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4586.Pdf (6.636Mb) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM IMAGEM E SOM JOÃO MIGUEL VALENCISE A CHEGADA DO SOM NOS CINEMAS DE SÃO PAULO SEGUNDO A FOLHA DA MANHÃ (1928-1933) SÃO CARLOS 2012 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM IMAGEM E SOM JOÃO MIGUEL VALENCISE A CHEGADA DO SOM NOS CINEMAS DE SÃO PAULO SEGUNDO A FOLHA DA MANHÃ (1928-1933) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imagem e Som, na Área de Concentração Imagem e Som, como requisito parcial para a obtenção de grau de mestre em Imagem e Som. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Arthur Autran Franco de Sá Neto SÃO CARLOS 2012 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo DePT da Biblioteca Comunitária da UFSCar Valencise, João Miguel. V152cs A chegada do som nos cinemas de São Paulo segundo a Folha da Manhã (1928-1933) / João Miguel Valencise. -- São Carlos : UFSCar, 2012. 197 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. 1. Cinema - história. 2. Som. 3. Cinema sonoro. 4. Cinema brasileiro. 5. Mercado cinematográfico. I. Título. CDD: 791.4309 (20a) Dedico este trabalho a Simone Aparecida Andrade, companheira que me incentivou e me permitiu vivenciar os dois anos desta experiência e à memória de meu pai, Antonio Angelo Valencise, presente em parte do percurso. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Arthur Autran Franco de Sá Neto, pela orientação e, principalmente, pela dedicação dispensada à minha formação nesta nova área de conhecimento. Aos participantes da minha banca de qualificação, Prof. Dr. Carlos Roberto de Souza e Profa. Dra. Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de Araújo, pelo carinho dispensado, pela crítica e pelas sugestões tão valiosas à concretização deste trabalho. A Profa. Dra. Maria do Rosário Valencise Gregolin e Prof. Dr. José Angelo Rodrigues Gregolin pela força, pela troca de experiências madrugadas adentro e pela acolhida em sua residência nestes dois anos de idas e vindas a São Carlos. Ao Prof. Dr. Fernando Dias Andrade pelo apoio, pela iniciativa de me presentear com os livros da bibliografia indicada para meu exame de ingresso no Mestrado, pelas dicas, pela dedicação e pela revisão final desta dissertação. A Profa. Dra. Izadora Gregolin pelas conversas, dicas, cafés e caronas. A Marília Valencise Magri, que no final de uma gravidez e de seu próprio doutoramento, ainda arrumou tempo para se dedicar à primeira revisão desta dissertação. Aos professores do PPGIS - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imagem e Som, com quem tive o prazer de dividir minha emoção de mergulhar no universo cinematográfico e a todos os colegas que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para meu crescimento como pessoa e como pesquisador. A minha mãe, Ruth da Silva Valencise, meus irmãos e sobrinhos, que acompanharam em grande parte, esta minha aventura de voltar à Academia. Ao meu filho, Pier Valencise, pela força! SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 9 1 O SOM NO CINEMA............................................................................................ 12 1.1 As tecnologias que permitiram unir o som às imagens em movimento........ 12 1.1.1 Os primeiros tempos....................................................................... 12 1.1.2 A chegada das tecnologias de som ao cinema................................ 20 1.1.3 O projetor cinematográfico sonoro e seu funcionamento............... 27 2 O SOM NOS CINEMAS DE SÃO PAULO.......................................................... 31 2.1 O cinema e a cidade de São Paulo no final dos anos 1920........................... 31 2.2 A Configuração do mercado exibidor paulistano em 1929........................... 36 2.2.1 Empresa Brasil de Cinema.............................................................. 40 2.2.2 Empresas Cinematográficas Reunidas............................................ 41 2.2.3 Sociedade Anônima Empresa Serrador.......................................... 41 2.2.4 Outras empresas que operavam no mercado paulistano................. 42 2.3 A marcha das adaptações das salas de cinema.............................................. 43 2.3.1 O som desceu a Brigadeiro: o Cine Paramount.............................. 45 2.3.2 A adaptação do mercado ao cinema sonoro................................... 50 2.3.3 O Edifício Martinelli abriga um grande cinema: o Cine Rosário... 56 2.3.4 Mais cinemas vão se adaptando aos novos tempos........................ 62 2.3.5 O abandono da exibição de fitas silenciosas................................... 68 3 OS VÁRIOS FORMATOS DE EXIBIÇÃO DE FILMES ENTRE 1928 E 1934. 73 3.1 Filmes silenciosos exibidos em combinação com espetáculos de palco................................................................................................ 