, Pune-411014 Email: [email protected] In association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No. 1, Development Enclave, New Delhi-110010 Phone: +91-11-26717983 Website: www.idsa.in Printed at Avantika Printers Private Limited. This book is dedicated to the memory of my parents, Shri V.V. Phadke and Shrimati Vimal Phadke, My in-laws, Brig. G.S. Sidhu, AVSM and Mrs. Pritam Sidhu, Late Flg. Offr. Harita Deol, my niece, who died in an Avro accident on December 24, 1996, Late Flt.
  • 03 July 2020

    03 July 2020

    The Home of Solid Games www.greystonegames.com Vol. 19 Issue 18 Friday 03 july to 09 July20200 $1 www.thesouthasianinsider.com Sweet,Sweet, BitterBitter andand TepidTepid A Look At India’s Relationship With Neighbours (Story on Page 34,35,36,37) Also r Millions Switch To "Local TikToks" After India Bans Chinese Apps Page No. 4 r Resisting Chinese encroachment Page No. 8 Read r A reset in Kashmir policy Page No. 10 r It can no longer be business-as-usual Page No. 44 Home Business Auto NLIGHT INSURANCE Insurance (A Division of Nlight Financial LLC) (See Full Page Advt. on Page 20) Call : 917-612-3158 Friday 03 July to 09 July2020 COMMUNITY 2 Indo American Press Club Holds Virtual Induction Ceremony Dr. Joseph Chalil Inducted As Chairman, Dr. S.S. Lal As President of IPAC (Press Release By AJAY GHOSH) Nair & Thampanoor Mohan. Ajay New York : During a solemn virtual Ghosh, the Founding President of ceremony live telecast on social media IAPC introduced Dr. Chalil as the Co- and viewed by thousands from around founder and Publisher of The Universal the world, Dr. Joseph M. Chalil News Network. Dr. Chalil is an Adjunct assumed charge as the Chairman, Professor and author of several while Dr. SS Lal as the President of scientific and research papers in Indo American Press Club on Sunday, international publications. A veteran of June 28th, 2020. Also, along with the the U.S. Navy Medical Corps, Dr. Chalil two dynamic leaders, several new is board certified in healthcare members of the Board of Directors, management and has been awarded Executive Committee members, and Fellowship by the American College Local Chapter leadership were of Healthcare Executives.
  • Kashmir Conflict: a Critical Analysis

    Kashmir Conflict: a Critical Analysis

    Society & Change Vol. VI, No. 3, July-September 2012 ISSN :1997-1052 (Print), 227-202X (Online) Kashmir Conflict: A Critical Analysis Saifuddin Ahmed1 Anurug Chakma2 Abstract The conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir which is considered as the major obstacle in promoting regional integration as well as in bringing peace in South Asia is one of the most intractable and long-standing conflicts in the world. The conflict originated in 1947 along with the emergence of India and Pakistan as two separate independent states based on the ‘Two-Nations’ theory. Scholarly literature has found out many factors that have contributed to cause and escalate the conflict and also to make protracted in nature. Five armed conflicts have taken place over the Kashmir. The implications of this protracted conflict are very far-reaching. Thousands of peoples have become uprooted; more than 60,000 people have died; thousands of women have lost their beloved husbands; nuclear arms race has geared up; insecurity has increased; in spite of huge destruction and war like situation the possibility of negotiation and compromise is still absence . This paper is an attempt to analyze the causes and consequences of Kashmir conflict as well as its security implications in South Asia. Introduction Jahangir writes: “Kashmir is a garden of eternal spring, a delightful flower-bed and a heart-expanding heritage for dervishes. Its pleasant meads and enchanting cascades are beyond all description. There are running streams and fountains beyond count. Wherever the eye
  • Paper Teplate

    Paper Teplate

    Volume-04 ISSN: 2455-3085 (Online) Issue-12 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary December -2019 www.rrjournals.com[Peer Reviewed Journal] Terrorism, Human Rights and Peace in Kashmir (Learning from the Punjab Experience) Dr. Malkit Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Human Rights DAV College for Girls, Yamuna Nagar (India) ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History This paper argues that human rights are the basic of the human governance and good Published Online: 16 Dec 2019 governance is possible only in the peaceful and progressive environment. Terrorism is dangerous to both the human rights and peace. Unfortunately the issue of human Keywords rights is over politicised and sometimes it is used by the vested interests to derail the Human rights, Peace, Kashmir government measures to establish peace, law and order, which is basic requirement for the protection of human rights and governance. The vociferous campaign of some National and International Human Rights Group along with some political parties in opposition on the issue of violation of human rights by the security measures in Kashmir especially after the revocation of the Article 370 are analysed under the above context. While referring to the measures which were taken by the central government to established peace in Punjab just in the neighboring state of J&K then, paper holds that the strong measures against the terrorism are necessary measures to secure the human rights of the common citizens in Kashmir. This paper also exposes the dubious character of the some national and international human rights groups along with the political parties in opposition that are more worried about the right to freedom of expression instead of the right to life in a volatile situation like in Kashmir.
  • समाचार पत्र से चियत अंश Newspapers Clippings

