Drinking Water Protection Act Implementation

CITY OF POWELL RIVER

DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APRIL 2006

DAYTON & KNIGHT LTD. Consulting Engineers and WHITEHEAD ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. THIRD PARTY DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT

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CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1-1

2.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 2-1

2.1 Background...... 2-1 2.2 Existing Water System...... 2-1 2.3 Conduct of Study ...... 2-4 2.4 Acknowledgements...... 2-5

3.0 ASSESSMENT OF FACILITIES...... 3-1

3.1 Introduction...... 3-1 3.2 Method of Survey ...... 3-1 3.3 Results and Discussion ...... 3-3 3.4 Action Plan...... 3-6

4.0 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES REVIEW...... 4-1

4.1 Introduction...... 4-1 4.2 Method of Survey ...... 4-1 4.3 Results and Discussion ...... 4-3 4.4 Maintenance Surveys...... 4-4 4.4.1 Hydrants...... 4-9 4.4.2 Main Flushing/Cleaning...... 4-9 4.4.3 Pumps...... 4-11 4.4.4 PRV Stations...... 4-12 4.4.5 Chlorination Systems...... 4-12 4.4.6 Valves ...... 4-14 4.4.7 Facility Inspections ...... 4-15 4.4.8 Water Testing Program...... 4-16 4.4.9 Cross Connection Control Program...... 4-18

5.0 TREATMENT PLAN...... 5-1

5.1 Introduction...... 5-1 5.2 Method of Assessment...... 5-2 5.3 Results and Discussion ...... 5-3 5.3.1 Locations for Source Water Testing ...... 5-3 5.3.2 Test Plan and Parameters...... 5-3 5.3.3 Estimated C·t Values...... 5-5 5.3.4 Haslam Lake Water Treatment Upgrade ...... 5-6 5.3.5 Powell Lake Treatment Upgrade ...... 5-7 5.3.6 Supply Redundancy ...... 5-7 5.4 Cost Estimate ...... 5-8 5.5 Action Plan...... 5-8 5.6 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 5-9

6.0 MONITORING OF WATER SOURCES ...... 6-1

6.1 Introduction...... 6-1 6.2 Review of Water Quality Results ...... 6-1 6.3 Results...... 6-2 6.3.1 Source Water Quality...... 6-2 6.3.2 On-line Turbidity Monitoring...... 6-5 6.3.3 Chlorine Residuals...... 6-6 6.4 Action Plan...... 6-9 6.5 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 6-10

7.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ...... 7-1

7.1 Introduction...... 7-1 7.2 Existing Emergency Water Plan ...... 7-1 7.3 Discussion...... 7-2 7.4 Potential Emergency Situations ...... 7-4 7.4.1 Power Failure...... 7-4 7.4.2 Loss of Source...... 7-5 7.4.3 Loss of Transmission Main...... 7-6 7.4.4 Response to Positive Bacteriological Results...... 7-7 7.4.5 Failure of the Chlorination System...... 7-8 7.4.6 Response to Contamination of Source and/or Storage Reservoir...... 7-10 7.4.7 Unauthorized Access to Intake, Control Buildings or Storage Reservoir...... 7-10 7.4.8 Response to Water Quality Events ...... 7-11

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont’d.)

7.4.9 Response to Earthquake...... 7-12 7.4.10 Response to Chlorine Leak ...... 7-13 7.4.11 Response to Fire in the Watershed...... 7-14

8.0 HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED ASSESSMENT (by Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd.)...... 8-1

8.1 Introduction...... 8-1 8.1.1 Overview...... 8-1 8.1.2 Scope and Objectives...... 8-1 8.2 Methods...... 8-2 8.3 Assessment Results...... 8-3 8.3.1 Delineation and Characterization of the Drinking Water Source ...... 8-3 8.3.1.1 Watershed and Assessment Area Boundary ...... 8-4 8.3.1.2 Characteristics of the Watershed and Waterbody...... 8-4 8.3.2 Inventory of Potential Contaminants ...... 8-16 8.3.3 Robustness of Source Water Protection...... 8-20 8.3.4 Risk Assessment ...... 8-23 8.4 Source Water Risk Management Strategy ...... 8-31

