Spinoff 2016 CONSUMER GOODS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
1 Lifetime of a Transient Atmosphere Produced by Lunar Volcanism O. J
Lifetime of a transient atmosphere produced by Lunar Volcanism O. J. Tucker1, R. M. Killen1, R. E. Johnson2, P. Saxena1 1NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 2University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 48109 1 Abstract. Early in the Moon’s history volcanic outgassing may have produced a periodic millibar level atmosphere (Needham and Kring, 2017). We examined the relevant atmospheric escape processes and lifetime of such an atmosphere. Thermal escape rates were calculated as a function of atmospheric mass for a range of temperatures including the effect of the presence of a light constituent such as H2. Photochemical escape and atmospheric sputtering were calculated using estimates of the higher EUV and plasma fluxes consistent with the early Sun. The often used surface Jeans calculation carried out in Vondrak (1974) is not applicable for the scale and composition of the atmosphere considered. We show that solar driven non-thermal escape can remove an early CO millibar level atmosphere on the order of ~1 Myr if the average exobase temperature is below ~ 350 – 400 K. However, if solar UV/EUV absorption heats the upper atmosphere to temperatures > ~ 400 K thermal escape increasingly dominates the loss rate, and we estimated a minimum lifetime of 100’s of years considering energy limited escape. 2 1) Introduction The possibility of harvesting water in support of manned space missions has reinvigorated interest about the inventory of volatiles on our Moon. It has a very tenuous atmosphere primarily composed of the noble gases with sporadic populations of other atoms and molecules. This rarefied envelope of gas, commonly referred to as an exosphere, is derived from the Moon’s surface and subsurface (Killen & Ip, 1999). -
Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals 2
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140002716 2019-08-29T14:36:45+00:00Z Liquid Propulsion Systems – Evolution & Advancements Launch Vehicle Propulsion & Systems LPTC Liquid Propulsion Technical Committee Rick Ballard Liquid Engine Systems Lead SLS Liquid Engines Office NASA / MSFC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, unless for course participation and to a paid course student, in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of AIAA and/or course instructor. Contact the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Professional Development Program, Suite 500, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4344 Modules 1. Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals 2. LRE Applications 3. Liquid Propellants 4. Engine Power Cycles 5. Engine Components Module 1: Rocket Propulsion TOPICS Fundamentals • Thrust • Specific Impulse • Mixture Ratio • Isp vs. MR • Density vs. Isp • Propellant Mass vs. Volume Warning: Contents deal with math, • Area Ratio physics and thermodynamics. Be afraid…be very afraid… Terms A Area a Acceleration F Force (thrust) g Gravity constant (32.2 ft/sec2) I Impulse m Mass P Pressure Subscripts t Time a Ambient T Temperature c Chamber e Exit V Velocity o Initial state r Reaction ∆ Delta / Difference s Stagnation sp Specific ε Area Ratio t Throat or Total γ Ratio of specific heats Thrust (1/3) Rocket thrust can be explained using Newton’s 2nd and 3rd laws of motion. 2nd Law: a force applied to a body is equal to the mass of the body and its acceleration in the direction of the force. -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
Development of a Reliable Performance Gas Generator of 75 Tonf-Class Liquid Rocket Engine for the Korea Space Launch Vehicle II
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2019-521 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND SPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS) Development of a Reliable Performance Gas Generator of 75 tonf-class Liquid Rocket Engine for the Korea Space Launch Vehicle II Byoungjik Lim*, Munki Kim*, Donghyuk Kang*, Hyeon-Jun Kim*, Jong-Gyu Kim*, and Hwan-Seok Choi* *Korea Aerospace Research Institute 169-84, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon, 34133, South Korea [email protected] Abstract In this paper, development history and result of a reliable performance gas generator of 75 tonf-class liquid rocket engine is described. Based on the experience acquired from the 30 tonf-class gas generator development, the almost identical concept was adopted to 75 tonf-class gas generator such as a coaxial swirl injector and a regeneratively cooled combustion chamber. During the entire development process using the full-scale and subscale technological demonstration model and development model up to now, combustion tests of over 430 times and cumulative time of over 17 700 seconds have been carried out for a 75 tonf-class gas generate. Now the 75 tonf-class fuel-rich gas generator shows very reliable and reproducible characteristics throughout the entire lifetime including the flight test which was done with the test launch vehicle in November 2018. Thus, it can be said that the development of a 75 tonf-class fuel rich gas generator which will be used in Korea first independent space launch vehicle, KSLV-II was finished successfully. 1. Introduction As a leading institute for technology which is related with space launch vehicle and a national space development agency in the Republic of KOREA, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) has been continuously researching and developing technology related to space launch vehicles since establishment in 1989. -
