STAR-K KOSHER CERTIFICATION rtnhyktcs ,urafv sgu Kashrus KurrentsVOLUME 24 NO. 2 Winter 5764-2004 The Kashrus and Don’t Miss the Boat: Shabbos Guide to Halachic Guidelines of Kosher Cruises Cosmetics R ABBI ZVI GOLDBERG, K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR RABBI DOVID HEBER K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR

Anyone having the opportunity to witness food preparation on a cruise ship can’t help but be struck by the enormity of the task. Activity begins even before the first passenger comes aboard. Upon arrival of all the guests, food is available day and night. Needless to say, food is central to a cruise. “Kosher cruise” may simply imply that the food is kosher; other halachic issues may not have been addressed by the kosher certification agency. In this article, we will examine kashrus as well as other topics including tznius, davening and Shabbos. Kashrus Providing kosher supervision on a cruise ship is not an easy task. “Mega- ships” carrying over 4,000 guests serve more than 12,000 meals per day! Food preparation occurs around-the-clock in multiple locations. Often a ‘kosher Ezra Hasofer established ten takanos (laws) cov- cruise’ means that an entrepreneur has booked a number of cabins aboard a large ering a wide spectrum of Jewish life.[1] The purpose ship. In such an arrangement, kosher and non-kosher food will be prepared and of these takanos was to enhance , served simultaneously. Shabbos, the Jewish communal court system, and The traveler must have confidence in the kashrus agency. In order to instill the sanctity of the Jewish home and marriage. One confidence, a reliable kashrus organization must address many issues. of the takanos was ouan ,urhhgc ihrhzjn ihkfur uvha What arrangements have been made to accommodate kosher cooking? Is a ohab hyhaf, - that salesmen should travel from town kitchen dedicated to kosher food preparation, or has only a portion of a non- to town to supply perfume and fragrances to the kosher kitchen been designated as kosher? Since a ship’s kitchen is an extreme- women of each community.[2] It is clear that these ly busy place, the latter situation is more problematic. In order to avoid mix-ups items were important in Jewish life since ancient in either situation, the kosher preparation area must be tightly controlled. For times. example, the mashgichim must constantly be on guard so that a waiter does not The Star-K hotline receives numerous inquiries take non-kosher food to the kosher passengers and that kosher utensils are relating to cosmetics and halacha. One must know returned to the kosher kitchen. the answers to questions regarding these products Kosher and non-kosher kitchens may use a common steam boiler to heat that are commonly used. Does lipstick require large soup kettles. While the steam does not enter the soup, it surrounds the kosher certification? During Pesach, may one use kettle, transferring heat into the soup. Furthermore, the steam may be recouped, perfume or makeup that contains chometz?Are returned to the boiler and then recirculated. Since some of the soup is non- any cosmetics permissible for use on Shabbos and kosher, this could lead to a transfer of non-kosher ogy (flavor) into the kosher food, which could render the food non-kosher. To remedy this, a chemical is CONTINUED ON PAGE 6 added to the water in the boiler giving it an unpleasant taste, thereby permitting

CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 Insidethis issue

Halachic Guidelines of Kosher Cruises ...... Page 1

Kashrus & Shabbos Guide to Cosmetics ....Page 1

Hot off the Hotline ...... Page 2

New under Star-K Certification ...... Page 3

New Alliance with Star-K...... Page 3

Ob-Gyn Kashrus Guide...... Page 10

Ob-Gyn Medication List...... Page 11 Shabbos. Based on this, it would seem that when the owner fills a vending machine with a product on Friday, it is being filled with the understanding that whoever inserts a coin and acquires the prod- uct may do so whenever he wishes, including Shabbos. He has therefore transgressed the prohi- off bition of doing business on Shabbos. Hot The (s"k wx j"ut) esm hbct ,"ua, however, explains that this thinking of the t"gr does not apply to vending machines because the owner R ABBI MOSHE HEINEMANN does not mind if the kinyan, the acquisition, were the RABBINIC ADMINISTRATOR to take place on Friday. The owner could, and should, have in mind that ownership of the prod- Hotline uct be given on Friday[2] to whomever will buy (In the last issue of Kashrus that product on Shabbos, provided that he will pay Kurrents the following appeared for it. Therefore, even though the candy was actu- ally purchased on Shabbos, the acquisition really in “Hot Off the Hotline:”.) took place on Friday (ibcrs hkhncu vrhrc ah ibhrnt). Again, this issue should not present a problem with regard to internet purchases because the Q: On Shabbos does an observant orders are not processed until after Shabbos. The Jew have to close a website that is real issue pertaining to an internet purchase is the selling products online? fact that the Jewish owner immediately acquires A: Yes. As in the case of a regular business trans- the money at the time of the sale. action, no electronic business transactions may be In the case of the vending machine this prob- made on Shabbos or Yom Tov on a website belong- lem can be resolved if the Jew specifically states ing to a shomer Shabbos businessman. The web site that he does not intend to acquire the money until may remain open for informational purposes, if the A business transaction is normally concluded after Shabbos. We normally assume that a person shopping cart on the website is shut down. The time with an act of acquisition such as paying for a expects to acquire the money immediately, Shabbos or Yom Tov begins is determined by the product or taking the product home. Our through his property, unless he declares other- entrepreneur’s geographic location. Chachamim, forbade many acts of acquisition on wise, that he wants to defer the acquisition until Shabbos except when needed for a mitzvah or for Shabbos ends. RABBI HEINEMANN RESPONDS: Shabbos. For instance, if one received a cake as a With regard to websites, however, it is very We have received many requests for greater present on Shabbos, and planned to eat it on doubtful that such a declaration will help because elaboration of Rabbi Heinemann’s answer. Below Shabbos, he may acquire it immediately. If he does purchases are accomplished by entering a credit we present a more detailed discussion of websites not plan to eat it on Shabbos, he may only acquire card number, whereby the bank immediately and Shabbos. it after Shabbos. The issues are similar regarding transfers funds from the purchaser’s account to The Torah forbids us to do melacha on people who have a business on the internet. The that of the vendor. It is incongruous to contract Shabbos. Generally speaking, we are forbidden to website owners do not do any business activity on with the bank to have the money transferred, perform an action that is creative on Shabbos. We Shabbos; they may be at shul davening or at home while verbally stating that one does not want to are not responsible, however, for activities that enjoying the Shabbos seudah, etc. The customers acquire the money until after Shabbos. Upon happen by themselves. An example of this con- are ordering goods on the website. inquiry of a major credit card company, we were cept is that one may not light a candle on Shabbos, This shaila under discussion mirrors the well- informed that it is theoretically possible to work but one may light a candle on Friday and allow it known question that concerns a Jew who owns a out an agreement with the bank to defer the pay- to burn into Shabbos. vending machine. Although the owner is selling ment. This would allow the website to remain Additionally, there is no prohibition for a Jew merchandise on Shabbos, when the non-Jew pur- open on Shabbos. Such an arrangement, however, to benefit from an action performed on Shabbos by chases candy from the machine, the Jewish owner is both difficult and unlikely. a non-Jew, who is not obligated to observe is not performing any positive action. Another difficulty with a website, which must Shabbos, as long as the non-Jew, who caused the This question is discussed at length in various be taken into account, is whether or not there is a action, intended to do it for his own benefit and responsa. The ejmh ,jbn ,"ua (sk wx d"j)[1] analyzes chance that a Jew will be making purchases on did not have the Jew in mind. For example, if a Shabbos. If this chance does exist, there would be this question from various angles. If the vending rug hbpk non-Jew turned on a light in a dark room on machine is located in a building or on a piece of the problem of , putting a stumbling block Shabbos, in order to look for something, and did property that is owned by a Jew, it would not be in front of the blind, or ignorant. However, this not bother to turn it off when he left, a Jew may permitted to allow a non-Jew to purchase prod- only applies if the website owner is selling items use that light to read. This is true even if he would ucts from the vending machine, as it may appear that are not generally available from another not have been able to do so prior to the non-Jew’s as though the non-Jew was instructed by the Jew source, e.g. antiques or original paintings. If the action. It is also permissible to turn on an electri- to take the item to another location. This problem items are available elsewhere, the owner is only cal appliance, such as a fan, before Shabbos, and does not apply to purchases made on the internet transgressing the prohibition of aiding a Jew in use it throughout Shabbos, provided that one does doing an aveirah. In this latter situation, one may because there is no transfer of property, just place- lwwa (wu ewwx twwbe wx swwuh not tamper with the appliance in any way, e.g. ment of an order online. Even if there would be a rely on the ) who states that it changing the fan’s speed on Shabbos. transfer of ownership, there is no physical transfer is permitted in this case. This is especially true There are certain exceptions to this rule of of property. here where it is only doubtful whether a Jew will benefiting from an activity that comes from an The ejmh ,jbn ,"ua raises another issue that be making a purchase on Shabbos. action that a Jew did not perform on Shabbos. One concerns vending machines. Every sale requires Each individual should explore the possibili- is forbidden to have food on the stove during the implied consent of the owner. Even though ties available, and decide what would be the best Shabbos if this will improve the food’s taste, unless the non-Jew seems to be making the purchase way to ensure that the sanctity of Shabbos is pre- the burners are covered with a blech. Even though served. himself without any interaction with the owner, ohhj .pj (uwwnr xwwux vfkv ruthc the individual is doing nothing to the food on the there is, in fact, this implied interaction of the The ) writes that stove, without a blech this situation is forbidden. owner agreeing to the sale. whoever fulfills the will of the Torah to keep The act of writing is one of the thirty-nine for- The (y"be) t"gr ,"ua writes that if someone Shabbos without looking for loopholes is a fortunate bidden acts of melacha. Our Chachamim, our stipulates that an acquisition made on Friday person, and Hashem will certainly grant him suc- Sages, forbade doing business on Shabbos based cess in his business during the six days of the week. should take effect on Shabbos – he transgresses the ————————————————————— on a concern that one may come to transgress the prohibition of doing business on Shabbos. We see 1 Written by Rabbi Yitzchok Weiss, the Rav of Manchester and Shabbos by writing an invoice, a receipt, or details from this t"gr that one may not do an action on later the head of the Badatz of Yerushalayim. of a business transaction. Friday that will cause a transfer of ownership on 2 In order for this to work, the owner must be rjt hsh kg vben.

