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Abhinavagupta's Portrait of a Guru: Revelation and Religious Authority in Kashmir
Abhinavagupta's Portrait of a Guru: Revelation and Religious Authority in Kashmir The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:39987948 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Abhinavagupta’s Portrait of a Guru: Revelation and Religious Authority in Kashmir A dissertation presented by Benjamin Luke Williams to The Department of South Asian Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of South Asian Studies Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2017 © 2017 Benjamin Luke Williams All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Parimal G. Patil Benjamin Luke Williams ABHINAVAGUPTA’S PORTRAIT OF GURU: REVELATION AND RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY IN KASHMIR ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to recover a model of religious authority that placed great importance upon individual gurus who were seen to be indispensable to the process of revelation. This person-centered style of religious authority is implicit in the teachings and identity of the scriptural sources of the Kulam!rga, a complex of traditions that developed out of more esoteric branches of tantric "aivism. For convenience sake, we name this model of religious authority a “Kaula idiom.” The Kaula idiom is contrasted with a highly influential notion of revelation as eternal and authorless, advanced by orthodox interpreters of the Veda, and other Indian traditions that invested the words of sages and seers with great authority. -
Guide to 275 SIVA STHALAMS Glorified by Thevaram Hymns (Pathigams) of Nayanmars
Guide to 275 SIVA STHALAMS Glorified by Thevaram Hymns (Pathigams) of Nayanmars -****- by Tamarapu Sampath Kumaran About the Author: Mr T Sampath Kumaran is a freelance writer. He regularly contributes articles on Management, Business, Ancient Temples and Temple Architecture to many leading Dailies and Magazines. His articles for the young is very popular in “The Young World section” of THE HINDU. He was associated in the production of two Documentary films on Nava Tirupathi Temples, and Tirukkurungudi Temple in Tamilnadu. His book on “The Path of Ramanuja”, and “The Guide to 108 Divya Desams” in book form on the CD, has been well received in the religious circle. Preface: Tirth Yatras or pilgrimages have been an integral part of Hinduism. Pilgrimages are considered quite important by the ritualistic followers of Sanathana dharma. There are a few centers of sacredness, which are held at high esteem by the ardent devotees who dream to travel and worship God in these holy places. All these holy sites have some mythological significance attached to them. When people go to a temple, they say they go for Darsan – of the image of the presiding deity. The pinnacle act of Hindu worship is to stand in the presence of the deity and to look upon the image so as to see and be seen by the deity and to gain the blessings. There are thousands of Siva sthalams- pilgrimage sites - renowned for their divine images. And it is for the Darsan of these divine images as well the pilgrimage places themselves - which are believed to be the natural places where Gods have dwelled - the pilgrimage is made. -
Thirumoolar and Tao: Tamil and Chinese Ideas About Life
================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 21:2 February 2021 ================================================================ Thirumoolar and Tao: Tamil and Chinese Ideas About Life Dr. S. Sridevi Professor Research Department of English CTTE College for Women Chennai 600011 [email protected] ===================================================================== Abstract This paper aims at studying how Classical Tamil and Chinese poetics have focused on mental health and attempts to understand how a balanced approach to life can be retained by constructing ideas about life. Human mind has to poise its need to win with the reality of a brief life. Discussing death does not refer to depression or pain; instead, it reminds us of the briefness of life, and how it can be handled with ease and happiness. People spend a lot of energy in trying to control the people around them and this mental work leads to lots of stress and unhappiness. Poets and thinkers recommend freedom of the spirit and happiness. Keywords: mental health, Thirumoolar, Tao Te Ching, Periyar This paper attempts to understand how Thirumoolar from Tamil Nadu, India, and Tao Te Ching from China have interpreted human experiences and have arrived at philosophies to approach life. Their suggestions appear to be ethical principles, but beneath the ethics one can notice the embedded ideology of living with good mental health. Thirumanthiram is a collection of three thousand quatrains (usually defined as “a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes” www.dictionary.com) written by Thirumoolar, who is supposed to have lived two thousand years ago. Historical details are not available, and the existing written legends say that he studied along with rishis in Kailash. -
