Corona and Other Virus: Their Useful and Harmful Aspects
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COVID-19: Perspective, Patterns and Evolving Strategies
COVID-19: Perspective, Patterns and Evolving strategies Subject Category: Clinical Virology Vinod Nikhra* Department of Medicine, Hindu Rao Hospital & NDMC Medical College, New Delhi, India Submitted: 02 June 2020 | Approved: 06 July 2020 | Published: 09 July 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Nikhra V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.29328/ebook1003 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-5232 *Corresponding author: Dr. Vinod Nikhra, M.D. Consultant and Faculty, Department of Medicine, Hindu Rao Hospital & NDMC Medical College, New Delhi, India, Tel: 91-9810874937; Email: [email protected]; drvinodnikhra@rediff mail.com Open Access COVID-19: Perspective, Patterns and Evolving strategies Table of Contents - 7 Chapters Sl No Chapters Title Pages The Trans-Zoonotic Virome Interface: Measures to 1 Chapter 1 003-011 Balance, Control and Treat Epidemics Exploring Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Infection: Faux 2 Chapter 2 012-020 Espoir and Dormant Therapeutic Options The Agent and Host Factors in COVID-19: Exploring 3 Chapter 3 021-036 Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications Adverse Outcomes for Elderly in COVID-19: Annihilation 4 Chapter 4 037-047 of the Longevity Dream Identifying Patterns in COVID-19: Morbidity, Recovery, 5 Chapter 5 048-058 and the Aftermath The New Revelations: Little-known Facts about COVID-19 6 Chapter 6 059-068 and their Implications Fear, Reaction and Rational Behaviour to COVID-19 in 7 Chapter 7 069-076 Public, Health Professionals and Policy Planners La Confusion: Caring for COVID-19 patients 8 Postscript 077-079 and the raging, engulfi ng and debilitating pandemic 9 Acknowledgement 080-080 *Corresponding HTTPS://WWW.HEIGHPUBS.ORG author: Dr. -
Elisabeth Mendes Martins De Moura Diversidade De Vírus DNA
Elisabeth Mendes Martins de Moura Diversidade de vírus DNA autóctones e alóctones de mananciais e de esgoto da região metropolitana de São Paulo Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Microbiologia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do Titulo de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Microbiologia Orienta: Prof (a). Dr (a). Dolores Ursula Mehnert versão original São Paulo 2017 RESUMO MOURA, E. M. M. Diversidade de vírus DNA autóctones e alóctones de mananciais e de esgoto da região metropolitana de São Paulo. 2017. 134f. Tese (Doutorado em Microbiologia) - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. A água doce no Brasil, assim como o seu consumo é extremamente importante para as diversas atividades criadas pelo ser humano. Por esta razão o consumo deste bem é muito grande e consequentemente, provocando o seu impacto. Os mananciais são normalmente usados para abastecimento doméstico, comercial, industrial e outros fins. Os estudos na área de ecologia de micro-organismos nos ecossistemas aquáticos (mananciais) e em esgotos vêm sendo realizados com mais intensidade nos últimos anos. Nas últimas décadas foi introduzido o conceito de virioplâncton com base na abundância e diversidade de partículas virais presentes no ambiente aquático. O virioplâncton influencia muitos processos ecológicos e biogeoquímicos, como ciclagem de nutriente, taxa de sedimentação de partículas, diversidade e distribuição de espécies de algas e bactérias, controle de florações de fitoplâncton e transferência genética horizontal. Os estudos nesta área da virologia molecular ainda estão muito restritos no país, bem como muito pouco se conhece sobre a diversidade viral na água no Brasil. -
Ictvdb the Universal Virus Database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Virus Infection Is Host Specific
ICTVdB the Universal Virus Database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on the web since 1993 http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/ Cornelia Büchen-Osmond Australian National University Columbia University Viruses coming to TaiBNET How might ICTVdB assist construction of a virus database for TaiBNET? • briefly introduce viruses, potentially the 8th kingdom of life (Mimivirus) • describe ICTV, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses that decides on virus nomenclature and classification • outline distinctive functions of ICTVdB • show how ICTVdB could be used to add viruses to TaiBNET. What is a virus ? Viruses are found in all forms of life – subcellular entities consisting of •protein capsids in remarkable diversity •may have a lipid envelope •nucleoprotein/genome – dsDNA, ssDNA, dsDNA-RT, dsRNA, ssRNA, ssRNA-RT – totally dependent on the host •for genome transcription and replication •for assembly, maturation and egression Taichung Aug 2008 ICTVdB the Universal Virus Database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Virus infection is host specific Viruses usually • infect specific hosts – host from one or more families – species specific (Influenza B virus) – Influenza A viruses have a wide-spread host range (birds, fish, reptiles, mammals) • have a high mutation rates • recombine in the host cell • can acquire genes from the host • can transfer genes to another host Although much reduced forms of life, viruses have been called “master explorers of evolutionary space” and perhaps are a driving force -