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3 use of the common boiler. However, our which to swim.[4] behind the decree, research shows that some cruise lines are Davening the halacha is reluctant to treat this water. They state based on two pri- A cruise generally will include at least that the water must remain potable in mary concerns: one day - a Monday, Thursday or Shabbos case a need arises while at sea and no Firstly, a person - when the Torah is read. Therefore, it is fresh water is available. (A large ship can may seasick necessary to have a onboard use over 200,000 gallons of water each and be unable to and an honorable, secure place to house day, brought on board at each port or pro- enjoy Shabbos. it.[5] duced from the seawater.) Sailing three days On Friday night, the tefilah of ,uct idn The short turnaround time for a cruise before Shabbos R ABBI ZVI GOLDBERG is not said when davening in a room which ship presents a problem. Often a ship that allows time for a K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR does not normally function as a shul, such docks in port in the morning will embark person to adjust to the motion of the sea. as a temporary minyan in one’s home. on another cruise by afternoon, giving the Secondly, storms and other nautical haz- Onboard a ship, a room may be designat- kosher agency insufficient time for the ards present an element of danger for sea necessary kashering of utensils. travelers, and a seafarer will probably This problem can be resolved if the have to violate Shabbos to save his life. mashgiach meets the ship at its last This chilul Shabbos is actually per- stop prior to returning to home missible, as is all chilul Shabbos port, thereby allowing him in any life-threatening situa- to kasher while enroute. Don’t Miss the Boat: tion. Nevertheless, one There is a report of a may not board a ship conscientious mash- prior to Shabbos since giach who missed Halachic Guidelines of Kosher Cruises he knowingly places the boat (literally). himself in a situation In order to reach where chilul Shabbos the ship, he was is a possibility, taken out to sea by thereby giving the pilot boat, climbed impression that he is on board using a not concerned. Since rope ladder, and then Sunday, Monday, and began his work. Tuesday are called Food preparation on acharai Shabbos (lit. after Shabbos presents its own set Shabbos), they are connected of challenges. Before Shabbos, to the previous Shabbos, and the everything must be cooked. On CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 passenger need not concern himself Shabbos, the mashgichim must ensure with the coming Shabbos.[10] Therefore, at that the staff follows the intricacies of the the beginning of the week, one can place Shabbos laws of food preparation. himself in a situation which may necessi- ed for davening, but may serve other pur- An option available onboard almost tate a chilul Shabbos such as this. poses as well. Therefore, ,uct idn would any ship, whether kosher or non-kosher, is These concerns may seem negligible not be said. However, if a specific room is pre-packaged kosher meals, similar to today, but once have established a dedicated as a shul for the duration of the those served on airplanes.[1] These may be decree, we have no right to abolish it. cruise and the Sefer Torah is kept in that heated in any oven, but must be served Moreover, some travelers do get seasick room, then ,uct idn would be recited.[6] with the seals intact. These meals may not onboard cruise ships. Although ships After an ocean cruise is completed, be heated on Shabbos, and must be opened may not toss in the sea, the high waves Birchas Hagomel must be recited. This according to halachic guidelines.[2] and constant motion often may wreak bracha is customarily recited in shul after havoc on one’s equilibrium.[11] Tznius receiving an aliyah, preferably within It should be noted that restrictions It cannot be emphasized enough that three days upon disembarking.[7] which apply to Shabbos are also applicable cruises present very serious tznius to Yom Tov. For example, if Yom Tov is on issues.[3] Lack of modesty can be wide- Shabbos [8] Wednesday, the three day prohibition would spread, particularly when sailing to sunny Setting sail before Shabbos apply to the beginning of the week as well, destinations. Chazal decreed that it is forbidden to restricting one’s voyages for that week. Furthermore, separate swimming undertake a journey by sea within three There are however, two lenient factors arrangements would be required. Women days of Shabbos.[9] Although the commen- to keep in mind. Firstly, according to the would require a discrete, secluded pool in tators do not agree on the reasoning Vilna Gaon,[12] the ‘three days’ are

1 In the absence of mashgichim, it is not an option to ask the kitchen staff to prepare fresh meals (e.g. salmon and potato, even double wrapped) or hard- boiled eggs. One reason is that the food would be prohibited due to Bishul Akum. A more detailed explanation is beyond the scope of this article. 2 It is interesting to note that the Tzitz Eliezer (10:35) was asked about a ship where the only place to keep food was under the beds. In a novel p’sak, he writes that food left under a bed on a ship is permitted. 3 See E.H. 21:1 4 Cabin arrangements must also be checked since beds must be configured according to Jewish Law. On one cruise liner, the beds were bolted down and could not be moved. 5 In certain cases, a Sefer Torah may not be kept in one’s cabin. See Shulchan Aruch O.C. 240:6. 6 Mishna Berura 268:24 7 Shulchan Aruch O.C. 219 and B.H (1). 8 For a full discussion of this issue, see article by this author in The Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society, published by RJJ School, Fall 1999, pg 39. 9 Shabbos 19a 10 The concept of acharai Shabbos is also the source for another well-known halacha – namely, that one who did not make havdalah on Motzai Shabbos can do so through Tuesday. 11 Fodor’s Worldwide Cruises 1998, pg. 35 “The most common minor medical problems confronting cruise passengers are seasickness and gastrointestinal dis- tress….If, however, you do feel queasy, you can always get seasickness pills aboard ship.(Many ships give them out for free at the front desk.)” 12 In a novel comment, Tzror Hamor (Parshas Noach 7:13) writes that Noach entered his ark on Wednesday due to the halachic concern we are discussing. This is consistent with the Vilna Gaon’s ruling.

