Mid-Term Review of Milk Value Chain Project, Vehari
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Evaluation & Research Report NRSP-MER/2011-I Mid-term review of Milk Value Chain Project Vehari National Rural Support Programme Islamabad, Pakistan We warmly thank NRSP’s – Plan Milk Value Chain Project team in district Vehari and Livestock section at NRSP head office who supported the MER team at NRSP head office during the survey and for the provision of all required information. Evaluation & Research Report - MER/2011-I Mid-term review of Milk Value Chain Project, Vehari Prepared by: Sharafat Sherazi, Ghaffar Paras, Hamza Hassan Reviewed by: Rachel Abbey Supervised by: Muhammad Tahir Waqar (Programme Manager - MER) Design & Layout: Mansoor Abid All rights reserved, but development organisations which are working in the rural areas specially non-profit organisations working for capacity building can use this material for the benefit of poor rural communities. It is requested that please acknowledge the effort made by NRSP. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording for the commercial or profit making purpose or otherwise without the written permission of the National Rural Support Programme. Copyright © National Rural Support Programme - March 2011 Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Background 2 Introduction 3 Vehari Baseline findings/project rationale (Plan International and Intercooperation) 3 Project Objectives 5 Impact Assessment: Objectives and methodology 7 Assessment Objectives 7 Methodology 7 Findings and Analysis 8 Institutional assessment of FMCs 8 FMC Records 8 Institutional sustainability 8 Member participation 9 Milk collection (quantity) 9 Milk collection and storage (quality) 10 Amjad Majid: FMC Unit Manager 11 Sadia Ashraf: training on the milk value chain 12 Assessment of services by NRSP 13 Training on Feed and Fodder Practices 13 Feed and fodder services 14 Vaccination and de-worming services 15 Impacts of the PMVCP on the quality and quantity of milk 16 Summary of PMVC Project Progress 17 Case Studies 18 Sabir Maqbool: running of the feed mixer 18 Abdul Sattar: provision of fodder seeds 19 Farman Ali: improvement in milk quality and quantity 19 Conclusion and Recommendations 21 SWOT Analysis 21 Participant feedback and recommendations 23 Table of Conetnts List of Annexures Annex 1: List of selected villages for Survey 25 Annex 2: List of individuals and answered questions of the survey 26 Annex 3: FMC questionnaire 33 List of Tables Table 1: Breakdown of MVCP components 5 Table 2: Targets against achievements 17 List of Figures Figure 1: % of members supplying milk to FMCs 9 Figure 2: Milk collection by FMCs in litres 9 Figure 3: FMC formation against performance 10 Figure 4: Adoption of silage/ feed and fodder practices post-training 14 Figure 5: Utilisation of the feed mixer 15 Figure 6: Feedback on vaccination and de-worming services 16 Figure 7: Improvements in milk collected (quality and quantity) 16 Figure 8: Summary of participant feedback 23 Acronyms AIT Artificial Insemination Technician BZU Bahauddin Zakariya University EB East Bank FGD Focus group discussion FMC Farmer Milk Cooperative GDP Gross Development Product HYV High Yield Variety HS Haemorrhagic Septicaemia INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation IC Inter Cooperation LEAD Love Education and the Aspiration to change Destinies MER Monitoring Evaluation and Research MS Microsoft NRSP National Rural Support Programme PMVCP Plan Milk Value Chain Project PI Plan International PSC Poverty Score Card PRSP Punjab Rural Support Programme SWAT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats UC Union Council UMB Urea Molass Block VVW Village Veterinary Worker WB West Bank Definitions Dhoodi – milk collection agent Chiller – refridgerator unit for the storage of milk Executive Summary Agriculture is the largest sector in Pakistan contributing 21% to GDP and employing 45% of the national workforce.1 Pakistan is now the forth largest milk producing country in the world. The livestock industry constitutes 53% of all agricultural activities,2 within this sector, Punjab produces the largest share at around 60%. Milk processing and supply in Punjab is dominated by large companies from the private sector. These companies operate through collection centres or dhoodis (milkmen) which offer payment to farmers based on the quantity and quality of milk collected.3 Dhoodis also collect milk for household level distribution. This system means that the collection of milk is controlled by middlemen leaving farmers open to exploitation. District Vehari in Southern Punjab was selected to pilot the EU funded “Milk Value Chain Project (MVCP)” with activities commencing in May 2010. Plan International designed the MVCP with the objective of improving the system of milk production, collection and management among low income earning livestock farmers. The PMVCP entailed the setting up of 100 Farmer Milk Cooperatives (FMCs) to improve the system of milk management, the provision of training in feed, fodder, livestock care and livestock breeding services, vaccination for livestock, and the distribution of chiller units. Conducted over May and June 2011, this study collected information through 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) with FMCs constituting 47% of the total cooperatives formed at this time, and a survey of 75 beneficiaries. FMC members stated there to have been a major improvement in both the quality and quantity of milk produced. 