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JANÁ ČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UM ĚNÍ V BRN Ě Hudební fakulta Katedra strunných nástroj ů Hra na housle KRONOS QUARTET Diplomová práce Autor práce: BcA. Lenka Koplová Oponent práce: Mgr. Pavel Wallinger Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Miloš Schnierer Brno 2012 Bibliografický záznam KOPLOVÁ, Lenka. Kronos Quartet [Kronos Quartet]. Brno: Janá čkova akademie múzických um ění v Brn ě, Hudební fakulta, Katedra strunných nástroj ů, 2012. 50 s. PhDr. Miloš Schnierer. Anotace Má magisterská práce je v ěnována Kronos Quartet, historii souboru a biografii jeho člen ů. Dále se v ní zmi ňuji o vztazích kvarteta ke skladatel ům, po četné diskografii, koncertech, u nichž se zam ěř uji p ředevším na festival Struny podzimu, o cenách, které Kronos Quartet získal, o projektu Under 30 a Uniko a o jejich r ůzných pohledech na hudbu samotnou. Do své práce jsem také za řadila v rámci kapitoly „Kronos Quartet v obrazech“ množství fotografií, nebo ť vizuální složka je nejen nezbytným, ale p římo st ěžejn ě rozvíjejícím prvkem jejich záb ěru. Annotation My Master’s thesis discusses about Kronos Quartet, history of this quartet and biography of members. This thesis discusses about relatonship of quartet to composers, numerous discography, concerts – above all festival „Strings of Autumn“, about awards, which Kronos Quartet ever won, about projects „Under 30“ and „Uniko“ and about their other attitude to music. Also in chapter „Kronos Quartet in pictures“ I used many photographies , because vizual element is very difficult aspect of their express. Klí čová slova Kronos Quartet, biografie, diskografie, skladatelé, ocen ění, vizuální hudba Keywords Kronos Quartet, biography, discography, composers, awards, vizual music - 2 - Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem p ředkládanou práci zpracovala samostatn ě a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. V Brn ě, dne 30. dubna 2012 Lenka Koplová - 3 - Obsah Úvod .................................................................................................................................. - 5 - 1. Historie souboru a biografie člen ů kvarteta .............................................................. - 6 - 1.1. Historie .............................................................................................................. - 6 - 1.2. Biografie ............................................................................................................ - 8 - 2. Kronos Quartet a skladatelé .................................................................................... - 12 - 2.1. Důležití skladatelé ........................................................................................... - 12 - 2.1.1. Terry Riley .................................................................................................. - 12 - 2.1.2. Steve Reich.................................................................................................. - 14 - 2.1.3. Philip Glass ................................................................................................. - 18 - 2.1.4. Arvo Pärt ..................................................................................................... - 18 - 2.2. Ostatní skladatelé ............................................................................................ - 19 - 3. Diskografie .............................................................................................................. - 20 - 3.1. Přehled diskografie ......................................................................................... - 20 - 4. Kronos Quartet - Koncerty a ocen ění...................................................................... - 30 - 4.1. Koncerty .......................................................................................................... - 30 - 4.2. Koncerty tuzemské ........................................................................................... - 30 - 4.2.1. Ceny, ocen ění a nominace........................................................................... - 35 - 5. Projekty Kronos Quartet ......................................................................................... - 39 - 5.1. Nadace ‘Kronos: Under 30 Project’ ............................................................... - 39 - 5.2. Projekt ‘Uniko’................................................................................................ - 40 - 6. Kronos Quartet v obrazech (p řenesen ě i doslova) .................................................. - 42 - 6.1. Vizual Music – Vizuální hudba ....................................................................... - 42 - 6.2. Kronos Quartet v obrazech ............................................................................. - 43 - Záv ěr ............................................................................................................................... - 46 - Seznam pramen ů a literatury ....................................................................................................