4 Halachic Guidelines of Kosher Cruises

Thursday, Friday and Shabbos. Wednes- scope of the auto-pilot leniency is limited. after a Shabbos day was not included in the decree, per- Whenever a human pilot is needed, e.g. to stroll may set off mitting one to embark on a journey on negotiate narrow straits, when in congest- alarms or lights at Wednesday.[13] Secondly, according to all ed areas, or docking in port, the auto-pilot the metal opinions, one is permitted to embark any cannot be used. This leniency, therefore, detec- weekday if the ship docks before Shabbos requires careful consideration before and remains in port during that practical application. [14] Shabbos. Electronics Amirah L’Akum Electronic cabin door locks and elec- Our assumption has been that one is tric eye automatic door opening mecha- permitted to embark on Sunday, Monday, nisms have become commonplace on or Tuesday.[15] This is true when the major- cruise ships. On Shabbos, guests may tor. ity of the ship’s passengers are non- leave keys at the desk and ask non-Jewish Since one Jewish. However, if the majority are staff members to open their door.[18] must show his ticket and/or passport Jewish, embarking even at the beginning When walking about the ship, it is prefer- upon returning to the ship, these must be of the week may be a problem. Pri able to use manual doors. If this is not carried off the ship, causing a Shabbos vio- Migadim[16] points out that according to all possible, one could wait until a non-Jew lation. Even if the city were to have an opinions, when a Jew needs or desires to opens the door with his movement and eruv, it is unlikely to include the port. travel specifically on Shabbos, there is a walk together with him through the door- Lastly, the ticket may be mukzta and for- problem of amirah l’akum, a non-Jew per- way. However, due to the difficulty in bidden to carry. forming melacha for a Jew. Amira l’akum is coordinating one’s movement together prohibited irrespective of departure day. with that of another person, it is likely On a cruise with a specific itinerary, the that the Jew will unwittingly activate the Dateline Jew may very well want to travel on door. Therefore, one should avoid travel The International Date Line is, by con- Shabbos in order to enjoy the full schedule on a ship where he will constantly face vention, 180 degrees from Greenwich, of ports-of-call. This, therefore, may be the challenge of getting through the door England. At noon on Monday on the forbidden. at the same time as a non-Jew. Eastern side of the dateline it is noon on However, since cruise ships typically Ships may be equipped with sinks and Tuesday on the Western side. While follow a regular schedule, it is most likely toilets controlled by an electric eye. We halacha also recognizes the need for a they would embark even with only a suggest that one avoid travel on a ship dateline, the majority of poskim do not minority of non-Jewish passengers, in that cannot offer a different system. accept the International Dateline as the order to avoid canceling the entire cruise. Techum halachic dateline.[21] Issues related to the Therefore, the melacha would be per- Chazal forbade a person from travel- International Dateline are extremely com- formed regardless, and the Jewish passen- ing more than 2,000 amos (approx. 7/10 plex. We present several examples here to gers would not be viewed as having the mile) on Shabbos.[19] However, at sea this suggest questions to pose to one’s Rav. It crew performing melacha exclusively for restriction does not apply.[20] Nevertheless, may be prudent to avoid these issues by them. if one is aboard a ship sailing at sunset on foregoing such cruises. Furthermore, there is one innovation Friday and subsequently docks at a port As an illustration, let us look at which might allow one to embark at the on Shabbos, the 2,000 amos begin at the Alaska, a popular cruise destination. beginning of the week, even with a major- port. It is difficult for most people to According to Rav Yechiel Michel ity of Jews. This is the auto-pilot. This measure this distance precisely; they risk Tucazinsky, author of the Gesher Hachaim, technology allows ships to set their violating the techum if they get off the the dateline is 144.8°W, exactly 180° from course and travel on Shabbos without ship. Moreover, consider the challenge a . A cruise to Juneau would not intervention. Often, auto-pilot is activat- passenger faces when a world-renowned present a problem. However, according ed when sailing a straight course between tourist attraction is outside the techum in to Rav Tucazinsky’s opinion, if the cruise two points in the open sea.[17] Therefore, a vacation spot he may never again visit! sails westward towards Valdez, any piloting performed by the crew is not Because of the potential Shabbos viola- Anchorage, Kodiak or the Aleutian considered as an act done specifically for Islands, the dateline has been crossed (at kg tions, it would not be wise for a kosher the Jewish passengers. Rather, it is a line that corresponds approximately to inmg ,gs cruise to dock on Shabbos itself. , for the non-Jews benefit. The Valdez). Rav Heinemann, shlit”a, holds possibility of a ship’s operation without Security that in deference to Rav Tucazinsky’s melacha would lead us to view all melacha Security is another important Shabbos opinion, one should observe dinei deo- performed by the non-Jews as for their concern. Today, cruise ships, like air- raisa (prohibitions of the Torah) on own purposes, not for fulfilling the needs ports, have metal detectors for boarding Friday, since Rav Tucazinsky considers it of the Jewish passengers. However, the passengers. One who returns to his ship as Shabbos. Therefore, actions such as CONTINUED ON PAGE 9

13 If one follows the opinion of the Vilna Gaon, then in the case of a voyage before Yom Tov it follows logically that the first day of Yom Tov is included in the ‘three days’. If Yom Tov is on Wednesday, then one would still be permitted to depart on Sunday. 14 Another issue is – if the ship first departed at the beginning of the week, would subsequent departures from ports-of-call be considered new departures which would be forbidden (since they are within three days of Shabbos) or would they be a continuation of the original trip which would be permitted? It is the opinion of Rav Heinemann, shlit”a, that they would be considered part of the original trip. 15 Wednesday is also permitted according to the Vilna Gaon cited above. 16 M.Z. end of 248. However, see Shevsas Hayam (pg. 44), by the author of the Tzitz Eliezer. 17 Per communication with officers aboard the m/s Radisson Navigator and the m/s RCI Sovereign of the Seas. It should be noted that the crew must listen to the radio and plot the course on a map while on autopilot. For various halachic reasons, these actions would not affect the issue under discussion. 18 As this is a sh’vus d’shvus b’makom mitzvah. 19 Generally, people who live in large cities are able to walk much more than 2,000 amos as long as they are still within the halachic boundaries of the city. The 2,000 amos restriction begins at the edge of the city. 20 There is no prohibition of Techum when higher than 10 tefachim off the ground, as it is a different reshus. 21 For a full discussion of the dateline in halacha, see “A Traveler’s Guide to the International Dateline” on our site at www.star-k.org.

5 with a special brush. Included in this prohibition is mixing or blending two different colors together. B. iuchk/vyhjx – One may not squeeze out or he Kashrus and use a wet cloth on Shabbos. One may also T not use a wet cleansing pad or sponge. Similarly, pouring toner or other liquids Shabbos Guide to onto a cotton ball or adding water to a cloth is not allowed. One may not use a brush to apply liquid makeup, as this Cosmetics may constitute vyhjx. C. jrnn – This vftkn is a vsku, of ejnn. CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 The following guidelines apply: 1. Solids and Ointments - One may not smear cream or ointment, or use bar Yom Tov? swallowed (e.g. breath spray and breath soap, stick deodorant, or toothpaste on Because these halachos are complex, it is freshener strips), the product requires Shabbos.Similarly, one may not apply important for consumers to have a clear kosher certification.[7] lipstick on Shabbos. This is true even if grasp of the numerous issues and how to II. Pesach the lipstick is applied lightly. vagnk vfkv 2. Viscous Fluids - Thick oils and proceed in practice ( ). The fol- On Pesach, one may not consume, own creamy hand soaps that are viscous[14] lowing are halachic guidelines of cosmetic or derive benefit from items that contain and pour slowly are also subject to this use based on the psak of Rabbi Moshe derivatives of ids hbhn ,anj - wheat, barley, twwyhka prohibition.[15] For example, Softsoap Heinemann , Rabbinic administrator spelt, oats, and rye.[8] This halacha applies Liquid Hand Soap may not be used on of the Star-K. to all such items that are fit for human or Shabbos due to its thickness.[16] canine consumption, including perfume I. Kashrus 3. Fluids with Low Viscosity - Oils that and other products containing ethyl alco- We are familiar with the Torah law pro- pour faster (with a viscosity of 600 cP or hol. Therefore, one may not use such prod- hibiting one from eating non-kosher food. less) are not subject to this prohibition. ucts on Pesach until the source of alcohol is This halacha only prohibits the consump- For example, the Star-K tested Ultra determined.[9] tion of non-kosher food. One may, howev- Dawn Concentrated Dish Liquid/Anti- [3] According to halacha, if a makeup is er, derive benefit from non-kosher food. Bacterial Hand Soap[17] at room tempera- unfit for human and canine consumption, it The “ haolam” (custom) is to include ture (70°F)[18] and determined that it is may be used on Pesach even if it contains in this category the application of non- permissible to use on Shabbos.Regular [4] chometz ingredients. Nonetheless, many kosher cosmetics to the skin. For example, liquid dishwashing soap may also be individuals are strict and avoid using it is permissible for one to apply facial used.[19] Liquid deodorant in roll-on or creams, lotions and liquids that contain creams or lotions containing animal deriva- spray form may also be used on chometz.[10] This is especially true for lip- tives. One may even apply non-kosher Shabbos.[20] stick[11] which one may inadvertently swal- ingredients to one’s lips (e.g. lipstick, lip 4. Diluting Thick Fluids – One may use low. balm). This is true even though one may a diluted fluid if the viscosity of the inadvertently swallow traces of lipstick that III. Shabbos Issues diluted product is 600 cP or less. [21] For mix with food. These trace amounts of lip- There are various halachic issues related example, Softsoap Anti-Bacterial Liquid [5] stick are batel b’shishim (1:60 or less). to the use of cosmetics on Shabbos and Yom Hand Soap with Light Moisturizers that is If there is no intention to swallow a non- To v. [12] diluted one part water into two parts gcum food product (e.g. toothpaste, mouthwash, A. – One may not color on Shabbos. soap (i.e. 2/3 soap-1/3 water) is permis- floss), one need not worry about the ingre- Therefore, one may not apply makeup, sible for use on Shabbos.[22] [6] rushv [13] dients. Nonetheless, it is a to use including lipstick, on Shabbos. This is D. ijuy – One may not grind on Shabbos. kosher products if they might inadvertently true even if it is applied lightly, on top of Some are of the opinion that one may not be swallowed. If a product is intentionally existing makeup, with one’s finger, or break up clumps of blush or take powder

