000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CHAPTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RESEARCH 0 0 0 0 METHODOLOGY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 CHAPTER - 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 INTRODUTION

The detail data related to ASSSs were systematically available with the societies. The data of the last ten years was relevantly useful for setting the trend and analysis. was selected for research work. The total numbers of ASSSs in the district were 26 out of which one was closed. To cover the study 12 sample ASSSs out of 25 ASSSs in operating position in the Pune

district and 150 members from these sample ASSSs were randomly selected to ascertain the impact of the ASSSs through Annual Audit Report, Questionnaire

and interview technique.

2.2) Choice of the Topic:

The co-operatives have become inevitable in the socio-economic life of

the people not only in but also across the world. The researcher being

interested in the study of co-operative movement in India was having many categories of societies before him for study. However, apart from the growing important role of the co-operative type organization being played by in many economic aspects, its contribution in the service of Tribal people in India. The present study, “FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ADIVASI SEVA SAHAKARI SANSTHAS IN POONA DISTRICT” is first of its kind. This has prompted the

researcher to choose for his study the co-operative sector which is in the service

of Tribal in India.

42 2.3) Scope of the study:

The present study "FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ADIVASI SEVA

SAHAKARI SANSTHAS IN POONA DISTRICT (1995-96 to 2004-05)" is the first of its kind. The present study is most significant because it will throw light on many important issues related to the ADIVASHI SEVA SAHAKARI

SANSTHAS (ASSSs) functioning in Junnar, Ambegaon, and Khed Talukas of Pune District. There are 26 ASSSs in Pune District. included 10 ASSSs, included 10 ASSSs and included 6

ASSSs. The quantitative growth of the ASSSs. has generated many problems in their management. Therefore in the recent years many of the ASSSs are facing acute problems of Management. However there are some ASSSs who are most successful and have proved to be ideal for rural population. Such extremes have prompted the researcher to study into the following important aspects of the ASSSs.

a) The general problems faced by the ASSSs in the rural areas.

b) The weakness and the strengths of the selected ASSSs in rural areas. c) The scope for the improvement of the Management perfomiances of the

ASSSs.

The present study is most significant because it will tlirow light on many important issues related to the ASSSs. functioning in Junnar, Ambegaon, and Khed Talukas of pune District. This study will definitely come out with the listing of constraints, difficulties and achievements of the ASSSs. The suggestions to improve the overall performance of these ASSSs conclusions of this study will be advantageously used to improve the performances of the ASSSs in the Country, State and Districts in general and in Junnar, Ambegaon and Khed Talukas in particular. The study covers administrative structure and functioning process. Management performances of ASSSs and benefits of ASSSs to the tribal people throughout the Pune district over the period (1995-

96 to 2004-05).

43 2.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The study is mainly concerned with an investigation into the accounting and financial control procedures that are employed in ASSSs. in Pune District. The study is designed to highlight the following specific objectives.

1) To analyze and examine financial position of Adivasi Seva Sahakari Sansthas in Pune District and find out whether accounting statement can be used for financial control with proper analysis.

2) To study the growth and future prospects of the ASSSs. 3) To ascertain the methods of financial control in ASSSs. and to examine how far they are useful in ensuring financial control. 4) To evaluate the effectiveness of the methods of financial control by

applying ratio analysis technique. 5) To study the loan disbursement pattern, loan recovery and overdue of ASSSs. and find out whether members are satisfied with the services

provided by these ASSSs. 6) To study and understand the working organization and management

pattern of ASSSs. 7) To study the audit problems faced by the auditors appointed by the Registrar and find out whether auditor point out the control on Assets

and Liabilities. 8) To elicit the opinion of office bearers and auditors about the deficiencies

in accounting and financial controls. 9) To study the structure of interest rates on loans offered to the members and Multi purpose services provided by ASSSs. in rural area.

10) To find out the shortcomings and bottle necks in the working of ASSSs

.and suggest measures for improving the efficiency of the ASSSs. 11) To study the Accounting record of Adivasi Seva Sahakari Sansthas.

44 2.5 HYPOTHESIS:

Hypothesis is usually considered as the principle instrument in research. Its main function is to suggest new experiments and observations. In fact, many experiments are carried out with the deliberate object of testing hypothesis. Ordinarily, when one talks about hypothesis, one simply means a mere assumption or some supposition to be proved or disproved. But for a researcher, hypothesis is a formal question that he intends to resolve. So in the light of the above objectives, the researcher desires to test following statements of Hypothesis through this study.

I) “The financial performance of the Adivasi Seva Sahakari Sansthas in Pune District is satisfactory; however, there is a scope for improving the performance."

H) “Adivasi Seva Sahakari Sansthas maintain Accounting record as per Accounting norms of Co- Operative Society Act.”

2.6 RESEARCH DESIGN:

Research design is the heart as well as brain to complete any research

work. Without research design no research work can be completed. Research

design is the guideline and road to completion of the Research project on sound

footing and to carry out the work of collection and observations. The researcher

has adopted following chart of Research Design to complete his research work

which are of more significant in the study.