Materials for Liquid Propulsion Systems
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160008869 2019-08-29T17:47:59+00:00Z CHAPTER 12 Materials for Liquid Propulsion Systems John A. Halchak Consultant, Los Angeles, California James L. Cannon NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama Corey Brown Aerojet-Rocketdyne, West Palm Beach, Florida 12.1 Introduction Earth to orbit launch vehicles are propelled by rocket engines and motors, both liquid and solid. This chapter will discuss liquid engines. The heart of a launch vehicle is its engine. The remainder of the vehicle (with the notable exceptions of the payload and guidance system) is an aero structure to support the propellant tanks which provide the fuel and oxidizer to feed the engine or engines. The basic principle behind a rocket engine is straightforward. The engine is a means to convert potential thermochemical energy of one or more propellants into exhaust jet kinetic energy. Fuel and oxidizer are burned in a combustion chamber where they create hot gases under high pressure. These hot gases are allowed to expand through a nozzle. The molecules of hot gas are first constricted by the throat of the nozzle (de-Laval nozzle) which forces them to accelerate; then as the nozzle flares outwards, they expand and further accelerate. It is the mass of the combustion gases times their velocity, reacting against the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzle, which produce thrust according to Newton’s third law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. [1] Solid rocket motors are cheaper to manufacture and offer good values for their cost. -
Fastrac Engine: Understanding Technical Implications of Programmatic Decisions
Fastrac Engine: Understanding Technical Implications of Programmatic Decisions Mary Beth Koelbl Katherine Van Hooser 7/28/15 Outline I. Introduction and Objective of Presentation II. Background and Landscape A. Engine Developments B. Fastrac Origins and the Government-Led Approach C. Implementation III. Transition from Manned Space Flight to Faster Better Cheaper A. Fastrac Features B. Lessons Learned IV. Fastrac History V. Program Legacy Background and Landscape • There was significant hiring at MSFC in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. The center was immersed in Challenger Return-to-Flight and Shuttle upgrades, but little else • By the mid 1990’s, recognizing the need to train the new generation of engineers who were lacking in development expertise, MSFC management decided to take action o Propulsion and Materials management knew that engine developments were difficult and costly o They needed to create an opportunity themselves so they focused on in-house designed component technologies o Simplex Turbopump and 40k Thrust Chamber Assembly began; focused on 15 to 40k thrust applications such as Bantam Background and Landscape • In the Mid 1990s, leveraging the component technology effort, an in- house rocket engine design and development project was initiated • The Objectives were to o Demonstrate low cost engine in a faster, better, cheaper way of doing business. Including utilizing non-traditional suppliers o Give the younger propulsion engineers real hands-on hardware and cradle-to-grave design experience. • A test-bed / prototype engine design and hardware project, conducted entirely in-house, was chosen as an effective way of accomplishing these objectives • Initially envisioned a test-bed for the Bantam Booster, low cost design with a 2 Year Development; eventually became a 60k engine design First and Only Large Rocket Engine Developed in-House at NASA 4 Background and Landscape System Req. -
발사체 소형엔진용 적층제조 기술 동향 Technology Trends
Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 73-82, 2020 73 Technical Paper DOI: https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2020.24.2.073 발사체 소형엔진용 적층제조 기술 동향 이금오 a, * ․ 임병직 a ․ 김대진 b ․ 홍문근 c ․ 이기주 a Technology Trends in Additively Manufactured Small Rocket Engines for Launcher Applications Keum-Oh Lee a, * ․ Byoungjik Lim a ․ Dae-Jin Kim b ․ Moongeun Hong c ․ Keejoo Lee a a Future Launcher R&D Program Office, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea b Turbopump Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea c Launcher Propulsion Control Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Additively manufactured, small rocket engines are perhaps the focal activities of space startups that are developing low-cost launch vehicles. Rocket engine companies such as SpaceX and Rocket Lab in the United States, Ariane Group in Europe, and IHI in Japan have already adopted the additive manufacturing process in building key components of their rocket engines. In this paper on technology trends, an existing valve housing of a rocket engine is chosen as a case study to examine the feasibility of using additively manufactured parts for rocket engines. 초 록 저비용 발사체를 개발 중인 많은 스타트업들이 소형 로켓 엔진을 확보하기 위해 적층제조 기법을 개발 중이다. 또한, 미국의 SpaceX, Rocket Lab 등을 비롯하여, 유럽의 Ariane Group, 일본의 IHI와 같은 엔진 제작업체들은 로켓 엔진의 주요부품에 적층제조를 채택하여 생산하고 있다. 본 논문에서 는 적층제작기법의 타당성을 조사하기 위해서 기존 로켓 엔진의 밸브 하우징을 적층제조 하는 사례 연구 결과를 소개한다. Key Words: Additive Manufacturing(적층제조), 3D Printing(3D 프린팅), Liquid Rocket Engine(액체 로켓엔진), Thrust Chamber(연소기), Turbopump(터보펌프), Valve(밸브) 1. -
NASA's Lunar Science Program
NASA’s Lunar Science Program Dr. Kelly Snook Lunar Program Scientist, Science Mission Directorate, NASA HQ Date: February 27, 2008 Overview of Lunar Activities Science Definition and Execution (HQ: SMD) – Strategic Planning – Research & Analysis Administration – Program Direction – Robotic Science Missions • Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) • Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) • International Lunar Network (ILN) Landers • International Robotic Science Instruments Operations (HQ: SOMD) – Operations Systems and Demonstrations, such as Communications The Lunar Environment Characterization (HQ: ESMD) – Support human Lunar landing design – Support for Lunar surface mobility and habitability – Cooperation with future mission of opportunity • Fly instruments for needed data • Technology demonstrations – Robotic Missions • Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) • Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Robotic Lunar Exploration “Starting no later than 2008, initiate a series of robotic missions to the Moon to prepare for and support future human exploration activities” - Space Exploration Policy Directive (NPSD31), January 2004 • Objectives: – Environmental characterization for safe access – Global topography and targeted mapping for site selection and safety – Resource prospecting and assessment of In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) possibilities – Technology “proving ground” to enable human exploration Science Mission Directorate Lunar Activities • Lunar Missions and Instruments on Missions of Opportunity • Focused Research & Analysis (R&A) • NASA Lunar Science Institute • Lunar Science Conference Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (an Exploration Mission) • LRO is NASA’s first step in returning humans to the Moon. • Focuses on identifying safe landing sites, locates lunar resources, and studies how the lunar radiation environment will affect humans. • Will create the comprehensive atlas of the Moon’s features and resources necessary to design and build the lunar outpost. -
NRP Post Happ a Publication of NASA Research Park Winter 2009-2010
National Aeronautics and Space Administration w Year y Ne NRP Post Happ A publication of NASA Research Park Winter 2009-2010 SV STAR, Inc. brings Green Aviation Research to Ames by Diane Farrar A sleek Pipistrel Sinus motorglider sits in Ames’ Hangar N211A being prepped for modification. Its gas powered engine will be removed, and an electric motor and battery pack installed for the aircraft to fly solely on electric power. This electric conversion is the first step in a new collaborative green aviation research effort between NASA Ames, Stanford University and Silicon Valley Space Technology & Applied Research, Inc. (SV STAR). SV STAR was co-founded by San Gunawardana, currently completing his PhD in Aerospace Engineering at Stanford, and Photo Courtesy Charles Barry, Santa Clara University Photo Courtesy Charles Barry, NASA Research Park partner Andrew Gold. SV STAR pur- CREST Santa Clara University students (L-R): Mike Rasay, Paul Mahacek, Jose Acain, Ignacio Mas chased the Pipistrel in August 2009 to support the joint venture’s first green aviation research project. SV STAR chose the Pip- From the Surf to Above the Earth - Students Conduct istrel aircraft for its efficiency and flexibility as a test platform. Pipistrels have won several green aviation competitions in the Missions at NRP’s Center for Robotic Exploration past, including the NASA sponsored CAFE (Comparative Air- and Space Technologies craft Flight Efficiency Foundation) competitions for efficiency by Dr. Christopher Kitts, Director, CREST and noise pollution. The Center for Robotic Exploration and Space Technologies “We are creating a rich environment for applied research and the development (CREST) students have been active this past year, conducting a wide of very interesting technology,” said Gold. -
Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley!