1 cwwp ;s tne tcc trnd Angeles, annually publishes an Informational Guide to vzc ,rjt ,gs ws ,ut cwwk whx ,ca wkv rumhe whg/ 2 wufu hrnt ibcr wv whx jkahu tnujb, arsn whg sug Medicines and Cosmetics, prepared by Rabbi 16 Our tests indicate that this product has a much high- 3 However, one may not derive benefit from milk and Gershon Bess. For a further discussion of this topic, see er viscosity than 600 cP. meat mixtures heated while in an edible state above yad Rabbi Bess’ introduction to the guide. 17 This product is used for both washing hands and soledes. There are different opinions, ranging from 11 Powdered products (e.g. powdered blush and founda- washing dishes and has a viscosity of 600 cP. 110°F–120°F, as to the temperature of yad soledes. tion) and pencil containing chometz may be used even vzc ,rjt ,gs dwwhe whx twwj jwwut nwwdt whg HaRav Aharon Kotler zt”l was of the opinion that it is by those who are generally rsvn since they are 18 It should be noted that as the temperature decreases 120°F. According to some Poskim, one may also not itf wh,af vfhx lhha tku vkhftk hutr ubht. the viscosity of the product increases. derive benefit from products containing non-kosher 12 Unless otherwise indicated, wherever Shabbos is 19 Since the viscosity is less than 600 cP. “Regular” liq- wine or grape juice. referred to, Yom Tov is included, as the halachos regard- uid dishwashing soap refers to liquid soap intended for 4 tksu okugv dvbn vzs - rtac vwws hwwx uwwfa whx vfkv ruthc ing cosmetics are identical. On Chol Hamoed all of the washing dishes only. twwrdvf activities regarding makeup that are addressed are per- 20 This only applies to deodorant - however, anti-perspi- 5 tahr ehxp ubhtu iuuf,n ubhta rcs huv ifu missible sgunv lrumk (for Chol Hamoed or Yom Tov). rant may be considered vtupr. 6 vhcajt hrehn tku ost ,khftk hutr ubht 13 oa cwwn whg vwwfx dwwa whx jwwut gwwua/ As to whether apply- jwwfa whxu uwwyx dwwa whx jwwut gwwua ihc vrh,xv cauhn vzcu 7 If one is ill and requires non-kosher medication, see ing makeup is ibcrs ut t,hhruts gcum, see Journal of twwg whgx ijuy - okug ,hrc wxc awwnfu uwwkx “Kosher Medications Year Round and Pesach: Does Halacha and Contemporary Society, Number IX, pg. 68. 21 According to some opinions, one should dilute the Over the Counter Need to be Under the Hashgacha” at This essay by Rabbi J. David Bleich also addresses issues liquid hand soap before Shabbos. www.star-k.org. relating to the use of “Shabbos makeup.” This topic 22 Our testing indicates that the dilution lowers the vis- 8 The Ashkenazic custom is also not to consume kit- will be addressed in the next section. cosity of this product to less than 600 cP. It should be niyos (legume products, including corn) on Pesach. 14 Viscosity is the property of resistance to flow, in a noted that this ratio of 1:2 does not necessarily apply to However, one may own and derive benefit from these fluid. One unit of measurement is a centipoise (cP). all products. Some formulations may require a greater items. Therefore, makeup containing corn starch and Water has a viscosity of 1 cP. The viscosity of olive oil dilution with water. In addition, it should be noted other kitniyos derivatives may be used on Pesach. is 84 cP. The viscosity of store-bought honey at room that on the contrary, some products, when diluted with 9 Wheat alcohol is chometz. One may derive benefit temperature (70°F) is 8500 cP (this is a sample figure, water, become even more viscous. [An additional fac- from alcohol derived from corn and petroleum. other factors [e.g. type of honey, water content] may tor in the discussion of jrnn is the effect of surface ten- 10 Examples of chometz ingredients include wheat pro- change the viscosity). sion on the flow rates of liquids. This complex topic is tein, wheat germ, avena, beta glucan, oat extracts, and 15 We measured the viscosity of various liquids using a beyond the scope of this article.] triticum vulgare. To assist those individuals who wish viscometer. Our results indicate that products with a to be strict, the Star-K, in conjunction with Los viscosity higher than 600 cP are subject to jrnn.

6 The Kashrus and Shabbos Guide to Cosmetics

from a cake of blush on Shabbos. [23] B. DRY FACE - One may not apply makeup products: E. vtupr – One who has a discomfort onto a wet area (this will cause the make- 1. Cleansers – One (aujhn) may not use a remedy[24] (even a up to stay on too long). Therefore, may not apply cream or simple external one) on Shabbos.[25] For before applying makeup, one’s face must gel (jrnn) or wet pad example, one who has chapped lips may be dry and clean. When using “Shabbos astringents (vyhjx). R ABBI DOVID HEBER [26] not apply medicinal oil to soothe them. moisturizer” (i.e. it is specially prepared However, one may KASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR F. Additional ,uftkn that are prohibited and approved for use on Shabbos), one apply a watery liquid and at times may be relevant to this mat- must wait until it has completely dried cleanser with one’s fingers. A cotton ball ter include: jhr shkun – Applying fragrance before applying Shabbos makeup. or cotton pad may not be used. To to clothing, and zzud - Shearing. C. NO MIXING - One may not mix cosmet- remove the cleanser on Shabbos, one gcum Due to the various halachic issues ic colors, because of . Therefore, a should rinse it off with water or use a dry regarding makeup and cosmetics on separate brush must be used for each towel or facial tissue. One may not use a [35] Shabbos, it is advisable for one to apply all color. One may not apply Shabbos make- wet paper towel, pad or sponge. makeup before Shabbos begins. All makeup up on top of non-Shabbos foundation or 2. Toner – A liquid toner, used to freshen [30] may be applied on Erev Shabbos, even if it makeup (that was applied before skin or to clean the pores, may be applied will remain on well into Shabbos.[27] This Shabbos). However, one may apply directly (e.g. by spraying) onto one’s face includes long-lasting lipstick. This lipstick “Shabbos blush” on top of “Shabbos foun- (without a cotton ball). One may not use is sometimes referred to as “Shabbos lip- dation” or re-apply Shabbos makeup over a wet paper towel or sponge to rinse it stick,” since it lasts for up to 24 hours. This existing Shabbos makeup that is the same off. [31] “Shabbos lipstick” may not be applied once color. 3. Moisturizer – Almost all varieties of Shabbos has begun (this would constitute this product are in a cream form and jrnnu gcum) and should not be confused therefore may not be used on Shabbos jrnn with “Shabbos makeup” in powdered form ( ). This is true for those dispensed that some authorities permit on Shabbos, as by pump or from a jar. One possible sub- will be discussed. stitute is a specially prepared watered down spray or roll-on moisturizer.[36] IV. “Shabbos Makeup” One must first confirm with a Rav that HaRav Moshe Feinstein zt”l was of the the product is watered down enough so [28] opinion that one may use powdered that its usage does not constitute makeup that is not long lasting. This cir- jrnn.[37] gcum cumvents the problem of . This powder 4. Deep Cleansing Treatment, including is commonly known as “Shabbos makeup.” facial scrubs, peels, and masks, are not Rav Moshe only allows the use of certain permissible for use on Shabbos since they powders that have been carefully tested to are always in cream form and constitute ensure they are not long lasting. HaRav jrnn . [29] Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt”l disagrees B. MAKEUP – The following are halachic and opines that all makeup may not be guidelines regarding the use of different applied on Shabbos regardless of how long it makeups on Shabbos. Note: Whenever a lasts. This opinion is more widely accepted reference is made to Shabbos makeup, this by Poskim. According to Rav Shlomo refers to powders that have been tested by a Zalman, all makeup, even “Shabbos make- reliable halachic authority to meet the stan- up,” is forbidden to use on Shabbos. One dards of Rav Moshe zt”l (as addressed in should consult a Rav to determine which section IV). As previously noted, according opinion one should follow. D. LOOSE POWDER - According to some to Rav Shlomo Zalman zt”l, no color pow- To conform with Rav Moshe’s ruling, opinions,[32] before Shabbos, one should ders may ever be used on Shabbos. Shabbos makeup may only be used under remove the makeup from the cake, break 1. Foundation/Concealer – This prod- the following conditions: it up, and use this loose powder on uct is used to even out skin tones, A. TESTED - It has been tested by a reliable Shabbos.[33] smooth away the appearance of fine Rav or certifying agency to confirm that V. Practical Applications on Shabbos lines and imperfections, and apply a hint it is “temporary” enough to meet Rav of color.[38] A. SKINCARE[34] – On a weekday, before Moshe’s standards. The product that one a. Moisturizing Foundation with oil is applying makeup, women often apply wishes to use on Shabbos must be specif- usually a liquidy cream. Due to its cleansers, toners and moisturizers. On ically endorsed by the Rav or certifying thickness it may not be used on Shabbos Shabbos, the following halachos apply to agency. General statements should not (jrnn). be relied upon. the usage of these skin care treatment CONTINUED ON PAGE 8

