The Geological Societyof America, Inc. Microform Publication20
Geology of the Grand Canyon: An Annotated Bibliography with an Annotated Catalogue of Grand Canyon Type Fossils
Volume 4
Third Supplement (to 1989) with Supplement to the Annotated Bibliography of the World Literature on the Grand Canyon Type Fossil
Chuaria circularis Walcott, 1899
Earle E. Spamer Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
Published ..., The Geological Society of America 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301
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All material subject to this copyright and included in this volume may be photocopied for the noncommercial purpose of scientific or educational advancement.
Published by The Geological Sor.iety of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301
Printed in U.S.A.
Library of Congress cataloging-In-Publication Data (Revised for vol. 4)
Spamer, Earle F. Geology of the Grand Canyon [microform].
(Microform publication The Geological Society of 1 America; 13-14, 20) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: [v. 1. without special title]- v. 2. Sup plement to the annotated bibliography (1857-1983) sup plement and revisions to the annotated catalogue -- v. 4. Third supplement (to 19R9) with supple ment to the Annotated bibliography of the world litera ture on the Grand Canyon type foss;l Chuaria circularis Walcot, 1899. 1. Geology-Arizona-Grand Cany:m-Bibliography. 2. Paleontology-Arizona-Grand Canyon-Bibliography. I. Geological Society of Ameri::a. II. Trtle. Ill. Series. VI. Series: Microform publication; 13, etc. Z6034.U5A75 1983 016.55791'32 (QE86.G73] 83-5538 ISBN 0-8137-6013-5 (microfiche : v. 1)
Volumes 1-3 were published by the Geological Society of America in 1983, 1984, and 1988, as ��icroform Publications 13, 14, and 17.
This volume is published on microfiche, and any statements or acts pertaining to taxonomic nomenclature are intended for permar.ent, public, scientific record, in accordance with the International Code of ZoologicalNomenclature (3rd edition, 1985, Article 8t(ii)).- The author.
Author's address: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19th and the Parkway Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
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Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Introduction 4 Grand Canyon Stratigraphic Nomenclature 7
Part I
Annotated Bibliography of Grand canyon Geology (Supplement) 23
Contents 24 Introduction 25 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 Index to Authors Listed in Volume 4 of the Annotated Bibliography of Grand Canyon Geology Index to Names 117 Chronological Index 130
Part II
Annotated catalogue of Grand canyon Type Fossils (Supplement) 145
Contents 146 Introduction 147 ANNOTATED CATALOGUE 148 References Cited 166
Part III
An Annotated Bibliography of the World Literature on the Grand canyon Type Fos�il Chuaria circularis Walcott, 1899, an Index Fossil for the Late Proterozoic (Supplement) 168
Introduction 169 Annotated Bibliography 170 Index to Authors Cited in Supplement to Annotated Bibliography on Chuaria circularis Walcott Author Names 177 Chronological List 178
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Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
This is the fourth volume (third supplement) to the series, Geology of the Grand Canyon: An Annotated Bibliography with an Annotated catalogue of Grand Canyon Type Fossils. Volumes 1-3 were published in 1983, 1984, and 1988 as Geological Society of America Microform Publications 13, 14, and 17. The current volume includes references found as late as September, 1989, but by no means does this imply that the bibliography and catalogue ' are comprehensive to that date. In preparing this supplement, every attempt has been made to make it as up-to-date as possible, but bibliographical work by definition implies continuous updating. Volume 4 thus only supplements Volumes 1-3 by adding to the list of known Grand Canyon geological literature, and emends a few of the earlier entries.
The opportunity is taken here to update some of the introductory material that appeared in Volume 1. Revised keys to Grand Canyon stratigraphy are included (taken from Spamer, 1989 ; see entry no. 1539 herein) . These keys summarize the Grand Canyon stratigraphic column as presently defined and illustrate the use of the various formational names by various authors between 1856 and 1989 .
This volume has been completed at this time to make way for the completion of a much larger work, an annotated index to Grand Canyon geology (excluding paleontology) . The index will be a guide to the Grand Canyon geological literature organized by general subject: geologic maps , cross-sections , measured stratigraphic sections , correlation charts , photographs and other pictorial views, data presented in graphic and tabular form, field guides, and miscellaneous lists. The index will be cross referenced by geographic locality and stratigraphic position. It
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is designed to be used by itself, but it is also cross-referenced through supplementary indexes to Volumes 1-4 of the Annotated Bibliography of Grand Canyon Geology . Completion of the index is expected soon . A similar index to Grand Canyon paleontology is still in preparation .
In the present volume , the supplement to the Annotated catalogue of Grand Canyon Type Fossils updates previous entries . No new Grand Canyon Type Fossils are recorded in this volume , so the complete list remains as it appeared in Vol . 3.
The present volume also sup�lements a bibliography which first appeared in Vol . 3, the "Annotated Bibliography of the World Literature on the Grand canyon Type Fossil Chuaria circularis Walcott , 1899 , an Index Fossil for the Late Proterozoic." New entries are provided herein.