45 CHART-2 .1

RESEARCH DESIGN

PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA a) Selection of sample | b) Questionnaires A) Internal Sources B) External Sources c) Field visits a) Annual Reports of ASSSs a) Published Information d) Interviews b) Audit Reports of ASSSs b) Professional Journals e) Observations c) Profit and Loss Accounts c) Govt. Periodicals

d) Balance Sheets of ASSSs d) R.B.l. Bulletin, e) By Laws of ASSSs e) Magazines on Co-operation f) Silver / Golden Jubilee f) Library Work. Publications of the ASSSs. G) Newspapers.

ANALYSISA^ D INTERPRETATION

1) Tabulation 2) Classification 3) Simple Average 4)Diagrams and Graphs 5) Correlation 6) Regression 7) Comparison 8) Ratio Analysis etc.

PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS.

SUMMARY. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

46 2.7 Selection of Sample: A) Sample size: The present study was carried out in three tahsils namely Khed, Ambegaon and Junnar of Pune district in the State of . There were 26 Adivasi Seva Sahakari Sansthas in Pune District working in Junnar,

Ambegaon and khed Talukas. Out of them 25 ASSS are now in operating position and one ASSS is in non-operating position.

T able-2 .1

Adivasi Seva Sahakari Sansthas Selected for study (1995-96 to 2004-05) Sr.No Taluka Block Total No No of ASSS Selected O f ASSS. for study 1 Junnar Junnar 6 3 Madh 4 2

2 Ambegaon Dimbhe 5 2

Shinoli 4 2

3 Khed Dehane 6 3

25 12

% 100% 48% (Source: Annual Audit Report and questionnaires)

While selecting the ASSSs due weight age have been given to the factor like Size, Share Capital, the period of standing. Success story or failure story of the society and proportion in the total number of ASSS in the Taluka. In all 12

ASSS out of 25 total operating ASSS have been randomly selected from three different talukas as given in above table for detailed inquiry. The numbers of ASSS selected for the study constitute about 48% of total ASSSs.

47 The researcher selected 150 members from 12 sample ASSSs for the data collection. While selecting members random sample method was used and 2.3% of total members of the ASSSs were selected as sample. Data was gathered using interview schedule from 150 members of the 12 sample ASSSs speared over various villages. This represented fair sample for the Pune District as whole. The random sample constituent’s fully tribal concentrated area.

Table 2.1 presents block and village wise number of interview schedules administered by the researcher.

Table - 2.2 Block & Village wise No. of Schedules Administered Sr. T aluka Block Village Total Sample No M em bers M em bers 2.3% 1. Junnar 1 )Junnar l)Uchhil 444 10 2) Inglun 454 10 3) Khangaon 417 09 2) Madh 1) Madh 961 22 2) Pimpalgaon Joga 213 05 2. Ambegaon 1) ShinoU l)Pimpalgaon ghode 559 13 2) Sal 635 14 2) Dimbhe 1) Taleghar 920 21 2) Tirpad 406 09

Khed 1) Dehane 1) Dehane 726 16 3. 2) Moroshi 558 13 3) Sendurli 382 08 Total 6675 150 (Source: Annual Audit Report and questionnaires.)

2.8 Collection of Primary data:

B) Questionnaires: Two sets of interview schedules were prepared to collect detailed information for research work.

48 i) Questionnaires: I Set

First set was prepared only for the Secretaries, Employees and ASSS. To elicit the opinion of the employees and secretaries about the ASSS, Facilities provided by ASSS, like Training, Allowances, Traveling Allowances, Bonus, Provident fiind facilities and salary paid by ASSS etc. Schedule also contained information regarding Name and date of Registration of ASSS.

Total number of members, Share Capital, Reserve Fund, Deposits, Loans and

Advances, Overdue, Rate of Interest, Employees of the ASSS, their service conditions. Audit class and Rectification Report etc. The researcher handed over questiormaires to the Secretaries of 12 sample ASSSs in their office personally. ii) Interview Schedule: II Set Second set of questionnaire was prepared only for the members of ASSS for finding out the finance provided by ASSS. These questionnaires were personally administered by the researcher from the selected members of ASSS. This questionnaire contained infonnation regarding Name, Address, Date of membership. Social status, Annual income. Loan limit, Interest Rate, Benefits received by becoming a member of ASSS, Services provided by the ASSS to its members. Working of ASSS, Problems faced by the ASSS,

Expectation from ASSS etc. 2.3% of total members i.e. 150 Members from sample ASSSs were selected randomly. These questionnaires were personally administered by the researcher from the 150 selected members of ASSSs.

C) Field visits: In addition to the above tecliniques of data collection. Field visits were also arranged to know the actual functioning and services provided by the sample ASSSs.

D) Interviews: The focus group interview technique was applied for collecting the opinions from the auditors, The A.R’s., D.D.R’s., Personal

49 interviews and meetings with the management of the ASSSs. Officials of Pune

District central Co-operative credit Bank Limited, were conducted regarding various issues under study.

