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Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
0714685003.Pdf
CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics. -
Index to the US Department of State Documents Collection, 2010
Description of document: Index to the US Department of State Documents Collection, 2010 Requested date: 13-May-2010 Released date: 03-December-2010 Posted date: 09-May-2011 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Officer Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL US Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Notes: This index lists documents the State Department has released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) The number in the right-most column on the released pages indicates the number of microfiche sheets available for each topic/request The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. -
Different Shades of Black. the Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament
Different Shades of Black. The Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament Ellen Rivera and Masha P. Davis IERES Occasional Papers, May 2019 Transnational History of the Far Right Series Cover Photo: Protesters of right-wing and far-right Flemish associations take part in a protest against Marra-kesh Migration Pact in Brussels, Belgium on Dec. 16, 2018. Editorial credit: Alexandros Michailidis / Shutter-stock.com @IERES2019 Different Shades of Black. The Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament Ellen Rivera and Masha P. Davis IERES Occasional Papers, no. 2, May 15, 2019 Transnational History of the Far Right Series Transnational History of the Far Right Series A Collective Research Project led by Marlene Laruelle At a time when global political dynamics seem to be moving in favor of illiberal regimes around the world, this re- search project seeks to fill in some of the blank pages in the contemporary history of the far right, with a particular focus on the transnational dimensions of far-right movements in the broader Europe/Eurasia region. Of all European elections, the one scheduled for May 23-26, 2019, which will decide the composition of the 9th European Parliament, may be the most unpredictable, as well as the most important, in the history of the European Union. Far-right forces may gain unprecedented ground, with polls suggesting that they will win up to one-fifth of the 705 seats that will make up the European parliament after Brexit.1 The outcome of the election will have a profound impact not only on the political environment in Europe, but also on the trans- atlantic and Euro-Russian relationships. -
Killing Hope U.S
Killing Hope U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II – Part I William Blum Zed Books London Killing Hope was first published outside of North America by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London NI 9JF, UK in 2003. Second impression, 2004 Printed by Gopsons Papers Limited, Noida, India w w w.zedbooks .demon .co .uk Published in South Africa by Spearhead, a division of New Africa Books, PO Box 23408, Claremont 7735 This is a wholly revised, extended and updated edition of a book originally published under the title The CIA: A Forgotten History (Zed Books, 1986) Copyright © William Blum 2003 The right of William Blum to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Cover design by Andrew Corbett ISBN 1 84277 368 2 hb ISBN 1 84277 369 0 pb Spearhead ISBN 0 86486 560 0 pb 2 Contents PART I Introduction 6 1. China 1945 to 1960s: Was Mao Tse-tung just paranoid? 20 2. Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style 27 3. Greece 1947 to early 1950s: From cradle of democracy to client state 33 4. The Philippines 1940s and 1950s: America's oldest colony 38 5. Korea 1945-1953: Was it all that it appeared to be? 44 6. Albania 1949-1953: The proper English spy 54 7. Eastern Europe 1948-1956: Operation Splinter Factor 56 8. Germany 1950s: Everything from juvenile delinquency to terrorism 60 9. Iran 1953: Making it safe for the King of Kings 63 10. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Exporting Mrs. Consumer: The American Woman in Italian Culture, 1945-1975 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kv6s20v Author Harris, Jessica Lynne Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Exporting Mrs. Consumer: The American Woman in Italian Culture, 1945-1975 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Jessica Lynne Harris 2016 © Copyright by Jessica Lynne Harris 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Exporting Mrs. Consumer: The American Woman in Italian Culture, 1945-1975 by Jessica Lynne Harris Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Brenda Stevenson, Co-chair Professor Geoffre W. Symcox, Co-chair “Exporting Mrs. Consumer: The American Woman in Italian Culture, 1945-1975” examines the development and growth of a mass consumer-based society in Italy after the Second World War. Employing a gendered and transnational approach, the dissertation puts women at the center of the analysis by specifically focusing on American female consumer culture’s influence on Italian women’s lives from 1945-1975. This study, in contrast to existing literature on the topic, provides a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of the models and messages of American female consumer culture in Italy during this period, how they influenced Italian women, and the extent of this culture’s influence. Furthermore, the analysis of the intersection of the modern “American woman” (the white middle-class suburban American ii housewife), consumerism, and Italian female culture and identities provides new insight into the unique cultural relationship between the United States and Italy following the Second World War. -