23 huk, vz kfu kwwmz ihhyabhhp van wrdv oac ubgna lf This issue will be addressed at the end of section V-B. powdered blush or eye makeup to touch even in a zwwyex ywwfe whx ijkav ,ume whg ijuy rjt ijuy iht hrsdc 27 There is no concern of ihgv ,htrn (i.e. we are not con- ohhe,n ubhta rcs scenario – vke, hshk h,t tka hsf. 24 This was decreed by kwwzj lest one come to grind herbs cerned someone may think this makeup was applied on 32 kwwbfu kwwmz ihhyabhhp van wrdv oac ubgna lf to make medicine (ohbnnx ,ehja). The vrhzd does not Shabbos.) 33 The powder should not be left on the cake, but rather apply to ohthrc kftn - food items used by healthy peo- 28 jwwf whx swwj ,gs vujh fwwfu zwwf whx vwwju swwhe whx twwj jwwut nwwdt stored elsewhere. ple (e.g. one may drink tea for a sore throat). In addi- 29 jwwbe ewwx swwhp v,fkvf ,ca ,rhnac tcuv 34 The halachos in the Skincare section are independent tion, this vrhzd only applies to one who has a aujhn. A 30 fwwex uwwne whx ijkav ,ume - This may cause the Shabbos of the dispute regarding Shabbos makeup and there- vbfx uc ihta vkuj (one who is ill, whose life is not in makeup to stay on longer. fore, Rav Shlomo Zalman zt”l would agree to the hala- danger) and certainly a vbfx uc aha vkuj (one whose life 31 In regards to applying Shabbos blush on top of chos in this section (V-A; Skincare). may be in danger) may take medication on Shabbos Shabbos blush that is a different color or allowing dif- 35 Removing makeup will be discussed later (section and are not subject to this vrhzd/ ferent colors of Shabbos powdered eye makeup to V-C). 25 This halacha also applies on Yom Tov, but does not touch, the following guidelines apply: Cosmetic 36 In regards to using Shabbos makeup after applying apply on Yom Tov Sheini (i.e. the second day of the chemists informed us that when two “Shabbos makeup” Shabbos moisturizer, see guidelines above (section IV- Shalosh Regalim [Pesach, Shavuos and Sukkos], the last colors mix on one’s face, the new color is still a B). day of Pesach, and Simchas Torah). For purposes of ohhe,n ubhta rcs. Therefore, it would not constitute 37 These guidelines were addressed above (section this halacha, the second day of Rosh Hashanah is not gcum. Nonetheless, since under certain circumstances III-C) considered Yom Tov Sheini and this halacha applies. blending colors could constitute gcum, according to 38 Therefore, gcum may apply. As will be indicated, other 26 Using Chapstick or cream may also constitute jrnn. some opinions, it is best not to allow different colors of ,uftkn may also apply.

7 the eyelid. 1. One may not use cream, petroleum The Kashrus and b. Eyebrow and Eyeline – Women jelly, or thick makeup removers (jrnn). typically use cosmetic pencil/liquid 2. One may use liquid eye makeup eyeliner on these areas. As indicated remover, liquid cleanser, or baby oil in Shabbos Guide previously, these may not be used order to remove makeup. These prod- on Shabbos. However, there are ucts must have a watery consistency, and to Shabbos makeup powdered eyelin- one must apply them by finger. One Cosmetics ers available that are not long- may not use a wet cotton ball or wet Q- CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7 lasting and may be used accord- tip to remove the makeup, as this consti- ing to Rav Moshe zt”l, under tutes vyhjx. the conditions listed above 3. According to some, one may not use a b. Water Based Foundation has a less (section IV). dry Q-tip, cloth, or tissue to rub off thick consistency, but may still not be [49] [50] jrnn If the Shabbos eyebrow or makeup. Others permit this. The used on Shabbos ( ). eyeline powdered makeup custom is to be lenient. c. Pressed Cake Foundation that must color is different from the D. PERFUME – One is permitted to apply be applied with a damp sponge may not vyhjx eyelid makeup color, it is perfume and fragrances onto one’s body. be used on Shabbos ( ). preferable that the two col- One may not apply perfume or any fra- d. Powder Foundation – Powder foun- ors do not touch. grance to clothing or sheitels to make dation generally may not be used on gcum One may not tweeze eye- them smell nice. It is prohibited Shabbos ( ). However, there are brows on Shabbos. because it is jhr shkun. Shabbos makeup powdered foundations c. Eyelashes – Mascara is E. NAILS – One may not clip or file nails on available that are not long-lasting and used to color and lengthen eyelashes. Shabbos (zzud). One may not apply nail may be used according to Rav Moshe The use of this product with or without polish (gcum). Colorless nail polish may zt”l, under the conditions listed above a brush on Shabbos is forbidden.[42] also not be used.[51] (section IV). 4. Lip Makeup One may do all of these activities before 2. Blush/Rouge – These powders are a. Lipstick/Lipliner – One may not Shabbos begins. If a woman needs to used to add color to one’s face and to apply lipstick or lipliner on Shabbos, as, remove nail polish, it should be done enhance cheek color. Regular pow- according to all opinions, this consti- before Shabbos. If one inadvertently left dered blush may not be used on Shabbos [43] tutes gcum and jrnn. This is true even some nail polish on when Shabbos began, (gcum). However, as previously men- if it is applied lightly or on top of exist- in preparation for vkhcy, one may use tioned, there is “Shabbos makeup” pow- ing makeup. As previously indicated, nail polish remover on Shabbos. dered blush available that is not long- one may apply regular or extra long-last- However, one may not pour the remover lasting and may be used according to ing lipstick on Erev Shabbos. onto a cotton ball. Rather, one should Rav Moshe zt”l, under the conditions b. Lip Powder – According to some pour it directly on the nail and rub it off listed above (section IV). Blush in Poskim, non long-lasting Shabbos make- with one’s finger. cream or stick form may not be used on up powder may be used on the lips[44] Shabbos (gcumu jrnn). VI. Permanent Makeup under the conditions listed above (sec- In the process of applying permanent 3. Eye Makeup – There are four areas of tion IV), based on the opinion that non makeup, also known as micro pigmentation the eye to which women apply cosmet- long-lasting powdered blush is permissi- or cosmetic tattooing, a needle deposits col- ics to highlight and enhance the appear- ble. Nonetheless, there are other Poskim ored pigments made from iron oxide below ance of the eye: the eyebrow, eyelid, eye- who say even those who use non long- line, and eyelash. Applying eye make- the top layer of the skin. This procedure, lasting powdered blush should not use applied on lips and around the eyes, is a up in the form of cosmetic creams, regu- powder on their lips.[45] According to lar non-Shabbos powders, cake (powder form of tattooing and is thus prohibited[52] these opinions, women who wish to by the Torah (gege ,cu,f). The prohibition that one mixes with water), pencils, and have makeup on their lips should not of gege ,cu,f applies even to makeup that liquid eyeliners, is strictly forbidden on apply powder on their lips on Shabbos, [39] is “semi-permanent” which only lasts for Shabbos. but rather use long lasting lipstick on several years.[53] Besides the normal conditions of Shab- Erev Shabbos – vhkg tuc, vz kg rhnjnvu bos makeup, according to some opin- vfrc. The cosmetic industry has greatly ions, eye makeup poses additional con- c. Lip Gloss – This product may not be changed since the days of Ezra Hasofer. ihkfur cerns regarding blending colors used on Shabbos (gcum). This is true The traveling salesmen ( ) of yester- gcum [40] ( ). The following are halachic even if one applies untinted/clear lip- year have been replaced by the multi-bil- guidelines when using eye makeup. gloss, as the Poskim consider this a form lion dollar cosmetic industry of today. Note: These conditions are in addition of gcum.[46] If one uses a brush, it also cre- What hasn’t changed are the dinim and the to the general Shabbos makeup condi- vyhjx importance of knowing and understanding [41] ates the problem of . Lip sealer tions listed in section IV. on top of existing makeup is also not the halachic guidelines of cosmetics that a. Eyelid – Typically, women apply two permitted.[47] affect women. or three colors of makeup to the differ- d. Chapstick and Vaseline – These may The author wishes to thank Rabbi Shmuel ent areas of the eyelid. It is preferable to not be used on Shabbos, as their use con- Fuerst, Rabbi Dovid Weinberger, Dr. Yossi avoid doing this on Shabbos, since these stitutes jrnn.[48] Scheller, Mrs. Shaindee Kelman of Shain-Dee colors will touch one another and blend. C. MAKEUP REMOVAL – If makeup must Cosmetics (Baltimore, MD), and Mrs. Raizel Therefore, it is best to apply only one be removed on Shabbos, the following Halon of Complete Added Touch (Lakewood, NJ), color of “Shabbos makeup” powder to guidelines apply: for their assistance in preparing this article. 39 All involve the vftkn of gcum and other possible 44 Cosmetic chemists informed us that non-long lasting creams and ointments in a regular way, if necessary. ohruxht including jrnnu vyhjx. powdered blush will be equally non-long lasting on the 49 uwwg wng (cwwku twwk :jwwh ,ut) zwwh whx cwwp ywwj rzghkt .hm whg 40 For a further explanation of this issue, see footnote lips and is a ohhe,n ubhta rcs. 50 kwwmz inkz vnka wrdv oac ywwgex swwh erp fwwaa whg #31. 45 vke, hshk h,t tka hsf 51 zwwb ;hgx oa fwwaa 41 As previously indicated, what is listed as permissible 46 ewwxc tcuv) kwwmz inkz vnka wrdv oac jwwb ;hgx swwh erp fwwaa 52 zwwke whx hwwj hukv yca ,wwua/ Both the derma-technician in this section is only according to Rav Moshe zt”l when ohrh,nvf tksu kwwmz ihhyabhhp van wrdv oac ubgna ifu (cwwbe who applies the permanent makeup and the one upon using approved Shabbos makeup. Rav Shlomo Zalman 47 ohhe,nv rcs huv vzs whom the permanent makeup is applied to, would be zt”l holds it is not permissible. 48 An additional problem may be vtupr (see III-E). It transgressing this prohibition (swwex lwwau cwwx pwwe whx swwuh gwwua). 42 The liquid application from the brush is gcumu vyhjx. should be noted that a vbfx uc ihta vkuj may dab on For a discussion regarding whether other types of cos- Coating lashes without a brush is also prohibited as it is creams or ointments without smearing them. One metic surgery are permissible, see uwwx whx cwwj nwwuj nwwdt. gcum and may lead to vyhjx. whose lips are bleeding or a baby with diaper rash are 53 swwx whx hwwj i,b ,uruvk ,wwuau swwn whx jwwj rhtnv tdra ,wwua 43 swwhe whx twwj jwwut nwwdt included in this category. A vbfx uc aha vkuj may apply ohexup vnfn ubgna ifu