APPENDICES

A Facility Assessment Forms and Photographs

B Operations and Maintenance – Best Management Practices (BCWWA)

• Distribution System Cleaning/Uni-directional Flushing • Cross Connection Control • Turbidity Monitoring and Reporting • Chlorine Disinfection and Monitoring

C SCADA - Overview

D.1 City of Powell River’s Current Emergency Water Plan D.2 Templates for Public Notification D.3 Best Management Practices (BCWWA) – Emergency Response Plan

E Watershed Assessment Appendices

E1 References E2 Stakeholder Questionnaire E3 Stakeholder Contact List E4 Stakeholder Responses

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The City of Powell River retained Dayton & Knight Ltd. (DKL) to develop a five-year action plan for the operation and maintenance of the existing drinking water infrastructure. The scope included six separate assignments in a “source to tap” approach for identifying deficiencies within the City’s drinking water system. The work is intended to provide guidance for the City to meet the current Drinking Water Protection Act and Regulation.

The City intends to integrate this plan with the results of the Long Term Water Supply Study (DKL, 2005).

The six tasks in the City’s scope of work were as follows:

• Assessment of Facilities • Maintenance Procedures Review • Treatment Plan • Monitoring of Water Sources • Emergency Response Plan • Watershed Assessment (the Watershed assessment was completed by Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd.)

Each task culminated in a list of action items. The action items are presented herein as a work plan by which the City can align their system with industry standards and other municipalities of a similar size. The action lists were prioritized based on perceived risk.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 1-1 The drinking water system was found to be in generally good condition, with knowledgeable system operators. Areas of improvement of the water system were generally found to be in upgrading aging infrastructure; improving water treatment to meet the new B.C. Drinking Water Regulations; updating the emergency response plan; and in general housekeeping tasks.

Table 1-1 summarizes the areas where improvements are recommended, as identified in this work.

TABLE 1-1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS Assignment Areas Where Improvements are Recommended • General maintenance of PRV stations. Assessment of Facilities • Seismic review/inspection of Wildwood storage tank. • Written maintenance programs for hydrants, valves, main flushing. Maintenance Procedure Review • SCADA – Training and system improvements. • General housekeeping. • Water sampling program to evaluate UV disinfection for Treatment Action Plan water treatment. • Water treatment plant upgrades. • Install turbidimeters. Monitoring of Water Sources • Optimize existing chlorination system. • Review additional procedures. Emergency Response Plan • Investigate back-up power generation at Wildwood booster station. • Review relocation of public road. • Increase level of security at water intake. Watershed Assessment • Structural review of intake. • Evaluate significance of shoreline erosion. • Monitoring.

Table 1-2 summarizes the estimated cost of the proposed improvements and the proposed annual expenditure for the next five years.

Other major improvements identified in the Long Term Water Supply Study (2005) that should be initiated over the next five years are:

• Construction of 2 – 4.5 ML reservoirs downstream of Haslam Lake: $3,120,000.

• Interconnection of Haslam Lake and Powell Lake Distribution Systems: $1,800,000. • Improvements to West Lake Intake and Supply Watermain (or ground water supply review): $894,000 (cost based on lake intake and supply watermain improvements).

TABLE 1-2 SUMMARY OF BUDGET COSTS Budget Costs Year (excluding GST) 2006 $338,750 2007 $2,016,000 2008 $37,000 2009 $39,000 2010 $752,500 Sub-Total $3,183,250 Sub-Total – Work Recommended in Long $7,489,000 Term Water Supply Study* Total Estimated Costs: Water System $10,672,250 Improvements

* Budget costs for Haslam Lake Water Treatment Upgrade have been removed from this figure and distributed in the 2006 to 2010 budget summary.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

The 2003 Drinking Water Protection Act resulted in changes to the City’s operating permit. The City decided to review its water distribution system and water treatment facilities to determine what upgrading requirements would be necessary to meet the new regulations.