L'attivita' Di Guerin Serac E Dell'aginter Press L'attivita
L’ATTIVITA’ DI GUERIN SERAC E DELL’AGINTER PRESS L’ATTIVITA’ DELL’AGINTER PRESS PREMESSA GENERALE L’APPUNTO S.I.D. DEL 16.12.1969 Nel maggio del 1974, un gruppo di militanti appartenenti al nuovo Governo portoghese, nato dalla Rivoluzione dei Garofani dell’aprile precedente, faceva irruzione nei locali di un’agenzia di stampa al civico 13 di Rua des Pracas, a Lisbona, dove un funzionario della PIDE, l’ex polizia politica del regime salazarista, aveva rivelato celarsi, sotto la copertura dell’agenzia AGINTER PRESS, una centrale di informazioni che aveva lavorato per la PIDE stessa. Nei locali semi-abbandonati dell’agenzia, frequentata saltuariamente solo da un impiegato dopo gli eventi del 25.4.1974, veniva rinvenuta, oltre a un enorme archivio con documenti e microfilm riguardanti ogni Continente e Paese del mondo, un’officina per la fabbricazione di falsi documenti, comprese tessere di giornalisti e di poliziotti, di numerosi Paesi nonchè visti e timbri relativi alle principali frontiere europee. Venivano anche rinvenuti documenti commerciali concernenti transazioni di notevole entità e libri contabili riguardanti i pagamenti di singoli militanti indicati con sigle e nomi cifrati. L’esame della documentazione proseguiva presso la Commissione di smantellamento della PIDE e, secondo i risultati di tale inchiesta, l’AGINTER PRESS era stata, sino all’aprile 1974, un centro di eversione internazionale, finanziato non solo dal Governo portoghese ma anche da altri Governi europei, dietro cui si celava: - un centro spionistico legato ai servizi segreti portoghesi e ad altri servizi segreti occidentali quali la C.I.A. e la rete tedesco-occidentale GEHLEN; - un centro di reclutamento e di addestramento di mercenari e terroristi specializzati in attentati e sabotaggi soprattutto nei Paesi del Terzo Mondo; - un’organizzazione fascista internazionale denominata “ORDRE ET TRADITION” e il suo braccio militare O.A.C.I. -
British Resistance Organisation Museum Newsletter No.15 – Part 1 Editorial
British Resistance Organisation Museum Newsletter No.15 – Part 1 Editorial The BROM newsletter caught me at a particularly busy time, midway through a series of large Auxiliary Units related projects. Therefore I called on some fellow researchers to help with the content this time and they have come up trumps. There are very few Auxiliers left now, but we are increasingly hearing from family members interested in a story that was all but unknown for many when their Auxilier relative was alive. New and interesting material continues to come to light on a regular basis. From Nina Hannaford Nina is the daughter and niece of Auxiliers and a researcher with the British Resistance Archive (also known as Coleshill Auxiliary Research team –CART). The last 12 months have seen two Aux Diaries transcribed. The first is the Roseland Diary from Cornwall which is held by the BROM. This patrol was based in Roseland Quarry near Liskeard which was owned and run by Auxilier Stafford Tucker. The diary was started by Sgt Bill Mewton, a local school caretaker. On his promotion to Lieutenant the patrol was taken over by Sgt Tom Williams and he continued the diary until September 1943.It gives a great insight into the patrol’s training, covering many miles overnight, weekend training at Porthpean and even an attack in Plymouth. In local shooting competitions with St Keynes Patrol, Roseland Patrol always emerged the victor. The second diary transcribed was the Southwick Diary from Hampshire which is now located in Hampshire Record Office. It was written by Sgt George Gatrall and shows the patrols code name was "St George", also mentioned is "St Vincent" patrol. -
LCSH Section O
O, Inspector (Fictitious character) O-erh-kʾun Ho (Mongolia) O-wee-kay-no Indians USE Inspector O (Fictitious character) USE Orhon River (Mongolia) USE Oowekeeno Indians O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate O-erh-kʾun River (Mongolia) O-wen-kʻo (Tribe) USE Phosmet USE Orhon River (Mongolia) USE Evenki (Asian people) O., Ophelia (Fictitious character) O-erh-to-ssu Basin (China) O-wen-kʻo language USE Ophelia O. (Fictitious character) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Evenki language O/100 (Bomber) O-erh-to-ssu Desert (China) Ō-yama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Ōyama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) O/400 (Bomber) O family (Not Subd Geog) O2 Arena (London, England) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) Ó Flannabhra family UF North Greenwich Arena (London, England) O and M instructors USE Flannery family BT Arenas—England USE Orientation and mobility instructors O.H. Ivie Reservoir (Tex.) O2 Ranch (Tex.) Ó Briain family UF Ivie Reservoir (Tex.) BT Ranches—Texas USE O'Brien family Stacy Reservoir (Tex.) OA (Disease) Ó Broin family BT Reservoirs—Texas USE Osteoarthritis USE Burns family O Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) OA-14 (Amphibian plane) O.C. Fisher Dam (Tex.) USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine USE Grumman Widgeon (Amphibian plane) BT Dams—Texas Hukatere (N.Z.) Oa language O.C. Fisher Lake (Tex.) O-kee-pa (Religious ceremony) USE Pamoa language UF Culbertson Deal Reservoir (Tex.) BT Mandan dance Oab Luang National Park (Thailand) San Angelo Lake (Tex.) Mandan Indians—Rites and ceremonies USE ʻUtthayān hǣng Chāt ʻŌ̜p Lūang (Thailand) San Angelo Reservoir (Tex.) O.L. -