8 NSF International Announces Don’t Miss the Boat: New Alliance with Halachic Guidelines Star-K Kosher Certification CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3 of Kosher Cruises Over the past 25 years, the demand for kosher certified products has increased dra- CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5 matically. Growing at an annual rate of 15 percent for the past several years, 2003 data writing or Kabolas Shabbos compiled by Integrated Marketing turning on lights Although Shabbos can be accepted Communications, Inc., indicates that con- are prohibited. How- early on Friday, it cannot be more than 1 sumers currently spend approximately $165 ever, since Rav Tucazinsky’s 4 1 / hours before sunset, plag hamincha. billion on kosher products. Nearly 10,000 opinion is a minority one, Rabbinic pro- (These hours are halachic hours, which companies produce 75,000 different kosher hibitions, such as shopping or handling depend on the length of the day.) When food products for the kosher consumer, and muktzah, are permissible on that day. on land, one can simply verify the time approximately 3,000 new products are being Furthermore, using a shinui, unusual in a Jewish calendar, or make a calcula- introduced into the kosher market annually. manner, to perform a Biblically pro- tion based on latitude and longitude. As part of efforts to launch this new scribed violation of Shabbos or doing so However, when on the ocean this is not alliance, NSF and STAR-K will develop a through the action of a non-Jew, would so simple. Let us consider a cruise which range of collaborative initiatives that benefit be permitted on Friday. Shabbos would travels southbound at 4:00 p.m. on companies and consumers interested in be kept as usual on Saturday. Friday, July 11th from Sitka, Alaska, and ensuring that products meet the comprehen- Furthermore, according to some arrives at its home port in Vancouver, sive testing and certification standards of poskim, mainland Alaska, even west of BC, on Sunday at 7:00 a.m. There is quite each organization. Current plans under dis- 144.8°, follows the date of Canada and a difference between sunset in Sitka and cussion include a range of topics, such as: the U.S. In other words, the dateline does sunset in Vancouver, as the sunset in establishing web site links, collaborating on not cut through the land mass of Alaska. Sitka is approximately 90 minutes after presentations for both national and interna- (If it were to cut through, then a situa- sunset in Vancouver. tional trade shows, and establishing a joint tion conceivably could arise where two This situation is problematic because certification program. In the coming months, people might be standing next to each it is difficult to know exactly where the the organizations will develop plans involv- other, and one would be observing ship will be at any given moment. For ing collaborative certification efforts, use of Shabbos and the other not.) Rather, the security reasons, cruise lines are reluc- each organization’s mark and other parame- dateline follows the coast of Western tant to release this data to passengers. ters of the alliance. Alaska, down and around its peninsula, Therefore, in our example, one might use STAR-K Kosher Certification, a not-for- and up towards Valdez. At the 144.8° plag hamincha in Sitka (8:02 p.m.) in profit agency, is one of the most trusted longitude line, the dateline cuts straight order to calculate when Shabbos can be kosher certification organizations in the down into the Gulf of Alaska and the accepted. On the southbound trip, the world. With offices throughout the U.S., Pacific Ocean. A person who crossed this plag hamincha would be earlier, so one China, India, Australia, and Israel, STAR-K dateline while at sea on Friday would be can be assured that the earliest time for certifies food products and establishments, as sailing into Shabbos. If he then disem- accepting Shabbos had passed. An alter- well as industrial food chemicals, in over barks in Western Alaska, he is now native would be to ask the captain what 1,000 locations worldwide. The agency is relieved of Shabbos obligations, since, time the sun will set on Friday. In order internationally renowned for its extensive according to these opinions, it is Friday to allow for a margin of error, Shabbos research on the complexities of food science on land. should be accepted no earlier than 75 and modern technology, as they apply to the Generally, around-the-world cruises minutes prior to that time. (On Shabbos, laws of kashruth, putting it on the cutting also present dateline concerns. For the captain again should be asked for the edge of the ever-growing multi-billion dollar instance, one such cruise travels west- time of sunset. Shabbos would end 90 kosher food industry. Star-K is acknowledged ward from the U.S. to China. On this minutes after sunset, allowing for a mar- for its outstanding expertise in the field of cruise, all the possible halachic datelines [22] gin of error. ) These suggestions cannot kosher pharmaceuticals, nutritional supple- are crossed. One would have to carefully necessarily be applied at other times of ments, and medications. For more informa- track the ship in order to determine what [23] the year or in other geographic locations. tion about the STAR-K, call (410) 484-4110 he is permitted to do in each part of the Eruv Chazteiros or visit www.star-k.org. world. What locals call Friday or An Eruv Chazteiros might be needed NSF International, a not-for-profit, non- Sunday in some places may actually be to permit ship passengers to carry. One governmental organization, is the leading Shabbos. should check with his Rav before global provider of public health and safety Dateline determination also affects embarking.[24] risk management solutions in the areas of issues such as Yom Tov, ta’anis, tefilah, food, water, indoor air, and the environment. , and sefiras ha’omer. Ocean travel clearly has evolved from NSF provides product certification and safety a necessity to a luxury. One who desires audits for the food and water industries. such a vacation must verify that every Other services include management systems aspect of the trip will conform to the registrations delivered through NSF standards of halacha and yiras shamayim. International Strategic Registrations, Ltd. and education through the NSF Center for Public The author would like to thank Moshe Health Education. NSF is a World Health Shaller of ChosenVoyage.com and Joel Organization Collaborating Centre for Food Weinberger of Kosher Expeditions for their and Water Safety and Indoor Environment. assistance. Founded in 1944, NSF is headquartered in Ann Arbor, MI and serves companies in 80 22 Bear in mind that this itinerary passes from Alaska Time to Pacific Time (one hour ahead). countries. For more information on NSF, 23 A GPS device and a computer program to calculate davening times may be useful while onboard. 24 This question hinges on a dispute between the Igros Moshe and the Yad Avraham. visit www.nsf.org.