    समाचार पत्र से चियत अंश Newspapers Clippings

    July 2020 समाचार पत्र से चियत अंश Newspapers Clippings A Daily service to keep DRDO Fraternity abreast with DRDO Technologies, Defence Technologies, Defence Policies, International Relations and Science & Technology Volume: 45 Issue: 1 July 2020 64 15 रक्षा िवज्ञान पुतकालय Defenceरक्षा िवज्ञान Science पुतकालय Library रक्षाDefence वैज्ञािनक सScienceूचना एवं प्रल Libraryेखन क द्र Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Centre रक्षा वैज्ञािनक सूचना एव ं प्रलेखन क द्र Defence Scientificमेटकॉफ Informationहाउस, िदली -& 110 Documentation 054 Centre Metcalfe House, Delhi - 110 054 मेटकॉफ हाउस, िदली - 110 054 Metcalfe House, Delhi- 110 054 CONTENT S. No. TITLE Page No. DRDO News 1-6 COVID-19: DRDO’s Contribution 1-2 1. DRDO develops software tool for tracking Covid patients in quarantine 1 2. DRDO develops software tool for enforcement of quarantine during Covid-19 2 3. Beds to spare at Covid-19 centres as cases decline in Delhi 3 DRDO Technology News 4-6 4. 15 HAL LCH deal by year end….? 4 5. Indian forces to acquire Heron drones, Spike anti-tank guided missiles from Israel 5 6. Army to place repeat order for Spike missiles from Israel 6 Defence News 7-25 Defence Strategic National/International 7-25 7. New ballistic helmets for the Army 7 8. Here's why India's Rafale fighter jet is a better choice for dogfight than Pakistan's 8 US-made F-16 9. Know the Indian Army | Army Air Defence: The 'Sentinel of the Sky' protect air 10 space from low flying enemy aerial attacks 10.
  • Extremism and Terrorism

    Extremism and Terrorism

    Pakistan: Extremism and Terrorism On April 21, 2021, a car bomb exploded in the parking lot of the Serena Hotel in Quetta, killing at least five and wounding 11. Chinese ambassador to Pakistan Nong Rong was staying in the hotel but was not present during the attack. Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claimed responsibility. “It was a suicide attack in which our suicide bomber used his explosives-filled car in the hotel,” the TTP said in a text message to Reuters. (Sources: Reuters, Associated Press) On April 12, 2021, police in Lahore arrested Saad Rizvi, leader of the outlawed Islamist political party Tehreek-e-Labaik Pakistan (TLP). The arrest was reportedly to deter TLP supporters from further demanding the expulsion of France’s ambassador over the publication in France of cartoons featuring Islam’s Prophet Muhammad. Rizvi had claimed the government had reached an agreement with his party to expel the ambassador by April 20, while government officials claimed they agreed only to discuss the issue in parliament. In response to Rizvi’s arrest, TLP supporters blocked highways and clash with police across the country over the course of two days, killing at least four people and wounding dozens of others, including at least 60 police officers. On April 18, TLP supporters attacked a police station in Lahore while rallying in the city against Rizvi’s arrest. The protesters took hostage 11 officers. The protesters released the hostages the following day after negotiations with the government. Photos released of the hostages during the negotiations showed they had been tortured. (Sources: Voice of America, Associated Press) Overview Since its independence from British colonial rule in 1947, Pakistan has been divided along ethnic, religious, and sectarian lines, a condition which has been exploited by internal and external organizations to foster extremism and terrorism.
  • Introduction

    Introduction

    Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee Issue: Addressing the Kashmir region issue Student Officer: Natalie Kostara Position: President INTRODUCTION Distinguished Delegates, Hereby I would like to formally welcome you to the UNGA Disarmament and International Security Committee, ATSMUN 2019. I am so glad that you have chosen this committee and my co-chairs and I hope the conference will be an overall success full of fruitful debate and lots of fun. The three of us have been active in the MUN community for quite some time, and have made many good friends through MUN. To anyone doing MUN for the very first time at ATSMUN, welcome to the community, we are certain you will love it! To all those returning to MUN, welcome back! Regardless we hope you all broaden your horizons at ATSMUN and hopefully make some new friends. Our aim in this committee is not only to effectively guide the debate, but also to create an atmosphere where you can come to us for help if you need any. To that end I have left my email address below. If there is anything you would like to ask or tell us before the conference you are more than welcome to e-mail us in the coming weeks. Also, I highly encourage you all to thoroughly research the topics and your countries policies in order to write a well rounded and informative Position Paper. Working on your Position Paper will not only help you to better understand the committees’ questions but also to better represent your delegation during the committee session.
  • Limited Conflicts Under the Nuclear Umbrella: Indian and Pakistani

