40808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 ORDER FOR PERIOD FOR TRANSAC­ ORDER OF BUSINESS The motion was agreed to; and

MAN VERSUS INSTITUTION heroine, and on the other stage the most ex­ The Air Force, unamused, is billing McCul­ pensive of the overs.bused military branches, lough for $53,575, which it figures is his pro­ the wielder of the big bomb itself, playing rated share of Air Force Academy expenses HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI hero. Ask who cast them in these roles, and for four years. McCullough's senator, Mark IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I will answer: Me. Hatfield, calls the billing un-American and I am qualified to, a.long with X-milllon undemocratic. I ca.11 it an admirable effort to Wednesday, November 10, 1971 other parents in this country who have sent, recover our good-faith investment in the are sending, or are saving to send their chil­ young gentleman. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the dren to college on their own [the parents'] Good fa.1th-sounds quaint, doesn't it? Perspective page of the Chicago Tribune, hard-earned money. which has gained nationwide attention That ls how the 20-year-old Miss Graber for the nature and variance of its com­ went to Vassar, which is a lot more dear mentary, featured a column in its Tues­ than your average county community college. FOR MANY AMERICANS, NOVEl\IBER day October 26, edition by columnist Er­ Having shelled out for tuition, room, books, 11 IS ARMISTICE DAY nest Furgurson of the Baltimore Sun, and whata.11, she found herself billeted with which highlighted two very interesting a roommate she refers to out of legal dis­ cretion merely a.s "Pamela." Pamela got her subjects which deserve our scrutiny. collegiate career off to a fast start by taking One makes the point of the right a HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES a whiff of hemp and, in the words of the OF FLORIDA conscientious student has to receive an Graber suit, "quickly embraced all aspects education without interference from so­ of the drug culture" and "became a focal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cial malcontents. point of all the drug users on campus." Wednesday, November 10, 1971 The other ·points out the proper em­ Well, that's Pamela's business, you may phasis which the Air Force Academy is say. Perhaps so, even when it is against the Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, November 11 placing and the necessary action being law. "But being a focal point meant having is an appropriate day to pay tribute again taken to prevent abuse by an individual psychedelic gatherings, playing loud music, to the gallant men and women of Amer­ and singing with abandon and all thru the ica who have worn their Nation's uni­ of his service academy training and his night, both in our suite and elsewhere in the resulting obligation. corridor," Miss Graber said. And since Nancy form with dignity and honor. For many Americans it is and always will be Arm­ MAN VS. INSTITUTION and Pamela were roomies and Nancy had this queer notion about doing her homework, they istice Day. (By Ernest Furgurson) didn't precisely groove together. Federal law notwithstanding, this is WASHINGTON.-Let's hear it for Nancy Now Nancy is suing for $1 million, on the anniversary of the end of World War Graber, who has socked Vassar College with grounds that the college's laissez-faire atti­ I and a day traditionally set aside to a million-dollar suit for tolerating her school­ tude toward Pamela's partying caused her honor the veterans of the U.S. Armed mate's pot smoking to the extent that it failure and that this will stigmatize her in ruined her studies. later life. Forces. Also let's hear it for the United States Air At the Air Force Academy, they don't go in Although more and more people ap­ Force [?]. for Vassar's style of progressive education in pear to consider it fashionable to belittle In the continuing campaign of individual either classrooms or dorms. But that did not the military, it remains an unquestioned vs. institution so brashly pushed by young bother young John McCullough, from the fact that it is the military might of the Americans these last yea.rs, there is no more time he signed his contract until six months United States which has kept much of heartening intelligence than Miss Graber's after he graduated last June with a bachelor's the world free of oppression and slavery individual assertion that the young ladles' in­ degree financed by you and me. stitution a.t Poughkeepsie-on-the-Hudson His contract required McCullough to serve under communism and other alien forms has let permissiveness go a long step too far. six years, five of them on active duty after of dictatorship. Unless, perhaps, it ls the parallel action graduation. He opted to go to law school It is the very dedication of those who of the Air Force as an institution against a first and do his active duty later. The Air wore the uniform that has guaranteed 24-year-old individual who has enjoyed a Force agreed. While his time a.t law school did freedom in our Nation; even freedom to four-year education at government expense not count as active duty, it did add to his abuse our country and its institutions. and now decided with exquisite timing that service longevity, and once he had six months One need not ponder long the fate of he doesn't really like the Air Poree business of that, he was exempt from the draft. So after all. six months, two weeks, and one day after anyone who, in 1916 or 1942, strode the Each case, you see, breaks the pattern that graduation from the academy, McCullough streets of America waving the flag of our got to be so boring-that of freedom-loving notified the Air Force that he was a con­ enemies, calling for the overthrow of student or other juvenile challenging stuffy scientious objector. our form of Government, and castigating conservative institution and sometimes pre­ Pretty neat. He gets a high-class education, the men and women who wear our Na­ vailing and sometimes losing, but always he beats the draft, and the taxpayers never tion's uniform. Yet, this is exactly what drawing hosannas from the youth cultists get a day's work out of him. occurs on our streets today. This freedom and two minutes on the evening news. He breaks his contra.ct, which is something Here we have a straight-arrow student any ordinary workingman attempts at con­ to denounce has been won and kept se­ [insofar as her attitude ~oward dope is con­ siderable peril. But--stroke of brilliance !-he cure by the very men and women the rad­ cerned; I ca.re not how she feels about sex, breaks it because he disagrees with the Viet­ icals belittle. The tragic part is the fail­ booze, religion, or "Oh! Calcutta.!"] cast as namese war. ure of other Americans to speak out in November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40809 behalf of our country, its traditions, and AI.LOTT and Mr. DOMINICK, are today in­ Power ls extracted from the reactor in a con­ its veterans. troducing an identical proposal in the ventional manner. We do not today show sufficient regard other body. We all join in expressing the Benefits and Goals: Breeder reactors will have a marked Impact on the fuel situation. for our veterans and their services, Mr. hope that Congress will act to name the Fuel reserves will be greatly conserved and Speaker. True, many of them receive vet­ Commerce Department's Boulder labora­ enrichment capacity will no longer be critical erans benefits, but there is more to hav­ tories in honor of one of the Nation's as the breeder reactors will be producing fis­ ing served America than a dollar benefit. truly outstanding soldier-statesmen. sionable fuels--enough for themselves and They are entitled to the respect and ap­ another reactor of equal size approximately preciation of their countrymen. As old every 7-10 years. fashioned as it may sound, we need a Status of Work: There is presently and has few more parades to honor veterans and NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY­ been for some years a good deal of work In PART XI the field of breeder reactors. Principally, the a few less demonstrations against AEC and the industry have been supporting America. the Liquid Meta.I Fast Breeder Reactor (liM Let those who would seek means to let HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN FBR). Other concepts have been proposed, off steam do so by being affirmative however, and there ls work going on to in­ rather than negative. Let them Ponder OF PENNSYLVANIA vestlg!llte Molten Salt Breeder Reactors, Gas history as it would have been written IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cooled Fast Reactors, and Light Water Breed­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 er Reactors. had there not been Americans willing to Significant Obstacles: The chief Immedi­ shed their life's blood in defense of Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, recent­ ate problem is to raise funds and begin con­ freedom. ly, in my capacity as a member of the struction of a demonstration plant to prove And let us on that solemn day, No­ Science and Astronautics ·Committee's the present technology. There will be difficult vember 11, reaffirm our belief that the Task Force on Energy, I visited with problems of site selection for breeders. Addi­ highest call to national service is the some of my colleagues Princeton Uni­ tional problems, primarily due to the higher call answered by the brave Americans enrichment of the fuel than for thermal re­ versity's Plasma Physics Laboratory in actors, are abllity to license, plant safety, who wear their uniform with pride. order to understand better the problems shipping of spent fuel, and disposal of more and possibilities of fusion power. Other radioactive wastes. members of the task force also visited Timetable and costs for development-Mil­ THE DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER FMC Corp.'s Chemical Research and De­ lions of 1971 dollars LABORATORIES, BOULDER, COLO. velopment Center in Princeton to hear By period: an explanation of the firm's plan to make 1972______250 synthetic fuels from coal. 1973 ______340 The visit was instructive in many re­ 1974 ______369 HON. DONALD G. BROTZMAN spects, but it is neither the time nor my 1975 ______427 OF COLORADO 1976 ______432 place here to elaborate on all we learned 1977 ______476 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that day. 1978______415 Wednesday, November 10, 1971 · However, I was given, as were my task 1979 ______331 Mr. BROTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am force colleagues, some published, but not 1980 ______208 today introducing legislation which widely circulated, information on na­ 1981 to 1985------500 would change the name of the Depart­ tional energy policy matters which I be­ 1986 to 1990------250 ment of Commerce laboratories in Boul­ lieve might interest not only all my col­ 1991 to 2000------200 der, Colo., to the Dwight David Eisen­ leagues here in the House, but those citi­ By function: hower Laboratories. zens who seek to establish some order out Demonstration• (three plus of the current chaotic state of our energy These laboratories, located at the foot Ferllli) ------1,250 of the Rocky Mountains, were opened system. Continuing Research ______-2, 948 during the autumn of 1954, early in the One of the key problems il.t establish­ first administration of President Eisen­ ing a National Energy Policy is under­ Total (29 years)------4, 198 hower. Although the facilities originally standing what new systems of energy • Capi·tal costs in excess of power value. housed the radio section of the National conversion are possible, their feasibility Method of Generation: Nuclear Fusion. Bureau of Standards, they have since how much they may cost and whe~ Priority: !-Critically Important. grown to include segments of the Na­ they might be put to practi~al use. The Description: Confinement of heavy iso- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin­ information below describes in detail the topes of hydrogen (deuterium and/ or tri­ istration, and numerous other Depart­ current state of recommended research tium) at sufficiently high temperature and ment of Commerce laboratories. Pr?je~~s for energy conversion, their density, and for a long enough time will The commitment of President Eisen­ ?riorit1es, benefits, status of work, signif­ result in the fusion of these isotopes to pro­ ICant obstacles, and estimated costs and duce a heavier element and the release of a hower to the peaceful uses of scientific large amount of energy. Conversion of this advancement is well known. The Boulder schedules. energy to electricity ls the method of power laboratories, like the atoms for peace I have taken the information from ap­ production by means of a nuclear fusion plan and the space program, evidenced pendix B of the "Electric Utilities In­ reaction. his interest. As a matter of fact, it was dustry Research and Development Goals Benefits and Goals: The fuel required for President Eisenhower who formally dedi­ Through the Year 2000," a report of the the fusion reaction (deuterium) is natur­ cated the original Boulder laboratories R. & D. Goals Task Force to the Electric ally abundant. If a D-T reaction is used, the tritium required could be taken from a on September 14, 1954. Research Council, dated June 1971 ERC tritium inventory at first and, in the future, The Boulder facility was first initiated publication No. 1-71. Although w~itten the tritium could be ''bred" during the fu­ in 1950 when Congress authorized an ex­ for industry, the material, I believe, is sion reaction. Higher efficiencies are possible panded radio section for the National su.fflciently dispassionate to warrant con­ if topping cycles can be used to extract high Bureau of Standards. A site selection sideration by those in our Government quality energy and adverse environmental committee chose Boulder when the citi­ charged with establishing a National impact will be minimal. In addition, the zens of the city gave the Government 217 Energy Policy. chance for a nuclear excursion will be acres of land for the facility. The material follows: impossible. Status of Work: In recent years, important In addition to President Eisenhower's NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY strides have been made toward setting up interest in science, there was also his Method of Generation: Breeder Reactors. the conditions required for the thermo­ interest in Colorado. His wife is from Priority: 1-Critically Important. nuclear fusion reaction. Large scale efforts Denver, and Ike often vacationed in the Description: Breeder reactors ut111ze neu- have been going on both in this country State. Thus, it is altogether fitting that trons produced in fission reactions to bom­ and abroad and the scientists seem to agree the Government he served in war and bard blanket materials, thereby creating a that a controlled thermonuclear reaction peace permanently honor his memory at new fissionable material. Since the schemes will be demonstrated by the mid 1970s, one of its many fine scientific facilities under investigation produce more than one with satisfactory funding. neutron per fission, there are sufficient num­ Significant Obs,tacles: The chief problem located in the State of Colorado. bers of neutrons available to sustain the fis­ at this stage is to actually sustain a thermo­ I note, Mr. Speaker, that the distin­ sion chain reaction and to produce signifi­ nuclear reaction. Additional problems are: guished Senators from Colorado, Mr. cant amounts of new fissionable material. design of vacuum wall, avoiding escape of 40810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 tritium lithium blanket design, chemical ket. Transmission of hydrogen by pipeline investigated. Prehea.ter technology and and safety aspects of handling liquid lith­ to the point of use could be an wt.tractive methods of highly efficient stack-gas clean­ ium, fuel injection system, spent gas re­ prospect in the future as natural. gas fuels ing are other areas in which significant work moval system, magnet design and tritium dwindle. is required for MHD base load plants. handling. Benefits and Goals: Greatly reduced pollu­ Timetable and costs for development-mil- tion from the combustion of these refined Timetable and costs for development­ lions of 1971 dollars fuels is projected. Higher heat raite and ease millions of 1971 dollars of transporta.tion of the fuel to the point By period: By period: 50 of use are predicted benefits which will add 1972 ------4. 2 1972 ------60 to the economic attractiveness of these proc­ 1973 ------4.4 1973 ------95 esses. 1974 ------4.7 1974 ------110 Status of Work: There is a great deal of 1975 ------9.5 1975 ------135 interest in these processes and considerable 1976 ------16.2 1976 ------160 work is going on under the auspices of the 1977 ------14.4 1977 ------170 Federal Government. Mid 1970 dates Of de­ 1978 ------5.0 1978 ------215 velopment have been targeted and progress 1979 ------4.5 1979 ------245 is steady. 1980 ------30.0 1980 ------Significant Obstacles: Gasification and sol­ 1981 to 1985------120.0 1981 to 1985------1,000 1986 to 1990 ______25.0 1,000 vent processing techniques are being per­ 1991 to 1995 ______----- 1986 to 1990------fected. Areas of poor understanding have 1991 to 1995------500 1996 to 2000 ______500 been identified and work in these areas is 1996 to 2000------underway to improve the techniques. By function: Mimon By function: Basic research------12. 3 Basic Research------­ 1,240 Timetable and costs for development­ Pilots (late 1970's) ------­ 300 millions of 1971 dolla:rs Pilot ------39.0 Demonstration (by mid-1980's)--­ 1,000 By period: Demonstration ------150. 0 1,700 Continuing research------36.6 Contlnuing Research------1972 ------8 1973 ------10 Total (19 years)------237.9 Total (29 years)------4, 240 1974 ------10 1975 ------15 Method of Generation: Fuels Cells. Project: R&D on Present Methods of Gen­ Priority: 2-Very Important. eration. 1976 ------10 Priority: 1-Crltlcally Important. 1977 ------6 Description: The fuel cell intended for Description: Work to improve the rell­ 1978 ------2 substation application and installation at ablllty and efficiency of present day equip­ 1979 ------2 isolated locations on distribution circuits would utilize a fossil fuel, air, and water. ment must be continued. Because the units 19801981 to------1985______52 on the line today will be in our generation These would be processed and sent to the hy­ mix for many years to cOllle, it is essential 19911986 to 1990------1995 ______5 drocarbon-air fuel cell where chemical re­ that all possible improvements be made on 1996 to 2000 ______actions would produce de power. Resultant these units to make them more efficient, reli­ waste products would be air, water, and heat able, and acceptable to the public. This work By function: which could be recycled for the most part must continue on nuclear generators as well Basic Research______6 in the fully developed system. as fossil, including :fluidized bed combus­ Pilot Models______16 Benefits and Goals: The chief goal of fuel tion. Demonstration ------45 cells for substation use ls to provide eco­ Benefits and Goals: Because of the heavy Oontinuing Research______8 nomic generation at dispersed locations on industry-wide investment in present day Total (19 years) ______75 a power system in 10-20 MW blocks. Re­ equipment, it is essential that any and all duced physical plant investment in trans­ possible improvement be realized. Opera.ting Method of Generation: Magnetohydrody­ mission lines (resulting in environmental savings and reduced environmental impact namics (MHD)---open cycle. improvement), centralized base-load gen­ would be hoped for. erating plants, and substation equipment Status of Work: For many years past and Priority: 2--Very important. will help provide economic incentive for this up to this time, leading manufacturers have Description: An MHD generator converts method. Air pollution problems should be been seeking ways to improve their products. the kinetic and thermal energy of a moving eased by the employment of fuel cells be­ These efforts have involved su·ostantlal sums plasma d.1.rectly into electrical energy by cause of (1) reduced emissions from the of money which would be expected due to passing the "seeded" :flow through a strong cells themselves, and (2) "scattered" sources the heavy industry investment in generating magnetic field. Seeding is required to pro­ of emissions. Because of probable modular equipment. It ls expected that such work duce high conductivity in the gas :flow. The construction, high reliablllty can be attained will continue. MHD unit will probably be used to "top" a from these units. Siting problems could be Significant Obstacles: Materials problems conventional steam cycle. Fully developed, minimized if, as predicted, fuel cells could have been defined in many instances. Work 50 % or more of the total output power of be located in urban areas and areas where to develop materials capable of handling the the combined cycle will be extracted from water is scarce. the MHD portion. severe stresses which they face in operation Status of Work: Fuel cells have been de­ ls underway. On the nuclear side, fuel ha.n­ Benefits and Goals: MHD ls proposed for veloped for use in the United States space dling and cycling problems are being investi­ fossil fired, central station, base load power production. Peaking power MHD plants program. These were hydrogen-oxygen cells, gated along with safety requirements for nu­ much too costly and inefficient for power clear power plants. would likely be spun off from an MHD de­ velopmental program. Increased cycle effi­ system application. The technology is, how­ Timetable and expenditures-millions of ciencies a.re projected, resulting in signifi­ ever, in hand for the development of hy­ 1971 dollars cant decreases in thermal pollution. Higher drocarbon-air fuel cells, and considerable By period: work is presently being carried on in the combustion temperatures should facilitate United States. 1972 ------165 :flue-gas cleanup (essential to the process in 1973 ------180 order to recover expensive seed material) Significant Obstacles: Developing multi­ 1974 ------195 and could provide economies resulting from fuel capabil1ties, achieving higher voltage 1975 ------210 the sale of refined waste products. Increased output, interfacing with electric utlllties, 1976 ------225 efficiency will also help alleviate projected meeting desired economic design criteria and 1977 ------240 fossil fuel shortages by requiring less fuel operating endurance are the areas of fuel 1978 ------255 for the generation of a given number of kilo­ cell development requiring the most effort. 1979 ------270 watthours than present day generators. Timetable and costs for development­ 1980 ------285 Status of Work: MHD technology is well millions of 1971 dollars 1981 to 1985------1,650 advanced, both in this country and abroad. 1986 to 1990------2,025 By period: 1991 to 1995 ______2,400 Engineering solutions to many problems en­ 1972 ------6.5 1996 to 2000 ______2.775 countered have been found. Significant ef­ forts have been carried on in the decade of 1973 ------8.0 the 60's, providing much insight into prob­ 1974 ------4.0 Total (29 years)------10,875 lem areas and potential problems of open 1975 ------4.0 IV cycle MHD. It has been reported that the 1976 ------3.0 Method of Generation: Fuel Processing. Russians have started up the MHD portion 1977 ------2.0 Priority: 1-Crltically Important. (25 MW) of a 75 MW combined cycle plant 1978 ------2.0 Description: Gasification and solvent proc- early this year. 1979 ------2.0 essing of coal, and hydrogen production (to Significant Obstacles: Problems encoun­ 19801981 to------1985 ______5.02.0 be used as fuel) are proposed to provide high tered 1n the burning of coal 1n an MHD gen­ quality clean fuels for generating plants. erator are presently not well understood. The 1986 to 1990------The refined coal product..s are projected to effects of the combustion products on gen­ 1991 to 1995------be economically aJttractive in the fuel mar- erator performance and lifetime need to be 1996 to 2000------November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40811 By function: offer increased efficiencies, for the most part, (as some feel possible) would reduce the land Basic Research______9. 4 for present day plant designs. Higher effi­ area required for the same plant by 50%. Pilot Plants______8. 6 ciencies result in savings of operating dol­ Development of auxiliary equipment for fully Demonstration (by late 1970's)----- 10. 5 lars and reduced thermal waste. Problems deveoped plants is another area where sJg­ Continuing Research ______10. O with corrosion are lessened or eliminated by nificant work is required. the use of C02 or helium in conventional Timetable and costs for development­ Total (14 years) ______38.5 cycles. Binary plants offer increases in effi­ millions of 1971 dollars ciency on the order of 15% since power is Method of Generation: Bulk Electric extracted from high quality heat before the By period: Storage Batteries. fluid produces steam for the conventional 1972 ------3.o Priority: 2-Very Important. steam cycle, that steam at modern day con­ 1973 ------3.0 Description: Bulk electric storage batteries ditions. 1974 ------4.0 envisioned for use on power systems would Status of Work: A good number of studies 1975 ------4.0 serve a purpose similar to that of pumped and some tests have been performed on these 1976 ------4.0 storage. During "off-peak" hours, low cost unconventional cycles. Problem areas have 1977 ------8.0 power would be used to charge the batteries been identified and some engineering solu­ 1978 ------10.0 (ma.de of materials capable of storing large tions have been proposed. Much of this work 1979 ------15.0 amounts of power). During peak conditions, is interesting because of the capa.bil1ty shared 19811980 to------1985 ______45.17.0 0 the batteries would be connected to the by several of these methods to extract power 1986 to 1990 ______30. 0 system for power production. from very high temperature fluids, making 1991 to 1995 ______15. 0 Benefits and Goals: The development of the concepts applicable (perhaps) to high 1996 to 2000 ______10. 0 large energy storage batteries would allow temperature nuclear reactors. By function: more efficient use for installed generating Significant Obstacles: Design, develop­ equipment and would eliminate the need Basic resarch______22. o ment, and testing of new turbines, shaft Pilot models (late 1970's) ______22. O of relatively inefficient steam and gas tur­ seals, condensers, etc. would be required for bines for peaking power. If charged by means Demonstration (mid-1980's) ------50. 0 some of the proposed concepts. Effects of the Continuing research ------76. O of base-load nuclear plants, air pollution working fluid on life-time of all equipment would not be associated with this peak would require investigation. There are no Total (29 years)------168. power. Dispersed siting near load centers and apparent technological roadblocks to impede o perhaps even in the cities would be possible the development of any or all of these uncon­ Method of Generation: Magnetohydrody­ with bulk storage batteries. ventional cycles. namics (MHD)-liquid metal. Status of Work: Most of the work done to Priority: 4--Desirable. date on bulk energy storage batteries has Timetable and costs for development­ millions of 1971 dollars Description: The differences between a. been single cell experiments. Many com­ liquid metal MHD generator and a plasma binations of electrodes and electrolytes are By1972 period: ______6.0 MHD generator are basically two: (1) the being tested for maximum energy density, 1973 ______6.0 working fluid; and (2) the method of power acceptable high temperature performance 1974 ______9.0 extraction. In a liquid metal MHD unit, the characteristics, etc. Problem areas are still 1975 ______9.0 power ts extracted as alternating current by being identified and actual batteries have taking advantage of the difference in velocity not as yet been built. This technology is in 1976------1977 ______4.56.0 between the fluid and the applied magnetic its infancy. field. Significant Obstacles: Among those prob­ 1978------3.0 Benefits and Goals: Liquid metal MHD lems already identified in storage battery 19801979------______3.0 appears promising since, due to its operation research are materials corrosion at high tem­ at lower temperatures, no significant mate­ peratures, incomplete discharge, and large 1981 to 1985------7. 5 rials breakthroughs seem to be required for voltage drops at the electrodes. Systems engi­ 1986 to 1990------its development. Used as a topping cycle, this neering problems have not been identified 1991 to 1995------concept would afford increased efficiency at this time, but they are expected to be en­ 1996 to 2000------with its related benefits. countered when we try to incorporate large Status of Work: Work done in the past has batteries into our generation mix on the By function: power systems. Basic Research------11 shown that power can be extracted from an Pilot Models (by late 1970's) ------30 induction liquid metal MHD generator. How­ Timetable and costs for development­ Demonstration ------­ ever, predicted efficiencies and performance millions o/ 1971 dollars Continuing Research------16 have not been reached for a number of rea-" By period: Total (14 years) ______57 sons. Some work on this concept is still con­ 1972 ------5.0 tinuing, both in the U.S. and a.broad. 1973 ------5.0 Method of Generation: Solar Energy Con­ Significant Obstacles: Problems with gen­ 1974 ------6.0 version. erator performance have been uncovered dur­ 1975 ------6.0 Priority: 4--Desirable. ing model testing of these generators. Fail­ 1976 ------4.0 Description: Conversion of the sun's en­ ure to completely understand and compen­ 1977 ------4.0 ergy to electric energy can be accomplished sate for these difficulties has resulted in an 1978 ------5.0 eiJther directly through photovoltaic cells or inabllity to attain the level of performance 1979 ------5.0 indirectly by means of collecting and focus­ predicted for this concept. Specifically, 19811980 to------1985 ______5.0 ing this energy to a. point. In the former claimed increases in efficiency have not been 1986 to 1990 ______10.0 method, solar cells convert a. portion of the realized in units suitable for power system 1991 to 1995 ______energy incident to them by mea!lS of voltage application. Increased understanding of the 1996 to 2000 ______differences between materia.ls of the cell. In systems engineering problems and compo­ the latter method, the sun's energy is used nent problems is necessary. By function: to produce steam, which is then sent through Timetable and costs for development­ Basic research______8. 0 a convenrtiona1 steam plant. millions of 1971 dollars Pilot models------15.0 Benefits and Goals: Solar energy conver­ By period: Demonstration (by early 1980's) ---- 20. O sion offers free fuel and greatly reduced en­ Continuing research ______17. O vironmental intrusion. Large land area re­ 1972 ------0.3 quirements would be the only intrusion by a 1973 ------.8 .1974 ------.8 Tota.I (19 years)------60. O scheme utilizing photovoLtaic cells for the direct con version. 1975 ------1.0 Method of Generation: Unconventional Status of Work: Virtually all of the work 1976 ------1.0 Cycles. done on the development of solar energy 197~ ------2.0 Priority: 3-Important. conversion schemes ha.s been done in con­ 1978 ------2.0 Description: The use of helium or C02 as nection wilth the United States space pro­ 1979 ------5.0 a working fluid instead of conventional gram. Satellites a.re currently being powered 19811980 to------1985 ______10.05.0 steam, or the use of two working fluids (e.g., by solar cells. Only recently have the efforts 1986 to 1990______5. 0 potassium and steam) in the power cycle of the scientists and engineers in the solar 1991 to 1995 ______allows for the rise of higher temperatures energy conversion field been turned toward 1996 to 2000 ______and pressures in the plant cycle. For the case the commercial application of solar cells. of the potassium binary cycle or the helium Significant Obstacles: Discouragingly low By function: cycle, special turbines would be required for efficiencies (on the order of 10%} of present Basic research______7. 4 the power extraction from these fiUlds. In day solar cells, and the very high cost of Pilot models------3. O the binary cycles, the balance of plant is producing these cells are the two most sig­ Demonstration (by m1d-1980's) ----- 10. 0 conventional steam. nificant obstacles. Low efficiency requires Continuing research ______12. 6 Benefits and Goa.ls: Unconventional cycles huge land area. for a sizable power plant. utilizing working fluids other than steam Increasing the efficiency Of the cells to 20% Total (19 yea.rs>------32.9 40812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 Method of Generation: Magnetohydrody­ ventional cycle. Higher efficiencies are pro­ tically pra-eticing spiritual and mental namics (MHD)-Closed cycle plasma. jected and the thermionic converter itself genocide on over 1,600 American prison­ Priority: 4-Deslrable. would cause no pollution problems, bringing ers of war and their families. Description: The basic principle underly­ about a reduction in overall plant waste ing the operation of closed cycle plasma MHD heat, and savings in capital investment on How long? is the same as that for open cycle MHD--con­ the power system. version of thermal and kinetic energy of the Status of Work: Studies have been done to fiowing plasma to electric power. Seeding of show the expected magnitude of increased the plasma is not required (but is sometimes efficiencies when the converter ls applied on GULF RESEARCH AND DEVELOP­ used) for this concept since high conductivity a coal fired unit. 10% increases have been MENT TAKES THE LEAD IN POL­ is attained by means of "non-equllibrium projected. In-core reactor studies and tests LUTION PREVENTION thermal ionization" of the hot gas. Lower are currently underway. Similar efficiency temperatures are required for this method increases are projected for this applioa.tion. than are necessary for open cycle operation. Significant Obstacles: The effect of a coal HON. JAMES M. COLLINS Benefits and Goals: The closed cycle con­ environment on the thermionic converter OF TEXAS cept is aimed at a central station, base load electrodes could be a problem. Relatively few application. Its use for topping a nuclear hours have been accumulated by electrodes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cycle is proposed, thus allowing the use of the in a coal environment, leaving an incomplete Wednesday, November 10, 1971 very high quality heat available from the knowledge of the problem. Radiation damage reactor cores. Increased overall cycle efficien­ to insulators and the accumulation of fission Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, cies are, therefore, the chief benefit to lbe products on the electrodes are problems with for their positive innovations in protect­ realized from this concept. Associated en­ the in-core approach. Fundamental tests in­ ing America against industrial pollution vironmental effects (i.e. decreased thermal vestigating these areas could prove fruitful. Gulf Research & Development has pollution) and economic benefits are pre­ Timetable and costs for development­ been awarded a first place in Petroleum dicted as a result of the higher efficiency. millions of 1971 dollars Engineer's environmental control de­ Status of Work: Much laboratory work has By period: velopment program. Gulf was recognized been carried on in both the United States and for developing a process that substan­ abroad to investigate the properties of the 1972 ------1.0 plasma in the non-equilibrium ionization 1973 ------1.0 tially reduces the sulfur content of resid­ mode. Problems have been encountered in 1974 ------2.0 ual fuel burned in industrial produc­ maintaining the stab111ty of the plasma under 1975 ------2.0 tion and power generation. this condition. However, recent investigations 1976 ------3.0 The subject of environment is becom­ abroad have been aimed at determining the 1977 ------3.0 ing more and more important to Amer­ criticality of maintaining plasma stabllity. 1978 ------2.0 icans. We greatly appreciate the tre­ Early results seem to indicate operation of a 1979 ------2.0 mendous efforts of Gulf Research & closed cycle plasma MHD generator may be 19801981 to------1985 ______------2.51.0 possible even with plasma instabilities. This Development and the petroleum industry work is proceeding. 1986 to 1990------2.5 as a whole as they develop new methods Significant Obstacles: At present, the 19911_996 toto 20001995------______of protecting ecology. plasma stablllty problem is stlll considered Gulf Research & Development was to be the most difficult concern. The engi­ By function: recognized as follows for their new pro­ neering problems associated with the topping Basic research______6. 5 gram for emissions control during proc­ of a nuclear reactor have not been explored in Pilot models (early 1980's)------2. 5 essing and manufacturing: depth, and this could prove to be a difficult Demonstration ------problem. Continuing research ______13. O Gulf Research & Development Co.'s rest­ -dual hydrodesulfurlzation process (HDS) Timetable and costs for development­ can substantially reduce sulfur content of millions of 1971 dollars Total (19 years)------:------22. O residual fuel oil burned for industrial pro­ By period: Method of Generation: Geothermal and Air duction and power generation. 1972 ------1.0 Storage Peaking. Its original design, proved out during the 1973 ------1.0 Priority: Suggested for Private Support. last year and a half in commercial applica­ 1974 ------1.0 Description: The methods named above tion, ls capable of reducing sulfur content 1975 ------1.5 have a potential place in electric power gen­ in Kuwait residual oil from 4% to 1%. New 1976 ------1.5 eration of the future. However, due to spe­ developments offer further reduction to .5 % • 1977 ------2.0 cific requirements for the several concepts, well within generally established guidelines 1978 ------2.0 their application is limited to certain geo­ for air purity in most of the world, and pos­ 1979 ------2.5 graphic segments of the country. sibly as low as .3 % . 1980 ------2.5 Benefits and Goals: Ea.ch concept offers its After 30 yea.rs of research and develop­ 1981 to 1985------25 own unique advantages and all appear to be ment, engineering design, materials study, 1986 to 1990------45 feasible under the conditions dictated for and a total expenditure of a.bout $20,000,000, 1991 to 1995______20 their application. Gulf HDS has been successfully commercial­ 1996 to 2000______10 Status of Work: Feasiblllty has been shown ized. By function: and work is currently underway to either sell Most residual fuels contain high levels of Basic Research______6. 0 or develop these methods.· sulfur (typically, 2-5%). Burning of such Pilot Models (by early 1980's) ------12. 5 Significant Obstacles: Suitabllity and ap­ fuels obviously pollutes the atmosphere with Demonstration (by late 1980's) ----- 66. 5 plicablllty to relatively minor segments of the sulfur oxtdes and cannot be tolerated. Re­ Continuing Research______SO. 0 industry do not appear to warrant industry­ duction of sulfur contents is difficult because residuals contain contaminants, principally Wide participation in the development of vanadium- and nlckel-organo compounds. Total (29 years)------115. 