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Oligella Urethralis Comb INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, July 1987, p. 198-210 Vol. 37, No. 3 0020-7713/87/030198-13$02 .OO/O Copyright 0 1987, International Union of Microbiological Societies Oligella, a New Genus Including Oligella urethralis comb. nov. (Formerly Moraxella urethralis) and Oligella ureolytica sp. nov. (Formerly CDC Group IVe): Relationship to Taylorella equigenitalis and Related Taxa R. ROSSAU,l K. KERSTERS,l E. FALSEN,* E. JANTZEN,3 P. SEGERS,l A. UNION,l L. NEHLS,2 AND J. DE LEY1* Laboratorium voor Microbiologie en Microbiele Genetica, Rijksuniversiteit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium’; Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Goteborg, S-41346 Giiteborg, Sweden2; and Department of Methodology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway3 The taxonomic relationships of Moraxella urethralis, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group IVe, Tayldrellu equigenitalis, and other grambnegative bacteria were studied by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins, and serological, biochemical, and auxanographic anrilyses. A high relationship was detected between M. urethralis and the CDC group IVe strains. However, no relationship of M. urethralis and CDC group IVe with genuine Moraxella species was obsek-ved. We describe a new genus, Oligella, containing two species: Oligella urethralis (to accommodate Moraxella urethralis) and Oligella ureolytica (to accommodate CDC group IVe strains). The type species is Oligella urethralis, with type strain ATCC 17960T. The type strain of Oligella ureolytica is CDC C379 (ATCC 43534, CCUG 1465, LMG 6519). Oligella is a member of rRNA superfamily 111, containing, e.g., the Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas solandcearum complexes and Chromdbacterium, Janthisobacterium, and Neisseria species. The closest relatives of Oligella species are Taylorella equigenitalis and the Alcaligenaceae family. Moraxella urethralis strains are coccobacillary, aerobic, of M. urethralis and CDC group IVe was likewise observed gram-negative nonmotile bacteria, predominantly isolated by the systematic use of immunotyping during the last 15 from human urine. They are considered as commensals of years at the Culture Collection of the University of Goteborg the genitourethral tract, and in some rare cases they can be (CCUG), Goteborg, Sweden. involved in infections. Their role in pathogenicity is proba- In the present study, different methods were used to bly low. The species was first described by Lautrop et al. unravel the taxonomic relationships between the above- (28), who clearly stated that allocation in the genus Morax- mentioned taxa and other possibly related species. A new ella was only a matter of convenience. At present, the genus, Oligella, is proposed to accommodate Moraxella taxonomic status of M. urethralis is still doubtful, and in urethralis Lautrop, B@vre, and Frederiksen 1970 (28) as Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology (2) this taxon is Oligella urethralis comb. nov., and CDC group IVe as included as a species incertae sedis in the genus Moraxella. Oligella ureolytica sp. nov. Taylorella equigenitalis and strains assigned by the Cen- ters for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga., to group IVe MATERIALS AND METHODS equi- are also bacterial taxa of uncertain affiliation. T. Bacterial strains and media. The strains used are listed in genitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, HaemophiluS equigenitalis Table 1. They were routinely cultured on heart infusion agar was formerly known as Taylor, (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), riutrient agar (Oxoid Rosenthal, Brown, Lapage, Hill, and Legros 1978 (37) and T. Taylorella Ltd., London, United Kingdom) or horse blood agar. rekently allocated to a new genus, Sugimato, equigenitalis was grown under microaerophilic conditions in Isayama, Sakazaki, arid Kuramochi 1983 (35). CDC group a jar on heart infusion agar or on chocolate agar in a CO;! IVe organisms are isolated from human urine with a much incubator at 37°C. Heat-killed cells (15 min at 70°C) of M. smaller frequency than is M. urethralis. Their pathogenicity urethralis NCTC 11008 and T. equigenitalis NCTC 11184T is not yet clear. Phenotypically, CDC group IVe strains Alcaligenes Bordetella were kindly provided by W. Mannheim (Institut fur resemble some species, some spe- Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Klinikum der Philipps- cies, and CDC group IVc-2 strains (33). However, prelimi- Universitat, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany). Some nary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-ribosomal ribonucleic additional reference strains were used in DNA-rRNA hy- acid (rRNA) hybridizations indicated that CDC group IVe bridizations (see Tables 4 and 5 and Fig. 3). Partly unpub- strains are not highly