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Title Note Available from Locoment Resume He LOCOMENT RESUME ED 071 545 HE 003 646 TITLE Networks for Higher Education. INSTITUTION Interuniversity Communications Council (EDUCOM), Princeton, N. J. PUB DATE 13 Apr 72 NOTE 143p.; Proceedings of the EDUCOM Spring Conference, Washington, April 13, 1972 AVAILABLE FROMEDUCOM, P.O. Box 364, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 ($5.00 for members, $6.00 for nonmembers) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC -$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Computer Programs; *Educational Technology; *Higher Education; Intercommunication; *Regional Planning; *Telecommunication ABSTRACT EDUCOM, the Inter University Communications Council, Inc., planned its 1972 spring conference as a forum for presentations, discussions, and informal meetings to review the present state and the future possibilities of computer networks for higher education. Speeches presentedwere specifically related to: (1) the current status and future plans of ARPANET,a nation-wide computer interconnection operating on a cost-effective basis;(2) the practicalities of computer network use; (3) the network plansof the National Science Foundation; (4) policy issues regardingnetworks with which the Office of Telecommunications policyis concerned; (5) computing activities in Canada, including the plans fora Canadian national network, a Canadian Universities Network(CANNUNET), and the Ontario Universities Network (OUN); and (6) theimportance of applying existing technology to education not only in theinterests of economy and efficiency, but also in the service ofthe basic human goals of education. (HS) . - '21kwamereCapaMMEamanown I Networks for Higher Education EDUCOM , Interuniversity Communications Council, Inc. 1972 LIN ti Networks tia,for Higher Education O=2 i2" 54§ ',1 1 `6-S0 ,,,,' R. top!. ;:, ''',F.P 21tt.-mt! 0 gr li ea 000t PROCEEDINGS t2'2'` U 0 1; au .- U °Wto ; 1 1 ,u 0 5 1 t 2 V8 '.8 OF THE 1 - 5y:8 t g ..CC X _,,Aartnt. tn ."-e-g .9.6.0i EDUCOM SPRING CONFERENCE Apri113, 1972 U.S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH. Washington, D.C. EDUCATIONS WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCE° EXACTLY ASRECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG INATING IT POINTS OFVIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED DONOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIALOFFICE OF EOU CATION POSITION ORPOLICY EDUCOM The Interuniversity Communications Council, Inc. Further information and additional copies of this book may be obtained from EDUCOM, P.O. Box 364, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. The price per copy is $5.00 for members and $6.00 to non members of EDUCOM. ©1972 EDUCOM, The Interuniversity Communications Council, Inc. Printed in the United States of America Foreword Sincethesharing of resources in computer and communications technologyis a major purpose of EDUCOM, itis not unnatural that EDUCOM has closely followed computer network developmentsand their potential for higher education. The Fall 1970 Council Meetingwas devoted to the theoretical and practical aspects of national, regional, andlocal computer networks. Both the Spring Conference and the Fall CouncilMeeting in 1971 included consideration of computing networksas they have affected the financing of computing in higher education andas they have been used to obtain additional computing resources. The continued development of regional networksto the point at which they have become generally useful to educational institutionscoupled with the promise of nation-wide computer interconnectionon a cost-effective basis held out by the ARPANET technology seemedto make this a particularly appropriatetimeforafurtherdiscussionof computernetworks. Consequently, EDUCOM planned its 1972 Spring Conferenceas a forum for presentations, discussions, and informal meetings to review thepresent state and the future possibilities of networks for higher education. The promise of computer networks and their potential role in higher education was underscored by the announcement at the Conference ofthe National Science Foundation's plans for a trial National Science Network.In his presentation, Dr. D. Don Aufenkamp of the Office ofComputing Activities, described the trial network and its goals and invited the submission of preliminary proposals for experiments which might be conductedusing the trial National Science Network. It was visualized that the ex7erimentswould involve scientific research computing, the provision of scientific information services, and educational computing. The Spring Conference was planned as an intensive one-day meeting. The morning session consisted of five presentations, each of which examined the subject of networks for higher education froma different point of view. Dr. Larry Roberts, Director of Information Processing Techniques, ARPA, discussed the current status and future plans of ARPANET. Dr. Ruth Davis, Director, Center for