The summer of 1989 was a historical one for geologists who study the Grand canyon . The 28th International Geological Congress, whic� convened in Washington , D.C. , 9-19 July , offered a variety of ambitious field trips throughout North America . Two trips--one before and one after the meetings in Washington- travelled down the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon , from Lees Ferry to Pierce Ferry , Lake Mead . In researching previous in�ernationally-sponsored trips to the Grand canyon , I discovered that no such trip had ever been made on the Colorado River. Several previous trips had visited the Canyon , either on the South Rim and North Rim; they had descended into the Canyon on some of the trails. The 28�h IGC trip that departed from Lees Ferry on 27 June (having organized the previous day in Las Vegas, Nevada) was the first internationally-sponsored group of geologists to travel down the river. The 20 registrants , with four crew members in two pontoon rafts , spent nine days on the river. Every aspect of Grand Canyon geology was examined, from
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basement petrology and regional tectonics to river hydraulics and sedimentation.
The IGC guidebook ( Elston et al ., eds., 1989; entry no. 1383 herein) fer the Grand Canyon trips is the most comprehensive compendium of Grand Canyon geology to date . Spamer (1989 ; entry no . 1539 herein) prepared a summary volume that was distributed to the IGC river trip registrants, on The Development of Geological Studies in the Grand Canyon . It provides a view of how Grand Canyon geological research advanced from its beginnings, and completes the coverage of Grand canyon geological studies first presented in 1984 in a similar review of Grand Canyon paleontology (Spamer, 1984 ; see entry no . 1281 in Vol . 3 of the annotated bibliography) .
As time passes, the need will arise to issue a fifth volume in this series. In the meantime, new material--and newly found older material--will continue to be compiled. The author will gratefully acknowledge receipt of citations which have been missed in these volumes, and reprints of new papers will be a welcome addition to the library on Grand Canyon geology which has been assembled .
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7
GRAND CANYON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE
The following pages are reproduced from Spamer ( 1989, Tryonia, no. 17, Appendices A-D, pp . 56-68), with minor modifications in the notes . These tables summarize the Grand Canyon stratigraphic column as presently defined, and illustrate the evolution of nomenclature of the Grand Canyon stratigraphic column as it appeared in certain key references . The tables were based on a more comprehensive survey of more than 100 references which remains in manuscript form .
Table 1. Grand Canyon stratigraphic column . Table 2. Development of Grand Canyon Paleozoic stratigraphic nomenclature . Table 3. Development of stratigraphic nomenclature of the Middle and Late Proterozoic Grand Canyon Supergroup . Table 4. Development of stratigraphic nomenclature of the Early Proterozoic Vishnu Group .
References cited in each table can be located in Vols. 1-4 of the Annotated Bibliography of Grand Canyon Geology . A comprehensive author index for Vols . 1-3 appears at the end of Vol . 3. ,.
Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 "' l TABLE 1. GRAND CANYON STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN
-
- .-- � :> Original Description 0 Lithostratigraphic Units· lhronostrdt graphic Units .. - -- :-- I Formation ... - .. � .... of of .. :> Thicknes� nv1ro ,.,,,.� 0. 0 fipnerd I I Ithoi oqy I (h•JIU"»I l lt)O 'l(dCif" l'l'riOd [rd :> .. Formation Member "'' V\ .., (h) ' -- � =.,
Gregory (1915) lluvl.tl .. Chinle Fonoatlon Shlnaru11p Conglo11erar.- 25 (7. 6} ConKloml"ratt• ------.. ---�-----� ...... _, -- ;:-0 lr ld:,:il' .. Hoenkopt Fonaatlon 481 l t•, uv u -0 liard (1901) (147} Sand�Jtunt•, 'iha llmt•'Jt4HW t l l .. •l•·i l.lll ------.. _____ ..____ n a lpha Is fa< tt· .. R.-db.. dK, t�ln ltm��tones� local Rt•Krt•6lttlng :.t'il gypsu11 1- -- Darton (1910) Kalbab Foraatlon beta S facies 200 (61} Llaestones to west, grades I nto Haxlmun1 advanct- j -- &andstones to east