83% of FMC members noted an improvement by 0.5-1 litre of milk per shift being produced and 7% indicated an improvement of 2-2.5 litres. Members believe this to be the result of better feed, fodder and veterinary services. 99% of participants in the vaccination and de-worming programme are fully satisfied with the services evidenced in the reduced use of antibiotics for livestock. The study indicates that overall, 50% of FMC members are selling milk to FMC Units and that 53% of FMCs are collecting more than 400 litres of milk on a daily basis. One of the central reasons for this was found to be low levels of mobilisation with this being separated from other project components. This strategy meant that staff did not form a close link with communities, normally built up through the mobilisation process. The use of multiple organisations in this case also meant that activities were not coordinated as a complete package but carried out separately with progress varying for different activities across different FMCs. The poor were also not focused upon for the provision of services. This can again be connected to poor levels of mobilisation during the project. This report concludes that if participant feedback is taken into account in future planning and implementation, that this is an excellent project with strong chances of being successfully replicated in other areas also. 1 Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Economic Survey, 2009-10 2 Ibid 3 In some areas milk collection centres are also used but this was not found to be the case in the areas investigated in Southern Punjab 1 Mid-term review of Milk Value Chain Project, Vehari Background Agriculture is the largest sector in Pakistan contributing 21% to GDP and employing 45% of the national workforce.4 The sector also indirectly contributes to the economy through forward and backward linkages in the form of raw materials, pesticides and machinery. Despite the fact that, due to a lack of investment, overall growth in the agricultural sector has been falling for the past three decades, the livestock industry continues to grow. As the single largest contributor to the agricultural sector, the livestock industry constitutes 53% of all agricultural activities and 11% to GDP.5 Now being the fourth largest milk producing country in the world, Pakistan produces 33 billion tons of milk annually.6 Within this sector, Punjab produces the largest share at around 60%. The Government of Pakistan aims for the livestock sector to improve food security, assist in poverty alleviation, and add to foreign exchange earnings. It plans to further develop the sector through improvements in service delivery to be driven by public-private partnerships. Milk processing and supply in Punjab is dominated by large companies from the private sector such as Nestle, Milkpak, Olpers and Hala. These companies operate through dhoodis (milkmen) which offer payment to farmers based on the quantity and quality of milk collected.7 Quality indicators include fat content, purity, and bacteria. Dhoodis also Overview of Milk Value Chain in Pakistan collect milk for household level distribution. This system means that the collection of milk is controlled by middlemen (the dhoodis) leaving farmers open to exploitation and with little control over pricing. Situated within Southern Punjab and with a daily milk production of 2.18 million litres8 (comprising 73% buffalo milk and 26% cow milk), district Vehari was selected to pilot the “Milk Value Chain Project (MVCP)” with project activities commencing in May 2010. 4 Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Economic Survey, 2009-10 5 Ibid 6 Pakistan Dairy Development Company, (2006), The White Revolution: Dhoodh Darya, white paper on Pakistan’s Dairy Sector, Lahore, Pakistan 7 In some areas milk collection centres are also used but this was not found to be the case in the areas investigated in Southern Punjab 8 Pakistan Economic Survey 2007-08 2 Mid-term review of Milk Value Chain Project, Vehari Introduction In early 2010, Plan International in coordination with Intercooperation, conducted a baseline survey and found that 88% of farms fell into the category of a small herd (1-4 animals), higher than in other parts of Punjab. The Plan team concluded that the lack of coordination between these small and scattered holders was making milk collection difficult to manage and expensive. The baseline also found that milk was largely being wasted due to poor marketing infrastructure and the use of dhoodis and contractors who do not have the appropriate facilities for milk handling. Further results from the baseline are detailed in the section on profiling.