The Politics of the Coronavirus and Its Impact on International Relations
Vol. 14(3), pp. 116-125, July-September 2020 DOI: 10.5897/AJPSIR2020.1271 Article Number: FA1630564661 ISSN: 1996-0832 Copyright ©2020 African Journal of Political Science and Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPSIR International Relations Full Length Research Paper The politics of the coronavirus and its impact on international relations Bheki Richard Mngomezulu Department of Political Science, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. Received 7 June, 2020; Accepted 1 July, 2020 Pandemic outbreaks are not a new phenomenon globally. There is plethora of evidence to substantiate this view. However, each epidemic has its own defining features, magnitude, and discernible impact. Societies are affected differently. The coronavirus or COVID-19 is not an incongruity. Although it is still active, thus making detailed empirical data inconclusive, it has already impacted societies in many ways - leaving indelible marks. Regarding methodology, this paper is an analytic and exploratory desktop study which draws evidence from different countries to advance certain arguments. It is mainly grounded in political science (specifically international relations) and history academic disciplines. Firstly, the paper begins by looking at how the coronavirus has affected international relations – both positively and negatively. Secondly, using examples from different countries, it argues that the virus has exposed the political leadership by bringing to bear endemic socio-economic inequalities which result in citizens responding differently to government regulations meant to flatten the curve of infection. Thirdly, in the context of Africa, the paper makes a compelling argument that some of the socio-economic situations found within the continent are remnants of colonialism and apartheid. -
Comparative Analysis, Distribution, and Characterization of Microsatellites in Orf Virus Genome
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analysis, distribution, and characterization of microsatellites in Orf virus genome Basanta Pravas Sahu1, Prativa Majee 1, Ravi Raj Singh1, Anjan Sahoo2 & Debasis Nayak 1* Genome-wide in-silico identifcation of microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the Orf virus (ORFV), the causative agent of contagious ecthyma has been carried out to investigate the type, distribution and its potential role in the genome evolution. We have investigated eleven ORFV strains, which resulted in the presence of 1,036–1,181 microsatellites per strain. The further screening revealed the presence of 83–107 compound SSRs (cSSRs) per genome. Our analysis indicates the dinucleotide (76.9%) repeats to be the most abundant, followed by trinucleotide (17.7%), mononucleotide (4.9%), tetranucleotide (0.4%) and hexanucleotide (0.2%) repeats. The Relative Abundance (RA) and Relative Density (RD) of these SSRs varied between 7.6–8.4 and 53.0–59.5 bp/ kb, respectively. While in the case of cSSRs, the RA and RD ranged from 0.6–0.8 and 12.1–17.0 bp/kb, respectively. Regression analysis of all parameters like the incident of SSRs, RA, and RD signifcantly correlated with the GC content. But in a case of genome size, except incident SSRs, all other parameters were non-signifcantly correlated. Nearly all cSSRs were composed of two microsatellites, which showed no biasedness to a particular motif. Motif duplication pattern, such as, (C)-x-(C), (TG)- x-(TG), (AT)-x-(AT), (TC)- x-(TC) and self-complementary motifs, such as (GC)-x-(CG), (TC)-x-(AG), (GT)-x-(CA) and (TC)-x-(AG) were observed in the cSSRs. -
Inspection Guidelines Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (Tobrfv)