0 these concepts. In the process of removing sulfur by hy­ Method of Generation: Thermionic Con­ Timetable and Costs for Development: No drogenation, the vanadium and nickel are version. recommendation. deposited on the catalyst. Normal desulfuri­ Priority: 4-Desirable. zation catalysts thus lost activity rapidly, Description: Thermionic converters uti­ cycle life is short and processing cost is pro­ lize heat applied to an electrode to "boll off" hibitive. Oxidative regeneration of these used electrons. The electrons cross a gap, usually MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN-HOW catalysts ls unsuccessful since vanadium occupied by a highly conductive V·apor such LONG? sulfates are formed, which poison hydrogen­ as cesium, and are collected on a cooler elec­ ation activity. trode. Power is extracted from the process by Thus, a catalyst was needed which would connecting a load between the emitter and ( 1) tolerate a large a.mount of deposited the collector, allowing the higher potential HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE vanadium and nickel without losing hy­ electrons at the collector to flow through the OF IOWA drogenation activity and (2) be cheap load back to the emitter, thus completing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enough to be economically used in a single circuit. cycle and then repla.ced with fresh catalyst. Benefits and Goals: The thermionic con­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 Gulf's catalyst meets these requirements­ verter ls proposed as a topping cycle for ei­ Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child retalns activity while accumulating as much ther nuclear or fossil-fired plant. In either as 65 % of the contaminants, the company is case, the converter would be very near the ru:;ks: "Where daddy?" A mother asks: says. heat source (in the reactor or furnace) and "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my First commercialization of Gulf HDS proc­ rejected heat (cooling the collector) would hUS'band alive or dead?" ess was made in Nippon Min1ng Co.'s re­ be transferred to the working fluid of a con- Communist North Vietnam is sadis- finery at Mitsushima, Japan. Un1t was de- November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40813 signed to process 27,760 bpsd of Kuwait at­ Municipal League. The winner will be named created by considerations of economic ef­ mospheric tower bottoms (4% sulfur) to Nov. 15 during the league's convention at ficlency.1 In strictly economic terms, con­ produce a residual fuel of 1 % sulfur. The Atlanta. centration of industry in large population operation was designed for a 6-month operat­ centers is an advantage.2 But in terms of so­ ing cycle as desired by the refiner. Started cial costs (crime, pollution, slums, welfare up in January of 1970, the plant has oper­ PAPER ON A POPULATION expenditures, commuting time, and loss of ated successfully ever since. Operations, in­ DISTRIBUTION POLICY community), this concentration ls serious­ cluding startups and shutdowns, have been ly questioned. smooth and each cycle produced 1 % sulfur CAUSES OF POPULATION CONCENTRATION residual fuel for six months as designed, HON. BILL ALEXANDER Some young people go to the large cities in Gulf said. The fourth cycle has been started. search of adventure, entertainment, and op­ About 15 million bbl of 1 % sulfur fuel OF ARKANSAS portunity for economic advan<::ement. For the oil have been produced-with potential sul­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most part, however, the migrants have little fur pollutant to the atmosphere reduced by Wednesday, November 10, 1971 preparation for life in the large city. Most of 76,000 tons. the uprooted rural and town people inevi­ Two additional Gulf HDS, now in design Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, in re­ tably find their destination in the slums of and construction stages, will have a total cent years the Members of the Congress metropolitan areas. These displaced indi­ capacity of reducing the sulfur contents of viduals are indirectly forced into the migra­ 80,000 b/d of Kuwait residual to 1 %, the and many other national leaders have been expres.sing varying levels of con­ tion stream by economic forces beyond their company said. control. The distribution and concentration Recently Gulf has developed a modifica­ cern over demographic patterns within of population is largely due to the distribu­ tion of the process (HDS-Type III) by which the Nation. Numerous studies have been tion of jobs.3 Governmental policies toward Kuwait atmospheric tower residual (4% made on the crisis created within our agriculture, business, education, and high­ sulfur) can be reduced in sulfur content to major cities and metropolitan areas by ways give impetus to this concentration. 0.5%. increasing densities of population. A few SOCIAL COSTS OF FOPULATION COCENTRATION of these studies have also touched on the The concentration of jobs in large metro­ BELOIT, WIS.-CANDIDATE FOR THE tragic and continuing disappearance of politan areas causes the migrant families to ALL-AMERICAN CITY AWARD our smaller towns and communities. lose their most cherished associations and Some note has been taken of the ad­ sense of community identity. It is time to verse economic, social, and health effects consider the social and economic costs to the HON. LES ASPIN growing populations have on metropoli­ heavy concentration of our population in tan areas. There is now also some atten­ metropolitan areas. These social and eco­ OF WISCONSIN nomic costs are presented by Mr. James L. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion being given to the detrimental effect that diminished populations have on the Sundquist, a Senior Fellow in the Govern­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 mental Studies program at the Brookings future of community development and Institution: Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, it is my job opportunities in nonmetropolitan It seems rea.sonaibly clear that our largest pleasure to call to the attention of the areas. urban concentrations have grown well beyond Members of the House the following During the community development the point at which diseconomies of scale be­ article which appeared in the Milwaukee hearing which I recently held in Walnut gin to show. The costs of moving people and Journal on Monday, October 25, about Ridge, Ark., Dr. C. Clyde Jones, chairman things within large metropolitan areas a.re of the division of political science, so­ demonstrably greater than the costs of mov­ Beloit, Wis. Beloit is an excellent candi­ ing them in smaller population centers. Com­ date for the All-American City Award ciology and geography at the Arkansas muting distances are obviously longer, the and I am personally delighted that Be­ State University, presented excellent time loss greater, the costs higher. loit has been nominated. testimony which bears directly on this There are enormous costs as well as ap­ The article follows: problem. palling cruelties in the forced displacement WORKING TOGETHER PAYS ()FF l!N BELOrr I would like to share that information and migration of populations.... Some of the BELOIT, W1s.-The president of the Beloit with my colleagues today. migrants are too ill-prepared, too sick, or City Council, Everett C. Haskell, feels that Dr. Jones' testimony follows: too poor to adjust to city life successfully; many of them Wind up on welfare and they this city was nominated for the All-American PAPER ON A POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POLICY burden every kind of institution. 4. Cities Award because it is "a community that (Presented to Community Development Pro­ Many of these migrants move to the slums knows how to work together." posal Hearing, October 23, 1971, Walnut and require a higher per capita cost for Beloit recently was named as one of a Ridge, Ark., by Dr. C. Clyde Jones, chair­ dozen or so candidates for the national health, fire, and police protection. The per man of the Division of Political Science, capita. cost for unemployment and welfare is award. Sociology, and Geography, Arkansas State also higher. The highest crime rates in the "We have a tremendous amount of com­ University) munity functions and citizens take an ac­ country are in the slums. There a.re some un­ INTRODUCTION measured costs to this migration, such as tive part so the residents know what's going A population distribution policy should on in government." Haskell said. urban congestion, noise, loss of privacy and be adopted to encourage a more rapid growth freedom, reduction in security, pollution of He said citizen committees had helped rate for the country's less densely populated solve problems of labor relations, urban re­ the air and water, and destruction of Wildlife regions. The question whether the United and recreational opportunitles.6 newal, welfare, wage negotiations and race. States should have a population distribution "We get along very excellently with the Due to these considerations it is concluded policy is relevant. There are historical prece­ that our largest metropolitan areas are less minorities here because everyone takes part," dents for such a policy. In the first hundred he said. governable, less desirable places to live, and yea.rs of our history, the government pur­ economically less sound than smaller com­ This city of 35,000 on the Wisconsin-Illi­ sued a deliberate policy of dispersing people nois border is a heavy industrial town. munities. If this is true, It ls in the public westward. The government subsidized rail­ interest to encourage the dispersion of our It has a seven man city council and has roads ·and river navigation. It opened public had a city manager, a position now held by population. It is safe to assume that a ma­ lands for homestead and built roads. Once the jority of population migration is involuntary. Herbert Holt, for 40 years. Haskell said the frontier ended, governmental programs con­ city manager form of government was more A population distribution pattern could be tinue to encourage a ba.lan<::ed regional de­ designed to encourage people to remain where efficient and business like. velopment by such programs as electric power they desire to live. The city manager has a job to do; he's not projects and the depressed areas legislation politicking from the time he gets in, and it Most people move to the city because of of the 1960's. With the heavy concentration of economic pressures. Many go home eagerly works out better that way when it's just a votes in large metropolitan areas, Congress job and not an office," Haskell said. as soon as the economic opportunity arises. A has been reluctant to pass legislation to en­ Gallup poll in 1968 revealed that 56 percent Haskell also said that the City Council courage economic developments in middle­ regularly asked classes at Beloit College to of the American people prefer a rural life if slzed centers. This attitude needs to be they had a choice.8 A governmental policy do research for the city. changed. A few years ago when the city was in the should be adopted to permit people to live midst of wage negotiations wit h city em­ POPULATION CONCENTRATION and work where they desire whether it be in ployes, city omcials asked the school to col­ The present trend in population settlement the big city or smaller community. With a lect statistics on pay scales in other cities. 1n the United States ls toward a concentra­ large number of migrants to the big city, the "They got the statistics for us and it was tion in metropolitan areas and this needs to problems of our large cities are enormous and a valuable experience for them ...," he said, be slowed or reversed. Population concen­ becoming increasingly more severe with time. adding that citizen participation like that tration is the result of employer-established The solution to these problems seems to call was the key to clean government. job patterns in which the people have been The contest is sponsored by the National forced to follow. The job patterns have been Footnotes at end of article. CXVII--2567-Part 31 40814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971

for a reduction of the migration to our large providing improved recrea tional facilities A PROGRAM FOR ARKANSAS cities. and programs to occupy young people. This Although the state had a 7.7 percent pop­ A PROGRAM FOR NATIONAL POPULATION would likely reduce drug usage, juvenile de­ ulation increase in the 1960's, there was a linquency, and crime. If these young people net outmigration of 51,022 persons. A net DISPERSION can be satisfied, they are more likely to re­ A program should be adopted to create a outmigration of 433 ,000 persons occurred main in their nature area. 1 rural-urban balance. In order to create this from 1950-1960. u Of this a.mount, whit es ac­ balance towns and smaller cities must im­ Encourage women employment counted for 283,000. The state of Arkansas prove their offerings and amenities. This im­ The increasing number of working women experienced during the 1960's a reversal of provement should encourage an accelerated the white outmigrat ion of the 1950's, and indicates the need for day care and more fe­ a continuation of the non-white out migra­ rate of growth in smaller economic centers male oriented jobs. Tax incentives should be 1 of the less densely populated regions. tion pattern. 0 The rate of outmigration has granted to industries, employing high per­ steadily declined since 1950. There was a Jobs should be created where the people centage of women workers, to locate in less densely populated areas. The proportion of net in-Inigration of 43,036 whites in the live and want to remain. Tax incentives have 1960's. proven to be an effective method of stimulat­ women in the labor force will continue to The attached map of Arkansas reveals ing investment for economic growth. If tax increase, with married women accounting for that most of the outmigration occurred in incentives were available for specified types of most of the increase. The number of women the First Congressional District. A net out­ new industry for the desired spatial popula­ at work in 1980 will double the 1950 figure. migration of 79,457 from this district in t he tion distribution, the desired rural-urban "Working wives make significant contribu­ 1960's indicates the problem for t his area. balance could be achieved. tions to total family income. In each income Mississippi county had a net outmigrat ion SIZE OF CITIES TO ENCOURAGE GROWTH bracket women contribute about one-fourth or more of the family income."u This makes of 20,335 of which about sixty percent were The economies of scale cannot be totally it highly desirable to encourage an increasing white. ignored. There are advantages in larger towns number of jobs for women to keep the fam­ Feasibility of rural-urban balance i n t h e and cities. It is likely that the quality of serv­ ilies in less densely populated areas. south ice will be higher with lower prices in large Cities of the South with less dense popu­ towns and small cities than in small towns.7 Train more service workers In 1960, 58.3 percent of the population in the Employment will oorutinue to increase in lart;ion and smaller size ca.n meet t he t ests United States lived in rural areas or in cities white collar and service occupations. "White of economic efficiency and support a way of under 50,000. "At least since 1920, the class life with access to the open count ry. "This collar workers will outnumber blue-collar by balance of the urban and rural ways of life of cities with the largest single segment of more than fifty percent in 1980." 12 Schools has often been advocated but rarely the nation's urban population (and it is also must change their emphasis to meet this 17 the fast est growing segment) has been that achieved." need. "The largest number of employment The feasibility of the South developing of the 10,000 to 50,000 group." 8 This very well opportunities will continue to be in the sa-v­ may be the size of the community that peo­ the rural-urban balance is presented by ice producing industries." 1a Rupert Vance and Sara Smith as follows: ple desire most to live. If this is the case, Before World War II more workers pro­ It should not be forgotten that the pat­ serious consideration should be given for the duced goods than provided services. By 1980 government to encourage industry to locate terning of urban locat ion in the South t ook service producing industries will provide place under the domination of the cotton in cities of this size. Most people in Arkansas twice as many jobs as goods producing indus­ live in or within commuting distance of a economy. Whereas financial control cen­ tries. In order to meet thooe requirements, tered in several futures markets and in city of this size. If no city of this size exists the federal government should provide op­ within commuting distance, a smaller cit y points of export like New Orleans, the ac­ portunities to train or retrain potential tual buying, collecting, and storing of cot­ should be assisted by the federal government workers. Increasing emphasis should be to grow. ton was spread among many small commu­ placed on training white collar and service nities around railroad stations, cot ton gins, INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL workers. At the present time approximately and crossroads stores. This has resulted in Skills and knowledge are a form of capital. ninety-six percent of all expenditures for very few large cities and many towns Of even Expenditures on education and health to post-high school education is spent on col­ size rather than the sharply compet it ive take advantage of better job opportunities lege education. Many college professions are grading of population in an indust rialized are examples of this investment.e Investment already overcrowded. Strong consideration area. in human capita.I can be easily justified as it should be given to reducing this high pro­ Instead there has grown up a number of strengthens the national security of the portion. More efforts must be directed to well spaced, fairly evenly populated, Iniddle­ United States. The government discriminates vocational training with increasing emphasis slzed centers which should have consider­ against human capital as it permits depreci­ on testing and counseling students to enter able autonomy over their surrounding areas, ation allowances for worn out machines and areas for which they have proper aptitudes. the pattern set down by the old agricultural investment credit for new machines. The in­ The students should be trained in fields of economy.18 vestment in human capital, however, re­ potential employment. The South ls conducive to a policy of en­ ceives no such favored treatment. Tax credit Modernize local governmental structure couraging its population to remain in their' should be available to restrain workers for City and coUlllty governments need suffi­ native area. Our policy should be to keep new skills. It is good business to invest in cient power to carry out the desires of their what we have and improve it. These mid­ human capital to make taxpayers out of wel­ people without unnecessary restrictions im­ dle-sized population centers of 10,000 to 50,- fare recipients. posed by the State. Cities should be given 000 people should be encouraged to grow. Change in farm policy increased power over their own local a.ffalrs.u Most workers in Arkansas are within cGm­ Cities should be given increased powers to muting distance of a city of this size. The Our federal government has not come to larger cities do not need the farm Inigrants grips with the costs of off-farm Inigration. tax to meet the growing needs of govern­ merut. The structure of state and local gov­ in their slums. The small towns are not ca­ Our subsidy programs encourage the big pable of economic efficiency to cope with farmer to get bigger and the marginal farmer ernments should be reorganized to improve efficiency. increased numbers. Some degree of popula­ to go out of business. Soll bank subsidies tion concentration is an econoinic advan­ have reduced farm employment. This needs Improve transportation system tage. It is, therefore, my judgment that our to be reconsidered. Federal and state governments should take policy should be directed toward improving Encourage youth to remain at home the initiative in the improvement of our the amenities of these medium sized cen­ The largest labor force growth in 1960's was highway system. This ls essential to attract ters. This can be achieved by the adoption among the 16-24 age group. During the 1970's industry. It ls also necessary to improve the of some of the above proposals plus those the dramatic increase will be the 25-34 age commuting distances of workers. This will suggested by those to follow. The limitations bracket. The workers of this age bracket will encourage individuals in less populated re­ on floating industrial bonds should be re­ be far better educated than those of the same gions to remain in their native community. duced. to permit local governments to en­ group in the 1960's10 It will be an economic Conclusion on national population courage industry to locate in their area. distribution policy In order to meet the objective of rural­ advantage to the less densely populated areas urban balance, it Will require the support to keep these prime age workers. The fed- It is the Judgment of the author that a eral government should subsidize on the job of federal, state, county, and city govern­ national population distribution policy ments as well as the business community. training. should be established to encourage a more Presently, our cities are in serious trouble. There is a slowed growth in overall teenage rapid growth rate for the oountry's less The solution is to stop the influx of migrants labor force which will reduce unemployment. densely populated cities. The federal govern­ The youth labor force (ages 16-19) increased to the oity slums. The best way to achieve ment should take the leading role in this this is to make jobs available in the less by forty-three percent in the 1960'8 but will endeavor. The above discussed programs will densely populated areas as Arkansas so the be only eleven percent in the 1970'8. It ls es­ go a long way toward the establishment of a people may live where they want to live. It sential to devote more energy and effort to successful national population distribution is time for Congressmen from urban dis­ policy to permit people to live and work tricts to unite with Congressmen from the Footnotes at end of article. where they desire. less densely settled areas to sponsor and tm- Novernber 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40815

plement a program to achieve the objective 6 Sundequist, op. cit., p. 93. u Ibid., p. 10. of desired population dispersion. 7 Marion Clawson, "Factors and Forces 13 Ibid., p. 14. FOOTNOTES Affecting the Optimum Rural Settlement HArkansas Constitutional Revision Study Pattern in the United States," Resources For Commissicm, "Revising The Arkansas 1 James L. Sundquist, "Where Shall They Con- The Future, Inc., (Washington, D.C., Live," The Brookings Institution (Washing- 1966), stitution," (Little Rock, 1968), p. 9. p. 289. 16 Industrial Research and Extension Cen- ton, D.C., 1970), p. 90. 8 2P. Sargent Florence, The Metropolis in Daniel Elazar, "Are We a Nation of Cities," ter, "Arkansas Population Migration Esti- Modern Life, (Garden City: Doubleday and The Public Interest, (New York, 1966), p. 43. mates, 1960-1970," College of Business Ad- Company, Inc., 1955), pp. 91, 93. 9 Theodore W. Schultz, "Investment in Hu- ministration University of Arkansas (Little a Sunquist, op. cit. man Capital," The American Economic Re- Rock, 1971) • p. 1. 'Ibid., pp. 92, 93. view, Vol. LI (March, 1961), p. 1. 1 0 Ibid., p. 2. 5 The Report of the President's Task Force 10 Department of Labor, "United States 17 Rupert Vance and Sara Smith, The Urban on Economic Growth, "Policies For American Manpower in the 1970's," (U.S. Printing Of- South, (Chapel Hill: The University of North Economic Progress In the Seventies," (U.S. fice, 1970), pp. 2-3. Carolina Press, 1954), pp. 120, 122. Printing Office, May, 1970), p. 7. 11 Ibid., pp. 8-9. 1B Ibid., p. 120.

APPENDIX A COMPONENTS OF ARKANSAS POPULATION CHANGES, 1960--70, BY COUNTIES

Net Migration Net Migration 1970 1960 Natural 1970 1960 Natural ------County population population Births Deaths increase Number Percent' County population population Births Deaths increase Number Percent!

Arkansas ______23, 347 23, 355 5, 332 2, 429 2, 903 -2, 911 -12.5 Lafayette ______10, Cil8 11, 030 2, 120 White ______White ______1, 302 818 -1,830 -17.41 18, 009 17, 584 3, 450 1, 821 1, 629 -1, 204 -6.8 5, 655 6, 051 769 704 65 -461 -7.9 Negro and other ___ 5, 338 5, 771 1, 882 608 1, 274 -1, 707 -30.7 Negro and other ___ 4, 363 4, 979 1, 351 Lawrence ______598 753 -1, 369 -29.3 Ashley ______24, 976 24, 220 5, 702 2, 245 3, 457 -2, 701 -11.0 16, 320 17, 267 3, 100 1, 982 1, 118 -2, 065 -12.3 White_ -- ______--- 17, 373 15, 337 3, 224 1, 323 1, 901 135 0. 8 Lee ______-- _ 18, 884 21, 001 5, 120 2, OzO 3, 100 -5,217 -26.2 Negro and other ___ 7, 603 8, 883 2, 478 922 1, 556 -2, 836 -34.4 White ______7, 931 8, 167 1, 727 664 1, 063 -1, 299 -16.1 Baxter ______- 15, 319 9, 943 1, 669 1, 607 62 5, 314 42.1 Negro and other ___ 10, 953 12, 834 3, 393 1, 356 2, 037 -3,918 -32.9 Benton ______50, 476 36, 272 7, 580 5, 228 2, 352 11, 852 27. 3 Lincoln ______12, 913 14, 447 Boone ______White ______2, 858 1, 262. 1, 596 -3, 130 -22.9 19, 073 16, 116 3, 070 1, 931 1, 139 1, 818 10.3 7,466 7,430 1, 159 577 582 -546 -7.3 Bradley ______12, 778 14, 029 2, 532 1, 656 876 -2, 127 -15.9 Negro and other ___ 5,447 7,017 1, 699 685 1, 014 -2,584 -41.5 White ______8, 751 9, 109 1, 376 1, 136 240 -598 -6.7 Little River______11, 194 9,211 1, 995 1, 124 871 1, 112 10. 9 Negro and other ___ 4, 027 4, 920 1, 156 520 636 -1, 529 -34.2 White_ ------8, 115 6, 326 1, 186 793 393 1, 396 19. 3 Calhoun ______5, 573 5, 991 674 639 35 -453 -7.8 Negro and other ___ 3, 079 z, 885 809 331 478 Logan ______-z84 -9. 5 White ______3, 796 3, 882 309 429 -120 34 0. 9 16, 789 15, 957 2, 691 2, 111 580 252 l. 5 Negro and other ___ Lonoke ______1, 777 2, 109 365 210 155 -487 -25.1 White ______26, 249 24, 551 5, 367 2, 656 2, 711 -1,013 -4.0 Carroll______12, 301 11, 284 1, 834 1, 590 244 773 6.6 21, 356 18, 690 3, 551 2, 030 1, 521 1, 145 5. 7 Chicot______18, 164 18, 990 4, 479 2, 380 2, 099 -2, 925 -15.8 Negro and other_ __ 4, 893 5,861 1, 816 Madison ______626 1, 190 -2, 158 -40. l White------8, 311 8, 179 1, 343 833 510 -378 -4.6 9, 453 9, 068 1, 547 1, 070 477 -92 -1.0 Negro and other __ Marion ______9, 853 10, 811 3, 136 1, 547 1, 589 -2, 547 -24.7 Miller ______7, 000 6, 041 846 817 29 930 14. 3 Clark ______21, 537 20, 950 3, 506 2, 248 1, 258 -671 -3.2 33, 385 31, 686 6, 703 3,574 3, 129 -1, 430 -4.4 White ______16, 703 15, 528 2, 334 1, 620 714 461 2. 9 White _-- __ ------25, 661 23, 541 4,614 2, 524 2, 090 30 .1 Negro and other __ 4, 834 5, 422 1, 172 628 544 -1, 132 -22. l Negro and other ___ 7, 724 8, 145 2, 089 1, 050 1, 039 -1, 460 -18.4 18, 771 21, 258 3, 496 2, 396 1, 100 -3, 587 -17.9 Mississippi______62, 060 70, 174 18, 285 6, 064 12, 221 -20, 335 -30.8 g::hurrie======10,349 9, 059 1, 511 1, 096 415 875 9.0 White_------45, 329 49, 343 11, 820 3, 860 7, 960 -11, 974 -25.3 Cleveland ______1, 131 801 330 Negro and other___ 16, 731 20, 831 6, 605 6, 944 -669 -9.9 Monroe ______6,465 2,204 4, 261 -8, 361 -44.5 White ______5,270 5, 239 765 616 149 -118 -2.3 15, 657 17, 327 3, 815 1, 881 1, 934 -3,604 -21.9 Negro and other __ 1, 335 1, 705 366 185 181 -551 -36.3 White------8, 765 8, 888 1, 674 924 750 -873 -9.9 Columbia ______25, 952 26, 400 4, 898 2, 625 2, 273 -2, 721 -10.4 Negro and other___ 6, 892 8,439 2, 141 957 1, 184 -2, 731 -35.6 White ___ ------16, 798 16, 887 2, 414 1, 656 758 -847 -5.0 Montgomery ______5, 821 5, 370 787 637 150 301 5.4 Negro and other __ 9, 154 9, 513 2, 484 969 1, 515 -1, 874 -20.1 Nevada ______----_ 10, 111 10, 700 1, 704 1, 337 367 -956 -9.2 Conway ______16, 805 15, 430 3, 053 1, 741 1, 312 63 .4 White ------6, 788 6, 843 886 948 -62 7 .1 White------13, 871 12, 003 2, 190 1, 384 806 1, 062 8. 2 Negro and other ___ 3, 323 3, 857 818 389 429 -963 -26.8 Negro and other __ 2, 934 3, 427 863 357 506 -999 -31.4 Newton ____ ------5, 844 5, 963 946 565 381 -500 -8.5 Craighead ______52, 068 47, 303 9, 587 4, 320 5, 267 -502 -1.0 Ouachita ____ ------_ 30, 896 31, 641 5, 502 3, 270 2, 232 -2, 977 -9.5 Crawford ______25, 677 21, 318 4, 537 2, 470 2, 067 2, 292 9. 8 White ------19, 657 19, 450 2, 731 1, 997 734 -527 -2.7 Crittenden ___ -- __ -- _ 48, 106 47, 564 13, 654 4, 533 9, 121 -8, 579 -17.9 Negro and other_ __ 11, 239 12, 191 2, 771 1, 273 1, 498 -2, 450 -20.9 White ___ ------25, 254 19, 461 4, 746 1, 465 3, 281 2, 512 11. 2 Perry __ ------5, 634 4, 927 924 587 337 370 7. 0 Negro and other __ 22, 852 28, 103 8, 908 3, 068 5, 840 -11, 091 -43.5 Phillips ____ ------40, 046 43, 997 11, 552 4, 6!>7 6, 895 -10, 846 -25.8 Cross ______------19, 783 19, 551 4,496 1, 900 2, 596 -2,364 -12.0 White ------18, 247 18, 552 3, 913 1, 598 2, 315 -2, 620 -14.2 White ____ ------14, 243 13, 640 2, 814 1, 243 1, 571 -968 -6.9 Negro and other___ 21, 799 25, 445 7, 639 3, 059 4, 580 -8, 226 -34.6 Negro and other___ 5, 540 5, 911 1, 682 657 1, 025 -1, 396 -24.4 Pike ______8, 711 7, 864 1, 390 1, 086 304 543 6.6 Dallas ______10, 022 10, 522 1, 795 1, 367 Poinsett ______26, 822 30, 834 6,944 428 -928 -9.0 White ______2, 515 4, 429 -8, 441 -29.3 White ______6, 147 6, 332 811 885 -74 -111 -1.8 24, 465 27, 585 5, 821 2, 167 3,654 -6, 774 -26.0 Negro and other_ __ 3,875 4, 190 984 482 502 -817 -20.3 Negro and other __ 2, 357 3, 249 1, 123 348 775 -1, 667 -59. 5 Desha ______18, 761 20, 770 5, 120 2, 025 3, 095 -5, 104 -25.8 Polk ____ ------13, 297 11, 981 1, 955 1, 745 210 1, 106 8.8 White ______10, 557 10, 784 1, 973 905 1, 068 -1, 295 -12. l 28, 607 21, 177 4, 505 2, 378 2, 127 5, 303 21. 3 Negro and other ___ 8, 204 9, 986 3, 147 1, 120 2, 027 -3,809 -41.9 ~~~~ie======10, 249 10, 515 1, 848 1, 092 756 -1, 022 -9.8 Drew ______15, 157 15, 213 3, 011 1, 598 1,413 -1,469 -9.7 White ______8, 517 8, 571 1, 374 900 474 -528 -6.2 White ______10, 596 10, 052 1, 653 1, 057 596 -52 -0.5 Negro and other __ 1, 732 1, 944 474 192 282 -494 -26.9 Negro and other ___ 4, 561 5, 161 1, 358 541 817 -1, 417 -29. 2 Pulaski_------287, 189 242, 980 61, 018 24, 237 36, 781 7, 428 2. 8 Faulkner ______31, 572 24, 303 5, 076 2, 523 2, 553 4, 716 16.9 White ______227, 175 190, 777 44, 245 17, 466 26, 779 9, 619 4. 6 White _____ ------28, 546 21 , 699 4, 244 2, 248 1, 996 4, 851 19. 3 Negro and other __ 60, 014 52, 203 16, 773 6, 771 10, 002 -2, 191 -3.9 Negro and other ___ 3, 026 2, 604 832 275 557 -135 -4.8 Randolph ______-- --- 12, 645 12, 520 2, 196 1, 368 828 -703 -5.6 Franklin ______11, 301 10, 213 1, 938 1, 355 583 505 4. 7 St. Francis ______30, 799 33, 303 9, 263 3, 091 6, 172 -8, 676 -27. l Fulton _____ ------7,699 6, 657 1, 019 889 130 912 12. 7 White _____ ------16, 092 14, 324 3, 335 1, 323 2, 012 -244 -1.6 Garland ______54, 131 46, 697 8, 789 7, 724 1, 065 6, 369 12.6 Negro and other __ 14, 707 18, 979 5, 928 1, 768 4, 160 -8, 432 -50. l White ______48, 772 41, 691 7, 344 6, 852 492 6, 589 14.6 Saline_------36, 107 28, 956 5, 433 2, 419 3, 014 4, 137 12. 7 Negro and other ___ 5, 359 5, 006 1,445 872 573 -220 -4.3 Scott __ ------8, 207 7, 297 1, 270 823 447 463 6. 0 Grant_ ____ ------9, 711 8, 294 1, 353 868 485 932 10. 4 Searcy ______7, 731 8, 124 1, 262 969 293 -686 -8.7 Greene ______------25, 198 4, 157 2, 460 Sebastian _____ ------79, 237 66, 685 16, 300 7, 327 8, 973 3, 579 4.9 24, 765 1, 697 -2, 130 -8.5 Sevier______Hempstead ______19, 308 19, 661 3, 375 2, 593 782 -1, 135 -5.8 11, 272 10, 156 1, 842 1, 355 487 629 5.9 White ___ __ ------12, 862 12, 330 1, 780 1, 756 24 508 4. 0 Sharp ______8, 233 6, 319 965 859 106 1, 808 24.9 Negro and other_ __ 6,446 7, 331 1, 595 837 758 -1, 643 -23.9 Stone ______------6, 838 6, 294 937 632 305 239 3.6 Hot Spring ______21, 963 21 , 893 3, 606 2, 115 1, 491 -1, 421 -6.5 Union ______45, 428 49, 518 9, 346 5, 144 4, 202 -8, 292 -17.5 White ______19, 089 18, 693 2, 901 1, 808 1, 093 -697 -3.7 White ______31, 965 34, 447 5, 197 3, 504 1, 693 -4, 175 -12.6 Negro and other_ __ 2, 874 3, 200 705 307 398 -724 -23.8 13, 463 15, 071 4, 149 1, 640 2,509 -4, 117 -28.9 Howard _____ ------11, 412 10, 878 2, 059 1, 355 704 -170 -1. 5 Va~e~~~e~~~-~~-e~ === 8, 275 7, 228 1,098 896 202 845 10.9 White ______9, 016 8, 610 1, 401 1, 093 308 98 1.1 Washington ______-- - 77, 370 55, 797 13, 089 5, 741 7, 348 14, 225 21.4 Negro and other_ __ 2,396 2, 268 658 262 396 -268 -11.5 White ______39, 253 32, 745 6, 420 3, 889 2, 531 3, 977 11. 1 Independence ______- 22, 723 20, 048 3, 497 2, 439 1, 058 1, 617 7. 6 Woodruff ______11, 566 13, 954 2, 922 1, 483 1, 439 -3, 827 -30.0 Izard ______----- 7, 381 6, 766 887 798 89 526 7. 4 White ______7, 491 8, 202 1, 460 890 570 -1,281 -16.3 Jackson ______20, 452 22, 843 4, 439 2, 304 2, 135 -4, 526 Negro and other ___ 4, 075 5, 752 1, 462 593 869 -2, 546 -51.8 -20.9 Yell______White ______17,392 19, 373 3, 498 1, 822 1, 676 -3, 657 -19.9 14, 208 11, 940 2, 230 1, 489 741 1, 527 11. 7 Negro and other ___ 3, 060 3, 470 941 482 459 -869 -26.6 Jefferson ______85, 329 81, 373 18, 745 8,306 10,439 -6, 483 -7.8 Arkansas State ______1, 923, 295 1, 786, 272 381, 693 193, 648 188 045 -51, 022 -2.8 White ______50, 198 45, 915 9, 501 4, 108 5, 393 -1, 110 -2.3 White 1, 561, 108 1, 395, 703 271, 526 149, 157 122, 369 43, 036 2. 9 Negro and other ___ 35, 131 35, 458 9,244 4, 198 5, 046 -5, 373 -15. 2 Negro and other___ 362, 187 390, 569 110, 167 44, 491 65, 676 -94, 058 -25.0 Johnson __ ------_ 13, 630 12, 421 2, 010 1, 656 354 855 6.6

1 Percent migration based on midperiod population. Source: Derived from U.S. censuses, 1960 and 1970, and annual vital statistics reports. 40816 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1.971

APPENDIX B 32740-32741; Ootober l, pages 34505- benefit of any evidence or hearings, members Not reproduced. 34506; October 6, pages 35409-35410; were presented for the first time with a series of riders which bore little or no relationship APPENDIX C October 13, 36133-36135; October 21, pages 37358-37361; October 28, pages to the revenue-raising provisions of the orig­ Observation and Recommendations for inal bill, and which had never been consid­ 38121-38123; and November 3, pages ered during the hearings": Local Government in Arkansas 39156-39158. The Arkansas Constitutional Revision 1. There is a provision to force rezoning of study Commission in its Report to the Gov­ the property once used by Providence Hos­ ernor and to the Sixty-Sixth General As­ pital, between D and E Streets SE., from 2d sembly of the State of Arkansas made the FINANCING THE DISTRICT OF CO­ to 3d Streets, for development of a high­ following recommendations and observations rise complex to include apartments, stores LUMBIA-TWO VIEWS ON THE and a 1,500-car garage. The complex would be pertaining to local government: REVENUE BILL City and county governments should have within an area zoned for low-density, low­ sufficient power to carry out the wishes of rise construction, and would either face or be the people whom they govern without un­ HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY within one block of four elementary schools. necessary restrictions imposed by the State. Understandably, residents of this Capitol OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Hill area oppose tWs change, but more im­ on the basis of this goal, The Local Go~ern~ ment committee brought up these pomts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portantly, th~y object to the devious way in which it is being presented. (a) The structure of county government in Wednesday, November 10, 1971 Arkansas is tailored to the needs of an agrar­ As the dissenting committee members put ian age and offers no flexibility to fit the Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, the it, this provision "verges on being a private great variations between population sizes and House began consideration of H.R. 11341, bill for the relief of a group of real estate economic conditions in counties of Arkansas investors," wWch, whether one agrees with the District of Columbia Revenue Act. In the purpose or not, does not "belong in a today. d today's Washington Post there is an ex­ (b) Duties of some of the numerous electe revenue bill, for the same reasons that the officials at the county level, such as the cellent editorial and a splendid letter to Rules of the House proWbit the inclusion of county coroner and the county surveyor, are the editor clearly setting forth the issues legislative provisions in an appropriations technical in nature, which suggests that they that the House faces in considering the bill." Besides, there haven't even been any should be appointed rather than elected. bill. I want to share with my colleagues hearings held on this special-interest legis­ (c) The county judge exercises legislative, both of these items which are set out lation. executive, and judicial power in one office, below: 2. There is a provision requiring the mayor wWch is contrary to the concept of separa­ to withhold shelter allotments from welfare THE HOUSE MONEY BILL FOR WASHINGTON recipients when a l•andlord charges thaJt; the tion of pow~rs. (d) The quorum court has little effective­ At some point today or Thursday-when­ recipients' rents have not been paid; the ness as a legislative body and is too large to ever the more worldly legislative matters of mayor would have to make a finding as to operate efficiently even if it had the power the week have been disposed of by the House whether there is legal basis for the failure to pay rent, and then figure how much the to do so. of Representatives--a little floor time is to be (e) The five-mlll limits on general operat­ set aside for the congressionally tedious busi­ landlord should receive. Quite aside from the ing revenues of cities and counties are un­ ness of dealing with matters vital to the Dis­ constitutional question of whether this realistic ceilings established in an era when trict of Columbia. While it's unfortunate that amounts to denying welfare recipients equal most services now taken for granted-such as our busy lawmakers have to knuckle down protection Of the laws, it is a colossal admin­ paved streets and full-time fire protection­ to these local chores every once in a while istrative burden to heap on the mayor when (and Washingtonians have thought it unfor­ there already are judicial remedies available. were nonexistent. 