MAGAZINE O/HISTORY
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WISCONSIN MAGAZINE o/HISTORY 1 IMP Published Quarterly sir- eptembei WISCONSIN MAGAZINE of HISTORY EDWARD P. ALEXANDER, Editor LILLIAN KRUEGER, Associate Editor CONTENTS Chats with the Editor Edward P. Alexander 1 The Naming of the " Four Lakes" Frederic G. Cassidy 7 John Rogers Commons, 1862-1945 Selig Perlman 25 The Old Indian Agency House at Portage Bertha A. Holbrook 32 Black Hawk Rides Again—A Glimpse of the Man Jay Monaghan 43 Fifty-two Years of Frank Lloyd Wright's Progressivism, 1893-1945 John Fabian Kienitz 61 Peter Schuster, Dane County Farmer (III) Rose Schuster Taylor 72 DOCUMENTS: A Glimpse of Early Merrimac Grace Partridge Smith 85 BOOK NOTES 89 THE SOCIETY AND THE STATE 112 The WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published quarterly by the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN, 816 State Street, Madison, 6. Distributed to members as part of their dues (Annual membership, $3.00; Life, $30). Yearly subscription, $3.00; single number, 75 cents. Communications should be addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by contributors. Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Madison, Wis- consin, under the act of August 24, 1912. Copyright 1945 by the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN. Paid for by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editorial Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. THE COVER THE JOHNSON WAX COMPANY BUILDING AT RACINE, 1936-39. This is one of the best known of the buildings recently designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. For an estimate of his work, see Professor Kienitz' article in this issue. Photograph reproduced through the courtesy of Johnson's Wax. WISCONSIN MAGAZINE of HISTORY J^, Volume 29 September 1945 Number 1 Chats with the Editor ISAPPOINTMENT is always hard to take. We regret, then, to have to report that the 1945 Wisconsin Legislature D did not provide the half-million dollars we need to modernize our forty-five year old building and expand it to serve the Society's and the State's present-day needs. The appropriation was included in the Governor's Building Program, but the passage of the Highway Segregation Act seems to ™ °?fj. 6 ™ have caused the paring down of that pro- Bmldtng Program . T . , —, -r T • • • , Came Out &ram b? the Leglslature- The University of Wisconsin, the Department of Public Wel- fare, and the Society were the chief losers in the compromise bill which was then passed. The Society, however, can look forward to postwar action which will solve some part of its building problem. Since the completion of the Society's building in 1900, it has been shared with the main University of Wisconsin Library. The appropri- ation by the Legislature to the university, though heavily cut, is large enough to assure the construction of a new University Library which will cost about $1,800,000, and the University Board of Regents has given that project a high priority in its building program. Thus the day is not too far off when the University Library will leave our building, almost doubling the amount of space we 2 CHATS WITH THE EDITOR [September shall have for book stacks and facilities for readers. We shall continue to serve the university as a library for American studies, and with interest in these subjects increasing and the armed forces returning home, we can foresee a renaissance in the use of our collections by university scholars. No doubt we shall be able to take better care of the reading public than we could previously. Unfortunately, though, the removal of the University Library will not allow us to solve our museum space problems. We shall try to redesign the lower floor of our building to use most of it for museum purposes, but we cannot gtt away from the necessity of keeping most of our exhibits on the hard-to-reach fourth floor. Worst of all, we shall not have auditorium space to allow us to carry on efficiently a program with the public schools of the state. There is a fundamental conflict between the interests of quiet research scholars and of school children bubbling over with enthusiasm. The half-million dollar improvement we had planned would have largely divided the two groups in our building, with a separate entrance, stairways, and auditorium for our museum teaching program. We should say, though, that the Legislature was not at all un- mindful of the needs of the Society. Our regular appropriation was increased by about $25,000 for the next biennium—bringing the Society back to pre-depression par—and a bill was passed to modify the state printing system so that this Magazine and our books need not be printed under the unsatisfactory general class contract system. Another new law allows us to liberalize our interlibrary loans. We sincerely thank all the members of the Society and especially the Board of Curators for their help in presenting our case to the Legislature. We would say a special word of appreciation for our good friends among the newspaper editors of the state. We charge our defeat, not to any unfriendliness of the Legislature to the Society, but to a complicated general state financial and political situation over which we could have no control. We plan to fight again, to keep plugging for what the Society needs if it is to do its full duty by the State. 1945] CHATS WITH THE EDITOR 3 ASSEMBLYMAN FRED L. FEIERSTEIN of Random Lake represents Ozaukee County in the Wisconsin Legislature. He got to thinking one day on the problem of how best the war records of the nearly ^ __. 2,000 service men and women from his County Histonans ,. , . '. county could be preserved . He recalle1t d for Wisconsin ' . _ ,. * . _ . 1 . that after World War I, commercial history writing companies sent representatives into several Wisconsin counties to prepare histories of the counties in the war and that sometimes this work was too hurried and inaccurate to be very satisfactory. Why not, thought Mr. Feierstein, have such work done by the county itself? Why not set up a new office of county historian? Mr. Feierstein thereupon introduced a bill which was passed by the Legislature creating section 59.08(48) of the statutes. The law allows county boards to set up the position of county historian who shall receive such compensation as the board may fix. It shall be the duty of such county historian to collect and preserve the records of the Indians and the early pioneers, the ex- periences of military men and women and the records of their service; to mark and compile data concerning places of historical interest in the county; and to perform such other duties relating to the collection, preservation, compilation and publication of historical data as the board may prescribe. The board may provide the county historian with a fire- proof safe or vault in which to keep papers and documents, with clerical assistance and such other needs as will enable him to adequately perform his duties. The board may require such reports as it may determine. The chief immediate duty of county historians will probably be to work on the history of county participation in World War II. But the law is broadly enough drawn to allow such a historian to become a permanent officer of the county. In New York State where an extensive system of local historians exists, the county historians not only answer historical inquiries for all county offices, but also look after noncurrent records of the county and cooperate with the State Historian's Office in marking historical sites, con- ducting centennial celebrations, and the like. A Society of County Historians has been organized there, and this summer the State Historian's Office held an institute for local historians at which they received instruction in library, museum, record keeping, and historical publication matters. In New York, too, the county 4 CHATS WITH THE EDITOR [September historian often acts as a coordinating center for historical affairs in the county, working especially closely with any local historical society or societies which may exist. No sooner had the Wisconsin county historian law passed than various counties began to take steps looking to the creation of the new office. So far as we have heard, the first county to appoint such an officer is Oconto County. There the energetic Oconto County Historical Society, whose acting president is Mrs. Cleo F. Meeuwsen, has since its organization in 1940 furnished a fine museum in the old Beyer Homestead in Oconto which is owned by the county. On July 19 the Oconto County Board passed a resolu- tion asking the historical society to nominate a county historian and appropriating to the society for the expenses and salary of this county historian until the end of the year the sum of $500. The society has nominated and the board appointed as county historian Mr. Frank DonLevy, treasurer of the society. Thus begins a promising experiment in developing county his- torical interest. Our warmest congratulations go to Mr. Feierstein and to the enlightened people of Oconto County who have been responsible for pioneering in this new field. We understand that several other counties are planning to take similar action. FOR MANY YEARS one of the greatest treasures of this Society has been its Draper Collection of Manuscripts. It consists of 469 folio .,. r7 . j volumes of manuscript materials on the Microfilming and An i_ wr T 7 history or the old trans-Allegheny West, Lammattng the , ,, r , . , ~ u .., .,_ the bulk or them covering the regio& n Draper Manuscripts r , .