Inspection Guidelines Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (ToBRFV) Target Pest Affected Commodities Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV or Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) TBRFV) (Tobamovirus: Virgaviridae) Capsicum spp. (peppers, including chili peppers) 1 2 3 Distribution Signs and Symptoms: ToBRFV has been reported in Mexico, England, Producers and packing houses should thoroughly Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Jordan, Israel, inspect tomato and pepper shipments for ToBRFV Palestine, Turkey, and China. symptoms. • Fruit: Patterns of yellow/green spots and rough, brown, wrinkled patches appear on tomato fruits. There can also be green stripes and brown spots on green tomato fruits. Tomato fruit may appear deformed and/or discolored with various marbling combinations of brown, yellow, red and green. Tomato variety can affect symptom expression. In pepper, fruits display similar symptoms, but can also exhibit green grooves. • Leaves: Tomato leaves could appear discolored or “mottled”, wrinkled, yellowed, and lacking color uniformity. • Other plant parts: This virus causes a pattern 4 5 of yellow/green spots to develop on the calyx. Peduncle, sepals, petioles, and stems could develop necrotic spots. Version 1.0 For Official Government Use Only Updated: 11/21/2019 Pest Alert Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (ToBRFV) 6 7 8 Refer to PPQ’s Fruit and Vegetables Import Additional Information Requirements (FAVIR) for other general inspection Specific guidelines are available in the Federal Order. guidelines. To prevent cross-contamination, gloves should be worn when handling fruit, changed between Photo Credits inspections, and discarded to prevent spread. -
Comparison of Plant‐Adapted Rhabdovirus Protein Localization and Interactions
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS Kathleen Marie Martin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Martin, Kathleen Marie, "COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS" (2011). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 172. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/172 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Kathleen Marie Martin The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Kathleen Marie Martin Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Michael M Goodin, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology Lexington, Kentucky 2011 Copyright © Kathleen Marie Martin 2011 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION COMPARISON OF PLANT‐ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS PROTEIN LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTIONS Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV), Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV) and Lettuce Necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) are members of the Rhabdoviridae family that infect plants. SYNV and PYDV are Nucleorhabdoviruses that replicate in the nuclei of infected cells and LNYV is a Cytorhabdovirus that replicates in the cytoplasm. LNYV and SYNV share a similar genome organization with a gene order of Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P), putative movement protein (Mv), Matrix protein (M), Glycoprotein (G) and Polymerase protein (L). -
Microbiology E-Journal
From the Principal’s Desk I would like to congratulate the entire team of Department of Microbiology for their wonderful though very strenuous attempt to publish a journal exclusively for the students. Presently the e-version of the journal is going to be released on auspicious day of 5th September, i.e. the Teacher's Day. I hope, later on the print version will be published. In my perception it is a tribute to the entire faculty members by the students because these write ups simply say that how much they assimilate from their teachers in this subject. We all know and still experiencing a very stressful as well as fearful daily life due to the pandemic. We came to know many information regarding this covid-19 virus from many microbiologists not only from India but also from other countries like Canada, USA and many more. The Department of Microbiology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College produced many students who are pursuing their research in India as well as abroad. In response to the call from their teachers they shared their knowledge with us in many webinars organized by the department. In my perception all the students of this department are budding scientist of future. No one knows it may so happen that we come to know that one of our students succeed to be associated with the invention of any life-saving drug or vaccine. Once again, I want thank all students and faculties for initiating this attempt and hope that this will continue to publish. Dr. Rajyasri Neogy, Principal, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College Contents Paper Title Page No. -
Diversity of Plant Virus Movement Proteins: What Do They Have in Common?