E) Observations: The observation method was also applied by attending Annual General Meetings (AGMs) and by giving visits to ASSSs to observe day to day working. The researcher spent one full day in each ASSS to observe its working. The researcher personally visited Tribal Villages to know about their culture, their habits, their markets and their difficulties were observed personally. The information collected by observation method was especially useful in following respects. 1) It helped researcher to observe the weaknesses and strengths of different ASSSs. 2) It helped researcher to observe the day to day working of the Asss, and more especially the different practices followed by the different ASSSs. 3) It helped researcher to know the difficulties of members. 4) It was useful for researcher to identify the difficulties of the directors and the staff in running the ASSS. This observation helped a lot to understand and analyse the problem on real life. All these methods enabled the researcher to discuss different aspects comprehensively from multiple angles to give a holistic picture.

2.9 COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA: - The secondary data for study was collected by using documentary sources. A) Internal Sources: For detailed information of the ASSS their Annual Reports, Audit Reports, Profit and loss Accounts, Balance Sheet, By Laws, Silver / Golden Jubilee publications and official records were used. B) External Sources : Published material such as Government periodicals, Professional Journals, R.B.I. Bulletin, Magazines on Co-operation, Library work, News papers, Official and Statistics Published by Bureau of Statistics wherever relevant have been used for the study. To collect secondary data the researcher have used the following library facilities available at Jaikar library

University of Pune, Vaikunth Meheta National Institute of Co-operative

50 Management of Pune, Gokliale Institute of Economic Pune, B.M.C.C. Pune-4.

Annasaheb Magar College, Hadapsar. Pune- 28. Prof Ramkrishna More Arts Commerce & Science College, Akurdi. Pune - 44.

2.10 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA: First of all researcher collected the financial statements from the ASSS of last 10 years. Researcher collected such financial statements initially from 12 ASSS, in Junnar, Ambegaon and Khed Talukas. An analysis is made with reference to the research problem at hand and with reference to the hypothesis to be tested. For analysis and interpretation of data the researcher has used the following statistical methods.

1) Tabulation 2) classification 3) Simple Average 4) Comparison 5) Correlation 6) Regression 7) Diagrams and Graphs

The researcher also used Management Accounting Technique of Ratio analysis wherever necessary. This technique helped to study the causes of failure and success of the ASSS. On the basis of results the researcher has gone for collecting, primary data by including appropriate and only necessary questions in the different questionnaires.

2.11 LIKELY CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEARCH - Since no research work on the topic has been undertaken so far i.e. Financial Analysis of Adivashi Seva Sahakari Sansthas in Pune District for, the period under review. The researcher is sure that the work will be useful for the development of adivasi seva sahakari sansthas in Pune District. It will throw light on many important issues relating to ASSS functioning in Junnar,

Ambegaon and Khed Talukas of Pune District. This study will definitely come out with the listing of constraints, difficulties and achievements of ASSS, the suggestions, to improve the overall performance of ASSSs. The conclusions of this study will be advantageously used to improve the performance of the ASSSs in Pune District, State of Maharashtra and in India.

51 2.12 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: The present study is concerned with the tribal people of Pune District, those who are scattered over large areas. It is a hilly area, having variety of customs, tribes, culture, economic and social status. Due to above mention features the study has certain limitations.

1) Period of study is only from 1995-96 to 2004-05 for generalization of the findings.

2) The chosen survey area is Pune District and sample ASSSs were selected from three Talukas.

3) The questionnaire is prepared in Marathi because respondents know Marathi only. 4) The finding is based on the ability of respondents to the inquiries of the

researcher. The respondents were very shy to answer the questions because they feel that their true information may curtail the concessions and benefits. A small number of respondents might not have understood the objective of the study and may not have responded honestly. This could have lead to a marginal statistical error. However due care was

taken to keep the degree of error within limits.

2.13 CHAPTER SCHEME OF THE STUDY: The present study “Financial Analysis of Adivashi Seva sahakari Sansthas In Pune District” is divided in eight chapters. The content in each chapter in brief, are as below.

Chapter: 1 Introduction and History of Co-operative Movement:- This chapter deals with Introduction and History of Co-operative Movement in

India and abroad

52 Chapter: 2 Research Methodology : This chapter deals with Introduction, Choice of the topic, Scope of the study. Objective of study, Hypothesis, Selection of Sample Research Design, The method of data collection analysis interpretation and Presentation, Likely contribution of the research, Limitations of the study and Chapter Scheme

Chapter: 3 Origin, Development and Status of ASSS: This chapter regards the origin, growth and development of ASSS. It also focuses on study of the objects. Function, Management, Loan operations. Non-credit activities, and welfare activities of ASSS.

Chapter: 4 Financial Analysis of working of Sample ASSS:-This chapter is an attempt to review financial status of the ASSSs in Pune district.

Chapter: 5- Ratio Analysis of ASSS: This chapter discusses the various type of Ratio Analysis of the sample ASSS which depicts financial efficiency of the sample ASSS.

Chapter: 6- Growth of ASSS A Micro Study: In this chapter the researcher presented case studies of two ASSSs.

Chapter: 7- Socio Economic Condition of Sample Member Households: In this chapter the researcher presented Socio-Economic background of the respondents study.

Chapter: 8- Summary Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings that emerged from the study along with the Suggestions, for possible improvement presented in this chapter.

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