,_a ,- Redbeds; other sandstones, Mhales; Tran1gr�sslng �ea reworked underlying unit� I ------alphaj 2 facies Redbeds, thin I hustones, local Regressing �ea ! I gypsu•
Hasstve llm�stone, more •agnPstan ��-,=-- Early Toroveap Formation beta .....:! 100 to east; thick to Vt!st, thin to Haxlmu� advance l. 'lcKt'e (1918) 2 facies (91} ennard l an t:1, .. an I.... e east Per•I .... esl� - s K- ..,�.� •- Redbrds; othrr sanddtonrs. shales; Transgre sing 'lea J reworked underlying units ------1.:1• J :a Coconino Sandstone 60-100 sert dunes !, · n (1910) Croas-bedded clean, well-sort�d De :�: (18-91} quartz aand _ _ .... • Noble (1922) Henolt Shale Shalea, aandatones Fluvlo-deltalc .... l00-1b or • .. (91-J s in.ietemrinate 0 Cnnv�rR�nc� of I"'' .. Sand•tonrs. sandy audstonPS I � I llhtte 2�0-800 s r "' boun
())
Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Table 1 (cont'd)
-..-...,.. ... 1"1-12 t llorsesh?r Hesa l.l••"•tunt"l, hedded c-ht.-rt-. fh•Rr..·�'ln� ,, .. Ht•r . • • {11-38) , un t 1.111 __.... _...... -� .....------. . ' .. =.. Hooney Falin 2011- )� Dolo101les and l ston &o Tr.-tnqgr£''"'' In� cw.t �., (61-107) lnu• p Glibrt (187�) R"dwall I. hot'S tone :;; 711-10� l Thunder Springs :.:: Bedded cherts and dolomite� Rl'grt'sslng �"" n, .• g an 0 (21-30) ------.. -- -·- �-·------"'0 ------... �--- -- .. f-·-!01) lt•ore Wash Fine-grained dolomites Trdnsgresslng sea � (30) --- !J Eaetern Dlscontlnu- �ennlan G� Canyon: ! ous carbonate channel-fill de- lntert I da sht'lf l.ate 0-1,000 poalts In top of Huav Ll•estone. Walenll (1890) TMple Butte Frasnian U.,vontan Weetern Canyon: Carbonate Ll•eatone (0-J05) Grand channel-fill deposits overlstn by Shallow suprst IdaI shelf tddle ...tla do l-Ites. .!!. 'J1Devo ia ___.. __ "Tv onlann n 70-150 pe.V wta��eign.d Dola.ltea Regre:oslng sea pr lAte (21-46) pr Hlddle a.br an t Kava au Lt•estones Regr•sslng sea - Ha·.. t•..- advance, b"�lnnlng Gateway Canyon Ll•eatones, alltstones ·----- _____ -- ., �!.&!�'Ln • Ltaeatonea, siltstones, shales, .... Kanab Canyon 1'ransgreaa lng s"a .. dolo.lt.,a1 sandstones --�------0 H 0 Peach Springs J.t•eat ones Tr�nsgresslng dea ... ·-- -. - 1�0-800 ______. .. - n Hohle (1914) Huav l.. l•ea :one U1111Q1116dunit (46-:ff) Shales Regtes�fng -sea------I------st•a Spencer Canyon Llaeatones slltutones r------Tran� � ----.·-· ------X �� '!_ Hl•ldlc -d:mit Shales R�gress I ng --·- -- ·-- � "�•"·1-· ------. Sanu;- Plateau Lt•eatones, slltstoneq Transgrt-'lslng c;e.1 -· ------... u-d unit Shalea Rrgresslng sed ::J ·------_ ... -- 0 .. Ca•brtan �part Cave Llaestones, shales Transgressing s�a ------·- () -- --- ..0 Flour S•ck Shales, siltstones, 1 hoestone11 Regresalng sea (,.lnur) c: . -4------0 ... HerI wit tea Dolo.ttes Transgressing ""a ------_, U111'1Q11Wdunit Shales -Rt'gressing- ____ sea _,.._ ------___------___ ,- ---- 200-4SO H l ( 1914) Bright Angel Shale - TransgrPastng �ea oh � Tlncanebtts Dolu.ttes -- - (61-137) ------· ·- - --�- unit --- Shales ------UllldfHI \D Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 6 ------�------ Table 1 (cont'd) ------�---- - � e t Ura confo rrnity Ford and llr.... l.ovcr, •lddle, and d T � Rrt..•ct·Ja""•'G re as andst nt!S, ...h.t)t"q, Slxt�lle Formation 110 antJ,II·h· (1912, 197)) upper •..-bers; all dnln,.ttt•R, f)uart7llt•�n I •l••hr 1•. uncunforooable {,17} -.. - --- - ·----- Ool01•ltes, shall'R, cl><'rty l•l�ullll 818 Walcott brds ; ba�al fln"·Kr�ln�d lld�Y r tru• ;;; (255} ... dolUOiltt' l.,,·u-..t . __ - ·-- -·- - .___ ------.... --... ----·-· Ford and llr<'ed Kv�gunt Forooa lon I � 1,128 Argillaceous shales, triUdstont•s, Tl ddl r Iat t r- ; (191l, 1971) Avatubl 00 (J74} thin frrruglnous siltston s 1 acustr tru.