- 47- Seznam p říloh…………………………………………………………………………. - 49 - - 4 - Úvod První skladbou, kterou jsem od Kronos Quartet v roce 2001 slyšela, byla skladba George Crumba 1 Black Angels 2. Vzpomínám, že tato skladba na m ě p říliš nezap ůsobila a o Kronos Quartet jsem se dále nezajímala. Postupem času jsem slyšela další nahrávky Kronos Quartet s jednoduššími (ne tak náro čnými jako je práv ě Black Angels ) a líbiv ějšími skladbami. Zásadní skladbou pro m ě bylo Adagio 3 Samuela Barbera 4. Nemyslím, že to bylo tím, že Adagio je nádherná skladba sama o sob ě, ale musí být zahrána tak, aby poslucha če oslovila. Ne jen odehrána. A Kronos Quartet ji hrají jedine čně. Zajímala jsem se o to, jestli hrají vše tak procít ěně, jako tuto skladbu a došla jsem k záv ěru, že tomu tak opravdu je. Cílem mé práce je vytvo řit jakési ‚souhrnné dílo‘ o Kronos Quartetu v češtin ě, protože o tomto seskupení nebylo doposud nic podobného napsáno v češtin ě ani v ostatních jazycích. Ani skupina samotná si není jista, zda v budoucnu bude nějaká autobiografická kniha publikována. Z výše uvedených d ůvod ů jsem při své práci tedy čerpala p ředevším z internetové sít ě. Na české části internetu však bylo jen n ěkolik málo článk ů, které navíc vycházely z podobných pramen ů a zdroj ů. Musela jsem se tedy obrátit na část sv ětovou, cizojazy čnou, kde bylo materiálu o poznání více, by ť i tam se projevovalo částečné opakování. Dále jsem čerpala z časopis ů jako nap ř. HisVoice, Reflex a také z video záznam ů VHS a DVD. Při shromaž ďování materiál ů jsem se setkala s již zmi ňovanými problémy, které se týkají stejnorodosti článk ů, recenzí apod. Zdá se, že těleso udržuje částe čné informa ční embargo, a se sv ětem komunikuje vícemén ě pomocí tiskových zpráv a prohlášení. 1 George Henry Crumb - americký skladatel, nar. 24. 10. 1929 v Charlestonu, West Virginia. Studoval na Mason College of Music v Charlestonu a od roku 1950 získal mnoho titul ů. 2 Black Angels – velmi neortodoxní práce inspirovaná vietnamskou válkou, ve které se objevují také elektronické efekty a mluvené slovo. 3 Adagio – původn ě napsáno jako 2. v ěta smy čcového kvarteta roku 1936, ale v pr ůběhu dvou let jej Samuel Barber zaranžoval pro smy čcový orchestr. V této form ě – pro smy čcový orchestr – se Adagio stalo nejen jeho nejznám ějším dílem, ale stalo se také neoficiální americkou smute ční hymnou, hranou po smrti prezident ů Roosvelta a Kennedyho. 4 Samuel Barber narozen 9. 3. 1910, West Chester,Pensylvania, USA - 5 - 1. Historie souboru a biografie člen ů kvarteta 1.1. Historie Bude tomu tém ěř čty řicet let, co Kronos Quartet – David Harrington (1. housle), John Sherba (2. housle), Hank Dutt (viola) a Jeffrey Zeigler (violoncello) – sledují neoby čejnou um ěleckou vizi kombinující ducha odvážného objevování a závazek rozši řovat záb ěr a kontext smy čcového kvarteta. B ěhem tohoto procesu se Kronos stali jedním z nejvíce oslavovaných a vlivných soubor ů naší doby. Odehráli tisíce koncert ů po celém sv ětě, vydali více než padesát nahrávek charakteristických neuv ěř itelnou ší ří stylového záb ěru a kreativitou, na kterých spolupracovali s mnoha autory a um ělci, nahráli stovky prací a skladeb pro smy čcové kvarteto. Shromáždili také mnoho cen v četn ě Grammy za nejlepší koncert komorní hudby (1994) a Hudebníky roku (2003) od Musical America. Dobrodružný p řístup Kronos Quartetu se datuje již od po čátk ů souboru. K založení tohoto seskupení byl David 1 - zleva: Sherba, Zeigler, Harrington, Dutt Harrington inspirován již v roce 1973. Harrington vyr ůstající ve m ěst ě Seattle ve stát ě Washington stejn ě jako ostatní teenage ři na za čátku šedesátých let dvacátého století miloval stav ění raketových lodí, byl fascinován smy čcovými kvartety, ale zárove ň i energií populární hudby. Když mu hrozil odvod na vojnu, p řihlásil se do orchestru v Kanad ě. Po svém návratu do Seattlu uslyšel v rádiu dojemn ě ritualistickou protivále čnou píse ň od George Crumba 5 Black Angels 6. Byly v ní tak zvláštní zvuky, že si nejd říve ani nep řipoušt ěl, že by to mohla být hudba pro smy čcový kvartet, ale cítil obrovskou touhu tuto píse ň hrát. Jak řekl David Harrington na záznamu videokazety: „Po poslechu Black Angels jsem v ěděl, jakou muziku chci hrát.