Lobster18.Pdf
• Right-wing Terrorists and the Extraparliamentary Left in Post-World War 2 Europe: Collusion or Manipulation? • The SAS, their early days in Ireland and the Wilson Plot • AMBUSH: the war between the SAS and the IRA • The Pinay Circle and Destabilisation in Europe • Pinay 2: Jean Violet • Gordon Winter: Inside BOSS and After • Telecommunications at the End of the World • Print Lobster is Steven Dorril (0484 681388) and Robin Ramsay (0482 447558). David Teacher is European Correspondent. All written correspondence should be sent to Lobster 214 Westbourne Avenune, Hull, HU5 3JB. UK Right-wing Terrorists and the Extraparliamentary Left in Post-World War 2 Europe: Collusion or Manipulation? Jeffrey M. Bale In this essay, and the notes and sources that accompany it, there are many words from languages - French, Spanish, Portugese etc - which should have various accents on them. These accents have been omitted to simplify type-setting. This essay was first published in the Berkeley Journal of Sociology and is reprinted here with their permission. Right-wing terrorism is one of the most poorly-understood political phenomena of our time, so much so that many highly educated and knowledgeable people seem to be entirely unaware of its existence. There are two main reasons for this dangerously high level of ignorance. To some extent it is simply an inevitable by-product of the general absence of serious scholarly work devoted to the activities and ideologies of the extreme right since the end of World War 2, a lacuna that is almost invariably commented -
To What Extent Did Intelligence Contribute to Sweden Maintaining Its Non-Belligerence Throughout World War Two? by Jens Aklundh, George Burnett and Sean Harrison
DISKUSSION & DEBATT To What Extent did Intelligence Contribute to Sweden Maintaining its Non-belligerence throughout World War Two? by Jens Aklundh, George Burnett and Sean Harrison the evolution and activities of the Swed- mentary and entirely overt until the autumn ish intelligence community throughout the of 1939, when the secret G-section was cre- Second World War have been documented ated, headed by Carl Petersén.1 These two by historians, most notably, Wilhelm Carl- departments grew exponentially from 1939 gren and C.G. Mackay, yet the importance to 1942, when a large reorganization of the of intelligence has remained ambiguous. Swedish defense and intelligence commu- The invasion of Poland was a rude awaken- nity occurred. The G-section was renamed ing for the Swedish intelligence services, and the C-bureau, and the cryptanalysis sec- the German invasion of Norway and Den- tion of Adlercreuz’s office was created as a mark in April 1940 caught Sweden wholly separate agency, the FRA.2 Furthermore, all unprepared. Though Sweden was militarily other Swedish Intelligence activities, exclud- and diplomatically limited by the tides of ing the FRA, were now organized under the the war, she successfully managed to remain leadership of Daniel Landquist. Through- outside of the battlefields of Europe. As will out the war, all of Sweden’s intelligence was be demonstrated, Sweden, far from being a under military control. Swedish intelligence pawn the strategic development of the war, remained small by international standards was capable of safeguarding her non-bellig- though it did grow significantly, and was by erence. This was to a certain extent the re- 1945 an experienced community. -
Politics, Decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar Es Salaam C
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87426 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam c. 1965-72 by George Roberts A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of Warwick, Department of History, September 2016 Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam, c. 1965-72 Acknowledgements 4 Summary 5 Abbreviations and acronyms 6 Maps 8 Introduction 10 Rethinking the Cold War and decolonisation 12 The ‘Cold War city’ 16 Tanzanian history and the shadow of Julius Nyerere 20 A note on the sources 24 1 – From uhuru to Arusha: Tanzania and the world, 1961-67 34 Nyerere’s foreign policy 34 The Zanzibar Revolution 36 The Dar es Salaam mutiny 38 The creation of Tanzania 40 The foreign policy crises of 1964-65 43 The turn to Beijing 47 Revisiting the Arusha Declaration 50 The June 1967 government reshuffle 54 Oscar Kambona’s flight into exile 56 Conclusion 58 2 – Karibu Dar es Salaam: the political geography of a Cold War city 60 Dar es Salaam 61 Spaces 62 News 67 Propaganda