Elisabeth Mendes Martins De Moura Diversidade De Vírus DNA
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Chapitre Quatre La Spécificité D'hôtes Des Virophages Sputnik
AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE FACULTE DE MEDECINE DE MARSEILLE ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTE THESE DE DOCTORAT Présentée par Morgan GAÏA Né le 24 Octobre 1987 à Aubagne, France Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de l’UNIVERSITE AIX -MARSEILLE SPECIALITE : Pathologie Humaine, Maladies Infectieuses Les virophages de Mimiviridae The Mimiviridae virophages Présentée et publiquement soutenue devant la FACULTE DE MEDECINE de MARSEILLE le 10 décembre 2013 Membres du jury de la thèse : Pr. Bernard La Scola Directeur de thèse Pr. Jean -Marc Rolain Président du jury Pr. Bruno Pozzetto Rapporteur Dr. Hervé Lecoq Rapporteur Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 Directeur : Pr. Didier RAOULT Avant-propos Le format de présentation de cette thèse correspond à une recommandation de la spécialité Maladies Infectieuses et Microbiologie, à l’intérieur du Master des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé qui dépend de l’Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie de Marseille. Le candidat est amené à respecter des règles qui lui sont imposées et qui comportent un format de thèse utilisé dans le Nord de l’Europe permettant un meilleur rangement que les thèses traditionnelles. Par ailleurs, la partie introduction et bibliographie est remplacée par une revue envoyée dans un journal afin de permettre une évaluation extérieure de la qualité de la revue et de permettre à l’étudiant de commencer le plus tôt possible une bibliographie exhaustive sur le domaine de cette thèse. Par ailleurs, la thèse est présentée sur article publié, accepté ou soumis associé d’un bref commentaire donnant le sens général du travail. -
Novel Sulfolobus Virus with an Exceptional Capsid Architecture
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION crossm Novel Sulfolobus Virus with an Exceptional Capsid Architecture Haina Wang,a Zhenqian Guo,b Hongli Feng,b Yufei Chen,c Xiuqiang Chen,a Zhimeng Li,a Walter Hernández-Ascencio,d Xin Dai,a,f Zhenfeng Zhang,a Xiaowei Zheng,a Marielos Mora-López,d Yu Fu,a Chuanlun Zhang,e Ping Zhu,b,f Li Huanga,f aState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China bNational Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China cState Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China dCenter for Research in Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica eDepartment of Ocean Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China fCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ABSTRACT A novel archaeal virus, denoted Sulfolobus ellipsoid virus 1 (SEV1), was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Costa Rica. The morphologically unique virion of SEV1 contains a protein capsid with 16 regularly spaced striations and an 11-nm- thick envelope. The capsid exhibits an unusual architecture in which the viral DNA, probably in the form of a nucleoprotein filament, wraps around the longitudinal axis of the virion in a plane to form a multilayered disk-like structure with a central hole, and 16 of these structures are stacked to generate a spool-like capsid. SEV1 harbors a linear double-stranded DNA genome of ϳ23 kb, which encodes 38 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). -
Changes to Virus Taxonomy 2004
Arch Virol (2005) 150: 189–198 DOI 10.1007/s00705-004-0429-1 Changes to virus taxonomy 2004 M. A. Mayo (ICTV Secretary) Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, U.K. Received July 30, 2004; accepted September 25, 2004 Published online November 10, 2004 c Springer-Verlag 2004 This note presents a compilation of recent changes to virus taxonomy decided by voting by the ICTV membership following recommendations from the ICTV Executive Committee. The changes are presented in the Table as decisions promoted by the Subcommittees of the EC and are grouped according to the major hosts of the viruses involved. These new taxa will be presented in more detail in the 8th ICTV Report scheduled to be published near the end of 2004 (Fauquet et al., 2004). Fauquet, C.M., Mayo, M.A., Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U., and Ball, L.A. (eds) (2004). Virus Taxonomy, VIIIth Report of the ICTV. Elsevier/Academic Press, London, pp. 1258. Recent changes to virus taxonomy Viruses of vertebrates Family Arenaviridae • Designate Cupixi virus as a species in the genus Arenavirus • Designate Bear Canyon virus as a species in the genus Arenavirus • Designate Allpahuayo virus as a species in the genus Arenavirus Family Birnaviridae • Assign Blotched snakehead virus as an unassigned species in family Birnaviridae Family Circoviridae • Create a new genus (Anellovirus) with Torque teno virus as type species Family Coronaviridae • Recognize a new species Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the genus Coro- navirus, family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales -
Multiple Origins of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Single-Stranded DNA Viruses from Bacterial and Archaeal Plasmids