9 OB-GYN by: Rabbi Dovid Heber, Star-K Kashrus Administrator and Kashrus Guide 2004 Joel Pleeter,M.D., F.A.C.O.G., Village OB/GYN Associates LLC hen visiting an obstetrician/gynecologist, a patient may be One who suffers from menopausal symptoms (e.g. hot flashes) given prescriptions or recommendations for an array of should consult a Rav to determine whether she is in the category products by her physician. The patient may be confused of a choleh she'ain bo sakana. A pregnant woman often has the sta- Wabout whether a particular product is kosher. The following guide tus of a choleh she'ain bo sakana. For a further discussion, see was prepared to help clarify the kashrus issues regarding these below. products. Mechush and Baree - One who has a slight discomfort or is Ideally, one should purchase medicinal products and vitamins healthy and takes vitamins and supplements to maintain good with a reliable kosher certification. Unfortunately, this is not health should make every effort to ensure that the product is always possible. In the event a product is not kosher approved, either certified or contains all kosher ingredients. If this is not one should consult her Rav, as one does with any halachic ques- possible, a Rav should be consulted, because in some instances tion. The following guidelines in this regard are the halachic rul- non-kosher products taken shelo k'derech achila may be permissi- ing of Rabbi Moshe Heinemann, Star-K Rabbinic Administrator. ble. Note: The following are general halachic guidelines and cannot During Pregnancy - As indicated above, a pregnant woman possibly cover all scenarios. Under no circumstances should an whose life may be in danger or is in danger of having a miscarriage individual forgo taking a prescribed medication without first con- is a choleh sheyaish bo sakana. A pregnant woman who is suffer- sulting her physician and Rav. ing from non-life threatening complications (e.g. lower back pain often occurring in the third trimester or nausea) is a choleh she'ain Choleh Sheyaish Bo Sakana - Someone who is ill and whose bo sakana and may take any medication shelo k'derech achila, in an life may be in danger. This category uncommon manner, so that she feels includes the following: better. In addition, a pregnant woman • One who has a heart condition, dia- with no known complications who is betes, elevated blood pressure, advised by her physician to take a spe- severe depression or any other seri- cific medicine or vitamin for her benefit ous condition. or for the benefit of the baby (even for • Someone with an infection (except preventive measures) may take a non- for those skin infections known to kosher product shelo k'derech achila if an be non-life threatening, e.g., acne) equally effective kosher variety is not may take anti-biotics. available. • A pregnant woman who is in dan- Prometrium, which is currently only ger (e.g. blood clotting disorder, available in gelatin capsules may be toxemia). taken by a choleh she'ain bo sakana or a • A woman who is in danger of hav- choleh sheyaish bo sakana (e.g. one who ing a miscarriage. requires pregnancy support). Estratest, • A woman who has postpartum which contains gelatin, and Premarin complications that are or may become life threatening. This and Prempro, which may contain non-kosher ingredients, may be may apply for an extended period of time depending on her taken even by a choleh she'ain bo sakana. These products are com- condition. monly prescribed to middle aged women as part of an HRT • A woman who has given birth within the past seven days (Hormone Replacement Therapy) to avoid development of osteo- without any known complications. porosis, a condition which often occurs as women age. In such a • A woman who is in active labor. case, with the advice of her physician, a woman may swallow a In all situations listed above, one must use any necessary non- non-kosher capsule if an equally effective kosher substitute is not kosher medicine, vitamin or supplement if an equally effective available. kosher substitute is not available. If an expert says a product may Dairy - Almost all products listed in the Approved OB-GYN help, it may be taken even if this method is non-conventional and Prescriptions List (next page) contain lactose, a dairy ingredient. not recognized by the medical profession. These dairy products may not be taken for one hour after eating meat, however, since they are swallowed and not chewed, they Choleh She'ain Bo Sakana - Someone whose life is not in dan- may be taken after waiting only one hour. ger, but who is noticeably not functioning up to par due to pain or Shabbos - One who has a mechush on Shabbos may not take illness. This category includes the following: medication or supplements to help alleviate the discomfort. • One who suffers from migraine headaches or mild depres- However, someone classified as a choleh (whether in danger or sion. not) may take any medication necessary. A pregnant woman may • A woman who is experiencing non-life threatening postpar- take all necessary medications and vitamins on Shabbos. Someone tum complications. This may apply for an extended period who is a baree, in good health, and takes a product to change the of time. normal function of the body (e.g. caffeine pills to avoid falling • A woman who has given birth in the past thirty days without asleep), may also take this product on Shabbos. Many products any known problems. listed on the Approved OB-GYN list (next page) are in this catego- ry. These pills may be taken on Shabbos. Those listed above may eat non-kosher or something question- Additional information regarding the kashrus of medications able shelo k'derech achila, in an uncommon way of eating, if a and vitamins can be found on our website at www.star-k.org. kosher alternative is not readily available. Items which are Passover guidelines and medications approved for use on Pesach designed to be swallowed without chewing (caplets, swallow are published annually by the Star-K in conjunction with Kollel tablets or even gelatin capsules), poor tasting chewable tablets, Los Angeles. and poor tasting liquids have a shelo k'derech achila status.