• 1-' 0 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 11 Notes to Table 1 A. Primary references for this table: Babcock et al . (1979) , Beus (1980) , Billingsley (1978) , Billingsley and Beus (1985) , Brown et al . (1979) , Clark (1979) , Ford and Breed (1973), McKee (1933 , 1938, 1963, 1982) , McKee and Gutschick (1969) , McKee and Resser (1945) , Stevenson and Beus (1982) . See also Elston (1989) for suggested modifications to the stratigraphic division and nomenclature of the Cambrian Tonto Group in the Grand Canyon . B. Lithologic thicknesses listed for the Shinarump conglomerate Member of the Chinle Formation, and for the Moenkopi Formation, are thicknesses where these strata occur at Cedar Mountain , the nearest outcrops of these units to the Grand Canyon . c. Some formations and stratigraphic members are not continuous through the length of the Grand Canyon . The Pakoon Limestone intertongues with the Supai Group but is not a part of that group . D. The "Great Unconformity" is an angular unconformity . Where exposed, the Cambrian Tapeats Sandstone lies upon Middle Proterozoic-age rocks of the Grand Canyon Supergroup or upon the Early Proterozoic Vishnu Group . In places , resistant hummocks of the Shinumo Quartzite were islands in the Tapeats Sea . E. Rocks of the Vishnu Group are most dramatically exposed in the eastern Grand Canyon's Inner Gorge , where >3 35 m (>1,100 ft) vertical exposures are found . Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 TABLE 2. DEVELOPMENT OF GRAND CANYON PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE ------·--- --·�------� -�------.. Format ion MARCOU HOI.LHAUSEN NEWBf:RRY GII.BERT IIIII rorN POWf.l.l. Will fOri 1\H.'llllii••N •. I rr:. I) pl. (1876) (111110) (I (UIH!, !I!) - (18'i6, 18S8) (1860?, 1861) (1861) (187�) .. - -- • _M______------======----= -=----=--=-�-=-- ;�-=�=�-==. ·:-::-··:---: :-:; Upper Aubrey · · · -=t--. -- :== =-- -ci.�·riy------Ka 1bab Fm. Group llppt·r Upper llmcsto.,...-s ------Limestone ------• Aubrt•y -Auhrey- ., ll-I�P;r- Toroweap Fm. tower Aubrey . m to e l l es n g ------cross-h�dded � Cross- Aubrey -��- Group c Cocon1no. Ss. Pemian l:i stratified sa dsto e Unter· g _ n n :'! sandstones Group __ - �·------1! ------.. 1: Magnesian Steinkohlen- � l.ower Aubrey � Hermit Sh. u Red l. w r Group o e Limestone Fomat'on ! o er Aubrey . w calcareous � Esplanade Ss. � Aut.rey sandstone � � Group � s .!! d , � � � San to s r es c Wescogame Fm. ::> Red "' .. .&.. wlth 6 Red - "' "'c gypsum � Wall u Manakacha Fm. �� A5 _ Gr u ______.• Wall ------____ o p :; lll•l•t>r Kt·d W.J II �c - --- -f--1--·- -- u ... � Watahomigi Fm. l.ower Red Rt•d 0� (;rnup Surprise Canyon Wall Red Carboniferous Oevonlsche � Wall • Fll. '.= � � . Lime t n l.imestone l mesto ne untain Fonaatlon .& t � Mo s o e • Wall x l s. :; Redwa11 Lilllestone u Group ·- li� ��!+---,---sandstone on m t nes �� � Impure l.t es u Temple Butte Ls. �o � g � g limestone ? ? � � � ------� 1.1111estonea, Base of the unassigned sha le ar>d Harbled "c rits s, ! g li Tonto Carboniferous !.ower Old htestone Tonto 5 � 1 av ls. Silurische � � � Rt>d Q� Limestones ;;: Carbonlft'rous .., Group !: Pr tmord � Formatton mudrocks, Tonto � Ia l.ower Sanrlstones [ Bright Angel Sh. Sandstone ... and !: Shalt> � s ndston s ::! :i 1! "' ota d m e Tonto -- Silurian � � P s a - g Tapeats Ss. .:! o;andstone ';! Sandstone � 1>. "' _--L ...... 1\J Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 A. 2 Table (cont'd) \ ... --- ·- - . ------... ---·- . - ' S IIASSJ.f"R NllRJ.f: . . ------.- --.-- RH OF 6 �--rr·o·rm�t-io� --- WAJ.CilTT WAJ.COTT FRt:cH 0"RTON NORJ.f. SCHIIC"Hf.Rl I (Jq]J) (I (I 1910) (1910, 191'•) ( 1918) I' ------{I q)!) RRf>) (I R90) R9 1) ------:: = ': � ::.-:7::::: . == :=-=--=.::-7"" T - - - � ---- :.:1 - - :;:-==--==.. -=�7 =-7-=---=�7=�t-=-::.::-.:. =: -=t:.:-=- - - r=7-7;=�������; Auhrey - - - .., Ka1bab fm. Kat bah .... l.lmestonP .. Auhry Uppl'r Kalbab Katbab Katbah Katbab and .. 1 .0 Dolomite 1.1111estone t.lmestone J. �aestone t. •�stone :I t.l�a�atone Carhonlfl.'rouq Auhrt>y ( < Toroweap Fm. .. l ' :I � -- .. 0 f- f- J.Jmi.'Stonl.' .Jmi.'.Hont> .. --- 0. .. Whitt> Auhrt>y Coconino-- Coc:-nlno Coconino Coconino c. Coconino .... c ::> �!Coconino Ss. .... Sandstone Sandstont> .. Sandstone Sandstone Sandston� Sand stone I c :I .... --- -1 1-- I JO.0 c e - .. .. � 1.