The Position of Saint Appar in Tamil Шaivism
The Position of Saint Appar in Tamil øaivism A. Veluppillai 1. Introduction Hinduism is a loose cover term for many religious manifestations which originated in different regions and different ages in the South Asian sub- continent. The assertion of a Hindu identity is a modern phenomenon which tries to distance itself from other religious identities, mainly Islamic and Christian in India. There are some modern attempts to include religions like Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism (which also originated in South Asia) within the Hindu fold, but Buddhism which has become an international religion and Sikhism are successfully asserting their individuality. The origin of Hinduism is sometimes sought to be traced from the Indus Valley Civilization but the matter remains speculative as the study of that civilization has not progressed sufficiently to draw definite conclusions. The Vedic Civilization is a definite milestone in the development of Hinduism. The early phase in the development of Hinduism is the Brahmanical religion. Religions like Jainism and Buddhism arose as anti-Brahmanical movements. There were also philosophical movements like the Sàükhya, Yoga, Nyàya, Vai÷eùika, Mãmàüsà and Vedànta. These religions and philosophical movements were competing to win adherents but they were not exclusive in their approaches. There was some form of interaction among these groups and by the end of the Gupta period, the Bràhmaõical religion had become dominant in North India. The Tamils in the Far South of India have been able to have an identity of their own, in relation to North Indian religious developments. Along with Sanskrit, Tamil is also a classical language of India. -
230594696.Pdf
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SLOAP - Scientific & Literature Open Access Publishing International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture Available online at https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/ Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2016, pages: 28~34 ISSN: 2455-8028 https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/article/view/114 The Paradigm of Religious Evolution: The Transformation of Rudra to Pashupata Satendra Kumar Mishra a Article history: Abstract The Pashupata cult is the oldest known cult of the Saivism. Pashupata cult Received: 10 June 2016 was established around 200 BC by Lakulisha. Born to a Brahmin family Revised: 10 July 2016 according to Karavana Mahatmya, he died in the seventh month and during Approved: 20 August 2016 his short span he displayed remarkable spiritual powers. His mother floated Published: 1 September 2016 his body in a river as per the tradition and as said a group of tortoise carried the body to a Shiva shrine. The child became alive and became an ascetic. By Keywords: yet another account Lakulisha died but was revived by Lord Siva himself. Lord entered his body and preached the Pashupata moral and ethics to the Shaivism; world. The place of his rebirth is today a town called Kayavarohana "to Lakulisha; incarnate in another's body". This miracle is still celebrated among the Kaurusha; Pashupata believers. The archeological department takes care of two stone Pashupata; inscriptions there with the names of Lakulisha’s four disciples- Kushika, Kayavarohana; Maitreya, Gargya, and Kaurusha. Lakulisha was a basically a dynamic Pashupata reformist. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
The Concept of Nada and Bindu in Tirumantiram
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153 THE CONCEPT OF NADA AND BINDU IN TIRUMANTIRAM Nirmala.V Dept. of Sanskrit Sahitya, Research Scholar, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala (st), India Abstract- Indian philosophy gives a significant position to the According to him Nada is an unstruck (anahata), almost sound. Saivism, one of the prominent branches of Indian unmanifest, sound (dhvani) for there the phonemes are not religious philosophy, put forward the key phonematic differentiated4. Sometimes it is referred to by the term phoneme representations as Nada and Bindu. Saivite doctrines of monism (varna), as Abhinavagupta says: and dualism differs each other with regard to the nature and function of sound. Here is an attempt to analyze the earliest eko nadatmako varnah