3. There is a provision that would relieve (f) Cities often find themselves governed tunate for decades now), consideration of the fiscal 1972 revenue bill for this city will re­ area. retailers and truckers from a D.C. more by the state legislature and state law Minimum Wage Act requirement that cer­ than by their own citizens and governing quire serious attention. For one thing, this ls the annual legisla­ tain drivers, helpers, loaders and mechanics bodies. tion that is supposed to provide the means be paid overtime. This is a complicated ques­ (g) The five-mill tax limit on counties and by which the District can meet its fiscal tion that ought to be considered, like the cities for general operations is inadequate needs; to put it another way, it is the colony's other two provisions, on its own merits, after for the maintenance of local government, re­ allowance from the congressional overseers­ thorough hearings. sulting in dependence on the legislature for for a fiscal year that began last July 1. Sec­ The real question before the House, then, turnback funds. ondly, the bill coming before the House­ is not how many obnoxious local ordinances (h) The constitutional limitation of $5,000 contrary to what some senior members of can be lumped into one big bill, but whether on salaries for elected city and county of­ the House District Committee would have a pertinent, minimum fiscal authorization ficials tends to discourage capable office their colleagues believe-is austere financial­ can be passed that will permit this city to seekers. It was outdated by inflation decades ly, but replete with irrelevant legislative pro­ provide essential-and necessarily expen­ ago. visions that have not been properly con­ sive--municipal services. (i) The Commission recommends a pro­ sidered in the House, have not been the sub­ vision giving cities increased power over ject of hearings and, in our view, ought to FINANCING D.C. their own local affairs, encouraging the ex­ be stricken from H.R. 11341. Finally, the bill On Nov. 3 The Post printed an article en­ ercise of local initiative, and permitting gen­ is accompanied by an atrocious committee eral legislative control of all municipalities, titled "Hill Uni.t Calls City Officials 'Extrava­ report loaded with paternalistic assumptions ~nt' ", concerning a report prepared at the or those of a class, only on matters as to about the people who live and work in Wash­ which uniformity throughout the State is direction of House D.C. Committee Chair­ ington but devoid of any judicious conclu­ man McMillan. I was appalled at the desirable. sions by which other members of the House (j) Cities and counties cannot incur short- evidence of rank antagonism toward D.C. might be guided. . citizens exhibited by quoted portions. I was ~ term debt consistent with sound business Basically, the bill calls for an increase of principles. This sometimes leads to long de­ relieved that of the 26 members on the com­ $44 million in the annual federal payment to mittee, 10 dissented from the report's conclu­ lays in obtaining needed improvements and the District, which along with other revenue­ services, or makes them more costly in the sion. raising provisions, falls $16 million shy of The report would have one believe that long run. what the city government says it needs to (k) Many local government provisions in D.C. is floating on the financial good graces balance its current requests. It is by no means of the nation's taxpayers. We taxpayers in the Constitution, particularly those pertain­ a generous authorization, nor is there any ing to taxation and indebtedness, are long, the District are among those Americans; we guarantee that all of it will be appropriated, pay the same stiff federal taxes and a full hard to understand, filled with statutory de­ since spending is handled through another tail, and apply only to narrow special inter­ range of local taxes. According to the latest bill. But thanks to efforts by Rep. Ancher figures available, local revenues raised in D.C. ests. Nelsen of Minnesota, ranking Republican on were higher per ca.pita, by a. wide margin, (1) Local government provisions in the the District Committee, the $44-million in- constitution tend to discourage assumption than corresponding receipts raised in the crease is a. considera1ble improvement over the metropolitan jurisdictions except Falls of local responsibilities in such a way that committee's original agreement on only $20 Church. The federal pa.yment--ma.de only to effective democratic government is difficult million. In effect, it ls a. minimum; if it can­ to achieve a.t the city and county level. the General Fund-was 17 per cent in FY not be raised, it certainly should not be cut 1970. This is supposed to be adequate com­ Mr. Speaker, this is the eighth inser­ by the House. pensation for the extensive service require­ tion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of tes­ But then there are the provisions that do ments of the federal establishment and for timony and other materials which I have not belong in the bill, as nine committee the fact that about 51 per cent of the Dis­ members have pointed out in a minority view trict's land area is, by federal law, exempt gathered during my search for ways to filed with the report. Noting that the bill from D.C. taxation. Washington competes assist community development in areas began as a revenue-raising measure, these for other federal monies, e.g., matching of low population. Other materials on members wrote that the legislation "looked grants, like any other eligible jurisdiction. this subject appear in the CONGRES­ more like a Christmas tree when it was re­ Has the committee forgotten that D.C. can­ SIONAL RECORDS of September 22, pages ported. In the markup session, without the not annex territory to increase its tax base, ovember 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40817 that the locally set real estate tax cannot be for Freedom, thus qualifies as the expression in its service an organization whose char­ used without limit? of a veteran lawmaker whose personal or acteristics do not change, whose qualities The committee report complains t.hat, if political motives cannot be challenged. His are steadfast and constant-the courage, D.C. "wants" to crowd in 700,000 people, it is devastating aittack on what he terms the obliged to provide employment, not the fed­ "madness" of compulsory busing ls clear and resolution, readiness, and faithful per­ eral establishment. What primarily attracts convincing. f qrmance of duty of the U.S. Marines. people to Washington is the presence of the Simply on its merits, apart from the law, One hundred and ninety-six years ago federal establishment--its need for employ­ mass busing strikes the West Virginian as a today the U.S. Marine Corps was formed. ees and the needs of groups all over the na­ "senseless" waste of money. He deplores its And the purpose of the corps in 1775 was tion to do business with it. Think what effect upon the cities: "When children are the same as it is today: To seek and would happen if D.C. tried to, let alone could, going to be hauled willy-nllly away from their maintain peace for the people of our develop high employment potential by means homes and neighborhoods, it lessens the normal to other communities, e.g., attracting chances for improvement of the inner-city country. For nearly two centuries we heavy industry or building huge complexes schools which are most in need of improve­ have had a corps of marines with small to encourage relocation of a large insurance ment." numbers and high standards. They have company's main office. As we all know, con­ Far from enhancing "quality education," been, and are, a few good men-and gressmen are quite sensitive to proposals to in Byrd's view, busing tends to destroy edu­ women-who are proud of their corps raise the city's building height limit, change oation--especlally for the black children and of America. On this 10th of Novem­ its basically residential character. whose needs are para.mount. He sees only ber, the Congress and the country extend To top it off, the D.C. public school system "increasing mediQcrlty in education" as a greetings and gratitude to all marines, ls attacked for "budgetary chaos." Hand in consequence of the "nonsensical obsession hand with such thought must go the recogni­ these days with racial quotas." Byrd flatly in uniform and out, who have put their tion that Congress controls that budget--th& denies the contention that forced integra­ country before themselves. entire city budget--but it has yet to pass tion will teach children of different races to this fiscal year's appropriations even though live in harmony together. "Polarization of the year ts a.bout half over. the races 1s iDJtenslfied when neighborhood BARBARA H. THOMAS. and school identities are destroyed." OPPOSING CONFISCATION OF WASffiNGTON. Byrd ls a lawyer. He has steadfastly sup­ HANDGUNS ported the Supreme Court's landmark deci­ sion of 1954, holding that children cannot lawfully be assigned to schools by reason of HON. JOHN D. DINGELL FORCED SCHOOL BUSING: A their race. He continues to defend that prop­ OF MICmGAN DRASTIC ERROR osition. But he looks at the court's recent line of decisions, upholding the busing of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES children by reason of their race, and he sees Wednesday, November 10, 1971 HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL a perversion of the 14th Amendment. "What Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the board OF vmGINIA a distorted, twisted interpretation of the of directors of the Michigan United Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES equal protection clause!" In Byrd's view, "the equal protection clause servation Clubs representing over 130,- Wednesday, November 10, 1971 forbids segregation but it does not command 000 sportsmen, hunters and conserva­ integration." That distinction seems to him tionists in the State of Michigan at its Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. fundamental. He agrees with the court--the Speaker, in the Washington Star of Sep­ meeting in Harbor Springs, Mich., on court of 1954-that a state vlola.ites the Con­ October 16-17 adopted a strong resolu­ tember 23, 1971, the eminent columnist, stitution when it undertakes to treat children James J. Kilpatrick, comments upcn the differently because of the color of their skin. tion opposing confiscation of handguns "drastic error" committed by the Su­ He ls thus baffied by the court's 180-degree and reiterating that fine organization's preme Court in its latest decisions en­ turn: Now the states are told they must treat support of the constitutional right of dorsing forced schoolbusing. Concerning children differently because of the color of American citizens to keep and bear arms this Mr. Kilpatrick quotes from a major their skin. This ls lunacy, says Byrd; and for legitimate sporting and defense pur­ many will agree. poses. address by Senator RoBERT C. BYRD, who What is to be done? "Voices must be raised was "reared in the Yankee hills of West MUCC is the official affiliate of the Na­ throughout the country which will move this tional Wildlife Federation and the prin­ Virgina and "won his post as assistant nation's highest tribunal to the realization majority leader with liberal suppcrt." that its position . . . is going to impair pub­ cipal sportsman-conservationist orga­ In his address Senator BYRD made lic support of the public school system and nization in the State of Michigan. I be­ some very astute and perceptive observa­ will continue to produce chaos in the public lieve this resolution of Michigan's citi­ tions concerning forced schoolbusing. schools." But Byrd acknowledges that the zens, sportsmen and conservationists de­ For example, he pointed out that busing court has been unanimous in its racial serves a place in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ opinions. Mere protest, however widespread ORD and I include its text at this point: lessens the chances for improvement of and eloquent, may accomplish little. the inner city schools, and that the re­ One ta.kes a long breath. Constitutional RESOLUTION cent Supreme Court decisions upholding amendment 1s like matrimony, not to be Whereas, some elected and appointed pub­ forced busing represent a "distorted, entered into lightly. Yet amendment may lic officials have expressed their opposition to twisted interpretation of the equal pro­ now offer the only effective recourse. Since - the private ownership of not only hand guns tection clause." his speech in Houston, the assistant ma­ but also long guns such as are commonly jorlty leader has endorsed a resolution spon­ used for hunting; and Mr. Speaker, I insert at this Point in sored by Sen. William E. Brock, R-Tenn., and Whereas, hundreds of thousands of Michi­ the RECORD the text of Mr. Kilpatrick's eight others. It would write this into the gan citizens enjoy hunting and target shoot­ brief but illuminating article: Constiitutlon: ing; and A DRASTIC RESPONSE TO A DRASTIC ERROR "No public school student shall, because Whereas, the Constitution of the United (By James K. Kilpatrick) of his race, creed or color, be assigned to or States guarantees the right of its citizens to required to attend a particular school." keep and bear arms; and It has been an exercise in futility, these That ls Senate Joint Resolution 112. It Whereas, taking guns away from law-abid­ past 17 years, for a Sollltherner to raise his demands prayerful thought. As the "mad­ ing citizens would have little effect on the voice against any requirement having to do ness" spreads beyond the South, to Califor­ possession of guns by crlmlnals; and with the desegregation of public schools. He nia, to Michigan, to Indiana, perhaps the Whereas, crimes of violence would be com­ ls licked before he starts. It ls as if John Judiciary Committee will hold hearings on mitted by other means if guns were not avail- Roche of General Motors were to expound the resolution's drastic response to drastic able; and - an objective view of Ralph Nader. error. Whereas, effective guns can be crudely Sen. Robert C. Byrd, though he was born made from commonly available components in North Carolina, suffers from no such b1ll or well made in a home workshop; and of attainder. He was reared in the Yankee THE U.S. MARINE CORPS: 196 YEARS Whereas, people, not guns, commit crimes: hills of West Virglnla. He has devoted his life OF SERVICE TO OUR COUNTRY Therefore be it resolved that no laws be to public service in that distinctly non­ enacted that would dispossess law-abiding SOuthern staite. Byrd holds a rating of 65 citizens of their guns; and from the ~O Committee on Political HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Be it further resolved that penalties for Education, which puts him in a class with OF CALI:FORNXA law violations involving the use or threat such moderates as Mathias of Maryland and of the use of a gun be increased; and Case of New Jersey. He won his post as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Be it furliher resolved that MUCC hereby ass!St'ant majority leader with liberal sup­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 express their opposition to any governmental port. action that would restrict the right of law­ Byrd's speech of Sept. 3 in Houston, before Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, in an a.biding citizens to own, keep and bear arms the national convention of Young Americans ever-changing world, this Nation has had for the purpose of hunting, target shooting 40818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 or the defense of them.selves, their families National Legion of Merit. It was be­ relies on them for cost-of-living pay hike or their homes. stowed upon her by M. Jaques Chabon­ and for other purposes. Delmas, the Prime Minister of France, The AFL-CIO's George Meany has raise serious questions about the administration' whum Miss Pons personally selected, be­ attempts to "politicize" the bureau, and they NOVEMBER 20 TO BE LILY PONS cause of his closeness to the late Presi­ merit a serious reply. In a letter to Labor DAY dent de Gaulle. Sec. J. D. Hodgson, Meany expressed proper This is the highest national award concern over the plan to drop the Bureau's that has ever. been bestowed upon a special reports on unemployment in the na­ HON. VICTOR V. VEYSEY woman The a ward consists of two tion's poorest neighborhoods starting next OF CALIFORNIA phases, the placing of the medal about year. That is a presidential election year, and the publication of such statistics, which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the neck of the recipient, and the award­ ing of the scroll, which is the official generally show an unemployment rate much Wednesday, November 10, 1971 higher than the national average, would not recording of the award. The scroll will put Mr. Nixon in the best possible light. Mr. VEYSEY. Mr. Speaker, on Novem­ be bestowed upcn Miss Pons at the Gala Pa.rtticmla.rly disturbing about the tamper­ ber 20, the Palm Springs Opera Co. will Grand Opera Ball in Palm Springs on ing with the BLS is that it has been for so pay tribute to the world's foremost col­ November 20, 1971. long aibove politics. If the BLS can be en­ orature soprano, Miss Lily Pons, with a It seems fitting that the United States listed for partlisan adva.nrt;age as administra­ gala Grand Opera Ball in the Riviera should recognize the great honor that has tion aides have tT'l.ed to do ever Sil.nee last March, not only will the bureau lose its Hotel. been bestowed on Miss Pons by the cred:ibillty but other govel'IIlm.ent agencies Simultaneously the mayors of Dallas, country of her birth, and that the coun­ hithe:rOO thought to be above poMrtkls will Tex., and Palm Springs, Calif., will de­ try of her citizenship should in like likewise fia.11 under public suspiolon. clare the day "Lily Pons Day." manner pay tribute to the greatest liv­ Phonying up employment figures, a.pa.rt The festivities in the Riviera Hotel will ing coloratura soprano, the first lady from being dishonest, is pointless. Though be climaxed by the presentation to her of the opera world. Further, it is ap­ worrisomely large pockets of unemployment by French dignitaries of the scroll ap­ propriate that such a tribute should be exist in many sections of the counstry----ruid Pointing her commander in the National paid in the city of her winter residence, being jobless is tragic business to those caugih't in that predicamen~e pl.cliure is Legion of Merit, completing the rare Palm Springs. not as bleak as some of the administration's honor conferred upcn her earlier this I take this opportunity to call my col­ detTa.otors contend. The fact is that despite year by order of the President of France. leagues' attention to this important the large number of people without jobs, Miss Pons was bom in Cannes, France. event and add my own personal word of there are proportiona.tely more Sit work than At the age of 13, she entered the Paris tribute to the many fine moments of ever before. Conservatory as a piano student, but pleasure Miss Pons' gifted talents and Figures compiled by the Wall Street Jour­ her plans for a virtuoso career as a pi­ discipline have given opera lovers around nal retiect a big job girowth f1Wtx>r since 1950, anist were changed after a serious ill­ the world. lasting stralghrt; through the 1969-70 reces­ sion. The number of men working has shot ness. She turned to singing, under the di­ up by 16 per oent, while the number of jobs rection of the famous vocal teacher, Al­ held by women and teen-agers has increased berti di Gorostiaga, and developed her WAGE-PRICE CONTROLS an Incredible 71 per oent and 65 per cent re­ singing voice to the point that she was spectively. Since 1965, the number of jobs able to make her operatic debut in the has risen by 12 per cenrt---tw1ce the popula­ Mulhouse Opera in Alsace in 1928. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI tton growth rate in the same period. There has thus been none of the severe job con­ She made her historical debut at the OF ILLINOIS traction thait took pl&ce in the Great Depres­ Metropclitan Opera on January 3, 1931, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion, when the number of jobs shrank 23 per in "Lucia di Lammermoor." Overnight Wednesday, November 10, 1971 cenrt between 1928 aind 1932. she was a national sensation, and the Figures like t'hose cited by the Journal Metropolitan revived several operas for Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as one oould go a long way toward restoring public her. Among them were "Daughter of the of the members who voted against the confidence in the eoonomy and pemuading Regiment," "Linda di Chamounix," standby authority in imposing wage and people to start spending some of their rooord "Mignon," "La Sonnambula." Probably price controls, which the Democrats in­ saivings. The a.dm1ndstira.tion would be better is sisted on giving President Nixon some­ ad.vised to recite such faot.s than try to con­ she most famous for her role in the vert BLS into a propaganda arm of govern­ opera "Lakme," for she was the first time ago, I ta!:e the position that the per­ ment. singer in half a century to render the manent maintenance of economic con­ high F in the "Bell Song" that Delibes trolS would be harmful to our economy originally indicated. and contrary to the free enterprise prin­ THE FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRA­ Her brilliant coloratura mnge-2 % ciples that have been our country's great TION IN TENNESSEE octaves-led Maestro Gatti-Cassaza, the economic asset. Metropolitan Opera manager, to remark I believe that figures demonstrate the that Miss Pons had the only true colora­ success of the President's program and HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN tura voice he had ever heard or hoped that the phaseout of controls can be to hear. properly implemented. OF TENNESSEE During World War II, Miss Pons was A point very effectively made by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES active in entertaining American and Chicago Daily News in its Friday, Octo­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 French soldiers. When France was lib­ ber 29, edition is that the Bureau of Labor Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, the erated Miss Pons stood beside General Statistics does in fact give us good rea­ Farmers Home Administration of the de Gaulle in the Place de 1 Opea and son to have confidence in the future of U.S. Department of Agriculture is help­ led the singing of "La Marseillaise." In our country and its economic stability ing people make significant contributions appreciation of her wartime activities De and strength. The point made in this edi­ to rural development, through its re­ Gaulle decorated Miss Pons with the torial is, in my judgment, extremely per­ newed efforts of placing much-needed re­ Legion of Honor medal. Miss Pons had tinent. sources at their disposal. become an American citizen in 1940. The editorial follows: The assistance provided by this agency In 1963, President de Gaulle created a No NEED To JUGGLE FIGURES is exemplified in a small rural commu­ new order in France, the National Legion The pressure on the Bureau of Labor Sta­ nity in my congressional district known of Merit, to reward distinguished services tistics to make its employment and Uving­ as Pigeon Forge. Pigeon Forge is located rendered in public, civil, private, or mili­ cost figures enhance the Nixon administra­ in Sevier County, Tenn., near the en­ tary lifc. The order includes the same tion's image is disquieting on many counts. trance to the Smoky Mountain National ranks and dignities as the Legion of The BLS over the years has earned high marks Park. Through the years this had been Honor. The President of the Republic for serving Republican and Democratic ad­ primarily an agricultural community is the Chief of the order and the Chan­ ministrations with the sam.e professional in­ tegrity and nonpartisan objectivity. Its sta­ consisting of small hillside farms. How­ cellor ls the guardian. tistics have been key factors in shaping gov­ ever, the local citizens realized there was On July 19, 1971, Miss Pons was ernment economic policy. They also play an a potential for attracting tourists to the a warded the rank of commander in the important role in the private sector, which area and began to plan accordingly. The November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40819 town was incorporated, enabling it to State Director Paul Koger and express to continue our program of wage and price take over and operate an existing water them my gratitude for the great work restraint. facility district assuring an adequate they are doing in Tennessee and particu­ Though he still made passing mention water supply. Rapid growth followed with larly the first congressional district. of an intention not to make the controls motels and restaurants springing up at permanent. But by October 28, when a rapid rate. Under Secretary of the Treasury Charls But rapid growth sometimes brings on Walker briefed Members of Congress on problems as well, which was the case PRICE AND WAGE CONTROLS: the full phase II program of price and with Pigeon Forge. Sewage disposal be­ DIVIDE AND CONQUER wage controls, most of the pretense was came vital. The Tennessee Health De­ dropped. partment was contemplating closing HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ Mr. Walker could not foresee when or many of the tourist establishments be­ OF CALIFORNIA how the controls would end, and ex­ cause of the health hazard created by plained that the freeze would in fact con­ the surfacing of raw sewage. This prob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinue after November 13, with only such lem had to be solved if Pigeon Forge was Wednesday, November 10, 1971 exceptions as the new Pay Board and to continue to grow and prosper. So the Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, Prof. Price Commission would in their own town turned to the Farmers Home Ad­ Milton Friedman, professor of economics, good time allow. It is hard to see how this ministration for help. With a $544,660 University of Chicago said: can be called anything other than a loan and $90,555 grant from this agency, Most discussion of the wage-price freeze direct breach of the President's promise plus grants totaling $104,048 from the and the coming Phase II controls has been September 9 that the freeze would not Appalachian Regional Commission and strictly economic and operational: were they be extended beyond 90 days. the Federal Water Pollution Control needed, will they work, how will they Economic columnist Sylvia Porter has Agency, a sanitary sewage system was operate? ... There has been essentially no stated what is almost certainly the truth: constructed. discussion of a much more fundamental We entered a new economic era in the This basic FHA service has contributed issue. The controls are deeply and inherently United States on August 15 ... Not in the immoral ... Is it morally wrong for Chile to foreseeable future will our economy be as significantly to creating job opportuni­ expropriate the property of Anaconda ties, as exemplified by the establishment free as it was in the weeks leading up to that Copper-Le., to furce it to sell its copper fa·teful Sunday evening. of 29 new businesses, since the sewage mines for a price less than its value; but system was built. These include eight morally right for the U.S. Government to Lasting government price and wage motels, three craft shops, two branch force the worker to sell his labor for less than controls have never worked in the whole banks, three apartment houses, two its value to him and to his employer? history of the world, and can only be beauty parlors, two radio and TV shops, Professor Friedman, one of the aca­ made to seem to work in a fully totalitar­ and a warehouse. Present plans call for demic world's last defenders of the free ian state. The reason is simple, but needs an icehouse, another restaurant, and a market against the Keynesian pre­ to be repeated over and over again: The 200-unit motel. These businesses repre­ scription for a Government-controlled primary cause of inflation is government sent an increase of almost 50 percent in economy which President Nixon has now itself, through deficit spending and de­ the number of commercial establish­ embraced, has penetrated to the heart basing the currency. Price and wage in­ ments in the town and provide many new of the issue in the administration's price creases are the result, not the cause, of jabs for the local residents, making it and wage controls program. Yet. how inflation. unnecessary for them to migrate to dis­ many readers even of this newsletter President Lyndon Johnson's budget, tant cities in search of opportunity. In would still in defiance of all fairness for his last year in office, was $185 bil­ addition, 60 new homes have been con­ and logic, answer the second part of his lion. President Nixon's budget this year structed in Pigeon Forge during the 2- question with an angry "yes'? is $230 billion. For next year it will be at year period the sewage system has been Middle-class America has been en­ least $250 billion, possibly as high as $275 in operation. couraged to blame inflation on the labor billion, and the Treasury Department Mr. Speaker, all this represents a unions and therefore to welcome even admits there will be at least a $27 billion much-increased tax base, which permits the most drastic Federal controls to limit deficit--assuring that inflation will con­ continued development, while, at the pay increases. But at the very same time tinue, controls or no controls. Yet the same time, maintains a good financial the workingman has been encouraged to American people, divided against them­ condition for the town. This development blame inflation on "big business" and its selves, are being taught to blame everyone exemplifies rural development resulting greed for profits, and therefore to wel­ for this but the real culprit. from local people assuming the role of come even the most drastic Federal con­ If we do not value our free market we leadership and becoming determined to trols on prices and rents. Consequently, will lose it forever. The only alternative is improve their surroundings. In such for opposite reasons, both business and full-scale socialism. cases, the FHA is always standing by to labor-and most Americans--have been help as it helped at Pigeon Forge. persuaded that price and wage controls However, FHA services are not confined are desirable. As Professor Friedman to sewage systems for rural communities. points out, opposition to them on prin­ WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS ON It provides assistance in other areas as ciple is, so far, scarcely to be found. By FREE MARKET DISCIPLINES? well. During fiscal year 1971, 30 families setting class against class in America, the in my congressional district, of which a Government economic planners--at least number are still in their twenties, re­ for the time being-appear to have con­ HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT ceived FHA loans in the amount of $468,- quered. OF CALIFORNIA 000 to purchase farms; 364 rural families Let there be no mistake about it: These IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES received housing loans in the amount of controls are for all intents and practical Wednesday, November 10, 1971 $4.2 million, enabling them to become purposes permanent. On September 9 homeowners; eight loans amounting to President Nixon told Congress that-- Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, many $1.6 million and seven grants amounting The freeze will not be extended beyond 90 people ask what is a constructive and to $174,000 were made to rural communi­ days. positive alternative to the use of wage ·ties for constructing central water sys­ and price controls by the Federal Gov­ tems. and that-- ernment? In my opinion, and that of Mr. Speaker, I think this provides an Nothing could be more detrimental to the many constructive economists, it is to insight to the contributions the Farmers new prosperity in the long run than .to put allow the discipline of the free market Home Administration is making toward this Nation's great, strong free enterprise place and, more important, permits the system in a permanent straitjacket of gov­ consumer make the final determina­ helping those who desire to help them- ernment controls. to selves. It is putting the resources at the tion on the basis of the daily free vote disposal of rural people when and where On October 7. ~peaking to the Nation, of what the consumer intends to either they are needed to help move rural he said: purchase or not purchase. Leonard E. America forward. I commend FHA Ad­ I am announcing tonight that when the Read, in his book "Let Freedom Reign," ministrator James V. Smith and the FHA 90-day freeze is over on November 13, we shall chapter 8 entitled ''Free Market Disci- 40820 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 pline," very thoughtfully explores this for Bibles 1s accommodated in noncoerced dreamers. "If only I had a mlllion dollars," whole area of the usefulness of the free exchange, we can conclude, quite accurately, is a dream thait flashes across oountless that we are witnessing a market for Bibles. minds. Many of these specialists want market system and what it means. I rec­ Or, when the desire for pornography is being above all else to pursue their own peculiar ommend that my colleagues thoroughly thus accommodated, we can conclude that bent whether it be going to the moon, genet­ consider the concepts developed in this there is a market for trash. I repeat, scrupu­ ic alteration of other human beings, re­ chapter: losity is not a feature of the market. leasing the atom's energy, or whatever. FREE MARKET DISCIPLINES When the desires of people are depraved, Knowing so much about one thing and so little about everything else, they are unable Contrary to socialistic tenets, the free a free market will accommodate the deprav­ ity. And it will accommodate excellence with to know what effect their ambitions, if market 1s the only mechanism that can achieved, might have on the human situa­ sensibly, logically, intelligently discipline equal alacrity. It is "servant alike to good . . . and evil." tion. Just as a baby with a stiok of dyna­ production and consumption. For it is only mite and a match is unaware of what the when the market is free that economic cal­ AN AMORAL SERVANT 1 consequences might be! culation 1s possible. Free pricing 1s the key. It is because the free market serves evil as The lamentable fact is that scientists, When prices are high, production is en­ well as good that many people think they pseudo scientists, and other technologists couraged and consumption is discouraged; can rid society of evil by slaying this faithful, have been given a wishing well: the Federal when prices fall, the reverse holds true. amoral servant. This is comparable to de­ grab bag. They, thUB, are encouraged to carry Thus, production and consumption are stroying the sun because we don't like the out any experiment their hearts desire, always moving toward equ111brium. Short­ shadows we cast or breaking the mirror so without let or hindrance. Leaving aside the ages and surpluses are not in the lexicon that we don't have to see the reflection of destruction of our economy by infiation­ of free market economics. what we really are. featured in the grab bag's financing-they Conceded, the above ls no news to those When I sit in front of a. TV and view trash, are alarmingly endangering all the people on who apprehend free market economics; they I tend to rant and rave at what I'm seeing. this earth, even the earth itself. And pri­ well know of its disciplinary influence as re­ Wake up: What I hear and see is a reflection marily because they suffer no restraining gards production and consumption. This of what's in me! Thus, my only corrective and disciplinary forces; their passions and alone warrants our support of the free mar­ is to read a good book or otherwise cease to ambitions are on the loose! ket. However, the free market has two other patronize such low-grade performances. THE DISCIPLINE OF THE MARKET quite remarkable disciplinary possibilities The market is but a response to-a mirror which have seldom been explored. of-our desires. Once this harsh reality is The remedy? Let these ambitions be sub­ Before making that exploration, it is grasped, the market becomes a disciplinary mitted to the discipline of the market pre­ necessary to recognize the limitations of the force. To elaborate: Say that a person desires, cisely as a.re most other commodities and free market. The market is a mechanism, buys, and reads a filthy book, Were he to services. Go to the moon? Of course; that is, and thus it 1s wholly lacking in moral and realize that what he's reading is a picture of when the market permits the venture, if spiritua1_ suasion; further, it embodies no what's in his own make-up, such a realiza­ enough people voluntarily subscribe the coercive force whatsoever. In these respects, tion, by itself, would tend to change him for cash. Release the atom's energy? By all the market is without disciplinary possi­ the better. The m.arket would then reflect the means; that is, when the market is ready for bilities. improvement. But note that the market has it. "Like all mechanisms, the market, with its no such effect on those who are oblivious Am I saying that the market has a wis­ function for the economizing of time and to this fact. It's the knowledge of this char­ dom superior to the President of the United effort, 1s servant alike to the good, the com­ a.cter-revealing fact that makes of the market StaJtes, or the Congress, or a bureaucracy? I passionate, and the perceptive as well as to a disciplinary force. I am only trying to point am not. The market is a mechanism and is the evil, the inconsiderate, and the obliv­ out the market's potentiality in this respect. neither wise nor moral. I am only claiming 2 ious." Scrupulosity ls not among its char­ Instead of cursing evil, stay out of the mar­ that it has disciplinary qualities. To under­ acteristics. ket for it; the evil will cease to the extent stand why requires no more than a knowl­ The free market ls a name we give to the we cease patronizing it. Trying to rid our­ edge of what the components of this mech­ economic activities-a short-hand term, we selves of trash by running to government for anism are: millions upon millions of indi­ might say-of a people acting freely, volun­ morality laws is like trying to minimize the vidual preferences, choices, desires. The mar­ tarily, privately, cooperatively, competitively. effects of inflation by wage, price, and other ket is an obstacle course; before I can pur­ It is distinguished by universal freedom of controls. Both destroy the market, that is, the sue my bent or aptitude or obsoosion, I must choice and the absence of coercive force. reflection of ourselves. Such tactics a.re at gain an adequate, voluntary approval or as­ Ideally, only defensive force-government-­ the intellectual level of mirror-smashing, at­ sent! No Wishing well, this! My own aspira­ ls employed to put down fraud, violence, tempts not to see ourselves as we are. The tions, regardless of how determined, or lofty, predation, and other aggressions. market's potentiality as a disciplinary force or depraved, do not control the verdict. What Given a society of freely choosing individ­ ls thereby removed. To slay this faithful, these others--impersonal as a computer­ uals, the market is that which exists as a amoral servant is to blindfold, deceive, and wlll put up in willing exchange for my offer­ consequence-it is a mechanism that is hoodwink ourselves. Next to forswearing a ing spells my success or failure, allows me to otherwise nondefinltlve. It is the procession faith in an Infinite Intelligence over and pursue my bent or not. of economic events that occur when authori­ beyond our own minds, denying the market There are exceptions to this rule, of course. tarianism-political or otherwise-is absent. is to er<&Se the best point of reference man For instance, some of us who may be unable While private enterprise is often practiced can have. So much for the first somewhat un­ to win the market will, like Van Gogh, face in a manner consonant with free market explored possibility of the market as a dis­ starvation in order to pursue our passions. principles, the two terms are not synony­ ciplinary force. The threat of starvation, however, 1s quite a mous. Piracy is an enterprise and also private. discipline in itself; at least, not much is Many businesses when in league with unions, IMPERFECT MAN likely to be uncovered in these circumstances for instance-willingly or not--feature ele­ Now to the second. This cannot be ex­ that will destroy life on earth. It takes big ments of coercion and thus are not examples plained unless we are aware of our numerous financing to do unearthly things. of the free market at work. shortcomings, of how narrow our virtues and The market very often returns fortunes The free market has only been approxi­ talents really are--everyone's, no exceptions. for comparative junk and, on occasion, re­ mated, never fully attained, and, doubtless, Let's take, for example, the greatest mathe­ turns nothing at all for great and beneficial never will be realized. It is an out-of-reach matical genius who ever lived. He's a giant achievements-temporarily, that is. Even­ ideal; we can only move toward or away from in his field. Yet, without any question, he's a tually, in a free society, the junk goes to it. Yet, in the U.S.A., even in these days of a know-nothing in countless other ways. This the junk heap and achievements are re­ rapidly growing interventionism, the free goes for outstanding generals, chemists, phys­ warded. market flourishes to a remarkable extent. To icists, scientists of whatever brand. No one I believe that anyone should follow his appreciate this, merely envision the countless ever gets more than an Infinitesimal peek at star; but let him do so with his own re­ willing exchanges-hundreds of millions the Cosmic Si)heme, at the over-all lmn1nos­ sources or with such resources as others will daily-such as Mrs. Jones swapping a shawl ity, even a·t himself. We must see that the big­ voluntarily supply. This is to say that I be- she has made for a goose Mrs. Smith has gest among us 'is tiny. And one who denies lieve tn the market, a tough, disciplinary raised, or the money you pay for a phone this about himself is displaying the greaJtes.t mechanism. I do not believe in cars without call or a quart of milk. In these instances, ignorance of all: he doesn't even know how brakes, impulses without repulses, ambitions each party gains, for each desires what he li't tle he knows! "If we wish to know any­ with check points, wishes run riot. Societal gets more than what he surrenders. In a thing, we must resign ourselves to being ig­ schemes that are all sail and no ballast head word, the free market is individual desire norant of much." s society for disaster! speaking in exchange terms. When the desire Reflect on this human reality, on imper­ The rebuttal to this line of reasoning is fect man, particularly on the more imagina­ heard over and over again: "But we voted I Professor Ludwig von Mises establishes tive and brillia.nt individuals among us. for it," meaning that the Federal grab bag­ this point, irrefutably, in his book, Socialism While they possess a.n outstanding and re­ open sesame with other people's income­ (London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1969). markable aptitude or two, they, too, a.re day. has been democratically approved. Granted! 