related to Alcaligenes or Bordetella lished hybridization data from the Ghent research group species (25). indicated that all these strains are genetic representatives of DNA-rRNA hybridizations also indicated that M. ,urethralis Moraxella the species and the rRNA branch to which they belong. does not belong to the genus (32), but SDS-PAGE of proteins. Cells were grown in Roux flasks at revealed a possible relationship with T. equigenitalis, CDC 28°C for 40 h on heart infusion agar, except for strains of T. group IVe, the family Alcaligenaceae (i.e., Alcaligenes and equigenitalis, which were incubated at 37°C. Whole-cell Bordetella species [9], and other species of rRNA superfam- protein extracts were prepared, and sodium dodecyl sulfate- illy I11 sensu De Ley (5). The taxonomically isolated position polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was per- formed according to small modifications of the procedure of * Corresponding author. Laemmli (27) as described previously (26). 198 VOL. 37. 1987 OLIGELLA GEN. NOV. 199 TABLE 1. Strains used" Name as received Strain no.b Other strain designation Received fromh: Source (yr of isolation) Strains assigned to Oligella urethralis: M. urethralis ATCC 17960T' CCUG 13463T (=CMG 5303T), E. Juni and J. Shewan Ear LMG 1015T M. urethralis WM6 CCUG 994 (=LMG 5304), CIP K. Bgvre Cervix: Aarhus, Denmark (1961) 81.33 M. urethralis WM20 CCUG 995 (=LMG 5132), CIP K. Bgvre Urogenital tract; Aarhus, 81.34, CDC KC1290 Denmark (1962) M. urethralis CCUG 460 LMG 6232 Our isolate Ear; Goteborg, Sweden (1969) M. urethralis CCUG 1964 ATCC 43533, LMG 6231 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1972) M. urethralis CCUG 3433 LMG 6227 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1974) M. urethralis CCUG 4451 LMG 6835 Our isolate Pus; Goteborg, Sweden (1975) M. urethralis CCUG 5112 LMG 6837 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1976) M. urethralis CCUG 7464 LMG 6836 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1978) M. urethralis CCUG 7726 LMG 6838 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1978) M. urethralis CCUG 10532 LMG 6229 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1981) M. urethralis NCTC 11008 -J Pus from ear; United Kingdom (1971) M. urethralis CCUG 11920 LMG 6228 Our isolate Pus from foot wound; Goteborg, Sweden (1982) M. urethralis CCUG 12956 LMG 6230 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg; Sweden (1982) M. urethralis CDC C1098 CCUG 13464 (=LMG 6839) E. Juni Vaginal swab; Canada (1972) Strains assigned to Oligella ureoly tica : CDC group IVe CDC C379T CCUG 1465T (=LMG 6519T), R. Weaver Urine; Louisiana (1971) ATCC 43534T CDC group IVe CDC B8375 CCUG 12412 (=LMG 3241) R. Weaver/(H. Urine; California (1971) Ericsson) CDC group IVe CDC FlOlO LMG 3242 (=CCUG 12688) R. Weaver Urine; Colorado (1981) CDC group IVe CDC F1147 LMG 3243 (=CCUG 12503) R. Weaver Urine; Alaska (1981) CDC group IVe CDC F3464 LMG 6614 (=CCUG 17692) R. Weaver Urine; California (1982) CDC group IVe CDC F4474 LMG 6613 (=CCUG 17691) R. Weaver Urine; Georgia (1983) CDC group IVe CDC F4479 LMG 6612 (=CCUG 17690) R. Weaver Urine; Tennessee (1983) CDC group IVe CDC F4585 LMG 6611 (=CCUG 17689) R. Weaver Urine; Pennsylvania (1983) CDC group IVe CDC F5560 LMG 6610 (=CCUG 17688) R. Weaver Urine; South Carolina (1984) CDC group IVe CDC F6167 LMG 6609 (=CCUG 176871, R. Weaver Catheterized urine; Kansas ATCC 35578, CDC F1582 (1981) CDC group IVe CCUG 17791 ATCC 43535, LMG 6773 Our isolate Contaminated cerebrospinal fluid; Bor&s, Sweden (1985) Reference strains: T. equigenitalis NCTC 11184T CCUG 10786* (= LMG 6222T) NCTC" Equine; United Kingdom (1977?) T. equigenitalis CCUG 16464 LMG 6223 L. Mirtensson Equine; Uppsala, Sweden (1983) T. equigenitalis CCUG 16465 LMG 6224 L. Mirtensson Equine; Uppsala, Sweden (1983) T. eqyigenitalis CCUG 16466' LMG 6225 L. Mgrtensson Equine; Uppsala, Sweden (1982) T. equigenitalis CCUG 16467' LMG 6226 L. Mirtensson Equine; Uppsala, Sweden (1984) Bo rde te 11 a NCTC 452T CCUG 219T, LMG 1232T NCTC Lung of dog bronchiseptica Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ATCC 15173T LMG 1231T, NCTC 8582T ATCC and NCTC Soil subsp. denitr$cans (=CCUG 407T) Alcaligenes .faecalis NCIB 81.56' LMG 1229T, CCM 1052T NCIB and CCM Unknown (=CCUG 1814r) Alcaligenes eutrophus ATCC 17697T LMG 1199T, CCUG 1776T ATCC Soil; U.S.A. (1957) CDC group IVc-2 CDC E6793 LMG 3244 (=CCUG 12507) R. Weaver Human respiratory tract; Oregon (1979) CDC group IVc-2 CDC E8967 CCUG 12411, LMG 3245 R. Weaver/(H . Equine; Georgia (1980) (=CCUG 12505) Ericsson) M. lacunata CIP A182Tf CCUG 4441T, ATCC 17967T CIP Subacute conjunctivitis (=LMG 5301T) M. lacunata ATCC 17952 LMG 1009, NCTC 7911 J. Shewan and NCTC No information available (=CCUG 4862) M. osloensis ATCC 19976T CCUG 350T (;LMG 5131T), K. Bgvre Cerebrospinal fluid CDC A1920 M. osloensis CCUG 63 LMG 6916 Our isolate Urine; Goteborg, Sweden (1968) M.
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