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11433-0 OPEN Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids Darius Kazlauskas 1, Arvind Varsani 2,3, Eugene V. Koonin 4 & Mart Krupovic 5 Single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular, the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses show high diversity and abundance 1234567890():,; in various habitats. By combining sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses of the replication proteins (Rep) belonging to the HUH endonuclease superfamily, we show that the replication machinery of the CRESS-DNA viruses evolved, on three independent occa- sions, from the Reps of bacterial rolling circle-replicating plasmids. The CRESS-DNA viruses emerged via recombination between such plasmids and cDNA copies of capsid genes of eukaryotic positive-sense RNA viruses. Similarly, the rep genes of prokaryotic DNA viruses appear to have evolved from HUH endonuclease genes of various bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Our findings also suggest that eukaryotic polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses with dsDNA genomes have evolved via parvoviruses from CRESS-DNA viruses. Collectively, our results shed light on the complex evolutionary history of a major class of viruses revealing its polyphyletic origins. 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania. 2 The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. 3 Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa. -
Genetic Content and Evolution of Adenoviruses Andrew J
Journal of General Virology (2003), 84, 2895–2908 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.19497-0 Review Genetic content and evolution of adenoviruses Andrew J. Davison,1 Ma´ria Benko´´ 2 and Bala´zs Harrach2 Correspondence 1MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK Andrew Davison 2Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, [email protected] Hungary This review provides an update of the genetic content, phylogeny and evolution of the family Adenoviridae. An appraisal of the condition of adenovirus genomics highlights the need to ensure that public sequence information is interpreted accurately. To this end, all complete genome sequences available have been reannotated. Adenoviruses fall into four recognized genera, plus possibly a fifth, which have apparently evolved with their vertebrate hosts, but have also engaged in a number of interspecies transmission events. Genes inherited by all modern adenoviruses from their common ancestor are located centrally in the genome and are involved in replication and packaging of viral DNA and formation and structure of the virion. Additional niche-specific genes have accumulated in each lineage, mostly near the genome termini. Capture and duplication of genes in the setting of a ‘leader–exon structure’, which results from widespread use of splicing, appear to have been central to adenovirus evolution. The antiquity of the pre-vertebrate lineages that ultimately gave rise to the Adenoviridae is illustrated by morphological similarities between adenoviruses and bacteriophages, and by use of a protein-primed DNA replication strategy by adenoviruses, certain bacteria and bacteriophages, and linear plasmids of fungi and plants. -
The LUCA and Its Complex Virome in Another Recent Synthesis, We Examined the Origins of the Replication and Structural Mart Krupovic , Valerian V
PERSPECTIVES archaea that form several distinct, seemingly unrelated groups16–18. The LUCA and its complex virome In another recent synthesis, we examined the origins of the replication and structural Mart Krupovic , Valerian V. Dolja and Eugene V. Koonin modules of viruses and posited a ‘chimeric’ scenario of virus evolution19. Under this Abstract | The last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent population model, the replication machineries of each of of organisms from which all cellular life on Earth descends. The reconstruction of the four realms derive from the primordial the genome and phenotype of the LUCA is a major challenge in evolutionary pool of genetic elements, whereas the major biology. Given that all life forms are associated with viruses and/or other mobile virion structural proteins were acquired genetic elements, there is no doubt that the LUCA was a host to viruses. Here, by from cellular hosts at different stages of evolution giving rise to bona fide viruses. projecting back in time using the extant distribution of viruses across the two In this Perspective article, we combine primary domains of life, bacteria and archaea, and tracing the evolutionary this recent work with observations on the histories of some key virus genes, we attempt a reconstruction of the LUCA virome. host ranges of viruses in each of the four Even a conservative version of this reconstruction suggests a remarkably complex realms, along with deeper reconstructions virome that already included the main groups of extant viruses of bacteria and of virus evolution, to tentatively infer archaea. We further present evidence of extensive virus evolution antedating the the composition of the virome of the last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA; also LUCA. -
Comparison of Plant‐Adapted Rhabdovirus Protein Localization and Interactions