2 See "Value-The Soul of Economics," by But this is nonsense: the fruits of the labor W. H. Pitt. The Freeman, September, 1969. a John Henry Newman. of one man are not up for grabs by others, November 11, 1971 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40821 that is, not rationally! This is not a votable I insert the full text of the article at And th:a.t view is consistent, too, with a.n matter, except 1f one's premise be a social­ this point in the RECORD: appeal made last winiter by the Surgeon Gen­ istic society. What's right and what's wrong eral of the Public Health Service, Dr. Jesse L. THE GUINEA PIGS-NOBODY KNOWS IF DRUGS are not to be determined at the shallow Steinfeld. ~lUng for controls on production level of nose-counting or opinion polls. To TESTED ON HUMANS WILL CAUSE CANCER of all known carcinogens thait; man has in­ argue otherwise is to place the same value (By Morton Mintz and Tim O'Brien) troduced into the environment, he saJ.d ex­ on the views of morons as you do on your Pharmaceutical manufacturers are testing ceptions should be limited to substances of­ own. · potent new medicines in thousands of hu­ fering "a well-defined heal'th benefit" that As a disciplinary force over wild aspira­ mans every year even before they complete "oUJtweighs their risk." tions, the President of the United States, a experiments designed to show if the same Chemicals cause the great bulk of cancers member of Congress, a bureaucrat is not chemicals may cause cancer in laboratory in man; viruses and radiation together cause only less effective than the market but less animals. possibly only 10 per cent of them. effective than any single buyer or seller in In numerous cases, cancer has developed Chemical carcinogens have been shown to the market. An individual, when a govern­ in animals after tests. The Food and Drug act by inhaJ.ation (cigarette smoking aJ.one ment official, considers only how much of Administration has publicly disclosed only is blamed for most of the 68,000 deaths a other people's money should be spent. The one such case, that of MK-665 compound-an year from cancers of the respiratory system), motivation in this instance favors spending experimental birth control pill given to more by ingestion (the foods, beverages, drugs, over economizing. The same individual, in than 400 women and belatedly reported in additives and other chemicals we take in are the free market, considers how much of his January 1966, to have caused cancer in the believed responsible for possibly most of the own property he is willing to put on the line. breasts of beagles. 45,000 fatal cancers in the intestinal tract), The motivation in this instance is self-inter­ All told, more than 1,000 chemical sub­ by surface contact with the skin and mucous est. And this is tough! Ambitions as silly as stances, out of some 20,000 in our environ­ tissues, and occasionally by injection or tracking the meanderings of polar bears by ment, have been shown to be carcinogenic­ implantation. a nimbus satellite stand a chance for satis­ cancer-producing-in animals. And several The risks and the difficulty of control a.re faction when a grab bag made up of other individual chemicals or mixtures among illustrated in a hypothetical example offered people's money is readily at hand; 0 whereas, them have also been shown conclusively to by Dr. Umberto Se.ffiotti, an associate scien­ the free market gives short shrift to projects produce cancer in men. tific director of the National Cancer Insti­ that are at or near the bottom of individual Many cancer specialists apply a rule of tute, in testimony last April before the Sen­ preferences. thumb: If a chemical is reliably and defi­ ate Subcommittee on Executive Reorganiza­ True, were personal ambitions subjected nitely carcinogenic in one or two species of tion and Government Research. to the disciplines of the market, trips to the animals, it is very likely to be similarly active Suppose, he said, that tha.lidomlde, in­ moon would have to be postponed. Atomic in other species-including humans. stead of producing deformities which were energy might be a phenomenon of the fu­ But proof thait a substance produces can­ obvious at birth, had produced a form of ture. Many other scientific explorations­ cer in humans ls ha.rd to obtain. This is be­ cancer which would not become manifest some secret--taking place today in our uni­ cause such a subStance takes a.pproxima.tely until adulthood. versities and Federally financed woul_d, un­ 10 years--a.nd sometimes as much as 30 "The lethal effects of the drug would prob­ der the discipline of the market, still be years--to bring a human cancer to the point ably still be undetected, women would pos­ safely stored in imaginative minds. of development where it can be detected. sibly still be taking it during their preg­ This is no argument against technological Bladder cancer, for inst.e.nce may be pres­ nancy, and a large number of people would breakthroughs. It is merely to suggest that ent for 20 or even 30 years before it is de­ have been born with a built-in sentence to these illuminaitions be financially encour­ tected.. Thus we wm not know for a long, long early death by cancer," he said. aged only as the free market permits. The time whether cyclamates, the synthetic While a chemica.lly induced cancer escapes resulting steadiness in progress might then sweeteners found in 1969 to be C81USing blad­ detection for possibly two decades or longer, be harmonious with an expanded under­ der cancer in rats, also cause it in humans. it can be administered "under the false ap­ standing of what it is we really want and Most a.lways, companies experimeillting in pearances of harmlessness," Dr. Saffiottl can live with. humans while anima.l tests a.re still under warned. I repeat, societal schemes that are all sail way are complying fully with FDA's regula­ "If the effect is then detected and properly and no ballast head society for disaster. The tions. The FDA's General Guidelines for Ani­ attributed to the specific chemical, and this free market is ballast--a stabilizer-we mal Toxicity Studies require a company ls then removed from the environment, the might well put to use if we would avoid starTting human testing to notify the agency cancers it induced will continue to appear wreckage in the stormy seas of political that it is doing so, but neither to he.ve first for the next 20 to 30 yea.rs," he testified. chaos. completed animal testing nor first ha.ve to "POTENTIALLY PREVENTABLE" obta.ined approvaJ. before moving to humans. The regula.tdons permit a drug that haS Rather than seeing all of this as a ca.use THE GUINEA PIGS-NOBODY been used in animals for two .weeks to be ad­ of despair, Saffiotti expresses a view held by ministered to huma.ns, sick or well, for up to many cancer experts: "The majority of hu­ KNOWS IF DRUGS TESTED ON man cancers are potentially preventable." HUMANS WILL CAUSE CANCER two weeks (the regulations do not apply tu estrogen, progestogen and the omd con­ The work of preventing cancer, he has sug­ traceptives, which in every case contain gested, can be sensibly concentrated on the these synthetic hormones) . "maybe just a few dozen" new environmen­ HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL After four weeks' use in anima.ls, the rules tal chemicals that, on testing, will be shown OF VIRGINIA permllt an expertmerutal drug to be used in · to be carcinogenic in humans. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES humans, sick or well, for up to three months; In most cases, Saffiotti told the Senate and after a medicine has been tried in two Subcommittee, pursuit of such proof re­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 species of animals for three months, a manu­ quires "extremely complex and lengthy epi­ Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. faoturer is free to g.J.ve it to humans for an demiological studies." un11m1ted period of time. And in some cases, he continued, such Speaker, my very good friend and con­ What all this adds up to, one disillusioned proof actually may be "impossible to ob­ stituent, Dr. John 0. Nestor, recently FDA scientist told a reporter, is that "the tain ... because of the complexity of con­ called my attention to an article which drug companies, with the collaboration and trols that would be needed for a satisfactory appeared in the Washington Post on collusion of the FDA, ue really doing their demonstration." October 24, 1971, concerning the testing experimentation with new drugs on humans The bi:tith-control pills illustrate the prob­ of powerful and possibly dangerous med­ while simulrta.neously oa.rrying on limited and lem. The steroid substances they contain icines on humans before experiments minimal animal studies on the side as a have caused cancer in five species of labora­ with animals have proven their safety. facade. Thait is it, pure and simple." tory animals. Millions of women, in an un­ Dr. Nestor feels, and I agree, that the NINE-TENTHS OF CANCERS controlled mass experiment, take them daily American public should be warned about In the view of leading scientists, no (and more millions have taken them and amounlt of a substance that is carcinogenic given them up, for one or another reason). the dangerous practices described in this Yet controlled studies to determine if the article and that the public and the Con­ in animals should be presumed safe in hu­ mans. La.st January, for example, Dr. Da.v1d pills do-or do not--cause, say, breast cancer gress should insist that the Food and Rall of the Na.tiona.l Institute of Environ­ have not been done. Such studies would Drttg Administration tighten its regula­ mental Health Sciences said theit it is "es­ have to enlist tens of rthousands of women tions which make such practices possible. sentially impossible to suggest a safe dose in for approximately a decade. humans of a chemical that is cJ..rcinogenic In 1969, the FDA's expert outside advisers ' For what I consider to be a rationally in a.nilnaJs." on contraception issued a report saying that constructed explanation of this point, see That view is consistent with the 1958 legis­ "the major unsolved question" about the "The Limits of Majority Rule" by Edmund lation, sponsoo-ed by Rep. James J. Delaney pills is their relation to the induction of A. Opitz. Copy on request. (D-N.Y.), whil.oh for'bids the use of any food cancer. Consequently-nine years a.fter the 0 See "The Migration of Polar Bears," additive t;hait has been dem.onstra.ted to ca.use FDA pronounced the pioneer pill safe a.nd let Scientific American, February, 1968. ca.ncer in either animals or man. it go on sale-the advisers were pleading CXVII--2568-Part 31 40822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971

that well designed studies be initiated ''to drug in interstate commerce be demonstrated TRIFLOCIN ; CASE HISTORY OF A DRUG elucidate or eli.m.inate" the relation between to be safe and effective--cited the negative In February, 1968, Lederle Laboratories, the such products and cancer of the breast and February results of six months' testing. The uterus. pharmaceutical division of American Cyana­ July results, covering a full year, not having mid Co., began experimep.ting With a medi­ For Dr. Saffiotti, among other experts con­ been analyzed, were ignored. cerned with the whole range of cancer prob­ cine that rids the body of excess fluids. On Dec. 9, 1965, however, the July tissues Such products are called diuretics. Ap­ lems, the "only prudent course of action at were analyzed and cancer was found. Merck the present state of knowledge is to assume proximately two dozen of them long have "should have reported the results ... imme­ been available to physicians. that chemicals which a.re carcinogenic in diately," but, instead, was "gettin g in t ouch a.nima.J.s could also be such in man, although Lederle says that Trifiocin held promise with their consultants," Goodrich testified. of offering special advantages over rival the direct demonstration in man is lacking." Not until 43 days later d id the company Another prudent course, emphasized by products. notify the FDA. "That was a violation," the At the Food and Drug Administ ration, scientists including Sir John Eccles of the counsel told the subcommittee. Merck said however, some scientists say that the diuretic State University of New York, is to exploit it had acted "responsibly and as promptly as our ever greater proficiency in conducting m arket is saturated. "We need another warranted." Soon after receiving the notifi­ diuretic like a hole in the head," one FDA animal carcinogenicity tests meaningful to cation, then Commissioner Goddard an­ scientist said. man. nounced the cancer finding at a press con­ Initially, Lederle administered Triflocin to " ... there will be progressively less ne­ ference. rats and dogs. Some time after that--both cessity for human experimentation," Eccles Merck said it had halted testing in 340 the company and the FDA are vague a.bout said. "We must plan to minimize human women who had been receiving the experi­ precisely when-medical investigators work­ experimentation and maximize animal ex­ mental birth control pills from authorized ing with Lederle began administering Tri­ perimentation, and we must define quite medical investigators, and in 127 others who flocin to human beings here and abroad. rigorously the conditions under which hu­ had been getting MK-665 from two other in­ The number of patients is uncertain. The man experimentation can be carried out." vestigators who had not been cleared by FDA says it was "a.bout 205," but Lederle This was one of the major goals of the Ke­ Merck. says it was 253. The FDA says that "at least fauver-Harris amendments to the drug laws, THE NEEDED REFORMS 63 non-Americans" got Triflocin; Lederle says which Congress, suddenly motivated by the At the time, the FDA said Merck had initi­ that "98 foreign humans" were involved in thalidomide episode, enacted in 1962, in ated a program of followups for the 340 the Trifiocin studies. hopes of averting any future drug catas­ women who had gotten MK-565 through The date when human beings began to trophes. proper channels. take Triflocin has not been disclosed, but With this mandate, the FDA, in January, By replying to a recent inquiry, the PDA FDA regulations for "INDs"-investigational 1963, adopted implementing regulations. said that while no adverse effects in the new drugs-permit clinical trials to begin Their high purpose, as expressed by the De­ users had been found, Merck had "lost track after animals have received them for two partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, of many of the women." In addition, some of weeks. was "to eliminate all unnecessary risk to the the follow-up tests were "inconclusive" be­ In September, 1969, some of the first rats public that may attend the development of cause the women took other oral contracep­ given Triflocin were killed and autopsies new drugs and to impose only necessary re­ tives abandoning MK-665, the spokesman performed. strictions on the conduct of investigational said. He added that the whole matter has In the urinary bladders of some of the drug research." been referred to an FDA advisory commit­ rats, the FDA said, Lederle found "abnor­ For about three years, so far as the public tee. malities." The company, replying to written and most of the medical profession were In a follow-up of its own, the FDA ordered questions from The Washington Post, said aware, the regulations were working well. manufacturers of all of the marketed oral that it detected no cancerous tumors at that THE MK-665 CASE contraceptives to undertake studies of up to time, but neither it nor the FDA disclosed But in early 1966, serious doubts surfaced. seven years' duration in monkeys, the species exactly what the "abnormalities" were. First came the case of MK-665 compound, closest to man, as well as in dogs. Each of the According to the a.ccount Lederle gave the the experimental birth control pill, that led pills contain synthetic estrogen, which, un­ newspaper, the next important development then FDA Commissioner James L. Goddard to der certain conditions, can be carcinogenic. came when dogs given Triflocin experienced make the one and only agency announce­ Yet the FDA has demanded no counter­ kidney effects "unrelated to cancer." On the ment that an investigational drug used in part of the monkey-beagle tests for numerous basis of these findings, the letter said, human beings had caused cancer in animals. non-hormonal medicines, many of which Lederle on Jan. 22, 1970, instructed Triflocin On Jan. 21, 1966, Merck & Co. had notified have not been shown to provide a therapeu­ investigators to discontinue human trials. the FDA of the finding of breast cancer in tic advance that outweighs their hazards. The FDA made no mention of the January beagles that were sacrificed after receiving The House subcommittee also investigated development and, indeed, there are signs it large doses of MK-665 compound for 12 the case of DMSO, an industrial solvent built did not know of it. months. by almost hysterical publicity into a "wonder After the rat studies disclosed unspecified An "alarming finding," William W. Good­ drug" useful for most any affliction from ar­ "abnormalities" the obvious next step was rich, then FDA's general counsel, called this thritis to headaches. One of the distressing to examine the animal tissues under a micro­ in hearings on the case held by the House revelations was that several drug firms had scope to find out if the "abnormalities" were failed to report adverse (though non-cancer.. cancers. This process takes two weeks to a Intergovernmental Relations subcommittee month, according to FDA scientists. in March, 1966. And, he testified, such 3 ous) reactions in animals, and that the FDA finding must, under the regulations, be re­ had failed to enforce its ow:i experimental But the micz:oscopic examinations actu­ ported to the agency "immediately." drug rules. ally were not completed for seven months, The subcommittee hearings, led by Chair­ and during this time Triflocin was being Merck scientists had sacrificed the dogs on administered to human beings. The possibil­ July 30, 1965, but did not make microscopic man L. H. Fountain (D-N.C.), prodded the FDA to make some improvements in its in­ ity that the "abnormalities" were cancers not examinations of tissue sections until four. having been excluded, the delay was "in­ months later-a precedent of sorts for the vestigational drug regulations, but funda­ mental deficiencies nonetheless went uncor­ excusable," one FDA scientist said. Triflocin case detailed in the accompanying The precise date Lederle gave the FDA for article. rected. The needed reforms are, in some areas, completion of the microscopic examinations Explaining the delay, the firm said the was April 15, 1970. At the time, Lederle findings from another group of dogs sacri­ obvious: tougher regulations to implement the law, and tougher enforcement of those said, four out of 13 rats had developed cancer .ficed in February, 1965, had been negative, 18 months after being treated With Triflocin; and that the tissues from the July group had regulations; more congressional oversight of the FDA, and the use of substitutes for seven out of 12 got the disease after 22 become available during an inconvenient pe­ carcinogens (which is often possible) , or months. In all, 11 out of 24 became can­ riod, vacation time. the outright abandonment of such chemi­ cerous. None of the control ra.ts--those not If reasons of this sort can immunize a cals unless there are truly compelling justifi­ given the drug--developed cancer. company from the requirement to report cations to use them. Lederle reported these findings to the FDA "alarming findings" at once, W. Donald A larger question arises from the legisla­ not by phone or with some other sign of Gray, then a subcommittee investigator, told tion approved by the Senate to create a urgency, but in a letter dated April 27, 1970, Goodrich, "a company could do animal stud­ Conquest of Cancer Agency, finance it gen­ or 12 days later. ies and n:ot make final tissue examinations erously, and have it report directly to the "During routine evaluation of slides from and reports for years." President--an idea to which Mr. Nixon and our chronic toxicity study in rats, we dis­ The FDA did refer the case to the Justice the American Cancer Society attach impor­ covered changes in the urinary bladder which Department for a possible criminal prosecu­ tance. appear to be drug related," Lederle told Dr. tion, but the department declined to act. The question is, can the conquest be Henry E. Simmons, director of the FDA's In November 1965, while the July tissues achieved so long as the FDA does not rou­ Bureau of Drugs. still were awaiting evaluation, Merck had tinely require that drugs be adequately Because the "changes" were cancers, "We notified the FDA that it was beginning large­ screened for cancer-producing potential, and immediately discontinued clinical studies scale testing in women. so long as it permits drugs that are carcino­ and requested return of all outstanding drug The notification-legally, an application to genic in animals to be administered to hu­ supplies," the Lederle letter said. be exempted from requirements that any mans? The statement that "we immediately dis- November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40823 continued human trials" did not seem to publicly identified as Triflocin by a drug Springer places this treaty in some suggest that these trials were going on in only trade paper) had developed cancer after hu­ perspective: two human beings. Yet, Lederle, in its subse­ man testing had begun. He also questioned quent letter to The Washington Post, said the adequacy of the FDA guidelines for ex­ These treaties, in my mind, are so danger­ that all but two persons "had been off Triflo­ perimental drugs, as well a.s the adequacy of ous, not only because they give away German cin for several months," as a consequence of follow-up on persons exposed to such rights without getting anything back in re­ the January, 1970, dog kidney findings "which medicines. turn, but because they are the first sign of were unrelated to cancer." Nestor used the "Critical Pathway," an a new "renversement des alliances," reversal In dealing with the finding of bladder can­ administrative channel specially created by of alliances, as Bismarck called it. cer in rats, Lederle proceeded differently with the Commissioner to enable FDA personnel The Berlin treaty is only the first step its eight foreign investigators than with its to slash red tape and bring urgent situations 10 domestic Triflocin investigators, the FDA directly and promptly to his attention. in the Soviet timetable, a timetable said. Edwards replied two months later. He im­ which Western leaders seem eager to help "Copies of letters to the domestic investi­ plicitly recognized that drugs were being them fulfill. Mr. Springer notes that-- gators, dated June 18, 1970, identified the ad­ tested in humans before adequate animal The next step, according to the Soviet time­ verse finding as papillary carcinoma," the studies were completed and evaluated, but table, will be the so-called European security agency said. "Foreign investigators, however, said no policy changes by FDA were required. conference. Here the often-told, long-range were advised in letters dated April 27, 1970, The letter mentioned neither Lederle nor aim is to find a political and legal justifica­ of ". . . lesions with occasional malignant Triflocin. tion for the demand that "all t roops return degeneration." home from foreign soil." This in effect would Asked for an explanation of the April-to­ mean that the Soviet units might retire June delay in notifying American investiga­ DANGER IN GERMANY'S beyond the new Polish eastern border, and tors, Lederle said that the June 18 letter OSTPOLITICK that the American units retire beyond the "transmitted further detailed reports of the Atlantic. rat bladder cancer findings ... as a follow-up Those who somehow believe that the to prior notification" of these physicians "by HON. PHILIP M. CRANE Brandt policies and their counterpart in letter and/ or visit." OF ILLINOIS Between September, 1969, when the "ab­ our own country will somehow bring normalities" were found in the test rats, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peace, should carefully consider the late April, 1970, when this finding was re­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 words of Axel Springer. ported to the FDA, "about 205" or 253 per­ I wish to share this speech, given in sons-depending on whether the agency's Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, while many Washington, D.C. on October 26, 1971, count or Lederle's is correct--had taken in this country have hailed West German with my colleagues, and insert it into the Triflocin. Chancellor Willy Brandt's Nobel Prize RECORD at this time: The conflicting statistics raise questions as for Peace, and while our Government to how the FDA can monitor the human sub­ seems satisfied with the Big Four agree­ STATEMENT BY AXEL SPRINGER jects' reaction to Triflocin if uncertainty ment reached on the future status of Ladies and gentlemen, your chairman exists a.bout precisely how many persons Berlin, the unfortunate fact seems to be asked me to be brief. I think he was right. got it. that the West has lost and the East has Because as you know the Germans write the Asked how many of the human subjects gained in this entire transaction. longest articles in the world and make the were informed of the suspected toxicity of longest speeches-with the possible excep­ Triflocin-informa.tion which would en­ In that agreement, travel was simpli­ tion of the Russians and the Cubans. courage them to undergo regular examina­ fied for West Berliners wishing to visit The duty to be brief reminds me of a very tions-the FDA said the number was "inde­ East Berlin, but no provision was made pleasant ceremony at the Chaim Weizmann terminable." whatever for East Berliners wishing to Institute in Rehovot, Israel. Before we, the The FDA made "specific recommendations" visit the West. Similarly, we agreed that designated Honorary Fellows of the Institute, to Lederle as to procedures that would be no sessions of the West German Parlia­ got our caps and gowns, there were several appropriate in following up the effects the speakers; they all were asked to be brief. ment nor the Congress, which elects the One of them, the British Ambassador, drug may have had on patients, Dr. Simmons West German President, may take place said. solved this problem in a very humorous way: in West Berlin. In this onesided agree­ he purposely spoke so fast, that nobody un­ But Lederle officials "rejected some of the ment, the situation in East Berlin was derstood him. But he stuck exactly to the recommendations, stating that they would not even mentioned. Contrary to all pre­ given time, and the results were waves and consult a. 'panel' for advice," the FDA of­ waves of laughter in the audience. ficial reported. vious agreements, the East German regime has installed all its governmental Don't be alarmed. I cannot speak English Lederle, in its reply to The Washington that rapidly. Post's inquiries, said nothing a.bout having offices and parliament in East Berlin. In Seriously, I am grateful and happy to be rejected some of the follow-up procedures addition, East German soldiers are sta­ here today to talk to you about Berlin. recommended by the FDA. Instead, the com­ tioned in East Berlin, while no West Ger­ Before I get to Berlin allow me to introduce pany said its recommendations were "com­ man soldiers are permitted in West Ber­ myself by telling you the four basic princi­ municated to investigators" who conducted lin. This situation has now been made ples to which all journalists of our news­ clinical trials with Triflocin. into a formal agreement, and incredibly papers are bound. The Lederle panel-said by the company is hailed as a victory and achievement in 1. Reunification of Germany in freedom, if to be made up of scientists from an uniden­ the West. possible within the framework of a United tified but "outstanding" medical school­ Europe. concluded that Triflocin patients "are at lit­ Discussing the Berlin agreement in a 2. Reconciliation between Jews and Ger­ tle risk of developing bladder tumors," be­ speech before the National Press Club mans, which includes strong support for the cause the amount of the diuretic given and here in Washington, Axel Springer, life-rights of the people of Israel. the duration of exposure to it "are not at founder and owner of the leading West 3. Rejection of any kind of political dic­ all comparable to the animal dosages or German publishing group, declared tatorship. durations." that-- 4. Defense of the free market economy The panel concluded that "no follow-up Completely incredible is the concession to with social responsibility. is necessary for those individuals who re­ establish a. Soviet consulate general in West When I said before that I am grateful to ceived the drug for less than two weeks." Berlin, a concession obviously granted upon be here at this time, my main reason ls that The FDA disagreed, saying that all persons German urging. The Berliners already call I believe we are witnessing today not the who got Triflocin should be followed up. And this the future home of all the spies who beginning of a Berlin solution, as many until the company panel made its recom­ were kicked out of Britain recently. want us to believe, but the beginnings of a mendations, Lederle had undertaken to in­ new future Berlin crisis, different from ear­ form its investigators of its discussions wLth Mr. Springer stated that-- lier ones. the FDA and had supplied them with patient The West also gave a death blow to an Many who compared the building of the follow-up sheets listing specific tests to be hopes for eventual reuniflcation of Berlin Wall in 1961 to a painful amputation, now made. and Germany. I mean, of course, reunification fear that in the meantime the city has been The Triflocin case first ca.me forcibly to in freedom. This new policy will most likely infected by a. dangerous creeping lllness. the attention of FDA Commissioner Charles bring 1n its wake international diplomatic It ls, therefore, not a matter of accident C. Edwards thanks to Dr. John 0. Nestor, an recognition for the East German regime. The that people are leaving Berlin these days in agency medical officer and pediatric cardiol­ run has already been started. great numbers. The census officials of the ogist. city are alarmed. Many more Berliners, they Nestor told Dr. Edwards of a situation he The treaty, it must be remembered, has say, have left the city in the past months considered "scandalous": Animals treated greater implications for East-West rela­ than those who left even after the building with an unnamed experimental drug (later tions than the status of Berlin alone. Mr. of the Wall. 40824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 For years and years I have been calling insists on treating and denouncing Berlin When I discuss today here in Washington attention to this danger. as an alleged focus of danger, a -cancer, as the trends of the present West German pol­ I remember especially a dinner in Bonn, they say, a fuse in the· powder barrel, a for­ icies towards Communist Europe, I do so, ten years ago, on Friday, August 11th, 1961. eign body. But behind the Soviet demand because I feel and fear that by these policies Next to me sat the late Edward R. Murrow, for a treaty with the two forms of state on the whole West is endangered. If this goes then head of the USIA. German soil there is not merely the­ on unchanged, the result will not be a peace­ At tha.t time, once again, access routes to understandable--FRANK ANNUNZIO this agreement? I know the Western repre­ Concerning these treaties, a friend of mine, OF ILLINOIS sentatives invested immense good will and a high official in a country which is also IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the greatest efforts. But the so-called con­ under pressure from the Soviets, asked me cessions from the Russians are all self-un­ recently: "Please explain to me the Russian Wednesday, November 10, 1971 derstood and accepted among decent nations. 'Westpolitik,' which in your country is called Travel simplified from and to West Berlin. German 'Ostpolitik'." Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I want Visits by West Berliners to East Berlin and These treaties, in my mind, are so danger­ to call the attention of my colleagues an East Germany, of course not vice versa. All ous, not only because they give away German article written by Mr. Guido Mariotti, of this is emotionally important to individ­ rights without getting anything back in re­ D Cittadino, which is one of the promi­ uals, but politically unimportant. turn, but because they are the first sign of a nent daily newspapers serving the people The West, however, conceded important new "renversement des alliances," reversal of Genoa. political ground. of alliances, as Bismarck called it. I had the pleasure of meeting and con­ For instance, it diminished the influence And this would most certainly be a catas­ ferring with Mr. Mariotti at a reception of the Federal Republic in West Berlin by trophe. Without the alliance of the West, accepting that no sessions of the Bonn par­ which was built with your help and with given by Mr. Thomas H. Murfin, Ameri­ liament nor the Congress, which elects the America as the leading member, the free can Consul General at Genoa, in honor Federal President, may take place in West world would be doomed. of the Congressmen who visited Genoa in Berlin. The next step, according to the Soviet early October on the occasion of the first On the other hand, the situation in East timetable, wlll be the so-called European celebration of Columbus Day in America Berlin was not even mentioned, where, con­ Security Conference. Here the often-told, as a national public Federal holiday. trary to earlier agreements, the East German long-range aim is to find a political and a The text of the article is most com­ regime has installed all its governmental legal justification for the demand, that "all offices and its mock parliament, not even to troops return home from foreign soil." This prehensive and I know that many of my speak of the East German troops, which in effect would mean that the Soviet units colleagues in the House will enjoy read­ are stationed there. No West German soldier might retire beyond the new Polish eastern ing it, because it further demonstrates may--of course--enter West Berlin. border, and that the American units retire that the bridge and the ties between the Completely incredible is the concession to beyond the Atlantic. people of Italy and the people of America establish a Soviet consulate general in West The Russians plan to have the European are strong and enduring. Berlin, a concession obviously granted upon Security Conference by spring 1972. During The article follows: German urging. The Berliners already call his visit in the Crimea, near Yalta, Willy this the future home of all the spies who Brandt accepted this timetable. Or, so I have [From Il Cittadino, Oct. 5, 1971] were kicked out of Britain recently. been informed. "COLUMBUS DAY" Wn.L BE A NATIONAL You may be interested to hear how a The Soviets expect that next spring Presi­ HOLIDAY IN THE UNITED STATES member of the Western negotiation team dent Nixon will be so involved in the elec­ To solemnize the event a delegation of sees the future of this institution. He said: tions that only little energy can be spared American Congressmen has been hosted in by him for other matters. This the Russians Genoar-The significance of the celebrations "At first the Soviets will do nothing. But hope to exploit. after two years at the latest, they will press that are now in preparation. It appeasr that the British government has for their own liaison officer at the seat of the Christopher Columbus has received the chiefly recognized this situation and tries to high honor of having a national holiday of West Berlin government. Then we shall have at least postpone this conference. I hope it Four Power Rule for West Berlin." succeeds. the United States of America officially dedi­ The West also gave a deathblow to all cated to him. Until today there were eight If the Moscow and the Warsaw treaties and national holidays but only one was reserved hopes for eventual reunification of Berlin the Berlin agreement become effective, and to an individual, George Washington, the and Germany. I mean, of course, reunifica­ if the Soviets reach their goal at a European tion in freedom. This new policy will most Security Conference, Russia would become Father of the nation of the Americans. The likely bring in its wake international diplo­ the dominant power over all of Europe. decision of Congress to declare Columbus Day matic recognition for the East German re­ However, the majority of Europeans and a national holiday of the States of the Unione gime. The run has already been started. therefore takes on particular significance be­ most certainly the majority of my German cause it ls one of the greatest honor which This is, of course, not admitted in such countrymen stlll hope for the pax americana. terms by the involved Western representa­ In a recent poll 79 per cent of all Wes.t Ger­ the great Genoese mariner could have had. tives. But these are the facts, and the So­ mans considered continued friendship with The law was sponsored by United States Con­ viets and their allies already speak and act the U.S.A. as the most important foreign gressmen of Italian origin and was approved accordingly. policy issue. And I know that the pax ameri­ in 1968 with an overwhelming majority and Believing that self-determination is a cana can only be reached with the full and great enthusiasm. According to the American basic political right, I, for one, would have enthusiastic cooperation of all the friends legislation the law enters in force three years been happier, had it been possible to put and allies of the United States. And this, of after its adoption so that 1971 is the first the Berlin agreement up for a referendum course, also includes the fair sharing of fi­ year in which Columbus Day becomes a na­ vote to the people of West Berlln. nancial burdens. tional holiday. 40826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS -November 11, 1971 To solemnize the event a delegation of A NEW NATIONAL HOLIDAY most important part in obtaining Columbus Members of Congress, many of whom of Ital­ Day as a Paid National Holiday for Postal ian origin, visited Genoa as guests. The Employees? group was led by Honora.ble Peter W. Rodino HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE who worked for 23 years to obtain approval OF MASSACHUSETTS of the law. "For us it is a great honor as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUPPORT GROWS FOR THE REDUC­ Americans of Italian origin"-stated Con­ TION OF U.S. CONTRIBUTIONS TO gressman Rodino-"to come to Genoa bring­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 ing the greetings of President NiXon and the THE UNITED NATIONS Speaker of the House of Representatives Carl Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, last Octo­ Albert. Columbus Day will have a special ber 11, Federal employees celebrated a significance this year and large celebrations new national holiday, Columbus Day. HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG are in preparation in all American cities hav­ Many of those who enjoyed this new OF FLORIDA ing substantial Italian or Italian-American holiday may be interested in how it came IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES population; above all in those cities-and there are 14-which carry the name of Co­ to be added to the list of national holi­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 lumbus. If George Washington is for us days. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Americans the Father of our country, Colum­ An article in the September-October the people of America have expressed bus can be considered the Father of the im­ 1971 issue of the Bay State Postal Work­ grave concern over the recent ouster of migrants. With this holiday we intend to give er serves well, I think, to enlighten us Nationalist China from the United Na­ a new impulse to the Columbian spirit and on the origin of Columbus Day, and on specially to strengthen the wonderful bridge tions for, as a result of the China episode, of friendship and faternity which binds the the efforts of one particular man a de­ the future of the free world has become old world to the new. On Octolber 11 at Chi­ termined postal worker, Mr. Mitchell somewhat obscure. ca.go, October 6 at Washington, and also in Harb of Lawrence, Mass., to have his Of the 59 nations who defied the Unit­ New York, New Jersey and 100 other American dream of making Columbus Day a na­ ed States and voted to expel the Re­ cities Columbus Day will be celebrated with tional holiday become a reality. I would pu'blic of China, all but six have received great ceremonies." like to share this article with my col­ -q.s. ~oreign aid totaling over $47 bil­ The family of Congressman Rodino of the leagues. Democratic Party was from Avellino. The llon smce 1946. And while there are over family of the Congressman of Illinois, Frank The article follows: 125 nations participating in the United Annunzio, a member of the Banking and COLUMBUS DAY-WHO REALLY GOT Us THIS Na~ions with equal voting power, the Currency Committee, is originally from HOLIDAY? Umted States provides 31.52 percent of Cosenza but resident of Chicago. Speaking (By James Smyrnios) the operating costs of the United Nations with the typical accent of Italo-Americans, October 11, 1971, will be an additional paid and over 40 percent of the funds which he said "It's a hundred years since our papa­ Holiday this year for us as Postal Employees. it uses for special projects. rani, that is our grandfathers and great­ Since the passage of this Bill through Con­ In view of these alarming facts I feel grandfathers who came illiterate to America, gress, many Postal employees and Local lead­ have wished to honor Columbus because they t=.at it is definitely time for us to r~assess ers are claiming to be the one responsible for our priorities as a Nation and to reassess were proud of him." the passage of this Bill. The delegation met yesterday evening at the overgenerous contributions-contri­ Palazzo Spinola with the President of the Well there should be no doubt in anyone's butions which are made up of the Ameri­ Region Hon. Dagnino to whom Congressman mind, that the residents of Massachusetts and the members of the Knights of Colum­ can taxpayer's hard earned money­ Rodino delivered a personal letter from Pres­ from our Government to an organization ident Nixon and a framed reproduction of the bus were highly instrumental in obtaining law establishiing Columbus Day. "For a long passage of Columbus Day to be observed as a which has, in effect, slapped us in the time" wrote the President of the United National Holiday. face. Stat es, "we have particularly cherished the Hearing these various claims from Postal It is encouraging to note this feeling is ties between the US and the City of Genoa. I employees, I decided to do a little research shared by the Republican Party of Flor­ am particularly pleased that this message to work on this matter. This research has come ida which, on October 30, 1971, unani­ you can be carried by a distinguished goup of up with documented facts, that the Lawrence mously passed a resolution in support of American political leaders who are of Italian Local No. 366, in my opinion, played one of the most important roles in seeking and pro­ any move which would reduce the descent. They are eminently representative of U.S. contribution to the United Na­ that special part of our national heritage that moting the National observance of Columbus is Italian. These men embody the finest tra­ Day. tions. For the benefit of my fellow Con­ dition of America and they also take great Mitchell A. Harb, Past President, Lawrence gressmen, I am herewith including the pride in the cultural heritage of the land of Local No. 366, was possibly the key figure text of this resolution: their ancestors." President Dagnino on his amongst Postal Employees in Massachusetts in spearheading the drive for National ob­ RESOLUTION side stressed the "value of relations between Whereas, the Nixon Administration de­ USA and Italy" stating that "the example of servance of Columbus Day. For many years, Mitch submitted and resubmitted resolutions sires to curb inflation and one of the cures Columbus is a great light which enables us to for inflation is reduced spending, and understand our world better." through his Local to the State and National Most of the Congressmen who came to Gen­ Conventions for the observance of Columbus Whereas, the present trend in the Congress Day as a Na:tional Holiday. Through these of the United States is to cut back foreign oa are from the District of New York, Chi­ aid expenditures, and cago, Pittsburgh, New Jersey, and Connecti­ resolutions and the help of Congressman cut. All said they were impressed by the Brad Morse, Mitchell Harb has finally seen Whereas, the General Assembly of the "rhythm" which they found in Italy both in his long dream come a reality. United Nations violated its own charter by traffic and shops and by the reception and One only has to look at the Resolution expelling the Republic of China, since Chap­ the wonderful climate. submitted by the Lawrence Local at the 1962 ter II, Article VI of the Charter makes it Yesterday the Congressmen, accompanied State Convention in Lowell, Mass. illegal for the General Assembly to expel a member without the recommendation of the by their wives, were received at Palazzo Tursi RESOLUTION by representatives of the commune with rep­ Security Council, and resentatives of the Region and Province pres­ Whereas, the Commonwealth of Massa­ Whereas, even though each country in the ent. In tbe evening the group left Genoa chusetts, has legally adopted and accepted United Nations has one vote, the assessments for Milan from where they depart today for the observance of October 12th, Columbus for each nation are not so equal, for instance, the United States. In his address of farewell Day as a legal holiday, and whereas this date Albania with 2,000,000 people pays .04 per­ Dr. Carlo Pastorino, Vice President of the Re­ is partially observed by some Post Offices in cent of the United Nations budget; Cuba gional Assembly, recalled that "in the name the Commonwealth as a Holiday, by par­ with 8,000,000 people pays .16 percent; the of Columbus we should celebrate the initia­ tially closing the office hours, U.S.S.R. with 250,000,000 population pays tive of the great Genoese of the past and of Be it resolved, that in accordance with the 14.8 percent and the United States with the astronauts of today whose courageous en­ spirit intended by the State Legislature, that 204,000,000 people pays 31.52 percent, and deavor was accompanied by an advanced Columbus Day, Oct.ober 12th be recognized Whereas, the old adages, such as "no taxa­ technology but also by a will employed in a as a full State Holiday observed by all Post tion without representation" and "never bite politic of peace and understanding." Dr. Pas­ Offices in the Commonwealth. Services to the the hand that feeds you," are still remem­ torino concluded with the hope that "the po­ public to be suspended and that this date to bered in these United States o:f America, litical, economic and monetary decisions of be recognized as a Paid Holiday. therefore, be it the government of the United States as a I ask you now, is there any doubt in your Resolved, That the Republican Party of consequence of the monetary situation of mind, as to the fact, that the Massachusetts Florida supports and encourages those Re­ the entire world can be quickly overcome in Federation of Postal Clerks and the deter­ publican Congressmen and Senators of the a policy of progress." mined attitude of Mitchell Harb, played a United States Congress who are in favor of November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40827

and working to reduce the United States we can all thank dedicated scientists across Dr. Perry's enthusiasm and expertise contributions to the United Nations. the Nation for their outstanding contribu­ have been invaluable during the univer­ (Passed unanimously by the Republican tions to the progress against cancer. But we sity's formative period. Through his Party of Florida, in meeting assembled Octo­ in the Congress realize that the effort cannot ber 30, 1971.} be accomplished by the scientific community leadership the university has acquired alone. The role of dollars-in making prog­ an outstanding roster of nationally rec­ ress possible-is a fact of life in our society ognized educators to head its schools. which we all recognize. In this regard I think Dr. Perry is also a member of the U.S. the Congress has played a highly significant Commission for UNESCO. Speaking be­ HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD RECEIVES role. The recent appropriation for cancer re­ THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIE­ fore the United Nations Day Observance search is an excellent example. The voice of Dinner of the United Nations Associa­ TY'S AWARD FOR DISTINGUISHED the President, the scientific community and • SERVICE especially the American Cancer Society was tion of the United States of America, heard loud and clear by the Committee on Miami-Coral Gables chapter, Dr. Perry Appropriations. We on the Labor-HEW Sub­ announced he was recommending to U.N. HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE committee shared the Cancer Society's belief Secretary-General U Thant, recipient of OF PENNSYLVANIA in the urgent need to increase American can­ an honorary degree of international laws IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cer research capabilities and resources. We from FIU, a far-reaching program for shared the belie! that the time was in fact Wednesday, November 10, 1971 the international exchange of teachers. ripe to exploit the many new research leads Dr. Perry recommended: Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, last Sat­ recently uncovered by cancer scientists. We all can share a high degree of pride in That there be established by the United urday evening, our distinguished col­ the passage of the Second Supplemental Ap­ Nations, through UNESCO, one central world league and good friend, the Honorable propriation Bill, signed by the President on clearing house for the international exchange DANIEL J. FLOOD, received the cancer May 25, which is now providing an additional of teachers--a function aimed at world peace a ward of the American Cancer Society $100 Inillion to the national effort to conquer and the advancement of mankind, which are for distinguished service in the fight cancer. This additional $100 million, when the primary goals of the United Nations. against cancer at its annual meeting at ~dded to the regular appropriation for this year, gives the National Cancer Institute a While education was the main theme the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York of Dr. Perry's remarks, he also outlined City. current operating level o! $337.5 million; al­ most double the amount available only two the strengths and successes of the United Congressman FLOOD was so honored years ago. I think the Congress has made it Nations. I call his entire speech to the at­ for his outstanding leadership and his clear by its action that it stands ready to tention of our colleagues. These remarks consistent legislative support of note­ support cancer research to its fullest capacity. give a glimpse of Chuck Perry's insight worthy health measures, as well as his Once again may I say how pleased I am into international relations and the wholehearted dedication to the vital to accept this honor today from the Amer­ ican Cancer Society. Private support of can­ problems of education, and illustrate part programs of the National Cancer In­ of the reason Florida International Uni­ stitute. cer research, such as that provided by the American Cancer Society, has immeasurably versity and south Florida are so very Mr. Speaker, I wish to insert for the strengthened the national effort to fight this grateful for his leadership. RECORD a copy of Congressman FLoon's dreaded disease. The Cancer Society's vari­ The remarks follow: acceptance speech, for I believe it re­ ous programs of research, its extremely effec­ ADDRESS BY CHARLES E. PERRY affirms the commitment and the leader­ tive volunteer efforts, and its many programs ship that he has so often displayed in of public and professional education, make it We are gathered here tonight to observe the fight against cancer, as well as re­ an important partner in the national effort the occasion of United Nations Day. Similar to conquer cancer. gatherings are being held elsewhere, both flecting the commitment of all of us in in this country and throughout the world. Congress to cure this dread disease and Obviously, all of the people who attend to provide the best possible health care these meetings are supporters of the United for all of our citizens. CHARLES E. PERRY, PRESIDENT, Nations. One measure o! our support is the SPEECH BY CONGRESSMAN DANIEL J. FLOOD fact that we want this observance of UN FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNI­ Day to have the public recognition it de­ I am deeply honored to receive the Dis­ VERSITY tinguished Service Award today from the serves. But beyond that, I would hope-and I believe-that all of us are taking this oc­ American Cancer Society, and thank the casion to increase our own personal involve­ Legislative Committee for its flattering rec­ HON. DANTE B. FASCELL ment with the work and goals of the United ommendation. OF FLORIDA For more years than I care to remember, Nations. I have been profoundly interested in can­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the preamble to the charter of the United Nations, the signatory countries cer research. I have been fortunate for the Thursday, November 11, 1971 past several years to be Chairman of Labor­ pledged themselves to peace, human rights, HEW subcommittee of the House Committee Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, next fall justice and social and economic progress. on Appropriations, which has enabled me to Florida International University, Miami's True, these are ordinary word&-but the goals take an active role in the support of the first State-supported university, will ad­ they so briefly define are extraordinary in human history. What is even more signifi­ Federal cancer research effort. It is a role, mit its first students. As the first urban ladies and gentlemen, which I treat with cant is that the pledge was given not in the university in the State's system, FIU has name of any government or any country, the greatest respect. the opportunity to focus its programs in I th1nk we truly live in an exciting pe­ but, rather, in the specific words, "We, the riod-possibly the most exciting period in economics, political science, manage­ peoples of the United Nations ..." cancer research. I can recall that in 1945- ment, sociology, and education on the Not governments, not nations, not presi­ the year I first entered the House of Rep­ immediate Dade County community dents or prime ministers, but "the peoples." resentatives--some of the accomplishments which will serve as its laboratory. The The founders of the United Nations saw which we now accept as a matter of fact university will also play an important very clearly that the goals they were setting would have then been considered daydreams: forth could only be achieved by the united role in the development of the perma­ effort of the peoples of the world. And while the progress against leukemia, a disease nent international cultural and trade which causes more deaths among American the charter obviously refers to people in the children than any other illness; the progress center at the Interama site where its sec­ Inillions a.nd hundreds of millions and even against breast cancer, the major cancer killer ond campus will be located. billions, the word "peoples" also means us­ of wom1>n; and the advances in the treat­ Named as President of this new uni­ you and me. ment of Hodgkin's disease, a cruel killer of versity, with a projected enrollment of So, even though each of us is but one in­ young adults. 30,000, is Dr. Charles E. Perry. Dr. Perry, dividual, it is up to us as individuals to do Equall1ng heartening is the development at age 32, is one of the youngest college all that we can do to support and sustain of new detection techniques for breast can­ presidents in ·the Nation. A graduate of the United Nations; to be involved in its cer-and of immunologic techniques that work to the extent possible and to take its Bowling Green University in Ohio, Dr. successes-and its failures-as uniquely may detect intestinal cancer before symp­ Perry was named that school's admis- toms occur. Lung cancer prevention meas­ personal responsibilities. ures, such as your educational campaign sions director at the age of 23. He sub­ Here in South Florida, we have many op­ against cigarette smoking, will save many sequently came to Florida as an assistant portunities to become personally involved lives. Recent findings in virus research are to the chancellor of Florida's university in international affairs. Miami is rapidly likely also to play a significant role in cancer system, and was then appointed to the becoming an increasingly significant inter­ prevention. new presidency at FIU. national port of entry-a gateway both to 40828 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 and from the United States. The peoples of personally intervened to help divert the So­ cisco just 10 yea.rs ago tonight. It is a fairly the Americas flow through Miami all year viet ships while they were en route to Cuba. lengthy statement, but I think it bears re­ long-and so do citizens of many other na­ The United Nations also volunteered to send peating because it is hard to imagine that tions. an inspection team to Cuba, and it was anyone could say it more effectively: Many large business and banking organi­ Castro's refusal of that offer that cast him "In April, 1945, toward the end of hu­ zations now have their international head­ in the role of the would-be war-maker. manity's most terrible war, but before any quarters in this area. More will come. Certainly, the United Nations has not been man had seen the atomic age, the architects students from all parts of the world come equally successful in all its peacekeeping of peace met in San Francisco to complete here to study a.tour colleges and universities. efforts. But what is important is that there the design of a new dwelling house for the The businessmen, the students, the tour­ is an organization ready and able to attempt Family of Man. ists, the local population-which is con­ to keep the peace. It is quite likely that had "I was there during those golden weeks. stantly growing-all meet here. They mingle, the United Nations existed in 1914, those And no one who was will ever forget them. they interact, they impress and a.re impressed. two quick pistol shots which killed Arch­ It was a beginning. It was the morning­ And in this jet age, the same people are often duke Ferdinand and his wife might not fresh with the hope of a new day. here two and three times in a single year. For have led directly to the First World War. "But the house is now battered. It re­ many of them Miami is the United States of History relates that, despite all the threats sounds endlessly with family quarrels. There America. and statements and despite the mob1Uzation are cracks in the walls, and inside the cold I know that many of us who live in this in Germany and Russia, both the Kaiser and winds of war and danger and strife from community participate actively in the inter­ the Czar, to the very end of the last hour every quarter of the globe rattle the doors national sphere. I'm certain that some of you of the ultimatum, sought desperately for a and windows. And, as is usual in such cases, a.re active members of the Council for Inter­ way out. But there was no forum, no inter­ quite a number of the tenants are behind national Visitors which does such an excel­ national body, no place to go to still save in the rent. face-so the world was at war! lent job of people-to-people work with our "But the house is still standing, and I So much for war and peace. Important as visitors. This is also the headquarters for am far from downhearted. We will meet all they are, there is more to life than soldiers our problems and in time we will solve them "Operation Amigo" which has originated so and diplomats, and the United Nations is many productive student exchanges with in a way which is tolerable to the commu­ active on many fronts that the public seldom nity of nations and to our own purposes. La.tin America. and this effort involves many hears about. Next year in Stockholm, the UN of the people who live here. And the fa.ct that But it will be a slow game, and we are not will hold a conference on environmen-tal going to score a touchdown on every play ... many residents of this area have close family ,abuses. Every nation is now concerned about and business ties in other nations automati­ "I believe the ca.use of freedom and peace the deterioration of the environment-and has a glorious future in this world. And in cally brings all of us closer to becoming in­ it ls a problem that knows no borders and that future the United Nations will play a volved internationally. no political boundaries. Here is an ideal place mighty pa.rt. Let none of us mock its weak­ While I am not here to dell ver a report to for the United Nations to serve as a focus ness, for when we do we are mocking our­ you a.bout Florida International University, for increased knowledge and a pivot point selves. It is the hope of the world; a,nd our I think it is appropriate to say that our plan­ for meaningful internatlonal action. country's pride should be that we stood by ning has been designed from the inception to Do you know about UNRRA? This ls the the United Nations, the meeting house of the create a university with a major interna­ UN agency tha.t for a quarter-century has Family of Man, in its time of hardest trial." tional thrust and significant international stood between millions of refugt:es--or 86 So, for those who ma.y doubt-I ca.n only programs and participation. The University we now call them, "stateless persons"-and echo Mr. Stevenson's comments. will have as pa.rt of its core a Center for In­ extinction. There are 63 of these special UN Now I come to an international subject ternational Affairs which will provide an camps in the Middle East alone where they which is nearest to my hea.rt---education. over-all focus for our internationally-ori­ serve as the only home for better than half And, 1.'ll the interest of world peace and ented programs. a million people. progress, I am prepared tonight to suggest a In addition to what goes on at the Uni­ You have probably heard about UNICEF, new role for the United Nations in education. versity itself, we shall be able to play an im­ but did you know that this UN Agency has Before I make my proposal, however, I feel portant pa.rt in the development of the per­ vaccinated more than a quarter-billion of it is necessary to delve briefly, but deeply, manent international cultural and trade cen­ the world's children against tuberculosis. into history. Please be&" with me for a mo­ ter that will surround our second campus at UNICEF is active in 115 countries and it is ment. Intera.ma. That will also be the site of Greater performing miracles this very minute for More than 2,000 years ago, Kyan-Tsu Miami's official role as one of the four cities more than 55 million children and their (Kee-yan-Soo), the Chinese philosopher, selected by the president to celebrate this na­ mothers. ls reported to have said: tion's Bicentennial in 1976. Through the UN development program, 137 "When planning for a year, sow corn. When But, above all, the University is committed of the world's "have-not nations" have taken planning for a decade, plant trees. When to supporting the goals of the United Na­ the first, difficuLt steps toward the economic planning for life, .train and educate people." tions. And, as supporters of the United Na­ development they must have to survive­ More recently-just about 300 years a.go-­ tions, each of us has at one time or another and to remain peaceful. A number of the Moravian Bishop Johann Amos Comenius was been called upon to account for the supposed poor nations wanted no part of bilateral en­ thinking along the same line, and had an lack of progress of the United Nations. The tanglements, so they were pleased to partici­ idea. which he felt would lead to world peace. most common question is, "Well, what has pate in this "bootstrap-operation" under He viewed education as a bridge to better un­ United Nations auspices. derstanding, and urged tha,t it be organized the United Nations accomplished, what has it and promoted on ain international scale. done in a. period of 25 years?" I don't want to turn this into a statistical The Bishop's idea, spa.wned in an era of The first and most obvious answer is that review, but I could go on for hours reciting poor communications, we.s slow in moving in no less than 70 cases involving either an facts and figures to prove beyond question into the world stream. The catholic Church, outright breach of world peace or the threat that the world is a better place-and that of course, has been involved in international it has prospects of becoming considerably of such a breach, the UN has been of direct education for centuries, but it wa1S not until and significant help in world peacekeeping. better than it is now-as a result of the work 1904 that two countries, Great Britain and In a shrlnklng world, where even the smallest of the United Nations. And not only the France, established an exchange system for conflict carries with it the ultimate threat of world we live in-the world of outer space teaching asslSta.nts. Then, in 1925, the Inter­ nuclear extinction, this is no small achieve­ that we are exploring also. The United Na­ national Bureau of Education was created, ment. tions has drafted the two major treaties that and it is today the oldest international orga­ Beyond those 70 clearly identifiable in­ are now in effect to regulate the peaceful nization concerned with education. cidents. the United Nations has for a. qua.rter­ uses of outer space. Great impetus to the Bishop's 17th Cen­ century served as a forum where nations And beyond the achievements, beyond the tury idea was given in 1946 with the estab­ can state their case, make their arguments, facts and figures, is the example set by the lishment of UNESCO-the United Nations and. yes, on occasion vent their spleen at United Nations. Merely by existing, merely Educational, Scientific and Cultural Orga­ one another. But far better to be the victim by being there, it has encouraged men of nization. The fact that the headquarters of of a belligerent speech than the victim of an good will to move ahead. The principles em- both UNESCO and the International Bureau armed attack. bodied in the United Nations Declaration of of Education were located in Western Europe Those of us who live in South Florida can Human Rights are now included in the con­ acted as a stimulus to international educa­ relate that very personally to the events of stitutions of no less than 43 separate tional activities. More important, the two the Cuban missile crisis a few short yea.rs nations. organizations got together in 1950 at Ge­ ago. All of us have had the experience of hear­ neva, and submitted to the ministries of In that instance the United Nations joined ing the United Nations criticized, sometimes education recommendations that encouraged with the United States and with the Orga­ justly, sometimes unjustly, and all of us international understanding by having ma­ nization of American States in asserting the have wanted to reply. There can, I think, be jor programs for the interchange of teachers rule of inerna.tional law. The UN provided no better reply than the words of Adlai and urged that other similar programs be the forum in which the facts became known Stevenson before the American Association established to promote international peace to the entire world. The Secretary-General for the United Nations meeting in San Fran- and progress. November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40829' West Germany was quick to recognize the able to handle this situation. Consequently, peoples from all parts of the world create importance of teacher exchanges in foster­ I am ta.king the opportunity of this occasion this kind of monumental achievement? ing better understanding, and, by 1952, had to make public my recommendation for such In April of 1945, Franklin D. Roosevelt was established them with various countries. The a system-, although as a member of the at Warm Springs, ta.king a brief rest before National Education Association has informed United States Commission for UNESCO, I addressing himself to the problems of the me that West Germany is still actively re­ have already officially asked the Secretary coming peace and to the organization of the cruiting teachers from other countries. General of the United Nations to implement United Nations. Worn out physically, ex­ France acted, largely in its own orbit. By the idea. The recommendation is: hausted mentally, from the burden of leader­ 1967, 21,500 teachers from France were em­ That there be established by the United ship he had shouldered for so many critical ployed in the schools of Algeria, Morocco Nations, through UNESCO, one central world years, this man was stlll the supreme and Tunisia, and another 6,000 were scat­ clearing house for the international exchange optimist. tered throughout 12 tropical African states of teachers-a. function aimed at world peace Seeing not simply the depths to which man and Madagascar. and the advancement of mankind, which are had fallen, he looked equally upon the Recently, the Soviet Union has been en­ the primary goals of the United Nations. heigh ts to which he was certain we had 1.t gaged in a wide range of international edu­ When the United Nations was established in our power to rise. And he set down these cation programs, including teacher ex­ in 1945, such a world clearing house for the words as part of a speech he was soon to changes. In one short year, 1,500 Soviet ed­ exchange of teachers might not have been give: ucators went abroad for 150 short-term practical, but, with computer and other tech­ "The only limit to our realization of to­ reciprocal visits. Communist countries were nological advances, I submit that it can be morrow will be our doubts of today. Let us mostly involved, although non-Communist done today. move forward with strong and active faith." nations were included. Adding to the urgency for the need of such Death overtook President Roosevelt before At the 1969 Assembly of the World Con­ a clearing house is the fact that, for the he could speak these words, but they a.re as federation of Organizations of the Teaching first time in the history of the United true today as they were then. They summon Profession, Sir Ronald Gould, the president, States, there is a surplus of teachers in many us all to the work tha'; must be done, to the declared that "we must urge the develop­ fields. And with so many persons in the world tasks that must be accomplished, if we are ment of teacher visits and exchanges, and in need of more educational assistance, the to survive in peace on this small space ship with them exchanges in ideas." He cited idea of a surplus of teachers-anywhere-is called Earth. "the pioneer work so brilliantly commenced ridiculous. by Canada which has sent a considerable Surpluses of both wheat and knowledge in number of capable, experienced teachers to a world with under-nourished and under­ provide in-service training for our colleagues educated people should not be tolerated. Cer­ THE PACE OF MIDEAST DIPLOMACY in the poor countries." tainly better understanding and better living For the last quarter-century, an increasing in the world can come only by eliminating number of United States colleges and univer­ the surplus of ignorance. HON. ROBERT H. STEELE sities have been managing programs for the In the United States, with its nation-wide OF CONNECTICUT sending of professors and students abroad surplus of teachers, regional clearing houses and/or bringing their counterparts to cam­ to assist the United Nations may be neces­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES puses in the United States. Today, moce sary. America's colleges and universities are Wednesday, November 10, 1971 than 20 percent of our colleges and univer­ particularly geared to serve in this capacity. sities are engaged in such programs. Certainly, Florida International University, Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ Two-thirds of the current programs in­ at the gateway between the two Americas, ing editorial from today's Washington volve European countries, but significant is would volunteer its services in this regard Post persuasively states the case for pro­ the fact that there has been an increase for Latin America. The nation's colleges and viding Phantom jets to Israel without in programs on other continents. About 15 universities could also be utilized for inten­ further delay: percent of the programs are now in Latin sive work for teachers in foreign languages, America, more than five percent-in the Mid­ and for the specialized programs to prepare THE PACE OF MIDEAST DIPLOMACY dle East and Africa, and more than six per­ teachers for an international assignment. "I shall not a:1ow 1971 to pass without the cent in Asia. Throughout the years, the United Nations, battle (with Israel) being resolved, either The international educational and ex­ despite its frustrations and setbacks, has by war or by peace," Egypt's President Sadat change programs related to the Fulbright successfully been a clearing house for many said July 23. But of course he will. Peace by Act, started in 1949, have enabled more than differences and conflicts. But what I am year's end is out of the question: nobody's 125,000 students, teachers, university profes­ suggesting now is an educational clearing ready to compromise. And there is, by Mid­ sors and advanced researchers to study and house aimed at reducing the differences and east standards, no more than routine danger teach outside their native lands-in more conflicts. of war. than 130 different countries. The United Nations has seen this clearly Israel, enjoying both the possession of The Peace Corps, born in 1961, has sent from the beginning. The Constitution of Egyptian territory and an American-made thousands of young American volunteers to UNESCO says it in these words: "Since wars cease-fire, simply has no logical incentive for other countries, with ha.If of these volun­ begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds war. Some partisans of President Sadat insist teers directly engaged in teaching and the of men that the defenses of peace must be that he is the prisoner of his rhetoric and other half in educationally related areas. constructed." cannot much longer hold his champing army There are many other international teacher back, but his record belies that belittling exchange programs. In fact, UNESCO has What I have suggested tonight is, hope­ judgment. Since replacing Gamal Nasser, he issued a booklet containing information on fully, a new and better way of moving to con­ has undone a serious political challenge, agencies and organizations in 83 countries struct those defenses in the minds of men turned his people's attention toward domes­ concerned in one way or another with the throughout the world. tic reform, and made more effective arrange­ recruitment of staff for teaching assign­ We must all remember that we live-­ ments with Russia for the defense of Egypt ments abroad. I have mentioned only a few especially those of us who dwell in the more against Israeli air strikes. The result is that to point out that much ls being done in advanced nations of the world-amid tech­ he is freer than ever from a compulsion to this area-end ls being done well with untold nological and scientific breakthroughs that lead Egypt to a fourth defeat, as the experts dividends in better international under­ have come upon us so rapidly that they pose agree another war would be. A policy combin­ standing. grave difficulties in their handling. Growth ing ardent slogans and prudent acts seems But now I come to my crucial point. Sup­ versus environment, mass employment versus to suit his diverse political needs. Certainly pose you are trained as a teacher-ere adept automation, food surpluses in one nation that's better than the other way a.round. in several languages or are willing to take versus st.arvation in another-all these a.re The attitude of the superpowers is also studies to learn another language--how do problems that must be solved in the minds relevant. Moscow, by agreeing to receive Mr. you become a participant in a teacher ex­ of men before they can be solved anywhere Nixon next May, has in effect said it won't change program? else. precipitate a Mideast collision before then. For the average person, the answer to that The peoples of the world-the peoples men­ Moreover, the deeper the Russians penetrate question is a most difficult and puzzling one. tioned in the preamble to the United Na­ into the Egyptian mllitary, the more they Recently, a young woman, who holds a mas­ tions Charter-are keenly aware of the presumably discover its inadequacies relative ter's degree in education, but has been doing multitude of problems. And through effective to Israel. Moscow could compensate by as­ secretarial work at Florida International Uni­ international education programs-enhanced suming an even larger direct combat role versity because she has been unable to get a by the development of the international than it had before the cease-fire started in job ln her field, made many telephone calls teacher exchange clearing house-we can August, 1970, but that would involve political to different organizations in Washington, and will solve the problems facing mankind. and military risks it can hardly wish to ac­ D.C., and New York, asking about the pos­ But the question may still be asked. Can cept before next May. Soviet policy comes sibilities of teaching in another country. The the United Nations, which ls only 26 years down to waiting. answers were indefinite and confusing. And, old, perform its mission of peace and prog­ Waiting for what? For the United States upon further investigation, I found that ress? Can the United Nations do what we to force Israel to withdraw to pre-1967 bor­ there ls no single centralized system avail- ask of it? Can any organization made up of ders on terms acceptable to Egypt. The U.S. 40830 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 wants a settlement in a hurry: there lie nization, but also a top-notch gentleman about seceding to form a new all white town easier relations with ·the Kremlin, political and scholar. (I insist on saying nice things to be called Ohio City." rewards in 1972. To a settlement pressed about you, Ed, because you're a good Slove­ And we also hear, from the Washington by Washington, however, Israel prefers a nian friend of my boss, Congressman John Post of November 3-the day after the elec­ peace fashioned with Egypt. In pursuit of a Blatnik, the Chairman of the Public Works tion: made-in-America settlement, Secretary Rog­ Committee) . "Cleveland's housing is dilapidated. The ers is trying to compromise Egyptian-Israeli And thank you, gentlemen of the Cleve­ Cuyahoga River is filthy. "Packs of vicious differences. The Egyptians stand firm, so the land Men's Club, for inviting me here and dogs are said to roam some neighborhoods." compromises now all involve Israeli con­ giving me absolute authority to make a Thait's what you read about Cleveland cessions. In an interim settlement, Mr. Rog­ speech in Washington, D.C., my first full­ these days. That's what an outsider sees­ ers argues, Israel should let Egyptian forces fledged effort since my arrival in the capital or hears-when he visits the city. Thall;'s our cross the Suez Canal, accept a certain time last January. As you people know there is an image now-and you can see how much we've limit on the cease-fire, and agree to move on unwritten rule around here that freshmen lost--what the country thinks now about to complete withdrawal from Sinai. To over­ Congressmen are supposed to be seen and not that area that we used to call boastfully "the come Israel's reluctance to accept these heard-but that if they find it impossible to best location in the nation." points, the United States ls Withholding keep quiet, and if they MUST make a speech, And whaJt; about the spirit of Cleveland­ Phantoms, which are militarily, politically they had better find a more congenial forum the Cleveland that used to pride itself on and psychologically Israel's critical weapon. than the House floor, where the duty of a being, if you will, a miniature United Na­ The pressure is not working. American good freshman is to sit and listen, with his tions-the home of a people enriched by so undercutting of its negotiating position while hands folded. many races, religions, and nationality groups; cutting off its Phantoms has stirred Israel's I won't say I've been muzzled. Every now where cultural pluralism prevailed and was deepest fears and alarms and has frozen its and then, I do sneak in a word or two-but encouraged-in fact, gloried in-while at the Mideast diplomacy. The way to thaw it ls then I stop when I realize that no one is same time unity was achieved. Where is for the United States to open the Phantom listening. This is especially hard to take for that Cleveland? pipeline-what goes through it may not be a graduate of the Cleveland City Council That Cleveland, my friends-and I tell it so important as Israel's knoWing that it's where-I'm sure I don't have to tell you to you straight out, because you already open-and to back off and let Egypt and this-the First Amendment is fully exploited know it--is gone. Something rather ugly has Israel reach toward each other at their own wl..th freedom of speech guaranteed to the taken its place. It's a Cleveland broken into pace. councilmen of all 33 wards and exercised on three parts-a black part where black people occasion, in the heat of controversy, by all 33 live, many of them in misery, many of them simultaneously. defiant because of it, and nearly all of them Now that you've given me the floor, Matt, hostile to the whites living across the street REPRESENTATIVE JAMES V. STAN­ I refuse to relinquish it. I'm going to warm and across the river. There's also a slightly TON'S CALL FOR UNITY TO SOLVE up, and train for that first speech I am going larger white part of Cleveland, where white CLEVELAND'S PROBLEMS to give some day on Capitol Hill, as soon as people live, good people and hard-working I get enough seniority. people, many of them also in need, who have In the meantime I ask you as fellow come to believe that they must resist the HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING Clevelanders to give me a break, and bear growing black population and its political OF OHIO with me. power. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I promise not to take too long, but I do We needn't go into the reasons, at least not have something important to say. I'd like here, for this mutual hostllity. Whether the Wednesday, November 10, 1971 to talk with you about Cleveland-the city reasons are good or bad or unjustified, the Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, to­ that all of us feel an attachment for-the fact is that they EXIST. And both sides know city that brings us together around this that this situation is tearing Cleveland apart. day our colleague, JIM STANTON, ad­ splendid luncheon table-the place where And, my friends, there's a THIRD part of dressed the Cleveland Men's Club of each onP. of us got our start in life-and Cleveland-the suburban part. You can Washington on the future of his home the community that, I trust, none of us will put a capital "S" on that. Today we have sub­ city of Cleveland, Ohio. Because of Mr. ever turn our backs on. burbanites who hardly ever enter the city any STANTON'S important role in the affairs I haven't been away from there so long­ more, even though their livelihood ultimate­ of Cleveland and the importance of the really not at all. I've been going back there ly depends on the city. They too feel alien­ suggestion he has made, his statement nearly every weekend, as part of my job. I've ated. The sad fact is that they sometimes been in touch as some of you perhaps have­ pat themselves on the back for having­ will be of interest, not only to the peo­ n't, and I can report to you--or repeat to ple of Cleveland and surrounding com­ quote--"escaped," even though the truth is you-what you've already heard. The city that they haven't escaped at all. For the munities, but to Members of Congress has changed, and not for the best. The old problems of the city splll over into the from other large metropolitan areas with neighborhoods have dispersed, or they are suburbs, and catch up to the people who have similar problems. well along in the process of being shattered. fled there. Representative STANTON has offered to Freeways have displaced the homes where Gentlemen, we have just come through a work with Cleveland's new mayor, Ralph you and your parents or grandparents used mayoral election that reflects this division Perts, and with all other local officials, to Iive. The lake is filthy, and the air is of Cleveland into three parts. I'll be blunt fouled. about it. Ralph Perk, who won the election­ to promote a new spirit of unity. He has But there are two changes that are worse also proposed a new caucus of the four and I do not say this unkindly about him­ than all the others purt together. The spirit was, whether he liked it or not, the U.S. Representatives from Cleveland to of Cleveland has changed, and its image has candidate of the white part, and I hope he's collaborate on matters affecting Cleve­ dhanged. not stuck with being the mayor of just the land. Earlier this year, the four Demo­ The image I'm referring to is the national white part. Arnold Pinkney, also because of cratic and three Republican Representa­ reputation that Cleveland once had-as the disruptive forces that were greater than he tives from the Cleveland and Akron breedin(! ground of political progressives like was, was the candidate of the black part. And metropolitan areas formed the North­ Mayor Tom L. Johnson; as the home base of Jim Carney, the duly nominated Democratic eastern Ohio Congressional Council to financial titans like John D. Rockefeller; as candidate whom I, as a Democrat, later sup­ work together on matters affecting the the community so full of compassion that ported, was in many respects the candidate it gave birth to the combined charities con­ of the suburban part, draWing much of his entire region. It seems to me that Rep­ cept, which other cities have long since support from the downtown interests whose resentative STANTON'S proposed Cleveland copied, but not as successfully, in the form promoters live in the suburbs. The simple caucus could make an effective contribu­ of, say Washington, D.C.'s United Givers fact ls that Ralph Perk won because there tion working within the seven-man re­ Fund. Cleveland had its troubles in those are more whites than blacks in the city; gional council to advance the interests days too--even when we could boast of a Arnold Pinkney lost because there are LESS of all the people of Cleveland. Harold Burton, a Lou Boudreau, and a blacks than whites; and Jim Carney lost be­ George Szell-but somehow we managed to cause, in spite of a sizable vote from the res- The text of Representative STANTON'S keep our troubles to ourselves, and, outside speech follows: idents of the city, which was a tribute to his of Cleveland, nobody heard much about hard work, many of his more ardent advo­ TEXT OF REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE JAMES them. cates lived in the suburbs and coUldn't vote V. STANTON But what do we hear today about Cleve­ for him from that refuge of theirs. Thank you, Matt De More, for that fine land? We hear this-and I quote from the Well, now that I've unburdened myself introduction and biography-which I admit Rowland Evans and Robert Novak column of here--articulatlng what I'm sure you men was fully authorized-and boldy conceived­ October 29, on the eve of the mayoral elec­ have been thinking as well-where do we­ by my highly objective ofilce staff. tion: where does Cleveland go from here? And thank you, Ed Seitz. You are not only "Racial polarization ls typified by mur­ I know where we ought to go. We ought the unofficial Secretary-for-life of this orga- murings in Cleveland's white neighborhoods to break up that stre~ brawl we've plunged November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40831 ourselves into, and we ought to start mov­ encies. I would continue to owe my first people back home, looking on, might be ing. Together down a new street where we loyalty to the 2oth Congressional District. better able to perceive that their own best can recapture the old Cleveland spirit, and The people who live in that pant of Greater interest could be served by a good dose of restore our once enviable national image. Cleveland are the people who elected me, ecumenicism at the municipal level as well. I know that is Ralph Perk's goal-and good and I would never yield in my prtma.ry rep­ Frankly, I float this here as a trial Republican thait HE is, and good Democrat resentation of them. Nor would I expect my balloon-for what I hope is the good of Cleve­ that I am-I want to help him all I can­ colleagues to. do other than the same with land. I have not floated the idea in advance for Cleveland's sake. In his quest for respect to their own districts. to the members of the Cleveland Caucus, be­ unity on a high plane, he has my support. But the plain faots remains, as my good cause at this time, of course no such Caucus We can retaiin our political differences but friend and your trustee, Bob Crater of the exists. The fact is that, in my time here in still work together toward the common goal, Press, has told me so often-and I doubt Washington, there has been not even one as all Clevelanders should while maintaining that anyone in Oleveland would challenge formal meeting of the four of us. I under­ their own differences--ethnlc, racial and re­ it--thait there are concerns which the four stand no such meeting ever took place, either, ligious, as well as polLtical. of us, and our four districts, do sha.re--issues before I got here--or even before Bill Min­ Yet, my friends, what must be done in on which there is likely to be una.nim.ilty any­ shall or Charley Vanik or Louis Stokes got Cleveland is the awsome responsibility way. Where there is such unanimity, it could here. I suppose this stems from the fact that that Ralph Perk is charged with. He's the be formalized through the oa.ucus--and the four of us, and our predecessors, were mayor. HE has the initiative there. Much as thereby enhanced. elected from different constituencies not I and my colleagues here would like to help For example, I don't think we could ever having greatly helped each other and there­ him, there's a limit to what we can do in aohieve a unit rule which would bind the fore owing nothing to ea.ch other afterwa.rd. Cleveland. Tha.t is a hard political fact. four of us on partisan issues or matters of But the fact that there has been no history And yet, as a Congressman from Cleve­ conscience. But there's no doubt in my mind of partnership and oollaboration needn't land, I am not pretending that I am alto­ that we could achieve a united front on prevent us, in my opinion, from turnhi.g the gether helpless. There IS something that I those matters which affect Cleveland as a page and starting a new chapter in our rela­ can do here in Washington, D.C. There is whole, if not the nation as a whole. Let me tionship. something that my colleagues can do here. suggest a. few: I hope you'll agree, and I'll be happy right What WE can do in Washington-my col­ The four of us would have no trouble now to answer any of your questions. But leagues and I-is something thrut I don't agreeing on the need for additional federal first there is one thought that I'd like to think any of us-or our predecessor-have aid for: impart to you people, as members of the ever done before. Whalt; we can do is set an Clevelrand crimefighting projects; for the Cleveland Men's Club. It seems to me, that example for the people back home. Port of Cleveland; for cleaning up the lake this organization could play a role of its Tha.t is to say, we--the four of us-could and the river; for developing the two air­ own in this effort. You gentlemen here all start working together right here. I sub­ ports; for expanding the mass transit sys­ feel some loyalty to Cleveland too, or you mit that the best way for us to bring our tem; for modernizing mail delivery; for wouldn't be here. And it occurs to me that people together is for the four of us-Bill boosting the city's economy with public you a.re spread out in various positions in the Minshall, Charley Vanik, Louis Stokes and works projects; for expanding medical re­ federal government, and in other organiza­ myself-to come together ourselves. I sug­ search in Cleveland-and other types of re­ tions in Washington, where you have picked gest, in other words, that if true unity can't search; for establishing more park land along up a great deal of experience and specialized be achieved immediately in Cleveland, at the river and more open space throughout knowledge that could benefit Cleveland. I least it can be established instantly, pain­ the city; and for strengthening our cultural wonder whether, should the Cleveland lessly-and really wilth no trouble at all-in institutions and our institutions of higher Caucus come into being, you people could Washington, where the four Congressmen education. serve as a sort of informal advisory group representing Greater Cleveland work another The list, as you can see, could go on and on. for us--giving us the benefit of Y'our expertise, street, playing-if you will-another ball On these matters, Cleveland competes with feeding us information and, in general, en­ game. Butt we do have a game going here other cities for federal largesse. But should couraging us t.o keep going. I would suggest, that all Cleveland does watch, and hope­ the four Cleveland Congressmen compete if you don't mind my saying so, that you DO fully we can give our constituents something with each other for influence with the federal owe that much to the city that brought you to emulate. bureaucracy, and for the public credit which here.-Now, thank you very much and I'll If you'll bear wilth me, lett me blunt again. stems from such presumed influence? try to answer your questions. I represent one part of Cleveland, Louis Or in a situation that is more common, Stokes represents another part. Charley should we each go our own way, ignoring or Vanik and Bill Minshall eacil has a piece of not knowing what each of us is doing to get TREATMENT OF NARCOTICS AD­ Cleveland, but they also have large suburban the federal departments to help our city? I constituencles. Three Of us a.re Democrats, ask you: Wouldn't it be far better if the four DICTS IN THE DISTRICT OF CO­ one is a Republica.n. Three of us are white, Of us were to meet together under the aus­ LUMBIA one is black. If I'm not mistaken two of us pices of the Cleveland oaucus, work out a are Catholics, two a.re Protestaillts. I'm Irish joint strategy-and then make our approach wilth a lo$ Of ethnic COll$1tituents, Charley is to the bureaucracy as a TEAM, either by HON. DON EDWARDS an ethnic with a lot of Jewish constituents.­ going in person to see the federal official in­ OF CALIFORNIA Need I go on? The point is that au of us volved, or by shooting off a. letter signed by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are Americans, and beyond thrut, we're all the four of us? We could also testify as a Clevelanders. This diversity among the four group before committees on Capitol Hill. Wednesday, November 10, 1971 of us reflects the diversity of our larger com­ It seems to me that the administration Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. munity-and that diversity can again be­ might yield t.o us at least now and then if Speaker, there appeared in the Wash­ come our greatest strength if it rises, as it we were to show them that here is a big-city used to in Cleveland, to the plateau of unity. Congressional delegation that has learned t.o ington Post of November 9, 1971, an edi­ So my proposal is that the four Cleve­ work together-and that CIOuld be counted on torial on the District of Columbia's Nar­ land Congressmen come together in what to stick together until its goal is cotics Treatment Administration. In I suggest, could be called a Cleveland achieved. My friends, I can tell you from my view of the controversy surrounding this caucus-a formal structure for the four of legislative experience that four lawmakers program and in light of the great impor­ us, in which unity would become institution­ can be four times as insistent as one law­ tance of narcotics treatment efforts, I alized-hopefully, in fact, surviving all four maker-and four times more difficult to commend this editorial to the attention of us. Anyone elected to succeed each of us placate. of every Member of Congress: would automatically take the open chair in Another thing that the Cleveland Caucus the Cleveland Caucus, which would be a could do would be to provide a central point ZEROING IN ON WASHINGTON'S DRUG PROBLEMS continuing body. The Caucus chairmanship of contact for the legislative representative In a bureaucratically short span of 21 could rotate among the four of us--say, every that Ralph Perk might want to send down months, Washington has made waves with three months or, perhaps, every six months. here on the city's behalf. The Caucus would its rapidly expanding anti-heroin efforts, And we could start it on the basis Of senlor­ set up procedural machinery through which having established and built up its Narcot­ i ty, as we do everything else a.round here. he could act. ics Treatment Administration into one of The oa.ucus could meet at the ca.II Of the And we could also work out the same sort the nation's largest treatment programs for chair. But in between these formal m.eetings, of relationship with Herb Jolovitz, Governor addicts. As we noted a month ago, NTA has our staff members could get together quietly Gilligan's representative in Washington. In moved from treating 150 addicts at its incep­ and more frequently-perhaps every week. that way, we could help Ohio in its problems tion la.st year to a new reorganization and It would be their job to search out the issues with the bureaucracy, and the state could expansion plan aimed at reaching 5,500 of the and other ma.titers that we are likely to agree help Cleveland. city's roughly estimated 17,000 heroin ad­ on and act in concert on. I say to you, members of the Cleveland dicts by next sum.mer. Now, again, I'm. not at all suggesting 'that Men's Club, in all sincerity, that 1f the four Given the proportions and complexities of we surrender our legitimate differences, or of us were to begin pursuing a common cause heroin addiction here and elsewhere in this that we abandon our individual constitu- through the Cleveland Caucus, that our country, NTA's swift start has won generally 40832 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 high marks in medical and law enforce­ that, a.side from being six months old, was It is particularly interesting that the ment circles as an impressive initial effort meant merely to illustrate problems con­ Detroit Free Press is backing the Presi­ to get a grip on one of the community's nected with the computer tabulation of dent on this issue because the Free Press ugliest and least researched problems. Yet weekly patient :flow. throughout this period of rapid growth, c:lty Thus the weekly figures on "new" patients normally is antiadm.inistration. The Free officials have been careful to emphasize that included former patients returning for Press sets forth its reasons for support­ NTA's accomplishments constitute only one treatment in a given week, while not reflect­ ing the President on retroactive pay part of an uncharted course toward a real ing any "dropouts" who may not have re­ raises in an editorial published November solution to the ms brought on by heroin. quired further treatment. "The figures by 6, 1971. I commend a reading of this edi­ The operative word in this effort has themselves don't indicate the quality of the torial to all of my colleagues. The edi­ been---.and still is-treatment, for as NTA program, anyway," said Mr. Rosenfeld, who torial follows: Director Dr. Robert L. DuPont has said re­ had asked that his memo not be aired, and peatedly, his agency does not claim to be certainly not held up as evidence of any CONGRESS Is UNDERMIN:ING THE POWER OF curing its thous,ands of patients, or even re­ sensational failure on the p.art of NTA. PHASE ll habilitating them to any remarkable extent. Besides, he said, "this was not research, When all the overzealous dentists in Con­ Basically, NTA's achievement has been to simply an interpretation. Actually, it showed gress get through, Phase II of the Nixon eco­ attract heroin addicts (three-quarters of a normal pattern for a treatment program nomic program won't have enough teeth left them are volunteers) to a set of :flexible of this nature, which is not selective . . . the to take care of the Thanksgiving turkey. treatment programs that can get them off advantage of NTA is that it takes anybody The latest bit of tooth-yanking came heroin. who comes in the door, it reaches more peo­ Thursday, when the House Banking Commit­ In the bulk of cases, it has meant getting ple; but addicts are unstable human beings. tee voted to direct the President and his Pay them "on" another controversial, addictive Furthermore, it is not unusual to have a Board to allow retroactively those raises drug: methadone. But unlike heroin, metha­ high dropout rate on the adolescent level. denied during the present freeze. It is fair to done does not produce a "high" when ta.ken Despite all this, NTA has done an immense say, as the President did, that this will "seri­ orally, and can allow the treated patient to a.mount of good." ously jeopardize" the attempt to enforce work and to lead a more normal social exist­ The television report also quoted Dr. Du restraint in Phase II. ence if-and it's a big if-the patient has Pont as having stated, "in a written response It may also be fair to say that the admin­ the desire and opportunity to do so. In short, to a WTOP question," that "only 17 per cent istration has invited this kind of interven­ NTA's objective, whether through a metha­ of patients-just under 600--had been in as tion by waffling on its own commitment to done treatment program or a straight with­ long as a year." Well, again, a look at the restraint. The question of retroactivity seems drawal and abstinence plan, is to offer im­ written response showed that 17 per cent o:f to us to be a threat to the stabilization pro­ mediate results in stabilizing the heroin ad­ those in treatment August 15 had been in gram whoever does it. How can retroactive dlct's chronic inabllity to function in a self­ NTA programs since before August, 1970, but pay raises be granted without opening up the supportive way. that another 16 per cent had stayed in the need for compensating price increases? At the outset, Dr. DuPont noted, however, program from between nine months and If retroactive raises are granted, are ret­ that any otncla.l attempt to make a dent on nearly a year at that point. That makes 33 roactive price increases to be allowed? Of the heroin problem was bound to encounter per cent-or more than 1,100 patients-with course not; it cannot be done. But the gov­ misconceptions and false expectations-nat­ good track records. And the worst attendance ernment would assuredly be :forced to allow ural offshoots of panic over the drug problem was for those not in methadone programs. compensating price increases in Phase II. or byproducts of the inevitable chaos in any At any rate, without going into some of Profits margins are already depressed. hurry-up effort to deal wtih a scary situation. the other findings (such as the fact that some Phase II cannot be as rigid as the initial For example, he warned that "methadone methadone patients occasionally sneak freeze. Some fiexibillty is in order, on both certainly is not a panacea. We stlll have the heroin on the side, or find a way to cheat on wages and prices. old problems of jobs, race, heroin supply and their urine tests), it is dangerous to under­ If the program is not tough across the so on. This ls only part of the attack. There cut public and financial support of anti­ board, though, it will quickly breakdown. remains the need to stop illegal drug traffic." heroin programs on the basis of certain The country must escape the inflation trap In addition, Dr. DuPont has stressed, much shortcomings that the director readily ac­ it has been in over the past several years. It more research needs to be done not only on knowledges, or on the grounds that the pro­ cannot move effectively to create new jobs it methadone treatment over the long run, but grams are falling to convert the city's street there is no wage-price stability. on the results of other anti-heroin programs. addicts into productive, solid citizens. Congress puts itself in a peculiar position To this end, NTA has been publishing regular Just as our police departments have never through actions such as the House commit­ patient performance studies. been expected to "cure" crime, a city's young tee's. It was Congress, after all, which gave Dr. Jerome H. Jaffe, director of President efforts to cope with heroin addiction cannot the President the power to impose controls Nixon's :newly created special action efforts be expected to "cure" 17,000 addicts, when on the economy. The Democrats dared him to for drug abuse prevention, has praised this past rehabilltat1on programs have failed to use the power, thinking it a safe bluff. He aspect of the local agency's work, noting in demonstrate spectacular progress on this called the bluff, and the freeze affords the .a letter to Dr. DuPont that "NTA research in­ score. To be sure, NTA is not a flawless opera­ best chance we have had in some time to t o the dimensions and characteristics of the tion, nor is that of the police department. restore a measure of stability. • heroin addiction problem in Washington has But the anti-heroin effort of NTA is a serious Now, however, the Democrats are appar­ been of national importance. The steps you endeavor to cope with a terribly ditncult ently unhappy with what they have wrought. have taken to institute a region.al registry medical and social problem in this commu­ They have been catching hell from their of addicts and to coordinate treatment pro­ nity, and ought to be handled with care by friends in the labor movement. Hence, they gra.ms in the Baltimore-District of Colum­ critics as well as by those who administer the are trying to gum up Phase II. bia corridor is an example for effective drug program. We hope Congress doesn't follow that programming . . . Moreover, in view of the course. The Nixon economic program had its clinical resources available at the NTA and origins in the Democratic Congress, and throughout the Washington-Baltimore axis, CONGRESS IS UNDERMINING THE Congress has no right to sabotage the pro­ the Special Action Otnce is developing a Na­ gram now. At this point, the best course for t ... :ma.I Training Center in the Baltimore­ POWER OF PHASE II everyone is simply to try to make the pro­ Washington area." All of these encouraging gram work. findings, coupled with the reservations ex­ Unfortunately, interest in the best course pressed by Dr. DuPont, lead us to believe HON. GERALD R. FORD does not seem to be especially high right that NTA has been a fine public investment, OF MICHIGAN now among the statesmen in Congress. worthy of encouragement by the entire com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munity. Thus, we are puzzled by a recent television Wednesday, November 10, 1971 program and an accompanying editorial pur­ HIS WAR GOES ON porting to show that NTA has not done a Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, good job. The program, billed as a "special now that the Pay Board has ruled against report" based on a year's findings by WTOP retroactive pay raises, the House Bank­ HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI investigator George Allen, makes much of a ing and Currency Committee is on a col ~ OF NEW YORK "confidential study which [WTOP] obtained lision course with that group. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which shows that in the eight months from As we all know, the committee has August, 1970, to April, 1971, more than 5,000 Wednesday, November 10, 1971 people signed up with NTA, but more than voted to direct the Pay Board to allow 4,000 dropped out." retroactively those raises forestalled by Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, war brings A little checking on this "study" proved the price and wage freeze. many examples of heroism, of devotion useful in putting the whole program into It is my view that the House should to duty, of suffering for the accepted perspective. According to Paul Rosenfeld, the reject the committee's recommendation cause. man who wrote the document, it was not a on retroactive pay increases--and that I would like at this point to call atten­ "study," but .a memorandum to Dr. DuPont also is the view of the Detroit Free Press. tion to the great courage in Vietnam of November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40&q3 Capt. Ralph A. Sambuchi, whose mother, Sambuchl, called "Sam" by everyone, was Sambuchi's adoration for Dr. Harlan a rugged, athletic 6-footer. Football was his Thertng of Walter Reed is understandable Mrs. Harry Sambuchi, resides in my dis­ sport and Rep. Robert Mathias, R-Calif., the and uncontained. Dr. Thering grew sam­ trict at 590 Willet Road, Lackawanna, former U.S. Olympic decathalon champion, buchi a new nose, using skin grafted from N.Y. was his idol. his forehead. A blue plastic eye matches the Captain Sambnchi now is a patient at Sambuchi's prowess on the football team color of his left, and today Sambuchl's Walter Reed Army Medical Center here at Lackawanna High School just outside of physical defects are barely noticeable with­ in the Nation's Capital. He has been hos­ Bu1falo, N.Y., won him an athletic scholar­ ouJt a second glance. pitalized since May 18, 1969, when his ship to the University of Buffalo. But it was WONDERS OF MODERN MEDICINE unit was ambushed by the enemy. his legs which put him into the record books. Even some of his fellow patients, who knew His triple jump mark in track still stands in him when he arrived there at 129 pounds, The captain's body was riddled with his western New York schoolboy division. bullets, shrapnel, and fire. He thought have failed to recognize him with a new face his time had come and he was left for LEGS LIKE PRETZELS and weighing 180 pounds. "I never knew I'd dead by the enemy soldiers who followed "The fragments completely tore up my legs. be in this good shape today," he said. "It's My legs were just like two pretzels. I couldn't the greatest feeling. This hospital is fant~­ up their attack. After 4 hours of suffer­ stand up. I said 'goddamit, I'm going to die. tic. You've never seen such professionals." ing alone, three of his own men risked This is it.' When the haze cleared from my "I was in that bunker over four hours. their lives to rescue him and start him on head, I was there by myself. No first aid. Then I heard someone calling 'Sam, Sam.' his way to his long hospitalization. The guys must have thought I was dead and Cpl. James Barker, Pfc. John Indelicato, and A professional soldier for 9 years, Cap­ left." Sgt. Ross Clark-these kids risked their life tain Sambuchi is bitter today because Sambuchi said he was "extremely de­ for me. When I found out these kids didn't he feels, as I do, that the toll in Viet­ pressed" as he began his slow recovery. get a damn thing (citations), that hurt me. nam has been so much greater for our "Nobody" he recalled saying in those early I was evacuated by helicopter to Long Binh dark days, "can put this body back together Hospita.l about 25 to 30 miles away. At the men simply because, as he says: again and make a presentable person out of hospital, I had two cardiac arrests and I The United States did not go all out to me--especlally, when your face is in your literally died on the table." win the war. I thought before and I think lap." "I kind of look forward to it now," Sam­ now the soldiers were sold down the creek. "At times I felt like the guy in (the movie) buchl said of the daily plastic surgery ses­ 'Cat Ballou' who had the silver nose," he said. sion. The sessions also include progress re­ Mr. Speaker, we have paid a dreadful "I thought I was going to be a vegetable ... ports, a change of dressings, and what the price for our operations in Vietnam. The out selling pencils.'' future "battle plans" are. But most of all, toll of lives lost, coupled with the thou­ It was during this time that Sambuchi Sambuch1 said he looks forward "to seeing sands injured in this war, many critically, learned to dread the one thing that could my doctor . . . just passing the time away is a black mark on our Nation's history. repair his disfigured body--operations and with him. He has the greatest attitude and As a part of my remarks, I include an plastic surgery. Not even winning the Silver he is never pessimistic." excellent article from the Washington Star, the nation·s third highest medal for After nearly 30 months with the sprawling D.C., Evening Star of November 8 re­ valor, was any comfort. The hours on the Walter Reed as his home, Sambuchi expects operating table were lonely and many. So far, to quit the hospital in the next few months. garding the heroism and the suffering of he has had 25 operations and more are Maybe by Christmas. Maybe by Valentine's Captain Sambuchi: scheduled. Day. He isn't sure. HIS WAR GOES ON Still sitting on his hospital bed, a paper­ But he is positively certain of one thing. (By Michael Anders) back copy of "Patton," nearby, Sambuchi's He is going into the future---a civilian when mind went back to that night. he leaves the hospital-undaunted by Viet­ "The humidity was unbelievable. It was nam. "The job possibllitles are unlimited " the beginning of the rainy season and we "A rocket hit the powder bags and set the bunker on fire. When the fire started, my legs he said, although with one eye "I have lo~t were getting ready for an inspection which my depth perception" and won't be working never came off. I was in a sandbagged bunker functioned awfully good. But while I was putting the fire out, one of them shot me in in his vocation as a meterologist. and the Viet Cong started a mortar attack However, his first plans call for him to about 1 a.m. It was overcast. I don't know the nose and it put my eye out. The first time I only thought I was dead. This time return to college and study at the curry who their weather forecaster was, but they School, a small institution in Milton, Mass. picked a good night." has got to be it. I thought to myself, 'What else can possibly happen?' It kept happening. That, he said, is his first step towards a new Ralph A. 8ambuchi sat in the middle of life. his hospital bed at Walter Reed Army Medi­ An NVA soldier approached me, but figured I was dead and he shouldered his weapon. I "I was dying. I was making a confession cal Center, his sky-blue hospital pajama top so maybe the old man would let me in. I open to the waist. As he talked, he blew rolled over and shot him. But when the nerve clouds of cigarette smoke into the antiseptic endings came back to life, I envied that was fingering my rosary of St. Christopher surroundings of Ward 9. corpse. He had nothing to worry about. I was <.which the Vatican has dropped from the bleeding from every spot you could think of.'' liturgical calendar) and I started laughing The night of May 18, 1969, is etched in I said, 'Here I am dying and I've got a second~ the mind of Sambuchi, an Army captain NO SELF-PITY EVIDENT rate saint.' " who was serving with the 2nd Battalion, 35th There is no self-pity in Sa.mbuohl's blue Artillery Unit near Xuan Loe, Vietnam. That eyes. He can laugh easily and possess an night his body was all but blown apart as inner strength from which springs optimism A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR RAYMOND an estimated three battalions of North Viet­ that his future has not changed drastically. namese Army regulars and Viet Cong rained Sambuchi says he has no regrets about heavy artillery fire on his unit. fighting in Vietnam. He is a career officer who HON. ALPHONZO BELL Sambuchi was struck 14 times by shell loves the military. "I was a professional OF CALIFORNIA fragments. A bullet from a Viet Cong rifle soldier for nine years," he said. "I was dedi­ tore away his nose and right eye. Another cated to the Army. I got a lot and I gave a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES severed a toe. His burning bunker caused lot. It was the greatest job I could have Wednesday, November 10, 1971 second- and third-degree burns. And a ball hoped for. Things come up in Vietnam that of fire from a flamethrower hit him in the would never come up anywhere else." Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, at the annual forehead and shaved off his hair. But he ls bitter because he believes that meeting of the Aerospace Corp.'s board THmTY LONG MONTHS the United States did not go all out to win of trustees, September 10 and 11, 1971, That was nearly two years and six months the war. "I thought before and I think now Mr. Arthur E. Raymond, a charter ago. Now, at a time when the war in Vietnam the soldiers were sold down the creek. The trustee and one of the board's most dis­ is winding down and casualties a.re at their men weren't allowed to fight because of tinguished members, retired after long lowest in many years, Sambuchi, 29, still is political hand-tying," he said. and dedicated service. My pleasure in recovering from the four-hour ordeal he suf­ The shot Sambuchi fired alerted the Com­ making these remarks is heightened in fered in solitary agony. munists and they swa.rmed all over the en­ His old crewcut abandoned for long brown campment. "That's when I was scaredest. I that Mr. Raymond is not only from my locks which hide the surgical scars on 1lis thought they would realize I wasn't dead district, but is also a neighbor of mine. forehead, he is one of many others at Walter and start pumping bullets into me. My heart As many of my colleagues will recall, Reed for whom the hospital is home. The was in my throat. But God was with me. the Aerospace Corp., was incorporated war memories will never fade. "There was another fire in the bunker and under the laws of the State of California "I was giving first aid to a sergeant. I was I couldn't put it out. I was crawling to an­ June 3, 1960, to render scientific and bent over him, and he had a big shoulder other bunker and I heard a rifle shot. I felt engineering services to or for the U.S. wound.. A lieutenant said. 