processes Review Diversity of Plant Virus Movement Proteins: What Do They Have in Common? Yuri L. Dorokhov 1,2,* , Ekaterina V. Sheshukova 1, Tatiana E. Byalik 3 and Tatiana V. Komarova 1,2 1 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (E.V.S.); [email protected] (T.V.K.) 2 Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia 3 Department of Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 November 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: The modern view of the mechanism of intercellular movement of viruses is based largely on data from the study of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 30-kDa movement protein (MP). The discovered properties and abilities of TMV MP, namely, (a) in vitro binding of single-stranded RNA in a non-sequence-specific manner, (b) participation in the intracellular trafficking of genomic RNA to the plasmodesmata (Pd), and (c) localization in Pd and enhancement of Pd permeability, have been used as a reference in the search and analysis of candidate proteins from other plant viruses. Nevertheless, although almost four decades have passed since the introduction of the term “movement protein” into scientific circulation, the mechanism underlying its function remains unclear. It is unclear why, despite the absence of homology, different MPs are able to functionally replace each other in trans-complementation tests. Here, we consider the complexity and contradictions of the approaches for assessment of the ability of plant viral proteins to perform their movement function. -
Viruses Virus Diseases Poaceae(Gramineae)
Viruses and virus diseases of Poaceae (Gramineae) Viruses The Poaceae are one of the most important plant families in terms of the number of species, worldwide distribution, ecosystems and as ingredients of human and animal food. It is not surprising that they support many parasites including and more than 100 severely pathogenic virus species, of which new ones are being virus diseases regularly described. This book results from the contributions of 150 well-known specialists and presents of for the first time an in-depth look at all the viruses (including the retrotransposons) Poaceae(Gramineae) infesting one plant family. Ta xonomic and agronomic descriptions of the Poaceae are presented, followed by data on molecular and biological characteristics of the viruses and descriptions up to species level. Virus diseases of field grasses (barley, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, triticale and wheats), forage, ornamental, aromatic, wild and lawn Gramineae are largely described and illustrated (32 colour plates). A detailed index Sciences de la vie e) of viruses and taxonomic lists will help readers in their search for information. Foreworded by Marc Van Regenmortel, this book is essential for anyone with an interest in plant pathology especially plant virology, entomology, breeding minea and forecasting. Agronomists will also find this book invaluable. ra The book was coordinated by Hervé Lapierre, previously a researcher at the Institut H. Lapierre, P.-A. Signoret, editors National de la Recherche Agronomique (Versailles-France) and Pierre A. Signoret emeritus eae (G professor and formerly head of the plant pathology department at Ecole Nationale Supérieure ac Agronomique (Montpellier-France). Both have worked from the late 1960’s on virus diseases Po of Poaceae . -
Sequences and Phylogenies of Plant Pararetroviruses, Viruses and Transposable Elements
Hansen and Heslop-Harrison. 2004. Adv.Bot.Res. 41: 165-193. Page 1 of 34. FROM: 231. Hansen CN, Heslop-Harrison JS. 2004 . Sequences and phylogenies of plant pararetroviruses, viruses and transposable elements. Advances in Botanical Research 41 : 165-193. Sequences and Phylogenies of 5 Plant Pararetroviruses, Viruses and Transposable Elements CELIA HANSEN AND JS HESLOP-HARRISON* DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY 10 UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER LEICESTER LE1 7RH, UK *AUTHOR FOR CORRESPONDENCE E-MAIL: [email protected] 15 WEBSITE: WWW.MOLCYT.COM I. Introduction ............................................................................................................2 A. Plant genome organization................................................................................2 20 B. Retroelements in the genome ............................................................................3 C. Reverse transcriptase.........................................................................................4 D. Viruses ..............................................................................................................5 II. Retroelements........................................................................................................5 A. Viral retroelements – Retrovirales....................................................................6 25 B. Non-viral retroelements – Retrales ...................................................................7 III. Viral and non-viral elements................................................................................7 -
ICTV Code Assigned: 2011.001Ag Officers)
This form should be used for all taxonomic proposals. Please complete all those modules that are applicable (and then delete the unwanted sections). For guidance, see the notes written in blue and the separate document “Help with completing a taxonomic proposal” Please try to keep related proposals within a single document; you can copy the modules to create more than one genus within a new family, for example. MODULE 1: TITLE, AUTHORS, etc (to be completed by ICTV Code assigned: 2011.001aG officers) Short title: Change existing virus species names to non-Latinized binomials (e.g. 6 new species in the genus Zetavirus) Modules attached 1 2 3 4 5 (modules 1 and 9 are required) 6 7 8 9 Author(s) with e-mail address(es) of the proposer: Van Regenmortel Marc, [email protected] Burke Donald, [email protected] Calisher Charles, [email protected] Dietzgen Ralf, [email protected] Fauquet Claude, [email protected] Ghabrial Said, [email protected] Jahrling Peter, [email protected] Johnson Karl, [email protected] Holbrook Michael, [email protected] Horzinek Marian, [email protected] Keil Guenther, [email protected] Kuhn Jens, [email protected] Mahy Brian, [email protected] Martelli Giovanni, [email protected] Pringle Craig, [email protected] Rybicki Ed, [email protected] Skern Tim, [email protected] Tesh Robert, [email protected] Wahl-Jensen Victoria, [email protected] Walker Peter, [email protected] Weaver Scott, [email protected] List the ICTV study group(s) that have seen this proposal: A list of study groups and contacts is provided at http://www.ictvonline.org/subcommittees.asp .