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS Kathleen Marie Martin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Martin, Kathleen Marie, "COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS" (2011). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 172. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/172 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Kathleen Marie Martin The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Kathleen Marie Martin Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Michael M Goodin, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology Lexington, Kentucky 2011 Copyright © Kathleen Marie Martin 2011 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV), Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV) and Lettuce Necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) are members of the Rhabdoviridae family that infect plants. SYNV and PYDV are Nucleorhabdoviruses that replicate in the nuclei of infected cells and LNYV is a Cytorhabdovirus that replicates in the cytoplasm. LNYV and SYNV share a similar genome organization with a gene order of Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P), putative movement protein (Mv), Matrix protein (M), Glycoprotein (G) and Polymerase protein (L). -
Archaeal Viruses and Bacteriophages: Comparisons and Contrasts
Review Archaeal viruses and bacteriophages: comparisons and contrasts Maija K. Pietila¨ , Tatiana A. Demina, Nina S. Atanasova, Hanna M. Oksanen, and Dennis H. Bamford Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Isolated archaeal viruses comprise only a few percent of Euryarchaeaota [9,10]. Archaea have also been cultivated all known prokaryotic viruses. Thus, the study of viruses from moderate environments such as seawater and soil. infecting archaea is still in its early stages. Here we Consequently, an additional phylum, Thaumarchaeota, summarize the most recent discoveries of archaeal vi- has been formed to contain mesophilic and thermophilic ruses utilizing a virion-centered view. We describe the ammonia-oxidizing archaea [11]. However, all known ar- known archaeal virion morphotypes and compare them chaeal viruses infect extremophiles – mainly hyperther- to the bacterial counterparts, if such exist. Viruses infect- mophiles belonging to the crenarchaeal genera Sulfolobus ing archaea are morphologically diverse and present and Acidianus or halophiles of the euryarchaeal genera some unique morphotypes. Although limited in isolate Haloarcula, Halorubrum, and Halobacterium [6,7]. Even number, archaeal viruses reveal new insights into the though bacteria are also found in diverse extreme habitats viral world, such as deep evolutionary relationships such as hypersaline lakes, archaea typically dominate at between viruses that infect hosts from all three domains extreme salinities, based on both cultivation-dependent of life. and -independent studies [6,12–15]. Consequently, archae- al viruses do the same in hypersaline environments. About Discovery of archaeal viruses 50 prokaryotic haloviruses were recently isolated from All cellular organisms are susceptible to viral infections, nine globally distant locations, and only four of them which makes viruses a major evolutionary force shaping infected bacteria [6,16]. -
On the Biological Success of Viruses
MI67CH25-Turner ARI 19 June 2013 8:14 V I E E W R S Review in Advance first posted online on June 28, 2013. (Changes may still occur before final publication E online and in print.) I N C N A D V A On the Biological Success of Viruses Brian R. Wasik and Paul E. Turner Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2013. 67:519–41 Keywords The Annual Review of Microbiology is online at adaptation, biodiversity, environmental change, evolvability, extinction, micro.annualreviews.org robustness This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102833 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Are viruses more biologically successful than cellular life? Here we exam- All rights reserved ine many ways of gauging biological success, including numerical abun- dance, environmental tolerance, type biodiversity, reproductive potential, and widespread impact on other organisms. We especially focus on suc- cessful ability to evolutionarily adapt in the face of environmental change. Viruses are often challenged by dynamic environments, such as host immune function and evolved resistance as well as abiotic fluctuations in temperature, moisture, and other stressors that reduce virion stability. Despite these chal- lenges, our experimental evolution studies show that viruses can often readily adapt, and novel virus emergence in humans and other hosts is increasingly problematic. We additionally consider whether viruses are advantaged in evolvability—the capacity to evolve—and in avoidance of extinction. On the basis of these different ways of gauging biological success, we conclude that viruses are the most successful inhabitants of the biosphere. -
Corona and Other Virus: Their Useful and Harmful Aspects