-----�--- - _g.. .., > Hermit ...... I llermit Sh. u .... Upper Sh l .. a e .. .. ! .ower c u. .. I �.. c Supai :I I Auhry 0. I.D Supai ., Supai 0 J.ovt>r 0. ll. Fomation � £splanade Ss. I ::> Auhrey u .... ------· · -- - Carhonlf£-rouc; h Sup i '- " Sandstont> on Formatlon a � Supai I " .D c: Wescogame fm. S.1111lston I g '" .. , .... Format I .3 I , I' 1 ... < I I .. � Sand•ltonl' l .owt>r , ---·- -· --�- -- - · and I �I� Formation Form tl. n --- u I c I�0 .. a I ... .D .. ll �I .. S . 1 .. Supai ! Manakacha fm. :I h 1 t> .. 0 ' ...J >. 0 u - .! -�------"' .. -· -- c: ------· - .. - Fnrm:wt Inn c: .... f-- Fm. .... Watahomigi c � -- __ .... . - • 0 R w c I!Pdw.,ll ------·-· .. . R1•d R• d .n l'd all .. .. Rl'd ll. Surprise Canyon .. -- u .., Wa l l lm i' t nt' l.lmt>stonr Rl'dw:tll R , ll Rt>dw ll Fm. W.1ll c r• w. .. W.lll S O .. d a .. ::: , ______C:.1rhonl f l'rouo; J.lmt>o;tonl' .; l.lme sto n l.lmest-.me \.lmt>stone1 · j,S l.lml.'"lnnl' .. e i: 'Redwa .... 11 l'i l.lmt•5tnnl- X ------Te•ple lluttt> Tl'l!lplt' But!P T emplt> Butte > Upper Devonian :; ITemple Butte s. .. l.lmestoneI l.lmestone l.lmt>1ton L Q ·--- .__ ------. ·- l' ----J.-- Tonto 0::I I 0 H rhle- d Huav unJssigned .. Harhlf'd c Upp••r .., a --- -�---- - ·- c ...... Calcareous 0 .. Tonto c u l.lmt>stone l.lmestone ...... lmt>stonf.' .. 0..0 ... Ton t o c Muav- .. 0 .0 an•l l'i. .D 1-< �------c ------.. u!a �-clrrn.·ar t.,n c · Art'nareou<, u� .. hales and- .... Tonto 8rlght An�t>l .. ... - - .. 8�-iqht - s - Shale .. .. andstnnN; .D Shalt> c: I Shalt>s .D - ;:.)e·l· Sh. o. I! 0. - ..------...... ------u !J To n t o Tapeats Tonto l.owt>r u� - i andstonf."- Sandstone Tapeats Ss. Sandstnnl.' - San stmll' Tnntn · d ------·-- -- - . . . l. -- . . II -- - - .... w Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Table 2 (ront'd) SI'IIENK \.IIIEHF.R 1- . MoKII NOR I. McK�:�: I. GtJTSC:HlCK .� 1 t•t -•• - h ion - F. (I ,. t . Ml��l M rorntdt (I llllln:( 191'1) (I (I - ... '11R) 'J!ol) (1'144) (1�44)· · tl'l4\l 'I )II) '141) � ___ ------ _ _ .. �-:..- :_:- == : : �·�- . ·-- -· ------�-: ;--4_: :.::= :�-= -- =-= :__-::::-:=:--:::::-= :*:"":"":--=:...- L_nmn:u. !:1�-L--�;�!:. - !nowH.t... . - . t:·����-�;!�! ---- ... :.: ·· ----- ,,:-:.:-:.--=·=-==-·= - A Kal - _ K _ . m hah _ Y.i!ll'oclb rm. alhah __ R l i l'!ll OOl' J _, Toro a c TorOWrclll Format ion rm. 0 l.lnu�stcliiP 1 E wl' p �lfoconino E Ss. '-(1) ""'Hermit Sh. lll'rnlt Shale �;.�p I :madl' sp ana de Ss. £ I -o------_ __sa_"�:"�-"�'� . Wescoga:nc Sut>al :; fm. Supai _ -�-�-- c .., .. - Hdn�kacha Fm. Fof11lat Inn Format!on �>. c ------· . "'c � Watahomigi Fm. Surprise Canyon IV Fm. Redwall 111 "' Li e tone "' 1I "= 'Redwa s 11 l s . I m Jerome Devonian CarbonIferous ls. Fornation unnamed dolomites undifferentiated Ml'ad Fornal ton and llmPstones Huav dolomites ------1.11. J.lml'stone Hunv 4 Pl'aslt!y Head l.s. l tone . es l.yndon Sh. l'a le La. P s y Bright Angel Brighttm Angl'l � l'lncht• Sh. Pioche Sh. - Shale Shale - T.tpl'al'l l'rospN't nta n �ood Canyon Tapeats TapNts Sando;tone Qt�t.;:;- l Format ion Sandstonl' So;. _,.______l , ------l ..... ] � Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 .. Tab le 2 (cont 'd) • /. forma t 10n H<·NA IH WOO() 'iOHAIII' 11 1' '·1 11 .,, ,,, '· GllEASrS!"IIION Iet-: 'It 1' 1 I • '11 .... (I'1'> 1) (l'llo.' ) f I 'll•'' ) II f I lilt !> ( I'� . • I '1M •• (111'>11 , I1Hoh) (I 'I'l l) (l'llo l) ' I '"• . '} K Tnrowt.••1P Torowea1> fm . 1-�m . Turnwear> Ttli OWt".IJl mhr,..) 9 (l �·o nn.l l I on f-'o rm.l l lun �(Cocon ino Ss . Coc.·on lno I'" SoUUJ SI Oih1 Ql ..: H.-rmlt lh•rml 1 o. 'Berm 1 t Sh . Shalt· llt•tm lt Sho� le Sh.J it• Queantoweap {: 'IJ> I.1n Esplanade Ss . Sandstone E•,p ' ...... SdnclI .Hhllhstnnt•• 'St� . Sup.t l :J Qu<•a•i>- 0 ! ; tWescogame , . fm. towt.•.tp f-m Wt.·:-. Supra-Huav unassigned ��qtJ�n�e Muav Muav ls. l,l!:ll'St on�.> c ... Rrlghl Ange l � Bright Angel Sh. (Not<• fo 1 Sha l . "' . ,------TapPa !� Tapea ts Ss . Sdndst (Jit� ..... 1.11 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest I on 01 October 2021 16 N ; - :.... - - � -= ;. e _:.:; =:r= c: V' .