NASAAmes PublicResearch Private Center Partnerships in Silicon Valley! ! NASA and Public Private Partnerships Gary Martin Director, New Venture and Communication! Ames Research Center! 2! Ames Overview - 1/2007! NASAAmes PublicResearch Private Center Partnerships in Silicon Valley! ! " !NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC [Management] # Management over the space flight centers, research centers, and other installations that constitute NASA! " " Ames Research Center, California [Research] # Research geared towards creating new knowledge and new technologies that span the spectrum of NASA interests! " " Dryden Flight Research Center, California [Research]# Lead for flight research ! ! Glenn Research Center, Ohio [Research]# Develops and transfers critical technologies for aeronautics, aerospace, and space applications! ! Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland [Mission] # Expand knowledge on the Earth and its environment, the solar system, and the universe through space observations! ! Jet Propulsion Laboratory [Mission] # Managed by the California Institute of Technology is lead center for robotic exploration of the Solar System.! 3! Ames Overview - 1/2007! NASAAmes PublicResearch Private Center Partnerships in Silicon Valley! ! ! Johnson Space Center [Mission] # Leads NASA's effort in Human Space Exploration! ! Kennedy Space Center [Launch Operations] # Preparing and launching missions around the Earth and beyond! ! Langley Research Center [Research] # Aviation and space research for aerospace, atmospheric sciences, and technology commercialization -
NASA Ames Research Center Intelligent Systems and High End Computing
NASA Ames Research Center Intelligent Systems and High End Computing Dr. Eugene Tu, Director NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 A 80-year Journey 1960 Soviet Union United States Russia Japan ESA India 2020 Illustration by: Bryan Christie Design Updated: 2015 Protecting our Planet, Exploring the Universe Earth Heliophysics Planetary Astrophysics Launch missions such as JWST to Advance knowledge unravel the of Earth as a Determine the mysteries of the system to meet the content, origin, and universe, explore challenges of Understand the sun evolution of the how it began and environmental and its interactions solar system and evolved, and search change and to with Earth and the the potential for life for life on planets improve life on solar system. elsewhere around other stars earth “NASA Is With You When You Fly” Safe, Transition Efficient to Low- Growth in Carbon Global Propulsion Operations Innovation in Real-Time Commercial System- Supersonic Wide Aircraft Safety Assurance Assured Ultra-Efficient Autonomy for Commercial Aviation Vehicles Transformation NASA Centers and Installations Goddard Institute for Space Studies Plum Brook Glenn Research Station Independent Center Verification and Ames Validation Facility Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center Headquarters Jet Propulsion Wallops Laboratory Flight Facility Armstrong Flight Research Center Langley Research White Sands Center Test Facility Stennis Marshall Space Kennedy Johnson Space Space Michoud Flight Center Space Center Center Assembly Center Facility -
Section 3 Report Executive Order 13287 Fiscal Years 2009-2011
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Section 3 Report Executive Order 13287 Fiscal Years 2009-2011 www.nasa.gov Crowds flock to watch the last flight of the Space Shuttle Program with the launch of Atlantis on July 8, 2011. Abbreviations for NASA Centers: ARC Ames Research Center DFC Dryden Flight Center GDSCC Goldstrone Deep Space Communication Complex GRC Glen Research Center GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JSC Johnson Space Center KSC Kennedy Space Center LaRC Langley Research Center MAF Michoud Assembly Facility MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center PBS Plum Brook Station SSFL Santa Susana Field Laboratory SSC Stennis Scpace Center WFF Walllops Flight Facility WSTF White Sands Test Facility INTRODUCTION This report is submitted to the Advisory Council on His- toric Preservation (ACHP) by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in compliance with Executive Order (EO) 13287, Preserve America. Sec- tion 3 of EO 13287 requires NASA to submit a triennial report on its progress in identifying, protecting, and us- ing historic properties in the Agency’s ownership. This is NASA’s fourth report, the second triennial report, to be submitted. The report responds to the 18 questions posed by the ACHP in its “Advisory Guidelines Imple- menting Executive Order 13287, Preserve America” and reports progress made by NASA toward the EO goals. NASA continues to make strides in its stewardship re- sponsibilities as the cultural resources management and historic preservation program matures. Over the past 3 years, our Cultural Resources Management Panel has finalized the internal NASA Procedural Requirements that will guide Agency personnel across the country Submitted by NASA Headquarters in meeting NASA’s cultural resource stewardship re- 300 E Street SW sponsibilities.