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Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature Within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan

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Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature Within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan Geochemistry, Petrography, and Volcanology of Rhyolites of the Portage Lake Volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1970-A,B AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in th current-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geologic^ Survey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publication that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Pric and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updatei monthly, which is for sale in microfiche from U.S. Geological Survey Book and Open-File Report Sales, Box 25425, Denver, C( 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over th( Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey Public Inquirie: of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single copies Offices, all of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent o of Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, Documents: and some miscellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Rm. 101, 4230 University Dr. obtainable by mail from ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Federal Bldg., Rm. E-146, 701 C St U.S. Geological Survey, Book and Open-File Report Sales DENVER, Colorado-Federal Bldg., Rm. 169, 1961 Stout St. Box 25425 LAKEWOOD, Colorado-Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Denver, CO 80225 MENLO PARK, California-Bldg. 3 (Stop 533), Rm. 3128, 34! Middlefield Rd. Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and RESTON, Virginia-503 National Center, Rm. 1C402, 12201 Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY from Sunrise Valley Dr. the SALT LAKE CITY, Utah-Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105, 125 South Superintendent of Documents State St. Government Printing Office SAN FRANCISCO, California Customhouse, Rm. 504, 555 Washington, D.C. 20402 Battery St. (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of SPOKANE, Washington-U.S. Courthouse, Rm. 678, West 920 Documents.) Riverside Ave. WASHINGTON, D.C.-Main Interior Bldg., 2600 corridor, 18th and C Sts., NW. Maps For maps, address mail orders to Maps U.S. Geological Survey, Map Sales Maps may be purchased over the counter at the U.S. Geological Box 25286 Survey offices where books are sold (all addresses in above list) and at Denver, CO 80225 the following U.S. Geological Survey offices: Residents of Alaska may order maps from ROLLA, Missouri 1400 Independence Rd. U.S. Geological Survey, Map Sales DENVER, Colorado Map Distribution, Bldg. 810, Federal 101 Twelfth Ave. - Box 12 Center Fairbanks, AK 99701 FAIRBANKS, Alaska-New Federal Bldg., 101 Twelfth Ave. Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan By WILLIAM F. CANNON and SUZANNE W. NICHOLSON Geochemistry, Petrography, and Volcanology of Rhyolites of the Portage Lake Volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan By SUZANNE W. NICHOLSON Chapters A and B are issued as a single volume and are not available separately U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1970-A,B CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, Jr., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1992 For sale by Book and Open-File Report Sales U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cannon, William F. Revisions of stratigraphic nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of northern Michigan / by William F. Cannon and Suzanne W. Nicholson. Geochemistry, petrography, and volcanology of rhyolites of the Portage Lake Volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan / by Suzanne W. Nicholson. p. cm. (Contributions to the geology and mineral resources of the Midcontinent rift system ; ch. A-B) (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1970 A-B) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3:1970 A-B I. Geology, Stratigraphic Proterozoic. 2. Volcanic ash, tuff, etc. Michi­ gan. 3. Rhyolite Michigan Keweenaw Peninsula. 4. Porcupine Volcanics (Mich.) 5. Bergland Group (Mich.) 6. Copper Harbor Conglomerate (Mich.) 7. Portage Lake Volcanics (Mich.) I. Nicholson, Suzanne, W. II. Nicholson, Suzanne W. Geochemistry, petrography, and volcanology of rhyolites of the Portage Lake Volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. 1992. III. Title. IV. Series. V. Series: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1970 A-B. QE75.B9 no. 1970 A-B [QE653.5] 557.3 s-dc20 [551.7'15'09774] 91^7744 CIP Chapter A Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan By WILLIAM F. CANNON and SUZANNE W. NICHOLSON A new formation name (Porcupine Volcanics) and a new group name (Bergland Group) are proposed for Middle Proterozoic volcanic units in northern Michigan, and a sedimentary unit (Copper Harbor Conglomerate) is recorrelated U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1970 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM CONTENTS Abstract Al Introduction Al Porcupine Volcanics Al Historical Background Al Stratigraphic Name and Type Area A2 Distribution and Thickness A4 Lithology A4 Stratigraphic Boundaries and Relations to Adjacent Formations A5 Age A6 Bergland Group A6 Correlation of the Copper Harbor Conglomerate A6 Conclusions A7 References Cited A8 FIGURES 1. Stratigraphic columns of Keweenawan Supergroup rocks in northern Michigan A2 2. Geologic map showing the distribution of units within the Keweenawan Supergroup in the western part of the northern peninsula of Michigan A3 3. Schematic diagram showing the relation of the Porcupine Volcanics to surrounding units and showing radiometric ages A5 CONVERSION FACTORS Multiply By To obtain millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.) centimeter (cm) .3937 inch (in.) meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) kilometer (km) .6214 mile (mi) Contents III Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan William F. Cannon and Suzanne W. Nicholson Abstract PORCUPINE VOLCANICS The Porcupine Volcanics is here defined as a forma­ We here define the Porcupine Volcanics as a litho- tion consisting of rhyolite, andesite, basalt, and minor interflow sedimentary rocks. It conformably overlies the stratigraphic unit of formational rank. The name comes Portage Lake Volcanics, and the two formations together from the Porcupine Mountains of northern Michigan. The are defined as the Bergland Group of the Keweenawan Porcupine Volcanics consists of a sequence of rhyolites, Supergroup. The Porcupine Volcanics has been recog­ andesites, basalts, and minor sedimentary rocks that form a nized as a distinct unit for more than 20 years but has not distinctive Stratigraphic unit in the western part of the been formally named; it was referred to previously as the northern peninsula of Michigan (fig. 2). "unnamed formation." Also, we change the Stratigraphic correlation of the Copper Harbor Conglomerate from "middle Kewee­ Historical Background nawan" of old usage to the Oronto Group. This correla­ tion is almost universally accepted by current workers in The Keweenawan volcanic rocks north of the the region. Keweenaw fault in Michigan were not given formal strati- graphic names until the past few decades. Nevertheless, a INTRODUCTION detailed internal stratigraphy was recognized, and units, commonly consisting of individual flows or conglomerates, The Keweenawan Supergroup in the Lake Superior were informally named and traced over large regions as region of the United States and Canada is composed of a early as the late 1800's as a result of the importance of very thick sequence of subaerially deposited volcanic rocks, stratigraphy in the exploration for the native copper deposits mostly flood basalt, and clastic sedimentary rocks. The for which these rocks are famous (see for instance, Lane, supergroup was deposited in and near the Midcontinent rift 1911; Butler and Burbank, 1929). The volcanic rocks on the during a period of Middle Proterozoic continental rifting. Keweenaw Peninsula were formally named Portage Lake Most units of the Keweenawan Supergroup have been Volcanics by White and others (1953) for exposures near formally named, and a correlation of units between geo­ Portage Lake in Houghton County, Mich. (fig. 2). In that graphically separated areas has been generally agreed upon area, the Portage Lake Volcanics is
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