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National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic Resources Important for Food and Agriculture for the period 2018–2022 The National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic Resources Important for Food and Agriculture for the period 2018–2022 was prepared by the team of authors led by the Ministry of Agriculture, which included experts from the Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Institute of Animal Science and other ex- ternal experts and consultants. Authors: ZEDEK, Vlastimil, KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Iva, KOSOVÁ, Martina, HOLUBEC, Vojtěch, MÁTLOVÁ, Věra, KOMÍNEK, Petr, PAPOUŠKOVÁ, Ludmila, NOVOTNÝ, David, JANOVSKÁ, Dagmar Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Těšnov 17, 110 00 Prague 1. All rights reserved. Copying of any part without citing, commercial reproduction or other use of any part of this publication without permission from the rihgtsholder will be understood as the unauthorized interference with the copyrights. © Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020 ISBN: 978-80-7434-569-2 978-80-7434-385-8 (Czech version) National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic Resources Important for Food and Agriculture Strategic and programme document for the period 2018–2022 Dear readers, We are delighted to present you the updated National Pro- properties that determine the soil fertility. These negative gramme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and changes in agriculture are today significantly increased by im- Microbial Genetic Resources Important for Food and Agricul- pacts of changing climate and the deterioration of other key ture for the period 2018–2022. environmental components such as the quality of soil and the quality and quantity of surface water and groundwater. The intensification of agriculture since the 1950’s has conside- rably narrowed the spectrum of plants and animals used in One of the answers to these current challenges is to continue conventional agriculture in the Czech Republic. Modern high- with research and breeding of plant varieties and animal -yielding plant varieties and highly productive animal breeds breeds that may have a slightly lower yield and production fi- have begun to predominate in agriculture. The current agricul- gures but are more resistant to the effects of climate change, tural system is likewise highly dependent on man-made energy new pests and diseases and do not need high level inputs of in the form of fertilizers, feeds and application of plant protec- chemicals and energy for their prosperity. tion products and pharmaceuticals. A sufficient number and a wide spectrum of genetic resources However, with the gradual globalization of agriculture and due in genebanks and field collections and especially the knowledge to overall loss of natural habitats, biodiversity of crops and of their specific properties provide a solution to the above- animals has been reduced worldwide. If we realize that the -mentioned problems. The National Programme on Conser- global agricultural food production currently depends on vation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic about ten species of plants and five species of domesticated Resources Important for Food and Agriculture provides for animals, this low level of diversity poses a real risk for the fu- evaluation of genetic resources and obtained information can ture sustainability of agriculture. be maximally used for further research, breeding and educati- on. The overall reduction of diversity of cultivated plants and far- med animals, eutrophication of the landscape and the high use We are convinced that the long-term conservation, descripti- of chemical inputs cause further reduction of diversity of on and sustainable use of a wide range of genetic resources other organisms dependent on agroecosystems, e.g. in- are the key elements for ensuring the future food security. vertebrates, such as pollinators, insect antagonists, predators and microorganisms. Soil microorganisms and other edaphon Section of Agricultural Commodities play a key role in the soil-forming process and influence the and Organic Farming 3 NATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT, ANIMAL AND MICROBIAL GENETIC RESOURCES IMPORTANT FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Table of contents Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................3 THE NATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT, ANIMAL AND MICROBIAL GENETIC RESOURCES IMPORTANT FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOR THE PERIOD 2018–2022 ..................................................................................................................................6 I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................6 2. The definition of biological diversity .......................................................................................................................................................6 3. The role of biodiversity in the agricultural sector ...............................................................................................................................6 4. Genetic resources for food and agriculture and their value .............................................................................................................7 5. The international strategic and legal framework of the National Programme ..............................................................................7 6. The European strategic and legal framework of the National Programme ...................................................................................8 7. The national strategic and legal framework of the National Programme ......................................................................................8 8. The objective and goals of the National Programme ..........................................................................................................................9 9. The content of the National Programme ..............................................................................................................................................9 10. The structure of the National Programme .........................................................................................................................................10 11. The organization of the National Programme ....................................................................................................................................11 12. Financing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................11 13. Duration of the National Programme ...................................................................................................................................................12 14. Action plan for implementing the National Programme ...................................................................................................................12 SPECIFIC PART – SUBPROGRAMMES ................................................................................................................14 A. The National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources and Agrobiodiversity ..........................................................................................................................................14 I. Mission and aims ........................................................................................................................................................................................14 2. The state of the collections ....................................................................................................................................................................14 3. Structure and organisation ......................................................................................................................................................................15 4. Specific methodological activities ..........................................................................................................................................................16 5. Conditions for inclusion in the National Programme for Plant GR ..............................................................................................18 6. International cooperation ........................................................................................................................................................................18 7. Utilization of GR and the services provided ......................................................................................................................................19 8. Plan of specific activities ..........................................................................................................................................................................20 B. The National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources Important for Food and Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................24
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