“ 7 Kronos Quartet pak za čali stav ět vybraný repertoár pro smy čcové kvarteto, když hráli a nahrávali materiál od mistr ů dvacátého století (Béla Bartók, Dmitrij Dmitrijevi č Šostakovi č, Anton Webern a další), sou časných skladatel ů (Sofia 5 George Henry Crumb - americký skladatel, nar. 24. 10. 1929 v Charlestonu, West Virginia. Studoval na Mason College of Music
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  • 2011 Next Wave Festival SEP 2011

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    2011 Next Wave Festival SEP 2011 Donald Baechler, Red + Blue Rose (detail), 2011 BAM 2011 Next Wave Festival sponsor Published by: BAM 2011 Next Wave Festival Brooklyn Academy of Music presents Alan H. Fishman, Chairman of the Board William I. Campbell, Vice Chairman of the Board Awakening: Adam E. Max, Vice Chairman of the Board A Musical Meditation Karen Brooks Hopkins, President on the Anniversary of 9/11 Joseph V. Melillo, Executive Producer BAM Howard Gilman Opera House Sep 21—24, 2011 at 7:30pm Approximate running time: 90 minutes, no intermission Kronos Quartet Violin David Harrington Violin John Sherba Viola Hank Dutt Cello Jeffrey Zeigler With special guest Brooklyn Youth Chorus, conducted by Dianne Berkun Scenic and lighting design by Laurence Neff Audio engineer Brian Mohr Technical associate Calvin Ll. Jones Awakening was first performed on September 11, 2006, at Herbst Theatre in San Francisco, California. BAM 2011 Next Wave Festival sponsor The 2011 Richard B. Fisher Next Wave Award honors the Kronos Quartet and its production of Awakening. Leadership support for the Next Wave Festival is provided by The Ford Foundation. Leadership support for Awakening provided by Goldman Sachs Gives at the recommendation of R. Martin Chavez. Awakening A Musical Meditation on the Anniversary of 9/11 I. Dmitri Yanov-Yanovsky Awakening* (Uzbekistan) Unknown (arr. Ljova & Kronos) Oh Mother, the Handsome Man Tortures Me+ (Iraq) Traditional (arr. Jacob Garchik) Lullaby+ (Iran) Ram Narayan (arr. Kronos, transc. Ljova) Raga Mishra Bhairavi: Alap+ (India) II. Einstürzende Neubauten Armenia+ (Germany) (arr. Paola Prestini & Kronos) John Oswald Spectre* (Canada) Michael Gordon Selections from The Sad Park* (United States) Part 1 two evil planes broke in little pieces and fire came Part 4 and all the persons that were in the airplane died III.
  • Kronos Quartet

    Kronos Quartet

    I::)AIVI bill Brooklyn Academy of Music 1996 Next Wave Festival Jim Dine, The Heart of BAM, 1996, Woodcut, 26-1/4" x 19-3/8" Kronos Quartet BAM 1996 Next Wave Festival and 135th Anniversary Season are sponsored by Philip Morris Companies Inc. The Brooklyn Academy of Music Bruce C. Ratner Chairman of the Board Harvey Lichtenstein President & Executive Producer presents Kronos Qua rtet David Harrington-violin Hank Dutt-viola John Sherba-violin Joan Jeanrenaud-cello BAM Carey Playhouse Running time: Aural Histories Medieval to Modern American Mavericks approximately two November 13 at 7pm November 15 at 8pm November 16 at 8pm hours per program, including intermission Ken Benshoof Ben Johnston John Zorn St. Francis Climbs Mt. Amazing Grace Cat 0' Nine Tails* Diablo (on His Way to Harry Partch Mark Feldman Heaven) *:1: (Arr. Ben Johnston) Resident Alien* 0 Jack Body Two Studies on Ancient Tim Berne Arum Manis * Greek Scales:t Dry Ink, Silence* 0 Mo Wuping 1.0Iympos' Pentatonic Lois V Vierk Village Ritua/:l: 2.Archytas'Enharmonk River Beneath the Istvan Marta Arvo Part / Psalom:l: River* Doom. A Sigh* Perotin (Arr. Kronos) Jon Hassell Viderunt Omnes t:l: Intermission Pano da Costa Judith Shatin Terry Riley (Cloth from the Coast) * Elijah's Chariot * :I: Cadenza on the Night Intermission Intermission Plain * Osvaldo Golijov Hildegard of Bingen/ The Dreams and Gerard McBurney Prayers of Isaac the Karitas Habundat t:l: * Written for Kronos Blind with special Henry Purcell tArranged for Kronos guest David Krakauer, Four Part Fantasia #2 :I: New York Premiere clarinets (June 11, 1680) o World Premiere John Cage (Arr.