sarvavarnavibhagavan dualistic Saiva text- Tirumantiram in connection with the so’nastamitarupatvadanahata ihoditah5 discussion of the aforementioned vital sound principles. Nada is also considered to be as cit, the level of Sadasiva: the ontic level, where the phonematic emanation is projected into the Index Terms- Sound- Nada- Bindu- Saivite dualism- energy and where consonants begin to arise. “From Sakti, in Tirumantiram effect, the sound energy becomes first Nadanta6, then Nada, then Nirodhini7, next comes Bindu, itself preceeding ardhacandra8. Bindu is one of the most significant terms in the speculations I. INTRODUCTION about the word and energy. Saradatilaka defines thus: ound plays an important role in the world of every sentient S being. Indian knowledge system, comprised of religion, saccidanadavibhavatsakalatparamesvarat philosophy, metaphysics, theology etc., considers this as a asicchaktistato nadah nadadbindusamagamah parasaktimayah sat u tridha’sau bhidyate punah significant matter of discussion. -
Chapter 3 Tirumurai 7 Sundaramurti Thevaram
Language in India 18:11 November 2018 CHAPTER 3 TIRUMURAI 7 SUNDARAMURTI (THEVARAM) Dr Adi Sankara Singing with Saivite Saints Language in India 18:11 November 2018 Sundaramurti - Tiruvennainallur Dr Adi Sankara Singing with Saivite Saints Language in India 18:11 November 2018 Singing with Saivite Saints 45 SUNDARAMURTI Sundaramurti Nayanar was born in Tirunavarur to Sadaiyanar a Saivite priest and his wife Isaignani. The sthala was called Tirutturaiyur and now is known as Tiruttalur. It is situated on the Villupuram-Cuddalore rail route. Sundarar was then named Nambi Arurar after his grandfather. According to the Siva Puranam, Sundarar is said to be the celestial that collected the poison (Halahala) in his hand and gave it to Lord Siva who absorbed it to protect the world. According to Lord Siva’s wish, Sundarar was to be born as a human being to sing the Tiru Thondat Thogai for the benefi t of mankind. So, when the servants of Goddess Parvati, Aninditi and Kamalini were gathering flowers in Mount Kailash, Sundarar gazed at them. They too, reciprocated his love. God Siva sent them to Earth to take human birth. It happened that one day, King Narasinga Munaiyar who was passing by, noticed the cute child playing with a temple car toy on the streets. The King was at once attracted by the child. He told the parents of Sundarar that he wanted to bring up the small boy. Sadaiyanar and Isaignani agreed to the King’s wish, as they were not attached to anything in the world. Sundarar grew under royal care and was brought up like a prince. -
Chapter 8 Tirumurai 12 Sekkizhar Periya Puranam
Language in India 18:11 November 2018 CHAPTER 8 TIRUMURAI 12 SEKKIZHAR (PERIA PURANAM) Dr Adi Sankara Singing with Saivite Saints Language in India 18:11 November 2018 Sekkizhar Dr Adi Sankara Singing with Saivite Saints Language in India 18:11 November 2018 100 Singing with Saivite Saints THE TWELFTH TIRUMURAI thThe twelfth Tirumurai is the Periya Puranam. Authored by Sekkizhar, it is also known as the Tiru Thondar Puranam. This Tirumurai is based on the Tiru Thondat Thogai of Sundaramurti Nayanar and Tiru Thondar Tiruvandhati of Nambiandar Nambi. It is to be noted that another work of the 13 century, Tiru Thondar Purana Saram of Saint Umapathi Sivacharya is also based on the Tiru Thondar Tiruvandhati of Nambiandar Nambi. Nambiandar Nambi is said to have discovered and compiled the Tirumurai. The life history of Nambi has been dealt in the eleventh Tirumurai. Periya Puranam, the hagiology of 63 Saivite Saints is a precious work by Sekkizhar. The Periya Puranam is the most important of all the works relating to the lives of the 63 Nayanars. The twelfth Tirumurai contains more than 18,000 stanzas, and is the outpourings of sixty-three Nayanmars, who sang in praise of Lord Siva. Saint Sekkizhar Nayanar Sekkizhar was born at Kunrathur in the Thondai Chola Nadu. This region was part of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and was ruled by the Pallava Kings. It corresponds to the present environs of Chennai with Chengalput district and its surrounding area in Kanchipuram district. At that time, Thondai Nadu was famous for its intellectuals. Sekkizhar was born as Arulmozhi Thevar and his younger brother was Palaravayar. -
Book Review: "The History of the Holy Servants of the Lord Siva: a Translation of the Periya Puranam of Cekkilar"
Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies Volume 21 Article 22 January 2008 Book Review: "The History of the Holy Servants of the Lord Siva: A Translation of the Periya Puranam of Cekkilar" M. Thomas Thangaraj Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jhcs Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Thangaraj, M. Thomas (2008) "Book Review: "The History of the Holy Servants of the Lord Siva: A Translation of the Periya Puranam of Cekkilar"," Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies: Vol. 21, Article 22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7825/2164-6279.1421 The Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies is a publication of the Society for Hindu-Christian Studies. The digital version is made available by Digital Commons @ Butler University. For questions about the Journal or the Society, please contact [email protected]. For more information about Digital Commons @ Butler University, please contact [email protected]. Thangaraj: Book Review: "The History of the Holy Servants of the Lord Siva: A Translation of the Periya Puranam of Cekkilar" Book Reyiews 79 University Press, 2001 [Winner of the Best religious encounters across the boundaries of Book in Hindu-Christian Studies prize for 2000- tradition has taken them to the study of North 2002]). In the last chapter of Kerala Christian American Hinduism will find much to Sainthood, the author left us with a picture of appreciate in this book. A kind of symmetry herself overcome by grief at the apparently exists between the work people must do to insurmountable barrier preventing full indigenize Christianity in a non-Western land (a participation in an "other" religious prominent theme in Dempsey's previous book), community's most powerful rituals. -
Holy Panchakshara-Part-4
The holy Panchakshara and oTher divine arTicles maTerialised by aasaan sadguru sri-la-sri Pandrimalai swamighal PART IV i The holy Panchakshara and oTher divine arTicles maTerialised by aasaan sadguru sri-la-sri Pandrimalai swamighal PART IV Sri-La-Sri Pandrimalai Swamighal ii iii conTenTs 15. Srinivasa Kalyanam 58 16. Maipporul Nayanar 68 17. Yeribhakta Nayanar 72 Preface 2016 Edition vi 18. Towards Heaven on Earth 75 Publisher’s Note viii 19. Tirukuripputonda Nayanar 79 Foreword xiii 20. Sri Ramanujacharya 82 Postscript xvii 21. Sri Maara Nayanar 94 1. Bhaktavaakpaalaka Krishna 1 22. Kanampulla Nayanar 97 2. The Glory of Kaveri 8 23. The Glory of Gayatri 100 3. Sri Poodattalwar 12 24. Kulachirai Nayanar 111 4. Satsang 17 25. Sri Neelakanta Nayanar 114 5. The Avatars of the Lord 19 26. Kurumba Nayanar 118 6. Sri Dandiyadigal Nayanar 22 27. Manikyavachaka 121 7. Sri Moorthi Nayanar 25 28. Sri Tirumoola Nayanar 133 8. Kannappa Nayanar 28 29. Viranminda Nayanar 138 9. Navaratri 33 30. Naminambi Nayanar 141 10. Murugan's Divine consorts 37 31. Parasakthi 144 11. Temple, the abode of God 41 32. Yajnopaveetam 148 12. Satyamevajayate Nanrutam 44 33. The Koran 154 13. Sankranti 50 34. Muruga Nayanar 159 14. Tiruppani Alwar 54 35. Amarneeti Nayanar 162 iv v Preface or Tamil. Tiruvacagam says that the Divine is older than the oldest and newer than the newest. We can understand the diTion 2016 e truth in this statement, as the articles materialsed by Sri- La-Sri Sakthevadivel Swamighal are straight from the laser printer! Hinduism is always in the vanguard of progress and this is but one small example of that fact. -
Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints
^NS OF i TAMIL SAINTS THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES , . , ( The Right Reverend V. S. Azariah, Bishop of Dornakal. p.,.. , j I J. N. Farquhar, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.) Already published. The Heart of Buddhism. K. J. Saunders, M.A. Asoka, Rev. J. M. Macphail, M.A., M.D. Indian Painting. Principal Percy Brown, Calcutta. Kanarese Literature. Rev. E. P. Rice, B.A. The Saiiikhya System. A. Berriedale Keith, D.C.L., D.Litt. Psalms of Maratha Saints. Nicol Macnicol, M.A., D.Litt. A History of Hindi Literature. Rev. F. E. Keay, M.A. The Karma Mimamsa. A. Berriedale Keith, D.C.L., D.Litt. Subjects proposed and volumes under preparation. SANSKRIT AND PALI LITERATURE. Hymns from the Vedas. Prof. A. A. Macdonell, Oxford. Anthology of Mahayana Literature. Prof. L. de la Vallee PoussiN, Ghent. Selections from the Upanishads. F. J. Western, M.A., Delhi. Scenes from the Ramayana. Selections from the Mahabharata. THE PHILOSOPHIES. An Introduction to Hindu Philosophy. J. N. Farquhar and John McKenzie, M.A., Bombay. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Sankara's Vedanta. A. K. Sharma, M.A., Patiala. Ramanuja's Vedanta. The Buddhist System. FINE ART AND MUSIC. Indian Architecture. R, L. Ewing, B.A., Madras. Indian Sculpture. The Minor Arts. Principal Percy Brown, Calcutta. Indian Coins. C, J. Brown, M.A. (Oxon.) BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT INDIANS. Gautama Buddha. K. J. Saunders, M.A., Rangoon. Ramanuja. Akbar. F. V. Slack, M.A., Calcutta. Tulsi Das. Rabindranath Tagore. E. J.