'Hey, you.' I stood. a tingling sensation but I kept going. I Government. It was formed at the re­ up to look and that's when the round came found out my toe was gone. I said what the quest of the Secretary of the Air Force in. It landed less that 10 feet away and hell else is going to happen. The NVA fired knocked me into a corner. If I had been a. flame thrower ... the combustible mate­ to aid the U.S. Air Force in applying the bending over, I probably wouldn't have got rial landed on top of my head, setting my full resources of modern science and a fragment." hair on fire . . . and landed on my back.'' technology to the problem of achieving 40834 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 those continuing advances in ballistic defense a.nd space programs, thereby reflect­ TITO'S RISE TO POWER missiles and military space systems which ing great credit upon himself and earning for are basic to national security. In recent him the sincere gratitude of the United years, a portion of the corporation's States Air Force. HON. LAMAR BAKER high technical competence has been di­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to add my OF TENNESSEE rected toward solutions of the Nation's own congratulations to this gentleman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES civil problems. for his distinguished service and to send Wednesday, November 10, 1971 The control, supervision, and direction every good wish for the future. The Na­ of the general management of the cor­ tion is fortunate to have men such as Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, on October poration are vested in the board of Arthur Raymond serve in these impor­ 27, I spoke on the House fioor about what trustees who are leading citizens selected tant capacities. I felt were some misrepresentations in from fields of industry, science, educa­ CBS commentator Walter Cronkite's in­ tion, and public service, and who take terview of Yugoslav President Tito. My very seriously their Aerospace trustee­ objective in these remarks was to clarify ship. The Board meets at least four times FIGHTING FOR 21 the opening statements in which Tito a year and its several committees hold was introduced as the last leader alive additional meetings. I believe that those HON. EDWARD G. RIESTER, JR. among those who helped to bring about who have had the opportunity to become the Allied victory in World War II. I felt familiar with the work of Aerospace will OF PENNSYLVANIA that there were other considerations agree with me that the company's tech­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which should have been brought into the nical and managerial accomplishments Wednesday, November 10, 1971 picture and facts in Tito's rise to power which needed to be presented to the attest to the faithfulness of the board's Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, I take this administration of its responsibilities. American public. opportunity to share with my colleagues Mr. Cronkite saw fit to respond and Mr. Raymond was elected to the Aero­ in the House a letter which appeared in space Corp.'s board of trustees on June because I feel the public interest will be the Piggy-Back Shopper on October 28, served by making public his letter and an 4, 1960. He brought to the board three 1971. The article was authored by Sgt. and a half decades of engineering and elaboration of my own position, I insert Harold D. Updike, of Fallsington, Bucks Mr. Cronkite's letter at this point in the administrative wisdom to help assure the County, Pa.: advancement of space and missile sys­ RECORD, fallowed by additional comments tems. He joined the Douglas Aircraft Co. FIGHTING FOR 21 of my own: Just imagine, most of the guys over here CBS NEWS, in 1925 not long after earning his mas­ are 20, and fighting to make 21. The average New York, N.Y., October 29, 1971. ter's degree in aeronautical engineering man in most units is 20, and what a man! DEAR CONGRESSMAN BAKER: I noted your at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ A pink-cheeked, tousled-haired, tight­ remarks, as extended, in the October 27th nology. He advanced to chief engineer of muscled fellow, who under normal circum­ OOngr~ional Record regarding my charac­ Douglas in 1934, and engineering vice stances, would be considered by society, half­ terization Of President Tito of Yugoslavia. president in 1939. He was named senior man, half-boy, still wet behind the ears, and The thrul?t Of your statement seemed to be vice president in 1958, and retired from a pain in the unemployment chart. that I did not properly identify him as the that company in 1960. His talent has been But here and now, he is the beardless OOmmunist he is. hope of free man. He is for the most part May I suggest that perhaps you missed this a major force in advancing aerospace unmarried and without material possessions, paragraph in my six-paragraph introduction technologies from the frail "kites" of the except for an old car at home and a tran­ of our interview: 1920's through the long-lived DC-3 air sistor radio here. He listens to rock 'n roll, "Today he still demonstrates the self­ transport plane of the 1930's, the DC-4, 105 millimeter howitzers, and the laughter alSSuran.ce, the self-confidence, the strength DC-6, and DC-7 of the 1940's and 1950's, and screams of his buddies. of purpose and the candor that enabled him, and on to the giant airliners and power­ He is out of high school with so-so grades, a Moscow-trained. Communist, to proclaim, ful space boosters of the 1960's and played a liitltle football and had a girl who even as his partisans battled the Germans in 1970's. promised to be true. He has learned to drink the thick of World War n, that he had no beer, 'cause it is oold and the "in" thing intention of returning his country to its In recognition of these contributions, to do. king." Mr. Raymond received the U.S. Certifi­ He ls a PFC, a one-year military veteran I know that you would not intentionally cate of Merit for aircraft production dur­ with one or possibly two yea.rs to go. He have ignored such a clear delineation of Pres­ ing World War II; the Spirit of St. Louis never cared for work, preferred to wax his ident Tito's pa.st and, since your statement Medal in 1954; the Daniel Guggenheim car to washing Dad's. But now is working or and remarks clearly were based on miscon­ Medal in 1957; and the Sylvanus Albert fighting from dawn to dusk or often longer. ception, I know, too. that you are going to Reed Award in 1964. He still has trouble spelling, and writing want to correct the record. letters home ls a painful process, but he Sincerely yours, Mr. Raymond's service to the Nation can break down his rifle in 30 seconds and WALTER 0RoNKITE. was again recognized on the occasion of put it back together in 29. He can describe his retirement as an Aerospace Trustee the nomenclature of a "frag," explain how Perhaps I failed to realize the full when the Secretary of the Air Force a machine gun operates, and use either if thrust of Mr. Cronkite's statement that awarded him the U.S. Air Force.Excep­ the need arises. He can dig a foxhole, apply Tito was a Moscow-trained Communist. tional Service Award, its highest civilian :firSlt aid to a wounded companion, march However, since Mr. Cronkite is aware award. The accompanying citation reads until told to stop, or stop until told to of this detail, I am certain that he would march. He has seen more su1Iering than he be interested in and agree to the fact as follows: should have in his short life. He has stood Mr. Arthur E. Raymond distinguished him­ among hills Of bodies, and he has helped to that Tito is an example of the purest self by exceptionally meritorious public serv­ build those hills. He has wept in private a.nd form of Marxian communism and a man ice as a charter member of The Aerospace in public, and not been ashamed at doing who massacred hundreds of thousands Corp-oration's Board of Trustees, charter either, because his pals have fallen in bat­ to establish his power. This is what needs member of the Boo.rd's Executive Committee tle and he has come close to joining them. to be brought out more completely and from June 1960 to July 1971, and~ a mem­ He has become self-sufficient. He gets clean this was my intention in my remarks of ber of the Boord's Compensation Committee clothes once a week, and shave a.nd shower October 27 and also today. from October 1964 t.o July 1971, and its chair­ twice a month or at every stream; He some­ Many are at present labeling Tito as man since September 1969. He also served as times forgets to clean his teeth but never his the chairman of the Board's Space Systems rifle. He keeps his socks dry, his canteens a daring statesman, a teacher of dip­ Committee for the seven year appraisal of full, cooks his own meals, fixes his own hurts lomats, a man possessed of integrity, The Aerospace Corporation which wa.s pub­ and mends his own rips, both material and strength, and dedication. But dedication lished in 1968. During this period, Mr. Ray­ mental. He will share his water, if you thirst, to what? Certainly he was pledged to mond devoted himself to the furtherance of break his rations in half, if you hunger, and his own ambitions, to the establishment the Corporation's role in aiding the United split his ammo if you are fighting for your of a dictatorship. However, this does not States Air Poree in applying the full resources life. make him a contributor to the allied ef­ of modern science and technology to the He can do the work of two civilians, draw problems of achieving those continuing ad­ half the pay of one, and see the ironic humor fort in World War II because his com­ vances in ballistic missile and military space in it all. He has learned to use his hands as mitment was not the same as that of men systems which are basic to national security. weapons, and his weapons a.s hands. He can such as Eisenhower and Roosevelt. His e1Iorts constitute an unusually outstand­ save a life or most assuredly take one. He's Tito, with Russian assistance orga­ ing contribution by a civilian in support of 20, a veteran, fighting to make 21 ... give nized his partisans-the so-called Lib­ the Air Force's participation in the national him a chance, he's your son. eration Front--amidst confusion. At November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40835 first, many were fooled into thinking his expediency. My intention is simply to Government officials and private offices aim at the German occupation would bring some of these facts to the atten­ have moved to lock doors leading to women's tion of the American people. washrooms. help their country. However, all too soon, Campus security forces have increased se­ they realized that he intended to use curity patrols around women's dorms and in this to achieve his own ends. He manip­ some cases have provided an escort service ulated anti-Nazi sentiment repeatedly to for girls after dark. rid himself of anti-Communist elements DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VIOLENCE These are just a few of the repercussions among the population. Just as Stalin in REPORT of the rising rape rate uncovered in a study of his purges, Tito realized that he would the crime by The Washington Daily News. not succeed unless he destroyed his op­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK The News study shows: ponents. Individual women have become concerned He discredited such men as Mihajlovic, OF LOUISIANA that they themselves might be raped and are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thus becoming concerned With how the vic­ branding them as collaboraters with the tims of the crime are treated by police and Germans. Unfortunately, the Allies failed Wednesday, November 10, 1971 hospitals. to see this cover tactic for what it was. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, today's That most rapes are committed between Tito succeeded in confusing the issue Washington's newspapers report the con­ the hours of 8 p.m. and midnight by men so completely that in 1944, over 12,000 tinuing deterioration of law, order, and aged 17 to 20 who have developed some sub­ conscious hostility toward women. Slovenian Domobranci-Home Guards­ morality in the Nation's Capital. were repatriated to Yugoslavia only to be Rape is sometimes used to terrorize and The Washington Daily News reveals embarrass women into failing to report a bur­ promptly executed-thrown into mass that rape has accelerated to a rate of one graves. This is nothing compared to the glary or robbery to the police. every 12 hours. A veteran officer on the More often than not, a rapist is middle other numbers of Serbs and Croats who District's sex squad claims that nearly class man who is perfectly norm.al until, ac­ were also massacred. Is this a man to half of the rapes committed go unre­ cording to one psychologist, he gets the urge dignify to such an extent? ported because the woman is too embar­ to rape and then "becomes a werewolf." Places such as Celje and St. Vid near rassed to face the police or to have her So far this year, the District has reported Ljubljana were saturated with the blood case publicized. 97 more rapes than last year's total of 313; of those who sought to fight tyranny. Too An account in another Washington Montgomery county has nine more than the late was this move recognized for what it 28 rapes it recorded last year; Alexandria haS paper indicates that behavior problems logged eight more rapes than the 39 it report­ was. There are eye witnesses alive today are so critical on buses transporting stu­ in the United States to testify to these ed last year and Arlington has matched last dents that some drivers have refused to year's total of 23. facts-to astonish us with accounts of work unless there is another adult on the Last April Police Chief Jerry Wilson direct­ these atrocities. bus. An assistant District of Columbia ed all policemen to include all complaints of Certainly, Tito was clever as a politi­ school superintendent has requested 35 rapes in the monthly crime reports and in the cian who capitalized on the chaos of the nonprofessional aides at $115,000 to help periodic crime reports to the FBI. Before the times. But whether or not we choose to keep order on the buses. Earlier this year chief's order the police reported rapes only admit it, his independent communism I pointed out that District school officials after the U.S. Attorney's office reviewed the is no different in essence from that of the case and decided there was enough evidence were seeking additional policemen to to take it to trial. Russians and his atr0cities are no less un­ augment the 40 already assigned to the believable than those of the Germans The police point to the new reporting tech­ schools because of robberies and nique in explaining away the increase in rape against the Jewish people. shootings. in April thru September. They say that since Even today, his heart is with world The long-suffering, law-abiding tax­ the new reporting system began, 90 rape cases communism while his empty pockets are payers are asked to pay for additional po­ have been dropped by the U.S. Attorney's of­ with us here in the United States. Over licemen and now for busers' aides in an fice for lack of evidence. the years many men have given their lives effort to curb the lawless element. However, an examination of the rape sta­ in an effort to bring peace and democracy What is the answer to this crime prob­ tistics shows that the increase in reported to the peoples of the world. We owe some­ lem? More laws are not the answer when rapes for January, February and March (the thing to these. Have we sunk so far that laws on the books are not enforced. Ad­ three months before the new reporting sys­ the future of the United States depends tem) was as great if not greater than the ditional massive grants of tax dollars for months following the change in rape reports. on close friendship and cooperation with social programs accomplish nothing. And police agree that even tho the U.S. At­ such a man? Must we support economi­ Criminals must be punished or anarchy torney may decide not to take the case to trial cally a regime created in such a manner? prevails. How much longer must the peo­ does not necessarily mean no rape was com­ Yugoslavia today does enjoy some ple suffer before our liberal friends ad­ mitted. measure of economic prosperity but the mit their failures. "Oh, we have more rapes this year," a traces of dictatorship linger. People do I insert two pertinent newsclippings at spokesman for the sex squad said, "But I just not feel free to express themselves and this point in my remarks: don't think the increase has been as great as act as they please. There have been many the statistics indicate ... We have more [From the Washington Daily News, Nov. 10, because the women take more chances . . . examples of what would occur if one was 1971] not careful to remain silent. And those mini skirts and filthy movies don't RAPE PACE HERE: ONE EACH 12 HOURS help it any ... The Yugoslavs were a people who be­ (By Patrick Collins and Louise Lague) "A rapist ls an opportunist and when the lieved that communism could never en­ Every 12 hours a woman is raped here and situation presents itself he takes advantage of gulf them. Americans today feel that the frequency of attacks has startled police, it. They do it for a lot of reasons, but most they have some sort of a talisman to pro­ frightened women and puzzled psychologists. rapists do it because they hate women-most tect them from a similar occurence. How­ In the District, the number of reported of the time it's their wife or mother-and ever, can we afford to be so blind to rapes has climbed significantly and three of they want to get back at them. He wants to reality? the city's suburban police departments say show his superiority so he takes it out on that the number of rapes in their jurisdic­ women." I believe that there is a strong need to PSYCHOLOGIST emphasize this point and I am sure that tions have already equalled or passed last year's total. Sheldon Freud, a clinical psychologist who Mr. Cronkite would agree with me. Too RESPONSES is helping the Prince Georges County police long have we courted these nonalined Officials have responded to the rash of rapes explore the rape problem, agrees with the sex countries on the prer-ise that they could in different ways: squad's characterization of a rapist. "They be won over to our side. But we cannot be The District police have begun a concen­ have a basic hostility for females of any age­ so foolish-their stature and makeup pre­ trated program to counsel Georgetown girls it doesn't matter whether the woman is 70 vents this. Is it not time that Americans on how to ward o:ff rapists. years old or 25 years old every woman is a as well as the rest of the world learn from After three girl hitchhikers were raped last potential rape victim." past mistakes so that they will not hap­ week-end, Montgomery police officials said "The rapist is a severely disturbed person," pen again? they could no longer guarantee the safety of Dr. Freud said. "And most often he has re­ the estimated 200 girls who solicit rides on pressed a hostility for women, not neces­ My only concern in commenting on the county roads each day. sarily a hatred for his mother but maybe an original interview was the fact that too Prince Georges police have enlisted the aid unfortunate love experience. Normally, the often these facts are smoothed over. The of a cllnical pyschologist to help them "better rapist is a pretty good guy, but when this past is often ignored in light of present understand the rapist and his technique." host111ty builds ,tp he acts very much like 40836 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 a werewolf a.nd once he starts moving nothing the armed services as simply the troops One HEW official estimated that up to will stop him." which are constantly on alert to defend 70 % of the patients moved by MAST heli­ Dr. Freud says that a rapist does not de­ our country. copters have been emergency inter-hospital rive any pleasure from the act of intercourse, Actually all branches of the armed transfers. but from the panic he provokes in the vic­ Over the Labor Day weekend, one MAST tim. "Rape ls the thing a woman is scared services are engaged in research and in unit responded to five emergency calls. Only of most, so that's what he does. And he gets cooperative endeavors with civilian units one of them involved a highway accident. an internal orgasm of plea.sure knowing which provide answers for civilian needs The other four were to move a burn victim that he has fulfilled his destructive need." other than the bearing of arms to pro­ and three persons with critical internal in­ juries from various rural area hospitals where DmTY BOOKS tect our shores. As an example of this activity, we can they had been stabilized to larger hospitals Dirty books or obscene magazines rarely point to the project known as MAST­ where they could receive specialized treat­ affect the rapist, Dr. Freud says, because ment. they get no satisfaction out of "watching Military Assistance to Safety and Traf­ One of the best examples of the MAST some one else do something . . . . In fact fic-which has operated on a test basis program capabilities occurred 11 Septem­ they don't get an erection until they actu­ since July 15, 1970, and now includes ber, when a school bus loaded with members ally have confronted the frightened woman. areas around five Army and Air Force of the Gunnison, Colo., junior varsity football The :-apist likes to reduce women to their installations. team overturned near Sa.Ilda, Colo., with 48 most menial role. He likes to scare them One of the MAST programs is located passengers a.board. Nine of the students and only he knows how far he wlll go to in my home city of San Antonio, and it died in the crash and many were seriously produce the fear, but most of them are ca­ has been so successful there that the city injuried. Local ambulance and medical facil­ pable of murder." ities were immediately overloaded. The local The increase in the number of rapes, ac­ council has asked the service be carried sheriff placed a call for MAST and three heli­ cording to Dr. Freud, ls a result of a series on "indefinitely." copters from the 78th Medical Detachment of breakdowns within the social structure. Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with (Air Ambulance) were dispatched from Ft. "Before World War II we had a Victorian you and my other colleagues in the Carson, arriving in a little over an hour at attitude toward women," Dr. Freud said. House an article which appears in the the small-town hospital. At the request of the "It was an unthought of act to strike a November 1971 issue of Armed Forces local medical authorities 15 patients need­ wom'.l.n. But then came a general disregard Journal entitled "Military Invades Civil ing specialized medical care were loaded and for natural law and coupled with that came Domain with MAST" which gives an ex­ dispatched on the MAST helicopters for St. a period of women's liberation where they Luke's Hospital in Denver. became more involved in politics and took on cellent account of the success of the En route, the medics made an evaluation important jobs. And the women told us "We program. of the specialized care ea.ch patient would are no better than you." T'.aese factors along MILITARY INVADES CIVIL DOMAIN WITH require and the emergency equipment need­ with the current women's liberation move­ MAST ed immediately upon arrival. The helicopter ment have created a great change in the re­ (By George Weiss) pilots were unable to establish air-to-ground spect of man for woman and have provoked a communications as they flew through the certain hostllity toward women. Invasion of the civil domain by the Inili­ tary, usually strongly resented by the Amer­ Rockies between Salida and Denver, but a Dr. Freud says the rapist 1s generally United Airlines captain and the pilot of a middle class because "the freedom in the ican people, has existed in fl ve areas of the United States on a continuing basis over MAC C-5A overheard their MAST call sign upper class and lower classes provide other and volunteered to act as airborne radio re­ ways for release of rapist hostillty. It is the the past 16 months. Instead of protests, dem­ onstrations, or litigation there have been lay platforms. frustrated middle class man who is the rap­ An Army medic was credited with saving ist. The man who reaches the dead end and letters of praise and appreciation. If there has been any grumbling most of the life of one patient by giving him constant feels a need to release his anxiety. And when mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and suction he attacks ... he ls a very dangerous man." it has come from areas within the Inilita.ry. Suddenly the Services find themselves in­ to draw blood from his throat and lungs. As result of the interaction by the Salida [From the Washington Post, Nov. 10, 1971) volved in a project with a growth potential which ca.used one physician interviewed by physicians, MAST, a passing airliner, and a SCHOOL Bus DISORDER BRINGS CALL FOR Am The Journal to comment, "I don't think they C-5A, hospital attendants at St. Luke's were Behavior problems are so severe on buses [the millta.ry] could get out now if they waiting to receive the patients and begin im­ carrying Washington students to school that wanted to." mediate treatment. some drivers have refused to work unless The project is MAST (Millta.ry Assistance Another plus for the MAST program has there ls another adult on the bus, an as­ to Safety and Traffic), which has operated been that, in addition to rapid transporta­ sistant D.C. school superintendent said last on a test basis since 15 July 1970 and now tion of accident and other emergency cases, night. includes areas a.round five Army and Air Inilita.ry hospital corpsmen are, on the whole, "There ls a need to keep discipline on the Force installations. better trained than the average (and some­ buses," declared Assistant Supt. Harris M. In each area Inilitary helicopters and times nonexistent) ambulance attendant. Taylor, as he asked a school boa.rd committee medics have been made available to assist The military helicopters in most cases are to approve spending $115,000 to hire 35 non­ civilian authorities. They are on call for a also better equipped to handle emergen­ professional a.ides. medical emergency which can be handled by cies than the average ambulance outside of About 1,000 youngsters, most from Ana­ no other means. an urban area. costia, ride the 'buses each day to elementary From the inception of the program through As it was stated by one person interviewed schools with extra space, many of them west 10 October 1971, the Air Force and Army at HEW, "MAST ls providing medical care of Rock Creek Park. have responded to a variety of calls ranging now to persons who otherwise would not be Supt. Hugh Scott has asked for another from highway accidents to heart attack vic­ receiving it [before death]." $362,000 to operate and service the buses, tims in remote areas. They have flown 681 HEW declined to estimate the number of which also are used for field trips. humanitarian missions to bring 881 persons lives saved in the first 15 months of opera­ The crosstown busing, which is voluntary, to hospitals or performed emergency trans­ tion by the MAST experiment, saying, "There was ordered several years ago by U.S. Judge fers of patients needing specialized ca.re. ls no way to make a accurate estimate." J. Skelly Wright. LCol Wllliam H. Sinith, who monitors the MAST's beginnings have a long and de­ The request for busing money is part of project within DOMS (Directorate of Mili­ tailed history, but there ls little or no evi­ the superintendent's proposal for spending tary Support) for the Department of Defense, dence as to who originated the idea. One $9.5 mlllion in federal impact aid, allotted sees it this way: "The Services learned to prime mover in the project was Capt. John on the ba.sls of the number of city students save lives in Vietnam with helicopters and M. Waters, USCG, who served in the Depart­ whose pa.rents work for the federal govern­ immediate medical treatment. We have just ment of Transportation's Emergency Medi­ ment. Last night committee members ques­ been asked to put it to use at home." cal Programs. It ls said that Captain Waters tioned adininistra.tors closely about which Dr. Raymond Moore of the Department pressed for the program three years before schools would get the extra services under of Health, Education, and Welfare, who until his suggestion finally reached the desk of the proposal. recently was the HEW coordinator for MAST, Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird. sees the program a.s a great aid to small-town As a Congressman, Secretary Laird had doctors who "can get emergency cases to been a member of the House Appropriations MAST IS A MUST more definitive care quickly." Cominittee and ranking member on the The project, in fact, has uncovered a need Health, Education and Welfare Committee. for inter-hospital transfers little suspected He recalled, during the public announcement when it began. Many accident cases in rural of the MAST test program, that he had once HON.HENRY B.GONZALEZ area.s need to be stabilized by local physi­ written into a report a suggestion that "the OF TEXAS cians and then rapidly and smoothly moved federal government go forward with such a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to specialized hospital facilities. In many program." Wednesday, November 10, 1971 cases this could not previously be done be­ The Army received the DoT proposal from cause of the trauma of a long or rough road Secretary Laird ln August 1969 and reported Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, too trip. MAST has provided fast, smooth trans­ back that such a program "might be pos­ much of the time Americans think of portation for such cases on a request basis. sible." November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40837

GE'ITING STARTED The Department of Transportation pointed Division (Mechanized), Ft Carson, Colo., and Secretary Laird then wrote to Secretaries out that a multi-million-dollar rescue oper­ now by the 78th Medical Detachment. (Heli­ Robert H. Finch of HEW, Walter J. Hickel ation is available to any offshore boatman copter Ambulance) . of Interior, and John A. Volpe of Transporta­ through the Coast Guard, while inland any Two final projects were established at tion, as well as to Attorney General John M. private pilot down or in trouble has the Phoenix, Ariz., and Mountain Home, Idaho. Mitchell and George A. Lincoln of the Office rescue facilities of the combined Air Force Both of these were supported by local detach­ of Emergency Preparedness, to say that DoD and Civil Air Patrol to locate, rescue, and ments of the 4.2nd Aerospace Rescue and Re­ had examined the proposal and that "the care for his injuries until he can be brought covery Squadrom, Hamilton AFB, Calif. concept has merit and warrants further study to a hospital. But that same service avail­ The 507th Medical Company (Air Ambu­ and participation by other federal agencies." able to a boatman or airman is not avail­ lance) has been the most used of all the He requested that an Interagency Planning able if they have a hunting or auto accident MAST partcipating organizations and the Group be formed to discuss the "legal status in the same general area. two USAF units the least called on. All Air of the use of mllitary resources and the The truth ls that the Armed Forces have Force spokesman explained to The Journal responslbllities of state, local and federal always extended a helping hand to civilian that the Air Force accepted the mission with agencies." rescue agencies in the event of an emergency the understanding that it would provide re­ In December 1969 the first meeting of the such as a flood, storm, tornado, or similar quested assistance during normal duty hours lnteragency ad hoc study group was held, disaster. It is also true that in most areas and only when there was no interference with with all agencies represented. no agreements exist between the Inilitary their normal detachment duties, which are The decision was made to explore the MAST and local civilian authorities for assistance operational and not training. concept through a demonstration program in the event of highway accidents. Moreover, After a year in test, however, the Air Force at some military base during the spring or there is a lack of common communications agreed to increase its participation by aug­ summer of 1970. facilities which would enable the two orga­ menting the Air Rescue detachments at Luke nizations to communicate. AFB and Mountain Home AFB, giving each ARGUMENTS AGAINST Other communications problems are more enough aircraft and personnel to provide 24- There were groans from those in the mili­ easily understood. A phone call for an am­ hour, seven-days-a-week alert. According to tary who foresaw a potential situation which bulance to proceed to a location "half a one source, police and highway patrolmen in could affect them in several ways. While mile south of the Old Black Place on State each area were reluctant to call on the Air trained medical technicians, pilots, and heli­ Highway 5" may mean something locally, Force helicopters since they knew the crews copters are available, they are engaged in but very little to a military helicopter pilot were not always on duty. The Air Force points national defense training and operations, and whose familiarity with the area is best ex­ out that rescue has always been a mission Congress appropriates money for that pur­ pressed in map coordinates. of ARRS and that the Air Force has never pose-not for a far-reaching domestic pro­ The appalling death and injury rate on refused a MAST mission when contacted for gram such as MAST. U.S. highways ls not decreasing, but ls grow­ any reason. Where could the military cut off such as­ ing, along with the population and numbers The Air Force HH-43 helicopters are pri­ sistance once it began? Mllitary hospital of vehicles in operation. A new problem is marily for rescue of air crews and are short­ staffs and helicopters available for such tasks also injecting itself into the highway situa­ ranged. The Army's UH-lH Hueys are larger, are planned and allotted for the estimated tion: Many of today's superhighways find faster, and carry more people. The Army tries needs of military posts and air bases, not bumper-to-bumper traffic during rush hours to hold missions to within 100 miles of a post for an entire civilian community, at speeds in the 70-mile-per-hour range. The and the Air Force to 75 miles. Both ranges There were also legal implications. What two-car accident ls fast becoining an urban are based on the nonrefueled radius of the was the mllitary liabllity if a helicopter rarity-it isn't uncommon today to find up different helicopters. Missions of greater range crashed while transporting a civilian to a to half a dozen vehicles involved in a single can be flown, but they may require fuel stops, hospital? Could a specialist 4th class be sued accident. It takes 50 or more cars in a single which lim1ts their effectiveness. if for malpractice the patient he treated wreck to make national news today, and the FUTURE? died? Could the government be sued if a number of victims in one accident can re­ Inilitary base refused to order a mission for semble a small-scale combat operation. By 1 December 1971 Secretary Laird w111 one or more reasons once summoned by If nothing else, Korea and Vietnam proved have on his desk a Service recommendation competent authority? the effectiveness of the helicopter as a res­ on future participation in the MAST project. There were many complexities which had cue vehicle. Combat casualties evacuated are The report will primarily cover such items as to be considered. One which everyone knew said to have a death rate of about 2%. At the practicality of helicopter operations in would appear wa.s the opposition of commer­ the very outset it would appear that a similar rural and urban areas of the nation, cost ef­ cial ambulance companies, which would rec­ program made available to U.S. accident fectiveness, and other problems of an opera­ ognize MAST as unfair competition. victims would save thousands of lives a year. tional nature. But one of the big unanswered In addition, there was an underlying fear The only problem is that a similar clvllian questions to be addressed is: can the military among military representatives that the rescue service is currently beyond the reach save lives, and can it do the job more econom­ program might be misunderstood. Invasion of most state and municipal governments. lc:i.lly than a slinilar civillan organization? of the civilian domain by the Inilitary, un­ Comparable commercial services are still few Two other effects are likely to result from fair competition, illegal medical practice, and far between and have had economic any expansion of helicopter rescue services, in and an overall expectation that the services problems since the cost of operation is natur­ the opinion of Defense observers. If MAST is broadened and continued as a Inission of would be available throughout the nation, if ally high and collection sometimes difficult. successful, were only part of the problem. the Services, the reserve components surely Another lim1ting facet of a comparable will be involved, they say. According to LGen. What might be involved when a helicopter helicopter ambulance service is the need for or medical unit was ordered out of the local w. R. Peers, Chief of Army Reserve Compo­ an accompanying doctor or nurse skilled in nents, the Army National Guard and Reserves operating area or to an overseas area? Mili­ emergency treatment of serious wounds. tary units could not become dedicated to will have 1,800 modern helicopters in FY 72 Recognition of the military hospital corps­ and 2,300 in FY 73. This represents a massive a particular area, since they are subject to man as a skilled technician capable of per­ periodic reorganization, transfers, and train­ capability which must be reckoned in any forining efficiently in areas of his training MAST calculations. If the Services get out of ing operations. Political pressure might is now generally accepted. Most Americans force them into difficult positions. the business and the civll sector of govern­ have actually witnessed corpsmen working ment gets in, says DoT, the result could be THE NEED FOR MAST swiftly and competently on the Vietnam a shot in the arm for the ailing helicopter Each year more than 50,000 Americans die battlefields via their home TV screens. industry (Journal 13 June 1970). in highway accidents, a quarter of a million The first pilot project was established at What ever the DoD findings, there is a def­ are permanently injured, and two million San Antonio, Tex.