Computing Science Technology, National Bureauof Standards, spoke on the practicalities of network use. Dr. D. Don Aufenkamp, Office of Computing Activities, National Science Foundation, described the Foundation's network plans.Lt.Col.Philip Enslow, Office of Tele- communications Policy, Executive Office of the President, spokeon the policy issues regarding networks with which the Office of Telecommu- iii nications Policy is concerned. Dr. Eric Manning, Professor of Computer ScienceattheUniversity of Waterloo, mosteffectivelysummarized computing activities north of the border, describing the plans announced by the National Science Council for a Canadian national network, a Canadian Universities Network (CANUNET), and the Ontario Universities Network (OUN). The afternoon was devoted to two sets of parallel discussion groups focusing on the technical and manageria: aspects of network use. We were particularly fortunate to have Dr. Sidney P. Marland, U.S. Commissioner of Education, present an address entitled, "Educational Technology: A Vote of Confidence," at the luncheon. Dr. Marland stressed the importance of applying existing technology to education not only in the interests of economy and efficiency, but also in the service of the basic human goals of education, a theme which was echoed in several of the afternoon discussion groups. Dr. Marland also described a number of projects funded by the Office of Education which apply computing technology to higher education and outlinedareorganization within the Office of Education which should permit a more effective focusing of attention on the problems of applying technology to education. The Program Chairman, Dr. William Atchison, Director of the Computer Science Center at the University of Maryland, who is also a Trustee of EDUCOM and Council Chairmanelect, did an outstanding job in planning the Conference. The enthusiastic participation of conferees in the discussion groups and the quality of the major presentations reflect the time and effort which he devoted to preparing the program. I want to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Atchison, the members of his Program Committee, and all of the panel participants who not only contributed their time at the Conference, but also cooperated in the preparation of their presentations for this proceedings. Henry Chauncey iv ,-: Contents INTRODUCTION William Atchison 1 I. NETWORKS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ARPANET: CURRENT STATUS, FUTURE PLANS Lawrence Roberts 7 PRACTICALITIES OF NETWORK USE Ruth Davis 13 NATIONAL SCIENCE (COMPUTER) NETWORK D. Don Aufenkamp 29 MINI-TUTORIAL ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT AND POLICY Philip Enslow 36 , NETWORKS NORTH OF THE BORDER Eric G. Manning 42 II. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY: A VOTE OF CONFIDENCE Sidney P. Mar land 49 III. GROUP DISCUSSIONS 1. ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR NETWORKS Henry McDonald 59 2. ARPANET TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Steve Crocker 63 v 3.MANAGEMENT CONCERNS FOR NATIONAL AND REGIONAL NETWORKS David Morrisroe 65 4.REGIONAL NETWORKS AND INSTRUCTION Thomas Kurtz 70 5.DISCIPLINE ORIENTED CENTERS Peter Lykos 75 6.LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS Frederick G. Kilgour 84 7.HIERARCHICAL COMPUTING William H. Bossert 88 8.GOVERNMENT AND OTHER NON-UNIVERSITY NETWORKS Edwin Istvan 90 9.RESEARCH USES OF NETWORKS J. C. R. Licklider 93 10. COMMERCIAL NETWORKS AND TIME-SHARING SERVICES Carl Hammer 11. IMPLICATIONS OF NETWORKS FOR COMPUTER CENTERS Benjamin Mittman 106 12. COMPUTING FOR SMALLER COLLEGES Paul T. Welke 114 13. INSTRUCTIONAL USES OF THE COMPUTER Charles J. Mosmann 117 14. NETWORKS FOR MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCE Harold Wooster 120 SUPPLEMENTS Conference Participants 129 vi Introduction During thelast few years severalalternative designs for national computer networks have been developed. While in most cases permanent computer communications networks have not developed to a practical stage, several models show great promise. Some of the universities which have participatedinthedesign and development of national networks have consideredtheproblems,costs,andbenefitsavailablefromthese arrangements. However, there has been little communication among other universities and colleges concerning the potential benefits or disadvantages to the educational community which will result from the more general use of an ARPA Network run by a civilian agency or from the development of alternative national networks for computing. The EDUCOM Spring 1972 Conference, "Networks for Higher Education," was planned as a forum for discussion of the conditions under which existing or planned national networks could provide significant resources for higher education. Larry Roberts in the first presentation of the morning, gives a brief description of the ARPA Network, an analysis of some of its characteristics, and a statement
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