10 Physicians: For reprinting information, please contact Rebecca Mark at the Star-K, 410-484-4110. K ASHRUS GUIDE TO Micronor Dairy (OM) LAXATIVE Mircette Dairy (ORG) Colace Liquid & Syrup (SHR) Modicon Dairy (OM) Ex-Lax Chocolated Pieces Dairy (NVT) MonoNessa Dairy (WTS) Ex-Lax Reg, Max Str & Ultra Pills (NVT) NatalCare CFe 60 Peri-Colace Syrup & Tablets (SHR) OB-GYN When bearing OUD - Dairy (KV) Phillips' Original Milk of Magnesia Liquid (BYR) Necon Dairy (WTS) Senokot-S (Stool Softener) Tabs Dairy (PFR) Medications Nestabs FA When bearing OU (FP) PAIN RELIEVER 2004 Nestabs RX When bearing OU (FP) Aleve Tablets & Caplets (BYR) Nor-QD Dairy (WTS) This is not a Pesach List. Anacin Reg Tabs & Max Str Tabs (WY) This list should not be used after 12/31/04. Nora-BE Dairy (WTS) Bayer (BYR) Nordette Dairy (MNP) Children's Chewable Aspirin (81mg) CERTIFIED PRODUCTS Norinyl Dairy (WTS) Ex Str Plus Aspirin Caplets (500mg) The following is a list of companies with kosher NovaNatal When bearing OU (FP) Darvocet - N50 Tablets (EL) certified supplements, health, and pharmaceuti- NovaStart When bearing OU (FP) Darvocet - N100 Tablets (EL) cal products. Products are certified only when NutriNate Chewables When bearing OU (KV) Ecotrin Aspirin Tablets (SKB) bearing the symbol of the certifying agency. Ogestrel Dairy (WTS) (325mg & 500mg) Ortho-Cept Dairy (OM) Amway/Access Business Group Imitrex Dairy (GSK) Ortho-Cyclen Dairy (OM) Motrin- Childrens & Jr Str Chewable Tabs (MCN) Cell Tech Ortho-Est Dairy (WFH) Maxus International Motrin Reg Str Tabs & Caplets (MCN) Ortho-Novum Dairy (OM) Naprosyn Reg Tabs & Suspn (RC) Melaleuca Ortho-Prefest Dairy (MNP) Nature's Sunshine Percocet Tablets (END) Ortho-Tri-Cyclen Dairy (OM) Percodan Tablets (END) Preventive Medical Group Ovcon Dairy (CHL) Shaklee Percolone Tablets (END) Ovral Dairy (WY) Tylenol Ex Str Tabs & Caplts (MCN) Sunrider Ovrette Dairy (WY) Trout Lake Farm Tylenol Reg Str Tablets (MCN) Prenate Advance When bearing OU (SB) Tylenol Chldrns & Jr Str Soft Chews (MCN) Adwe KAJ Provera Dairy (PFZ) Tylenol With Codeine Tabs & Elixir (OM) Fielding Pharm. OU Remeron Dairy (ORG) Freeda OU Tri-Levlen Dairy (BLX) PRENATAL VITAMINS KV Pharm. OU Tri-Norinyl Dairy (WTS) Advanced NatalCare When bearing OU (KV) Landau Volover Triphasil Dairy (WY) Advanced NatalCare RF When bearing OU (KV) Maxi-Health OU Trivora Dairy (WTS) NatalCare CFe 60 When bearing OUD - Dairy (KV) Mead-Johnson OU Ultra NatalCare When bearing OUD - Dairy (KV) Nestabs FA When bearing OU (FP) Sanofi OU Wellbutrin Reg Tabs (GSK) Nestabs RX When bearing OU (FP) Solgar Kof-K Yasmin Dairy (BLX) NovaNatal When bearing OU (FP) Zovia Dairy (WTS) NovaStart When bearing OU (FP) APPROVED OB-GYN PRESCRIPTIONS NutriNate Chewables When bearing OU (KV) The following is a list of kosher approved tablet ADDITIONAL KOSHER APPROVED PRODUCTS Prenate Advance When bearing OU (SB) products often prescribed by an OB-GYN. Consult OFTEN RECOMMENDED BY OB-GYNS Ultra NatalCare When bearing OUD - Dairy (KV) your physician prior to taking any medication. This Note: This is not a Pesach list.Also, several of SLEEPING AIDS is not a Pesach list. Note that this list only indi- the following products are not recommended Ambien 10mg Tablets Dairy (SRL) cates the kosher status of the product. In regards to during pregnancy. Consult your physician prior to Sominex Original Formula Tabs (GSK) the use of many of these products due to other taking any medication. Unisom Sleep Tablets (PFZ) halachic issues, a Rav should be consulted. Also ALLERGY Vivarin Tablets (GSK) note, the following products not listed are addressed Allegra Tabs (AVT) SUPPLEMENTS - see also Prenatal Vitamins in the article above : Estratest, Premarin, Prempro, Allegra-D Tabs (AVT) Boost When bearing OUD - Dairy (MJ) Prometrium. Benadryl Allergy & Cold Caplets (PFZ) Citracal Reg.Tabs & Liquitabs Advanced NatalCare Benadryl Allergy & Sinus Fastmelt Tabs Dairy (PFZ) Only When bearing OU (MSS) When bearing OU (KV) Chlor Trimeton 4-Hr Allergy Tabs Dairy (SP) Ensure When bearing OUD - Dairy (RS) Alesse Dairy (WY) Claritin Non-Drowsy 24-hr Tabs Dairy (SP) Fero Folic 500 Tabs (ABB) Aygestin Dairy (WY) Claritin-D Non-Drowsy 24-hr Tabs (SP) Ferro-Sequels Tablets Dairy (INV) Brevicon Dairy (WTS) Claritin-D 12-hr Tabs Dairy (SP) Folgard Rx Tablets (USM) Compazine Tablets Dairy (GSK) Sudafed 12-hr Non-Drowsy Tablets (PFZ) Folgard Tablets (USM) Demulen Pareve (SRL) ANTI-DIARRHEAL Iberet Folic 500 Tabs (ABB) Placebo - Dairy Imodium A-D Caplets (MCN) Niferex Tablets (50mg) Dairy (SCH) Desogen Dairy (ORG) Imodium Advanced Chwble Tabs & Caplets (MCN) Niferex Elixir (100mg) (SCH) Diflucan Tabs & Susp (PFZ) Kaopectate Reg/Vanilla, Cherry, Peppermint SlimFast When bearing OUD - Dairy Estrostep Dairy (PD) Liquid (PFZ) Tums When bearing Diamond-K (GSK) Estrostep Fe Dairy (PD) Kaopectate Ex Str Liquid (PFZ) Regular - Asstd Fruit, Peppermint Tabs Femhrt Dairy (PD) E-X - Asstd Berries, Asst Fruit, Asst Tropical DIAGNOSTIC Fruit,Wintergreen Tabs Fosamax Dairy (MRK) Glucose Tolerance Beverage OU (FS) Jolivette Dairy (WTS) Ultra - Asst Berries, Asst Fruit, Asst Tropical Glucose Tolerance Beverage OU (CH) Fruit, Peppermint, Spearmint Tabs Levlen Dairy (BLX) Glucose Tolerance Beverage OU (ND) Levora Dairy (WTS) 500 Calcium - Asstd Fruit, Peppermint Tabs GoLytely Beverage (BRT) Cool Relief Cool Mint Tabs Dairy Lo/Ovral Dairy (WY) NuLytely Beverage (BRT) Loestrin Dairy (PD) E-X Fresh Blends Tabs Dairy Loestrin Fe Dairy (PD) FIBER Viactiv When bearing OUD - Dairy (MJ) Low-Ogestrel Dairy (WTS) Citrucel Caplets (GSK) THYROID Menest Dairy (MNP) Citrucel Reg & Sug. Fr. Powder (GSK) Levothroid Dairy (FR) Microgestin Dairy (WTS) Fibercon Caplets (ESL) Synthroid Tablets Dairy (KNL) Microgestin Fe Dairy (WTS) Metamucil - All Powders (PG) Unithroid Dairy (WTS) Products Always Approved: The following are products that may always be used without kosher certification: Antibiotics for an infection - except for those skin infections known to be non-life threatening (e.g. acne), Enemas, Intravenous (IV), Externally applied products including: Antiseptics, Creams, Dermatologicals, Emollients, Gels, Injections, Rubbing Alcohols, Lotions, Oils, Ointments, Powders, Shampoo, Soaps. Manufacturers ABB Abbott Labs EL Eli Lily INV Inverness Medical MRK Merck PFR Purdue Frederick SHR Shire AVT Aventis END Endo Labs KNL Knoll MSS Mission PFZ Pfizer SP Schering Plough BLX Berlex FP Fielding Pharm. KV KV Pharmaceutical - ND Nerl Diagnostic PG Proctor & Gamble SRL Searle BRT Braintree Labs FR Forest Ethex Brand NVT Novartis RC Roche USM Upsher Smith BYR Bayer FS Fisher Scientific MCN McNeil OM Ortho-McNeil RS Ross WFH Women First CH Cardinal Health GLX Glaxo MJ Mead Johnson ORG Organon SB Sanofi-Bio Healthcare CHL Warner Chilcott GSK Glaxo Smithkline MNP Monarch Pharm. PD Parke-Davis SCH Schwarz WTS Watson WY Wyeth

11 STAR-K KOSHER CERTIFICATION National Kashrus Lecture Series Star-K Kosher Certification Now Rabbi Moshe Heinemann / Rabbi Shmuel Heinemann Available! A non-profit agency representing K the Kosher consumer in promoting Kashrus through Education, Research and Supervision. Kashrus Queens, NY - November 4, 2003 Cassettes: FOUNDING EDITOR: Phone: (410) 484-4110 A.J. Levin Fax: (410) 653-9294 Please send me the following tape series: EDITOR: E-mail: [email protected] ■ SERIES A – at $7.50 per set (includes shipping) Rabbi Tzvi Rosen www.star-k.org BROOKLYN, NY - JULY 29, 2003 / MONTICELLO, NY - JULY 30, 2003 Beware! Glatt may not always be Kosher: Copyright: 2004. Star-K Certification, Inc. The Truth about Kosher Meat and Poultry All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form RABBI MOSHE HEINEMANN without permission of Star-K Certification, Inc. Kashrus on the Rocks: An Analysis of Wine, Whiskey & Beer RABBI TZVI ROSEN Medicines & Vitamins: Kashrus Issues and Shabbos Usage This publication is dedicated to the memory of RABBI DOVID HEBER Shabbos & Yom Tov Appliances: The Newest Ovens & Refrigerators M. Leo Storch, of Blessed Memory RABBI TZVI ROSEN Through a grant from Moderator: Dr. Avrom Pollak Mrs. M. Leo Storch and Family ■ SERIES B: KASHRUS CONSIDERATIONS – at $4.50 per set (incl. shipping) QUEENS, NY - NOVEMBER 4, 2003 Meat and Poultry RABBI MOSHE HEINEMANN Caterers and Restaurants Subscriptions- $10 annually for 4 issues. RABBI SHMUEL HEINEMANN Moderator: Dr. Avrom Pollak Kashrus Kurrents is also available on the web at www.star-k.org or via e-mail by sending a blank e-mail Name ______to [email protected] Address ______Name ______Address ______City/State/Zip ______Phone ______City ______State ______Zip ______Phone ______Please send checks and form to : STAR-K CERTIFICATION, INC. Att: Lecture Series Please send checks made payable to KASHRUS KURRENTS: 122 Slade Avenue, Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21208-4996 122 Slade Avenue, Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21208-4996 Phone: (410) 484-4110, Fax: (410) 653-9294 Phone: (410) 484-4110 • Fax: (410) 653-9294 Visit us online at: www.star-k.org

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