    Limited Conflicts Under the Nuclear Umbrella: Indian and Pakistani

    Limited Conflicts Under the Nuclear Umbrella R Indian and Pakistani Lessons from the Kargil Crisis Ashley J. Tellis C. Christine Fair Jamison Jo Medby National Security Research Division This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center (ISDPC) of RAND’s National Security Research Division (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. intelligence community, allied foreign governments, and foundations. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tellis, Ashley J. Limited conflicts under the nuclear umbrella : Indian and Pakistani lessons from the Kargil crisis / Ashley J. Tellis, C. Christine Fair, Jamison Jo Medby. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1450.” ISBN 0-8330-3101-5 1. Kargil (India)—History, Military—20th century. 2. Jammu and Kashmir (India)—Politics and government—20th century. 3. India—Military relations— Pakistan. 4. Pakistan—Military relations—India. I. Fair, C. Christine. II. Medby, Jamison Jo. III. Title. DS486.K3347 T45 2001 327.5491054—dc21 2001048907 RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including
  • Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World

    Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World

    Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World Introduction • 1 Rana Chhina Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World i Capt Suresh Sharma Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World Rana T.S. Chhina Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research United Service Institution of India 2014 First published 2014 © United Service Institution of India All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission of the author / publisher. ISBN 978-81-902097-9-3 Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research United Service Institution of India Rao Tula Ram Marg, Post Bag No. 8, Vasant Vihar PO New Delhi 110057, India. email: [email protected] www.usiofindia.org Printed by Aegean Offset Printers, Gr. Noida, India. Capt Suresh Sharma Contents Foreword ix Introduction 1 Section I The Two World Wars 15 Memorials around the World 47 Section II The Wars since Independence 129 Memorials in India 161 Acknowledgements 206 Appendix A Indian War Dead WW-I & II: Details by CWGC Memorial 208 Appendix B CWGC Commitment Summary by Country 230 The Gift of India Is there ought you need that my hands hold? Rich gifts of raiment or grain or gold? Lo! I have flung to the East and the West Priceless treasures torn from my breast, and yielded the sons of my stricken womb to the drum-beats of duty, the sabers of doom. Gathered like pearls in their alien graves Silent they sleep by the Persian waves, scattered like shells on Egyptian sands, they lie with pale brows and brave, broken hands, strewn like blossoms mowed down by chance on the blood-brown meadows of Flanders and France.
  • Page1final.Qxd (Page 3)

    Page1final.Qxd (Page 3)

    FRIDAY, JULY 3, 2020 (PAGE 4) DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU From page 1 All technical details prove militants killed 4 die after slipping into well CISF Commandant, 5 GREF men, 5 of one CRPF bn, 3 of family among 34 test +ve and Showket Ahmad Khan who reached at the spot and brought out itive tonight. the hotel and subjected all contacts of the country and under adminis- Ghambir Brahamana with travel civilian in Sopore: Spl DG CRPF went into the well in an attempt the youth, who had slipped into 20 Other positives of Jammu dis- of the CISF Commandant to sam- trative quarantine. history of Srinagar. blame the militants who were and he ran and was rescued by the to rescue him, also died. feet deep well. trict include 66-year-old female ple testing. All contacts of the Three persons tested positive A traveler was tested positive hiding inside the mosque and boy of the CRPF who was there and All the four were rescued from The official said on reaching from Gole Gujral, four-year-old Commandant in his hotel as well as for the virus in Rajouri district, who for COVID-19 in Ramban district. don't care about whether a child took care of him till the firing by the the well in an unconscious state the spot, first, the upper surface female child from Rehari with trav- the Unit have been isolated till their included a CRPF jawan who had Kishtwar, Reasi, Poonch and or an elderly person is there", militants continued", he said.
  • Of Grandeur and Valour: Bollywood and Indiaís Fighting Personnel 1960-2005

    Of Grandeur and Valour: Bollywood and Indiaís Fighting Personnel 1960-2005

    OF GRANDEUR AND VALOUR: BOLLYWOOD AND INDIAíS FIGHTING PERSONNEL 1960-2005 Sunetra Mitra INTRODUCTION Cinema, in Asia and India, can be broadly classified into three categoriesópopular, artistic and experimental. The popular films are commercial by nature, designed to appeal to the vast mass of people and to secure maximum profit. The artistic filmmaker while not abandoning commercial imperatives seeks to explore through willed art facets of indigenous experiences and thought worlds that are amenable to aesthetic treatment. These films are usually designated as high art and get shown at international film festivals. The experimental film directors much smaller in number and much less visible on the film scene are deeply committed to the construction of counter cinema marked by innovativeness in outlook and opposition to the establishment (Dissanayke, 1994: xv-xvi). While keeping these broad generalizations of the main trends in film- making in mind, the paper engages in a discussion of a particular type of popular/ commercial films made in Bollywood1. This again calls for certain qualifications, which better explain the purpose of the paper. The paper attempts to understand Bollywoodís portrayal of the Indian military personnel through a review of films, not necessarily war films but, rather, through a discussion of themes that have war as subject and ones that only mention the military personnel. The films the paper seeks to discuss include Haqeeqat, Border, LOC-Kargil, and Lakshya that has a direct reference to the few wars that India fought in the post-Independence era and also three Bollywood blockbusters namely Aradhana, Veer-Zara and Main Hoon Na, the films that cannot be dubbed as militaristic nor has reference to any war time scenario but nevertheless have substantial reference to the army.