76 3.2 Filmes silenciosos acompanhados de música especial e partituras próprias executadas ao vivo............................................................ 78 3.3 Filmes silenciosos dos quais foram feitas posteriormente versões sonorizadas..................................................................................... 81 3.4 Filmes sonoros exibidos silenciosamente em cinemas que ainda não possuíam equipamentos com som............................................ 83 3.5 Filmes sonoros exibidos com som original em inglês, francês, alemão e italiano............................................................................. 84 3.6 Filmes sonoros exibidos com som original acompanhados de cartelas legendadas......................................................................... 88 3.7 Filmes falados exibidos com programa distribuído na porta com a tradução das falas......................................................................... 88 3.8 Filmes exibidos com ou com narração gravada em português....... 89 3.9 Filmes sonoros exibidos em versões espanholas............................ 89 3.10 Filmes sonoros com legendas sobrepostas..................................... 92 3.11 Filmes estrangeiros exibidos em português.................................... 94 4 O CINEMA NACIONAL NAS SALAS DE EXIBIÇÃO PAULISTANAS NESTE PERÍODO 1928/1933 .............................................................................. 96 4.1 Um filme brasileiro sincronizado................................................... 99 4.2 Oduvaldo Vianna e o cinema falado no Brasil............................... 103 4.3 Empresa Metrópole – Indústria Brasileira de Películas de Arte..... 106 4.4 Outros filmes nacionais e o silêncio de 1932................................. 109 4.5 Os equipamentos nacionais e a contrafação................................... 113 4.5.1 Equipamentos nas produções de películas brasileiras sonoras....... 113 4.5.2 Equipamentos projetores nacionais e a contrafação....................... 115 5 CONCLUSÃO........................................................................................................ 119 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS................................................................... 124 WEBGRAFIA........................................................................................................ 127 FILMOGRAFIA..................................................................................................... 128 CRÉDITOS ICONOGRÁFICOS........................................................................... 187 ANEXOS................................................................................................................ 190 RESUMO A presente dissertação centra-se no estudo e observação do período de transição entre o filme silencioso e o sonoro nas salas de cinema da cidade de São Paulo, registrado nas páginas do jornal Folha da Manhã entre 1928 e 1933. Ela tem como objetivo investigar e compreender como se processaram as adaptações do mercado exibidor a esta nova tecnologia. Além da questão especificamente tecnológica, incluindo-se a disponibilização de equipamentos nacionais de projeção, este estudo buscou lançar um olhar mais amplo sobre diversos aspectos envolvidos neste processo, tais como as diversas formas de apresentação do produto cinematográfico, a presença do cinema nacional na década de 1920 e a conformação do mercado de filmes na capital paulista. Palavras-chave: Som, cinema sonoro, cinema brasileiro, mercado exibidor. ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on study and observation of the period of transition from silent films to sound films in movie theaters at São Paulo City, as recorded by the pages of Folha da Manhã newspaper between 1928 and 1933. It aims to investigate and understand how adaptations to this new technology were proceeded in exhibitors’ market. Besides this strictly technical question (including the availability of national projection equipment), this study sought to offer a narrower look at several aspects related to this process, such as the several ways of presentation of the cinematographic product, the presence of national movie pictures at the 1920s and the conformation of movie market at São Paulo state capital. Keywords: Sound, sound films, Brazilian movie pictures, exhibitors’ market. 9 INTRODUÇÃO Esta dissertação versa sobre a questão histórica das tecnologias que permitiram a chegada do som às telas dos cinemas brasileiros, mais especificamente na cidade de São Paulo, e busca compreender a maneira como o mercado exibidor paulistano se adaptou às exigências do cinema sonoro. Apesar de fazer referência às primeiras invenções, inovações e experimentações com relação ao
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