Current Trends on Biotechnology & Microbiology DOI: ISSN: 2641-6875 10.32474/CTBM.2020.02.000129Review Article Corona and Other Virus: Their Useful and Harmful Aspects Birhanu Gizaw* Microbial Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Birhanu Gizaw, Microbial Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Received: June 15, 2020 Published: September 22, 2020 Abstract How the single virus is forceful and shakes the world is eyewitness during this contemporary COVID 19 pandemic time. People primarily think of viruses such as HIV, Ebola, Zika, Influenza, Tobacco mosaic virus or whatever new outbreak like SARS, Corona are Understandingall viruses worst the and microbial non-beneficial. world isHowever, very critical not all and viruses crucial are thing detrimental that they and are influential driving force to human, and governing animal and the plantphysical health. world In fact, some viruses have beneficial properties for their hosts in a symbiotic relationship and scientific research in many disciplines. industry,and biosphere agriculture, at all. Thehealth virus and and environment other microbial are the life application those of bacteria, of microbes fungi, andprion, their viroid, products virion are are too requiring high for great human attention being and researchenvironment. to enhance Without their microbes utilization all lifefrom would majority be cease of useful on earth.aspects However, of microbial some genetic microbes resource. are very The dangerous secret behind like of Corona every virus, HIV, Ebola, Mycobacterium and others that destroy human life, but majority of microorganisms are too useful to promote virusdevelopment. in respect Through with health, building environment, and strengthening agriculture microbial and biotechnological culture collection application centers during and through this Covid19 strong pandemic conservation time strategy, to raise awarenessit is possible about to exploit virus atmore all. -
Elucidating Viral Communities During a Phytoplankton Bloom on the West Antarctic Peninsula
fmicb-10-01014 May 10, 2019 Time: 14:46 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 14 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01014 Elucidating Viral Communities During a Phytoplankton Bloom on the West Antarctic Peninsula Tomás Alarcón-Schumacher1,2†, Sergio Guajardo-Leiva1†, Josefa Antón3 and Beatriz Díez1,4* 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany, 3 Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain, 4 Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile In Antarctic coastal waters where nutrient limitations are low, viruses are expected to play a major role in the regulation of bloom events. Despite this, research in viral identification and dynamics is scarce, with limited information available for the Southern Ocean (SO). This study presents an integrative-omics approach, comparing variation in the viral and microbial active communities on two contrasting sample conditions from Edited by: a diatom-dominated phytoplankton bloom occurring in Chile Bay in the West Antarctic David Velazquez, Autonomous University of Madrid, Peninsula (WAP) in the summer of 2014. The known viral community, initially dominated Spain by Myoviridae family (∼82% of the total assigned reads), changed to become dominated Reviewed by: by Phycodnaviridae (∼90%), while viral activity was predominantly driven by dsDNA Carole Anne Llewellyn, ∼ ∼ Swansea University, United Kingdom members of the Phycodnaviridae ( 50%) and diatom infecting ssRNA viruses ( 38%), Márcio Silva de Souza, becoming more significant as chlorophyll a increased. A genomic and phylogenetic Fundação Universidade Federal do characterization allowed the identification of a new viral lineage within the Myoviridae Rio Grande, Brazil family. -
Determinants of Taxonomic Composition of Plant Viruses at the Nature Conservancy’S Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Oklahoma Vaskar Thapa,1,2 Daniel J
Virus Evolution, 2015, 1(1): vev007 doi: 10.1093/ve/vev007 Research article Determinants of taxonomic composition of plant viruses at the Nature Conservancy’s Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Oklahoma Vaskar Thapa,1,2 Daniel J. McGlinn,2,† Ulrich Melcher,3 Michael W. Palmer,2 and Marilyn J. Roossinck1,*,†,‡ 1Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, 2Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA and 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] †Present address: Biology Department, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA. ‡http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-0627 Abstract The role of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping the diversity and composition of communities of plant viruses remain understudied, particularly in natural settings. In this study, we test the effects of host identity, location, and sampling year on the taxonomic composition of plant viruses in six native plant species [Ambrosia psilostachya (Asteraceae), Vernonia baldwinii (Asteraceae), Asclepias viridis (Asclepiadaceae), Ruellia humilis (Acanthaceae), Panicum virgatum (Poaceae) and Sorghastrum nutans (Poaceae)] from the Nature Conservancy’s Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oklahoma. We sampled over 400 specimens of the target host plants from twenty sites (plots) in the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve over 4 years and tested them for the presence of plant viruses applying virus-like particle and double-stranded RNA enrichment meth- ods. Many of the viral sequences identified could not be readily assigned to species, either due to their novelty or the short- ness of the sequence.