--chosen, in part, because inite opinion in San Antonio: Shortly before persons receive lesser injuries, according to of the excellent mllltary-ci'·"illan relationship the program was extended to December of this national statistics. that has existed over the years. To get the year, the City Council of San Antonio adopted A paper written by two members of the project underway, on 15 July 1970 in the a resolution requesting that the service be Emergency Medical Services ·Division of the Alamo Area Council of Governments, which carried on "indefinitely." National Highway Safety Bureau, Depart­ takes in 10 counties around the city, a civil­ mant of Transportation, states that many ian committee headed by Bernard Rappa­ ambulances responding to emergencies are port of San Antonio began to work out the ill equipped to handle serious trauma and details to assure a smooth integration of the MISLEADING SCIENTISTS are manned by poorly trained attendants, operation. primarily due to the precarious economic The military organization selected to pro­ situation of most ambulance operators, low vide support was the 507th Medical Company HON.GERALDR. FORD (Air Ambulance), located at Ft Sam Houston. pay of personnel, and rapid employee turn­ OF MICHIGAN over. Moreover, low-population rural areas On 6 August two more sites were activated. are even harder hit, since they cannot sup­ Locations were West Central Washington IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES port an ambulance service and have to rely state, supported by the Air Cavalry Troop, 3rd Wednesday, November 10, 1971 on an urban ambulance system which may Armored Cavalry Regiment, Ft Lewis, and have to travel long distances to reach the Colorado Springs, supported first by the 283rd Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, scene. Aviation Company, 43rd Group, 4th Infantry in recent years the scientific community 40838 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 has increa~ingly taken sides in the con­ tions which had no such validity. They were incredible array of Capitol activities. Hays troversy surrounding a number of pub­ further found to have made extremely nasty has, for instance: false charges against the chief scientist of Raised the price of the formerly-bargain­ lic issues--notably that of the ABM and the Defense Department, Dr. John S. Foster. rate haircuts in House barbershops from 75 the SST. It has long appeared to me that Drs. Weisner, Rathjens and Weinberg were cents to $2. the opinions of many of the scientist­ jointly held to have been guilty of "misuse Removed jump-seats for operators from opponents of the ABM and the SST of source material" in the study of the ABM elevators, and ordered operators not to read were clouded with emotional bias. On in a critique of the Pentagon's ABM position on the job. Monday, November 8, 1971, columnist that was circulated by Senator Edward Ken­ Ordered linen cloths taken off the tables in Joseph Alsop cited an investigation made nedy. The same "misuse" was also found in the staff dining room, and converted a base­ by a panel of the Operations Research the work done for Senator Kennedy by Dr. ment cafeteria into a carry-out. Weisner and ABM charges throughout the Tried and failed, under pressure from col­ Society of America which bears out my ORSA report. view. I call the attention of my col­ leagues, to eliminate breakfast service in the Thus placed in the dock and found guilty members dining room. leagues to this column, since the views and crooking the evidence and purposeful Audited restaurant finances, collected of the scientific community have of late prevarication, the anti-ABM scientists finally thousands of dollars from congressmen who had such a heavy bearing on issues be­ condescended to notice ORSA more seriously. ran up bills, and caught (with the aid of ing decided in the Congress. The column They issued a reply, admitting some mis­ Pinkerton men) a cashier who was accused of follows: takes, yet claiming they were right about stealing as much as $100 a day. MISLEADING SCIENTISTS what mattered. To this Dr. Rathjens added Took over authority, with House approval, (By Joseph Alsop) the charge that the neutral panel member, to increase fringe benefits for congressmen Dr. Herbert Berger, secretly harbored per­ without having to go back to the House (and The clamor surrounding the underground sonal animus against himself. nuclear test at Amchitka is a very good rea­ thus into the public view) for a vote each To this charge, Dr. Berger has now replied, time. These fringes include paid trips home, son for offering an extremely solemn warn­ in effect, that Dr. Rathjens is again prevari­ ing. On such occasions, a great deal of the stationery allowances, telephone services and cating, and again, Dr. Berger's evidence is office staff money. more leftwing "scientific" evidence must now solid, stolid and unimpeachably factual, like be expected to be as crooked as a ram's horn. Set aside one of the three Capitol elevators the ORSA report itself. No open-minded per­ from the Rayburn Building subway for mem­ Some attention has already-been given to son can fail to read either report without the so-called ORSA report that contains the concluding it is all too true, both in detail bers only. proofs of the foregoing extremely grave state­ and in broad outline. Established a fl.rm limit of six telephone ment. But no one has even begun to grasp It needs only to be added that the sup­ lines for each congressional office (such de­ the full seriousness of this solid, stolid, un­ posed "mistakes" proven in the report were cisions had been left up to a staff member impeachably factual report. So it deserves at the very heart of the ABM debate. In sum, in the office of Clerk W. Pat Jennings, Hays re-examination. · warning. said, and varied according to the whim of ORSA, in brief, is the Operations Research the staffer). Society of America, with a membership of And, perhaps most significant, in a reso­ about 8,000 scientists doing defense and in­ lution adopted yesterday with no objections dustrial research and analysis. One of the HAYS GETS THINGS DONE from the handful of House members on society's stated original aims was to establish hand, Hays moved to run the House's IBM uniform standards and guidelines for this 360-50 computer now under Jennings com­ new and growing branch of research. HON. JACK BROOKS mand. The resolution gives the Hays com­ Hence, the society was interested when one OF TEXAS mittee $1.5 million to set up and staff a Com­ of its members, Dr. Albert Wohlstetter of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES puter Service Center. The computer program is only the most the University of Chicago, asked for a panel Wednesday, November 10, 1971 to judge the standards of research and recent Hays move; it certainly is not the last. analysis displayed in the bitter debate about Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, for more Just last week, he signed a contract to the "Safeguard" antiballistic-missile system than two decades, the House of Repre­ begin installing an electronic voting system in the Senate in 1969. Essentially that meant sentatives has enjoyed the mercurial in the House chamber. a panel to judge between ABM supporters And he is actively involved in an effort to like Dr. Wohlstetter, and its chief scientific outspoken opinions of Congressman clean up House restaur·ant kitchens so they opponents, such as the new president of MIT, WAYNE HAYS of Ohio and today the Eve­ are as spick and span as the Senate's. Dr. Jerome Weisner, and Drs. George Rath­ ning Star has joined Congress in its STEPS ON TOES jens and Stephen Weinberg. evaluation of WAYNE HAYs--a Congress­ Hays' path has not been smooth. He has, The ABM opponents were invited to make man who gets things done. The Star in fact, repeatedly stepped on the toes of any contribution they chose, and also to does not endorse all of his statements those who think they should be running nominate a member of the proposed panel. but it does write of his courage and dedi­ things, such as Jennings and Capitol Archi­ They haughtily refused to have anything to cation toward getting things done as tect George White, who supervises restau­ do with the inquiry. And they added a rants and elevators, and Doorkeeper Fishbait wholly groundless charge that the inquiry effectively and efficiently as possible, re­ gardless of whose toes are stepped on. Miller, whose office is in charge of the army "could well appear to the nation as an ugly of patronage jobs and, among other things, resurgence" of McCarthyism-but they I include in the RECORD the attached the barbershops. ducked using the actual word. article appearing in the Washington Hays has an unsettling style of direct ac­ A six-man panel of industrial and aca­ Evening Star of November 10, 1971, com­ tion. If he sees something he doesn't like he demic scientists was none the less formed, mending the efforts of WAYNE HAYS to summons the offender, or his boss, into his under the leadership of Thomas E. Caywood, improve our Congress: private office on the third floor of the Capitol past president of ORSA. The panel included and chews him out. men who had opposed the ABM in 1969, as HAYS GETS THINGS DONE AROUND THE HOUSE He is said to remind minor functionaries well as men who had been for it. At least around the House that he, Hays, is the man one former panel member, Dr. Howard M. (By Shirley Elder) who signs their paychecks. Little things often Berger, of Xerox, "still hasn't made up his Wayne Hays describes himself as a man command his attention. For instance, he or­ mind." who abhors waste, sloth, inefficiency, errant dered name plates for elevator operators after The results were devastating. "Analyses" behavior of any kind. "All my life," he says, one refused to identify himself to Hays. Now, that were "often inappropriate, misleading, "I've had a drive to get things done." Hays said, if an operator misbehaves, his or factually in error"; failure to meet "ele­ Now, after 22 years as a Democratic con­ name can easily be jotted down. mentary standards for proper presentation gressman from Belmont County, Ohio, the "The guy's a bully," one colleague said of results to permit verification"; failure to 60-year-old Hays is in a unique position to bluntly of Hays the other day. "A tyrant. "distinguish properly between the roles of get things done around the House of Repre­ This is not a happy situation." analyst and advocate"-these were the main sentatives, and he is tackling the job with a But even Hays critics are forced to admit phrases in the summary of findings. vengeance. He is chairman of the House Ad­ that under his scrutiny restaurant deficits Dr. Rathjens was held guilty of "specific ministration Committee. have been reduced and, in some cases, elim­ abuses of professional standards" in the ABM Never before has the Administration Com­ inated. Haircut charges have been placed on debate. He was further condemned for select­ mittee been a very prestigious assignment. a more businesslike basis. Instead of barbers ing his material in a most peculiar manner, Under many of Hays' predecessors, it merely pocketing the 75 cents plus tip, they now mostly by omitting "data (that) would have ratified decisions made by others. House rules split the $2 half and half with the House substantially weakened his case". other high­ describe its duties as policy-making. contingency fund. ly partisan inaccuracies were also found in The computer, a sophisticated machine his ABM testimony and in his subsequent TAKES CONTROL rented for $42,000 a month, has been oper­ exchanges with Dr. Wohlstetter. But under Hays, the committee--or, more ated by Jennings' office at something like 10 Drs. Weisner and Weinberg were found to accurately, Hays himself-is wen on the way percent of its capacity. have "ascribed official validity" to calcula- towards taking over actual operations of an By moving in and taking it over, Hays November 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40839 promises to develop a data retrieval system In that statement I covered some of On October 29, 1971, the Federal Power that could make the legislative history of the problems being encountered by the Commission i~sued an order which, among every bill instantly available to members, residents of my district as a result of the other things, denied my motion for a hear­ while simultaneously handling House book­ ing on this project in Greene County. I was keeping operations such a.s payroll and in­ actions of the power authority of the extremely disappointed by the Commission's ventory. State of New York. These acts of the decision, for it seems to me yet another in­ NOT SEEKING FRIENDS State authority are encouraged in many dic.ation of official indifference to the public Hays is not disturbed over reports that ways by the Federal Power Commission's interest and convenience. For Greene County, some people are unhappy with his actions. apparent. indifference to the public inter­ as we all know, is the location of both of "I didn't come to Washington to win friends est and indifference to environmental the two primary routes which have been and infiuence people, just to infiuence peo­ guidelines as laid down by the Presi­ proposed. It is where the real affected parties ple," he says. "Congress does a lot of talk­ in this matter live and work. My motion did dent's Council on Environmental Qual­ not necessitate the postponement or can­ ing about economy but it must start at ity. home." cellation of this hearing. It suggested alter­ Hays has never been known as a jovial On Tuesday, November 9, 1971, a hear­ native Greene County sites for this hearing, fellow. His role on the House fioor often is ing on the proposed transmission line but more importantly, moved for an addi­ that of a heckler, a needler. When GOP Lead­ was held in Albany, N.Y. For the infor­ tional hearing in the Catskill area so that those unable to be here today would be er Gerald R. Ford once raised the threat of mation of the other Members of this .afforded an opportunity to give their views a presidential veto of an appropriations bill House, l include my remarks at that on the proposed routing. to keep several federal agencies going, Hays hearing. in full: said: The selection of Albany as the sole site has "I do not think he would dare because STATEMENT BY REPRESENTATIVE HAMILTON clearly precluded the participation of many ... what if he closed the government down FISH, JR. individuals who will be affected by the deci­ and the people found they could get along I wish to apologize for not being able to be sion on this proposal-individuals unable to without it?" personally at this hearing, but Congressional be here for such reasons as inability to get He seldom really smiles. The comments business requires me to be in Washington. off from work, time loss, travel difficulty, ex­ are delivered deadpan, often angrily. Persons However, I appreciate the opportunity to penses involved, and general inconvenience. he doesn't quite approve of are referred to present a statement on my position on the The denial statement by the Federal Power as "that character" or addressed as "you Gilboa-Leeds transmission lines, a subject of Commission implies that an undue and un­ people." great importance to the people of my Con­ reasonable delay would result from granting HE CRACKLES gressional District, which also affects the the motion. Yet I was not talking about an indefinite or unreasonable delay of these Hays does not give long thoughtful ecology of our entire Hudson Valley region. I formally intervened in this proceeding for proceedings. Appropriate hearing sites in the speeches on the issues of the day. He takes Catskill or Greenville area can be made avail­ quick verbal swipes at those be thinks are two basic reasons. First, because I felt my direct participation would afford many of my able on short notice. Furthermore, when we ridiculous or wrong. One observor once said are talking of a decision that will determine Hays' anger has a certain splendor: "He constituents, who otherwise would not be represented, an avenue to express themselves the environmental future of Greene County snaps and crackles and flashes. If you are and possibly the Hudson Valley, would a de­ safe, it is pleasant to behold-like a summer in this matter. Second, I wanted to assure that recent Congressional mandates in the lay 'of one day, or one week, or even one electrical storm." month be unreasonable? If one wishes to be He has, at one time or the other, been mad area of environmental decision-making are faithfully complied with by the Federal Power a careful preserver rather than a hasty de­ at Castro, Zsa Zsa Gabor, the late Secretary stroyer, the answer can only be no. John Foster Dulles, Reps. Otto Passman and Commission and the Power Authority of the H. R. Gross, everyone in the State Depart­ State of New York. In my opinion, such care Therefore, today I am renewing my motion ment, Madame Nhu, Stokely Carmichael, all of the public interest was not shown in the for an additional hearing to be scheduled in liberals, President Eisenhower, President Nix­ original licensing of the Blenheim-Gilboa Greene County in the near future. I do this on, Arthur Goldberg and Adam Clayton pumped storage project and its attendant for the self-evident reas·on that the further Powell. transmission lines. I am hopeful that this such hearings are from the affected area, the It was Hays who prepared the case against hearing will provide the proper forum for less influence residents of those areas have Powell when the high-flying Harlem minis­ beginning an in depth inquiry into whether upon the final decisions reached. Through ter was a member of Congress. As chairman this power line is needed at all, and, if so, the inconvenience of distance, individual of the Administration Committee's subcom­ what will be the best possible route to cause right is more easily subverted for an abstract mittee on accounts, Hays conducted the in­ the least environmental damage to a unique­ "public" right. I urge adoption of my motion quiry into Powell's spending sprees that led ly unspoiled area. Such an inquiry re­ for an additional hearing in the affected eventually to his exclusion from the House. quires the Federal Power Commission to bal­ area. ance all of the elements involved: alternative Other intervenors have dealt in depth ROAMED THE WORLD sources of power, actual power resources and with the issue of whether adequate notice Hays probably spent tax money at as brisk needs, and most importantly, any possible was initially afforded certain parties to this a clip as Powell but with a totally different detrimental environmental and social effect proceeding. I mention this point to couple philosophical approach. As a member of the that construction of this proposed line will it with my concern over the decision on the Foreign Affairs Committee, Hays roamed the have on Greene County and the Hudson Val­ hearing site. Due notice, and the opportunity world as he now roams Capitol corridors and ley. to be heard are essential elements of due when he found excuses and wrongs, then as These are not idle or useless concerns. We process under our legal ssytem. The "funda­ now, he demanded corrective action. live today in an era concerned with environ­ mental fairness" of due process applies tc Hays' compulsion to erase inefficiency and mental values. This concern has been caused administrative as well as judicial proceed­ eliminate wrongdoing is not limited to the by our ability to view what destruction can ings. It is my view that due process require­ world and the Congress. It extends into his be wrought by neglect of proper attention ments have been given less than full con­ home district. to the environmental impact of any project. sideration by the Federal Power Commission Just last week, Hays was elected to the The present destruction of our air, our water and its staff in this matter to this point. Belmont County School Board, 9, non-paying and our land stand as mute witnesses to In response to the evident deterioration of post, with the avowed intent of finding out this past neglect. This newly found con­ our water, our air and our land, Congress and whether the board does anything worth­ cern and awareness brings with it new re­ the entire Federal government has become while. If it doesn't, he said, he will march sponsibilities for those dealing with public increasingly concerned with the environ­ straight to the state legislature and ask that policy decisions such as the one at issue here ment. The National Environmental Policy it be abolished. today. Act of 1969 is the foremost statutory expres­ There are three questions I would like to sion of national policy on the subject. It es­ r.aise and discuss this morning. First, have tablishes environmental protection as part TRANSMISSION LINE TESTIMONY the basic elements of due process, adequate of the mandate of every Federal agency and notice and fair opportunity for a hearing department, and requires that they consider been fully complied with in this case to the environmental implications of their de­ HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. date? Second, have the Federal Power Com­ cisions to the "fullest possible extent." OF NEW YORK mission and the Power Authority of the Specifically, Section 102(2) (c) requires tha1 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES State of New York complied with both the every agency file a detailed environmental spirit and the letter of the Nation.al En­ impact statement on all projects it under­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 vironmental Policy Act of 1969? Third, what takes or licenses, with the Council on En­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, in the CON­ is the actual scope of proper inquiry here? vironmental Quality for their review. GREss:roNAL RECORD of September 14, 1971, Realistically, is the decision that is being The impact statement on this particular I brought to the attention of the Mem­ made on Project No. 2685 confined to one project is currently being reviewed by the power transmission line, or are we actually Environmental Protection Agency at the re­ bers an environmental problem in my opening an irreversil}le p.andora's box of quest of Environmental Quality. In Septem­ congressional district, in a statement Power Authority plans that will affect the ber, the Environmental Protection Agency "The Big Boys Against Prink Hill." entire Schoharie and Hudson Valleys. indicated that the original impact statement 40840 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 11, 1971 filed by the Power Authority of the State development of a vast network of interlock­ be held in the Interstate and Foreign Com­ of New York, and circulated by the Federal ing energy projects. merce Committee Hearing Room, Room 2125 Power Commission for comment, was not as It is, in effect, a very small part of a mas­ of the Rayburn House Office Building (East comprehensive or complete as needed. In sive development, and to concentrate our entrance) commencing at 2:00 p.m. on No­ short it was defective. gaze simply upon this line, while ignoring vember 11 and at 10:00 a.m. on November 12. I might also point out at this time that these broader considerations would be like In view of your organization's interest in at present, negotiations are going on between studying a tiger cub, while ignoring that the good government, our Commission would like the Federal Power Commission and the Coun­ kitten could grow into a highly destructive to have its views about ways and means of cil on Environmental Quality, as the Council cat. So, properly, the Federal Power Commis­ promoting economy, efficiency, and improved is not satisfied with FPC's interpretation of sion should view the proposed project not service ln the transaction of the public the Environmental Protection Act's environ­ only in the light of its impact on the uniquely business in the departments, bureaus, mental requirements. As of this moment, unspoiled Durham Valley, which is impor­ agencies, boards, commissions, offices, inde­ the FPC has filed no independent environ­ tant and consequential in itself, but also in pendent establishments, and instrumentali­ mental statement, nor does it accept respon­ the broader perspective of its growing impact ties of the Government of the District of sibility for ·the applicant's statement which on the entire region. For if, as ma.ny of us Columbia. I am enclosing a copy of the Com­ it circulates. Following this hearing the FPC believe, this project is only a small section of mission's Notice of Hearing recently pub­ will submit a staff brief on the environmental a massive plan, then a "yes" or "go" deci­ lished in the D.C. Register so that you may impact of the proposed project, which has sion here could mean the ecology of the en­ be advised of the areas of our concern and been found at fault in the past as generally tire Hudson Valley and the Schoharie Valley study. a restatement of the applicant's statement. will be forever determined. What are the ex­ I cordially invite you to submit your or­ Thus, this project's status under the cri­ tent of PASNY's plans? Have they been fully ganization's views in writing to our Com­ teria established by the National Environ­ divulged? Will they be fully explored here? mission by November 5, 1971. Should you mental Policy Act of 1969 has not yet been It would be a dereliction of responsibil1ty or your organization experience any dif­ settled. It is too early to tell whether or not not to ask these questions, and not to ask ficulty in preparing a written statement of environmental values have been adequately them at this time. proposed testimony. I urge you to contact considered. Until a determination and rec­ Thus, as we begin this detailed inquiry the Deputy Director, Mr. Adrian Dove (386- ommendation is made by both EPA and the into the need, propriety and location of this 5577) who can assist you. Meanwhile, it Council on Environmental Quality on the proposed Gilboa-Leeds power line, the Fed­ would be very helpful if your statement impact of this project, there should be no eral Power Commission should carefully con­ could be prepared as a five-minute oral pres­ final decision by the Federal Power Com­ sider its massive responsibilities as they entation suitable for the public hearings. mission. reach any decision. A Federal regulatory Additional comments may, of course, be sub­ In addition to the strong indications I have agency has a mandate to protect the public mitted in writing and will be made a part of received from the Council on Environmental interest. Recent legislation underlines this the hearing record. Quality that the FPC's present interpreta­ with a mandate to protect the environment. Naturally, because of time limitations, our tion of the environmental guidelines are un­ This ls the issue of the inquiry we begin here Commission will not be able to hear from satisfactory, recent court decisions interpret­ today. all organizations at the public hearings ing the intent and scope of the National scheduled for November 11 and 12. This ls Environmental Policy Act have stressed the why I am requesting you to submit your or­ broad responsib111ties it imposes on the Fed­ PUBLIC HEARINGS-COMMISSION ganization's statement in writing to the eral agency involved-in this instance the ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE Commission by November 3 so that the sta.ff Federal Power Commission. For example, in GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT may review them and prepare a schedule of the case of Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Com­ OF COLUMBIA those who will testify at our hearings. Be mittee vs. Atomic Energy Commission (U.S. assured, however, that whether your organi­ Court of Appeals for the District of Colum­ zation presents its views in the form of testi­ bia, Docket Number 24,830, decided July 23, HON. ANCHER NELSEN mony at the hearings or as a written state­ 1971) , the Court emphasized that the mere OF MINNESOTA ment to be inserted in the RECORD, our staff filing of the impact statement does not ex­ will carefully review all of the views sub­ haust an agency's responsibility under the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mitted so that they will be available to the Act. They emphasized that at both the hear­ Wednesday, November 10, 1971 Commissioners. ings on proposed licensing, that the licensing I am appreciative of the efforts of your or­ agency must conduct an aggressive inquiry Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, under let­ ganization to assist in bringing about better on the environmental issues raised. The ter dated October 15, 1971, a notice of government for the District of Columbia and Court used the following language: "an public hearings of the Commission on the I trust that you will continue in your effort agency has a responsibllity to not simply Organization of the Government of the by providing the Commission with your or­ sit back, like an umpire, and resolve ad­ Distrtct of Columbia was mailed to a ganization's views with regard to our study. versary contentions at the hearing stage. number of groups and associations in the With kind regards, Rather, tt must itself take the initiative of Sincerely yours, considering environmental values at every District who have a client relationship ANCHER NELSEN, distinctive and comprehensive stage of the with the District government. Also, the Chairman. process beyond the staff's evaluation and notice was published in the Distrtct of recommendation." Columbia Register on October 4, 1971, COMMISSION ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE In spite of off-hand licensing of the and all relevant House and Senate com­ GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM­ Blenheim-Gilboa pumped storage station mittees have been advised. BIA and two of three power lines, in spite of the We welcome the attendance of any in­ The undersigned, as Chairman of the Com­ fact that the FPC to date has filed no in­ terested Members of the House and Sen­ mission on the Organization of the Govern­ dependent environmental impact statement ate at the hearings scheduled in room ment of the District of Columbia, established but simply circulated the applicant's state­ under authority of Public Law 91-405, as ment for comment; in spite of the fact that 2125 of the House Interstate and Foreign amended, hereby gives notice that the Oom­ the Commission has summarily denied every Commerce hearing room on Thursday mission will hold public hearings in the motion by the intervening parties; in short, afternoon and evening, Friday and Sat­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee in spite of what can at best be described urday the 11th, 12th, and 13th of No­ Committee Hearing Room, Room 2125 of the as a dismal track record of agency concern vember. For further information please Rayburn House Office Building (East en­ for the interest of the public, I hope these call the Commission office at 386-5577. trance), commencing at 2:00 p.m. Thursday, hearings will set the tone for such an ag­ I insert the letter notice sent to over November 11, 1971, and at 10:00 a.m. Friday, gressive inquiry. November 12, 1971. These public hearings Finally, the scope of this inquiry cannot 600 organizations in the District of Co­ have been scheduled to afford interested be restricted to the narrow consideration of lumbia to be reprinted in full in the parties an opportunity to present their views the specific power line in question. That is­ RECORD: concerning matters relevant to the declared why, when I filed my intervention petition, COMMISSION ON THE ORGANIZATION policy of Congress in establishing this Com­ I included specific language aimed at raising OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DIS­ mission, that is, to promote economy, the broader issues of lmpa.ct that this deci­ TRICT OF COLUMBIA, emctency, an d improved service in the trans­ sion will have on the ecology of the entire Washington, D.C. October 15, 1971. action of the public business in the depart­ Hudson Valley. I again urge the Commission DEAR F'RIEND: On behalf of the Commis­ me_nts, bureaus, agencies, boards, commis­ to carefully and closely study the long range sion on the Organization of the Government sions, offices, independent establishments, impact that approval of this proposed line of the District of Columbia, I am sending this and instrumentalities of the Government of will have on nearby and adjacent areas in letter to many organizations in the District the District of Columbia. the Hudson Valley region as well as in of Columbia to inform them of the public While the hearings will not encompass the Greene County. By PASNY's own admission, hearings which our Commission will hold subject of home rule, the following general this power line ls only the beginning in the November 11 and 12, 1971. The hearings wlll functional or managerial areas of concern November 11, 1971 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40841 are being studied by the Commission and the Russians by their own standards and give lished $2,400 level but do not feel they will constitute the agenda for the public them the benefit of the doubt. They do not have the public's support or sufficient hearings: always realize, unfortunately, that the Reds 1. The organization a.nd internal manage­ are not there to negotiate honestly but to votes. ment of the District of Columbia Govern­ grab as much as they can" It is estimated that of the some 20 ment; The germ of this reflex was there when million Americans over· age 65, 5 million 2. The executive management processes, Mr. Nixon announced his visit to Peiping. are living on wages below poverty levels; especially as they relate to the Mayor/Com­ But it wasn't as intense. China is a new another million are at the "near poor" missioner and the District of Columbia state. Though some ethnics objected, the category; while still more are reaching Council, and whether the local government overwhelming majority accepted the Peiping this state due to higher living costs and is responsive to the needs of residents and trip. It could place the Kremlin on the de­ restrictions placed on senior citizens. others whom it serves; fensive, we felt, weakened Moscow's political 3. The efficiency of the District of Colum­ and diplomatic impact and gave them some­ Thus it appears the welfare reform bia Government personnel systems, activities, thing to worry about. program is making more of our elders functions, etc.; Resistance to Soviet pressures increased in paupers and thereby cheating them out 4. The fiscal affairs and financial manage­ Eastern Europe and the Balkans. of what they rightfully deserve. ment of the District Government, including: But now comes the mission to Moscow It is one thing to talk about guaran­ a.n analysis of revenue a.nd expenditure which seems to calm all Soviet fears. teeing welfare recipients a specific sum, trends; a. study of the budget process, long­ Every American President in the last gen­ term capital financing, the balanced budget eration or so has come to that moment but the financial burden placed on the concept, program budgeting, grants-in-a.id, when he convinced himself that he can working sector of our Nation is quite and enterprise funding; accounting and in­ "reason together," eye-ball to eye-ball with another. It is said, with good basis, that ternal auditing; ADP and MIS, a.nd financial the men in the Kremlin. half of the country will be working to reporting; Mr. Nixon's announcement that he is going support the other half. 5. The efficiency and effectiveness of the to Moscow came as an anti-climax. All the And what incentive will there be for regulatory procedures (including the issuance psychological, political and diplomatic ad­ people to work, or even be foolish enough of licenses and permits) in effect in the Dis­ vantages seen in the Sino-American meeting to save, since big brother will take care trict of Columbia and conformance to the seem to be slipping away. D.C. Administrative Procedure Act; Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin can of them? 6. Public education in the District of crow again that all roads lead to Moscow. The original intent of social security Columbia, both the public school system "The President took a. step backwards," was to aid those who qualified for pay­ and public higher education; primarily as it said one exile leader. ments t;o an income as a supplement t;o relates to administration and management Back flashed pictures of Franklin Roose­ a regular retirement plan. But, the so­ and not course content or curriculum prob­ velt at Yalta, Harry Trum&n at Potsdam, cialist planners now look at social se­ lems; Dwight D. Eisenhower in Geneva, John Ken­ curity as a welfare plan. 7. A study to improve the integration/co­ nedy in Vienna and Lyndon Johnson in ordination/effectiveness of youth services Glassboro, N.J. That President Nixon could The social security program needs to delivery in the District of Columbia; have refused the Kremlin's invitation in an be revised, but I suggest that it does not 8. Greater utilization of private sector as­ election year is a moot point. belong as part of any so-called welfare sistance to the D.C. Government; Mr. Nixon's political adversaries are al­ reform program. 9. A housing study and inquiry into func­ ready discounting his trip as political ploys. I introduced a bill which would provide tions performed by National Capital Housing This is hardly fair. The President deserves for at least a 10-percent social security Authority, Redevelopment Land Agency, honest appreciation for his goal of a "genera­ Board of Zoning Appeals, a.nd Model Cities tion of peace." benefit effective January 1, of this year, Program, as well as the private sector; And perhaps the scars and memories of but it was reduced t;o 5 percent by a 10. A study of delivery systems for health the last 35 years have made some of us too majority vote of the House when H.R. 1 services; and cynical. But when dealing with the Russians passed the House last June. 11. A contemplated study of procurement there is only one truism: I further proposed that there be an practices in D.C. Government contracting. One must deal from a position of strength. automatic cost-of-living increase clause Accommodation in the Soviet mind has in the program so as to provide continu­ always been only a way-station on an in­ ous benefit increases based on the in­ exorable march to domination. UNITED STATES, KREMLIN SUM­ creasing living costs t;o be completed each MITS CAN GIVE CASE OF JITTERS fiscal quarter. This was included in H.R. 1, but now that the bill is delayed SENIOR CITIZENS GOLD TURNS TO it is hard t;o determine its future on final HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI BRASS RING passage. OF ILLINOIS Other bills I introduced or cosponsored IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. J. HERBERT BURKE included legislation which would award Thursday, November 11, 1971 OF FLORIDA increases in benefits to a widow, from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 82 % percent, which she currently re­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as the ceives t;o 100 percent. These proposals, · news media looks ahead in commentary Thursday, November 11, 1971 together with the need for improvements and forecast to the forthcoming trip by Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, in the medicare program and others too President Nixon to Peking and Moscow, the Senate has the so-called welfare re­ numerous to mention, are reasons the so­ it is well to keep in mind the pattern of form bill, H.R. 1 on the slow burner and cial security amendments should be re­ previous summit meetings. This paint is as a result millions of needy retirees are viewed as separate items, rather than very properly made by international cor­ stewing while waiting for the much tossing them in with welfare questions. respondent Dumitru Danielopol in the needed social security changes and bene­ There are 985,690 people over the age following article which appeared in the fit increases. of 65 living in Florida today, which com­ Aurora, ID., Beacon-News on October 22: H.R. l, which passed the House on prises almost one-sixth of the State's UNITED STATES, KREMLIN SUMMITS CAN GIVE June 22, 1971, and was hailed as the wel­ population. Furthermore, our senior CASE OF JITTERS fare reform bill tied the social security citizens compose one-tenth of the Na­ (By Dumltru Danielopol) amendments to this welfare bill. tion's population, are one of our Nation's WASHINGTON.-Every time I hear of a "sum­ The supporters of H.R. 1 did this for largest minority, and yet they became mit" meeting between a. U.S. president a.nd one reason. There is strong congressional political pawns in the arguments on Kremlin leaders I get the jitters. support for increasing social security for welfare. Men from lands behind the Iron Curtain They have been penalized for working have a "Pavolvian" reaction at the word our elderly, but there was not real great "summit." support for guaranteeing an income for throughout the years since the social se­ Pa.st meetings have proved so disastrous those on welfare. For this reason the two curity was a pay-as-you-work program, for our countries, for the West and the United programs were tied together as one pack­ paid into by the employee with the hope States that our first question is: age and the elderly today are the losers. for a chance t;o enjoy their golden years, "What are the Americans going to give The Senate is reluctant to take up the but alas, they now find that the gold away this time?" provisions since many of the liberal block has turned into a brass ring which they "The trouble with these meetings," said want the guaranteed income for welfare cannot even grab, since the Senate has a one exile leader "is that the Americans judge recipients increased above the estab- hold on it.