- "' e "' "' e E v" ....e .... "'� "' .... '-' .. -.:: V' c: - "' "' "' .- .J:: .;: " =" ::.. ..r .&: <:.1 - c: .., ;; '-' "' ::" .. ,. "' g "' "' < :l "' ...... , ..... � c: ..... - c: - e "' -- �'"" ): > ::" E ... ..,.. c: .:- ": 0 0 ..,. <:.1 "' "' e §. � <.... -' :X .;:. - �::r - -- � :X :r [ j � uP .t;._,.;� IJf.U I'I ·ss • ., . , a,... ""�. ... ISJwa� cvr .. Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 ------. 17 Notes to Table 2 Numbered Footnotes 1. Reeside and Bassler (1922) subdivided the Kaibab limestone into (descending): Harrisburg gypsiferous member, massive limestone member, upper slope member, gray massive limestone member, and lower soft slope member . 2. Noble (1922) recognized three subdivisions in the Redwall Limestone . 3. McKee (1938) divided the Kaibab and Toroweap Formations each into three members (descending) : alpha, beta , and gamma . 4. McKee and Resser (1945) subdivided the Muav Limestone into ten formal members (see Table 1) . 5. McKee and Resser (1945) subdivided the Bright Angel Shale into five units , including two formal members (see Table 1) . 6. McNair (1951) adopted Cambrian stratigraphic nomenclature for the western Grand Canyon from SchenK and Wheeler (1942) , and from McKee and Resser (1945) for the eastern Grand Canyon . 7. Easton and Gutschick (1953) subdivided the Redwall Limestone into four informal units . 8. Sorauf (1962) , in his doctoral disseration, subdivided the Kaibab Formation into two name-bearing units (descending) : Harrisburg member (of Reeside and Bassler, 1922) and the Fossil Mountain member . They are informal names , but have been adopted generally by those who work in the Grand Canyon region , as demonstrated in the literature . These units will be formalized by Sorauf and Billingsley and will be essentially unchanged as first presented in Sorauf (1962) (personal communications). 9. Sorauf (1962) subdivided the Toroweap Formation into three name-bearing units (descending): Woods Ranch , Brady Canyon, and � tigman members . They are informal names , but have bef:�: ·dopted generally by those who work in the Grand Canyon rec; i ,; , as demonstrated in the literature . These units will be (t _ ·aalized by Sorauf and Bi).lingsley and will be essentially unchanged as first presented in Sorauf (1962) (persor.al communications) . 10. McKee (1963) subdivided the Redwall Limestone into four formal members (see Table 1) . Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 ------·------. 18 Additional Notes A. Key references for parts of this table were Billingsley (1978) , McKee (1982) , McKee and Gutschick (1964) , and McKee and Resser (1�45) . See also Elston (1989) for important sLggestions for revision of units of the Cambrian Tonto GTOUp . B. �he Moenkopi Formation was originally spelled Moencopie; revised by Gregory (1915) . c. Aubrey group : The "Aubrey group" was defined by Gilbert (1875) and was formally subdivided into the Kaibab limestone , Coconino sandstone , and Supai formation by Darton (1910) . The upper "Redwall limestone" of the Aubrey group was assigned was assigned to the Supai formation by Noble (1922) . D. Supai Group : The Supai formation of Darton (1910) included what now are the Hermit Shale, Esplanade Sandstone , Wescogame Formation , and Manakacha Formation (part) . The Supai formation was redefined by Noble (1922) when he named the Hermit Shale. The Supai formation was elevated to the rank of stratigraphic Group by McKee (1975) ; he rasied the Esplanade Sandstone member (White . 1929) to formational rank and named the Wescogame , Manakacha, and Watahomigi Formations . E. Redwall Limestone : The Redwall was originally named as the Red Wall limestone group by Gilbert (1975) and included what now are the l·lanakacha Formation (part) , Watahomigi Formation, and the Redwall Limestone . The group was redefined by Noble (1922) when he restricted the Redwall to its present stratigraphic range (but which also included the surprise Canyon Formation of Billingsley and Beus , 1985) . Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 TABLE 3. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATIGRAPH IC NOMENCLATURE OF TH E MI DDLE AND LATE c:RAND CA NYON SVPERGROUP PROTEROZO fC: POll�I. I. l.IAI.COTT IIAI.I OIT WAI IOl"r �RH II WALl w.\ 1 1 r hAK ION •tn"l l ·; •• ,q t •, ,•, •t '1'"•1•'11 I o,JI11Ml100 POIIfl.l. (I ( IHH (IH'JO) (I:I'l l) IIH%)<11 1 IK9"l)01 (I'll (I11 Ift) • ••• •• cl �'d (t81�) lilt.) l) ( IIIHI>) ( (I) t uppt•r o�.tym1\e rm. -� •l lvl•.. ltm ( ...... Chu.tr {;tu�o�r ... w4gu·n: ( lmar t huJr '" � r�� ,• rr .tru• (;f(llll' Chuart'o rmn c:ru Tt•t I (,rtlll\' ... - - t l n up fdiU' "' I u lnwt•l' ero� rm. .. ;? 41 .. diVI"'I(OII ,, -.. '""' ''""•' IP Nnn- c;ra•'•l .. GramS • ...... ,, r4nkowe4p rm. "' Cvnfnmah l• Caiinn c c .• nvun - 0 h...... h ·r ·-·-- IC St·r 1•·"'1 ...... Rn• 1o� «: ru Gr and Gr.1nd (:..-.uul 4rden4s B.tsaIt up � l nk .. r l u , . n . llnkar l l k .H . Calion CaOnn r�tiiun mit lh1x ..� t.jfl,t J y , ..., .. ., J 'lcJIId•,( Ulll' Hu>e •, , .., 0. �ox Ss. r 1t·rraru- 10� " (�roup I t" oma- c.ruuJl Tt" r ct nt• 'toru· ... l on (,fdup 0-hiUJ... Shlnumu �l'ihlnum" " t oiiHf t t•IU' t• 1/1 11 . � inumo Qtzt. Qu�ut zll e I t•· .I}UIUu g l ll� •• tud .. �• r,•n.u t'UII"> U.tk.tt .t l .., . . . < � �::d-:4·1--;�.-"- ...... , .... . f' • alt "'411 ...... uul 1 .. .. "·'""'...... �dSS ls. Cq l. hH-t� l C)(l llfu( t\11 (41 ( )( llotauta fl <;TilN � HAXSllN fORI) .&ntl f-OHIJ .tu l ._, .., ru•t mj •, J t \I '•"·•••• ',( Ul l (I'I I II INJJ<; KHt:S < RRttl) h�U', t• l II�I II• '1, �I I tfhl Ul l' VAN 1:11NUY HJRIJ If It'li iiN t•l ronn<�t1o n ( (I 191>1, 1 '11:.1,1 ••I al I .1 1 'I I .t l I 1'1! I) ( JCJ,' .) ( I'IH ') tl'lfi ') ( I 'IP.Ui . J•JH•I J 19lb) H) 11'1�1 ) I 1969) (I'Ill) ( 1 'l /.\ '1 / ll (1'1/ o) .::--1 s�Jra.,;� t"is., . Slxly yonlit �, txr vmlI• · l.(Ctpt•...,.b,lrl-;dn) l Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 ------ 20 Notes to Table 3 Numbered Footnotes 1. Ford and Breed (1972 , 1973) subdivided the Kwagunt Formation into three formal members (see Ta.ole 1) . 2. Ford and Breed (1972 , 1973) subdivided the Galeros Formation into four formal members (see Table 1) . 3. Stevenson and Beus (1982) subdivided the Dox Sandstone into four formal members (see Table 1) . Additional Notes A. Grand Canyon Supergroup : The Grand canyon group (Grand Canyon series) was named by Powell (1876) ; it included the entire Precambrian complex. Walcott (1883) revised the Precambrian nomenclature , naming the Precambrian sedimentary units the Chuar and Grand Canyon groups . Walcott attributed the name of the Chuar group to J. W •. Powell, but Powell never used the name in any of his publications , so Walcott is properly the author of that unit. Elston et al . (1973) and Beus et al . (1974 ) informally ra ised the Grand Canyon series to "Supergroup" rank ; Elston and Scott (1976) formalized the procedure . B. Sixtymile Formation : Ford and Breed (1972 , 1973) erected the "Sixty Mile Formation," placing it within the Chuar Group . The name was revised to "Sixtymile Formation" by Elston (1979) to conform with the map spelling of Sixtymile Canyon (Vishnu Temple quadrangle) . The formation was segregated from the Chuar Group by Elston and McKee (1982) . c. Nankoweap Formation: Van Gundy (1934) first named the "Nankoweap Group" and formalized the unit in 1951; it included the top unit of Wa lcott 's (1894 ) Unkar division and the basal unit of Wa lcott 's (1883 , 1894) Chuar division . It was redefined as a separate formation between the Unkar and Chuar Groups . D. Cardenas Basalt: The Cardenas basalt was originally named the Cardenesan Series by Keyes (1938) . It was redefined and correlated by Maxson (1961) to include intrusive diabases which together he ca lled the Rama formation . The "Cardenas Lavas" were regarded as a separate formation and restored by Ford et al . (1972) , formal izing the name originally used by Keyes . Elston (1988 , 1989) has redesignated this unit the Cardenas Basalt since the term "lavas" pertains to the rock in a molten extruded form , whereas the rock is basalt. Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 21 E. Dox Sandstone : Noble 's (1914) Dox Sandstone was redesignated the Dox Formation and subdivided into four stratigraphic members by Stevenson and Beus (1982) . Elston (1989) reverted to the original lithologic description, "Dox Sandstone ," and prefered to retain subdivisions as informal units . Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 ------ 22 Table 4 Development of Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Early Proterozoic Vishnu Group Reference Nomenclature (iten•s in parentheses indicate partial nomenclature naming subsidiary rock units within the Vishnu Group) Newberry ( 1861) Granite Powell (1875) Granite, dikes, eruptive beds Gilbert (1875) G;anites, gneisses Powell (1876) Grand Canon schists Walcott (1883) Archean Walcott (1886) Pre-Cambrian Walcott ( 1890) Vishnu quartzite and schists Frech (1893, 1895) Gneiss, intrusives Walcott (1894, 1895) Vishnu terrane Darton (191 0) Vishnu; granite, schist, etc. Noble (1910) Vishnu Ransome (1917) Schist and granite Schuchart (1918b) Vishnu gneiss Noble ( 1922) Granite, gneiss, schist Wilmarth (1932) Vishnu schist Campbell & Maxc;on (1936) (Zoroaster granite) Hinds (1936) Vishnu schists Van Gundy (1951) Archean complex Maxson (1961, 1967, 1969) Zoroaster granite, Brahma schist, Vishnu schist Babcock et al. (1974) Vishnu Group, Zoroaster gneiss, Trinity Creek-Elves Chasm gneisses, plutons, dikes, sills Huntoon et al. (1976) Vishnu Group, Zoroaster plutonic complex, Trinity and Elves Chasm gneisses Babcock et al. (1 979) Vishnu metamorphic complex, Trinity gneiss complex, Elves Chasm gneiss complex, Zoroaster complex Brown et al. (1979) (Trinity gneiss complex, Elves chasm gneiss complex. Zoroaster plutonic complex) Clark (1979) (Granite Park mafic complex) Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3744430/9780813759203_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Ford and llret•d Argillaceous shales, vlth sand------. 1 ---- - ( 1972, 1911) Calrros Forooatlon �16 stones and siltstones; --- Jupiter I, basal l.ftcustrt ne 0. ::! (462} 40 ft (12.2 oo) struooato lltlc " "' 0 .... l l•estones - - .. ------.. N - - .. Shales; oasal 60 ft (18.3 .. ., 640 Tanner ••ss!·te coar ..rty crystallinem) Harlne/larusl rlnr 0." "' (Jifi) doloclte ovrrlatn by llarstonr c Thick-bedded sandstones; upper Hartne, subat>rIa I(?) ...0 upper a..-ber (1934, 19�1) Nankoveap Fo�atlon 23-ft (7.0-•) calcareous unit Van Cundy ..c ferrualneoua (101} .. i u ae.brr HO vlth shale 1nae Subaer a l ... 1 Keyu (19)8), Sha llow-water und c 980 B f' d s ..• Cardenas liasa It 1299) salts, ln rbe ded sandstone Ford f't al. ( 1982) subat"rlal eruptl•ms - .., a t ------upper •-ber - Ti cochoa Point) Sandatonrs, siltstones dal flats l -. .i� - ______,.__ ..___ upper •lddle •.,.brr 0>., Interbedded siltstones, quartz �0. Tidal flats, salt flat� 0. (i::u.anche Point}_ r-623 aandatonea ... Dox Sandstone 1190) .. Upper: channif;,l TToo.r--· Noble (1914) lower •lddle al�ber � 927 Sandstonrs, flnr-gralnrd sand- 0." plain ... (Sol0110n T8plt') "' 128J) atonea, shaly sllrstonrs 0 .. .. - ., Floodelal�--- - .., - --- ...0 lover -ber 1,291 Slltstonrs, sandstones, al e- Louer:Deltai ; turbldlle vlth ...... c car c _ .. --- (Escalante Crrrk) CJ94J oua sandstones, ahalea -� basal lagoonal --�!!!_I-:___ 0 ------.: _ N c 0 I,l 2- , 346 Oooolnantly sand- ,_ Noble (1914) ;> Shlnuooo Quartzite S units Fluvlo-del tate ,.. l l hard-ce.rnted - stonea, congla.erates ------·- ---- {Jif>-410) ------��8-949 Mudstones. sandstones; lntrudrd Shallow vatt'r, ..ubal'r Ia I Noble (1914) Hakatal Shale 4 unlta by sllls exposure In arid cllmatt> (170-289} ------graaaucmaL contact :-- - -- ·- 187-327 �·l�ltes, chrrta, ahalrs, •ud- Transgr•sqJon-regresslon .. (1914) Nnbl II••• Ll•rnonr (57-100} HI •t.•K; lnteralttrnt basal In eoobayo>ent( ?) iio.t'aUiac.;na1;;;-rk�: 1•l••tons; '"""' Walt·ntt (18'10) Zoroa.ter ,...... Gmd11s, Intruded by I"'K'""tltt's .. -.c 0 Conrpler, Tri11i ty Ht1fl··f.'lo•es Ch.rsrn I - - - . ... - � . -- a--�-·------�- - - ·- - ·----�-- - - Gneino, f:rcmit,�- rar•k rOI'fl'l,•r ------4 ------·------. -· - ----· - - -