Dayton & Knight Ltd. prepared a Long Term Water Study in 2005 for the City. The study evaluated the water supply sources, distribution system and provided recommendations for water treatment. The City’s computer water model was also updated. One of the study recommendations was that the Haslam Lake water source be interconnected with the Wildwood system. This would provide savings in constructing one water treatment plant to service all of Powell River, system redundancy if Powell Lake remains an emergency back-up supply, and increased reliability of overall system water quality with concerns over on-going development near the Powell Lake intake.

2.2 Existing Water System

The City has two independent supply and distribution systems. The Powell Lake system supplies water to Wildwood serving a population of approximately 1,300. The Haslam Lake system supplies water to Cranberry, Townsite and Westview serving a population of approximately 12,000. A third source, West Lake, has been utilized in the past but is

The City water facilities consists of the following:

I) Sources a. Haslam (supply to Westview, Townsite and Cranberry areas); b. Powell Lake (supply to Wildwood area); c. West Lake (currently not in service).

II) Treatment a. Haslam (chlorination); b. Powell Lake (chlorination); c. West Lake (none).

III) Pump Stations a. Powell Lake Intake; b. Wildwood Zone 7A Booster Station.

IV) Weirs a. Haslam Lake / Lang Creek weir.

V) Intakes a. Haslam Lake (gravity); b. Powell Lake (pump inlet); c. West Lake (not in service).

VI) Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV’s) a. Alberni and Plaza; b. Alberni and Fernwood; c. Aspen and Lombardy;

d. Complex Road Right-of-Way; e. Cranberry Street and Dogwood; f. Duncan and Works Yard; g. Duncan and Joyce; h. Harvie and Ann; i. Joyce and Thunder Bay; j. Joyce and Burnaby; k. Joyce and Complex; l. Kemano and Ontario; m. Marine and Alberni; n. Mowat and Cranberry; o. Nootka and Gordon Lane; p. Ontario and Hydro Right-of-Way; q. Penticton and Joyce; r. Penticton and Manson; s. Thunder Bay and Cariboo; t. Timberlane; u. Westview and Algerine; v. Westview and Scotia.

VII) Reservoirs a. Duncan Street (Welded Steel – abandoned); b. Wildwood Tank (Welded Steel – in service).

Diameter (mm) Length (m) 50 425 100 15,850 150 66,360 200 27,760 250 3,990 300 11,830 350 3,955 400 2,005 450 6,280 600 2,090 900 190

Pipe material includes asbestos cement, ductile iron, PVC and reinforced concrete pressure pipe.

2.3 Conduct of Study

An initialization meeting was held with City staff and Ms. Claire Bayless, P.Eng. of Dayton & Knight Ltd. and Mr. Alan Whitehead, R.P. Bio of Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd. on August 18, 2005. A field visit to the Haslam Lake, Powell Lake, and West Lake sources was conducted at this time.

Site reconnaissance of the water facilities was undertaken from September 26th to 29th, 2005 by Mr. Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo with City staff. Condition assessments were made and photos taken of each facility.

Engineering staff and water operators were interviewed by Mr. Al Kraus, C. Tech. during September 26th and 27th, 2005 on the City’s operations and maintenance procedures, to gain insight on how the City’s procedures compare with industry standards and the requirements of the Drinking Water Protection Regulation (2003).

The following documents were reviewed in preparation of this study:

1. Corporation of the District of Powell River – Long Term Water Supply Study, Dayton & Knight Ltd., May 2005. 2. Water Supply and Distribution System, Reid Crowther & Partners, 1979. 3. Water Quality Survey of West Lake, Powell River, B.C. Research Ltd., 1973. 4. West Lake Water Supply, R.J. Cove & Associates, 1957.

This assignment was undertaken by Ms. Claire Bayless, P.Eng., Mr. Al Kraus, C.Tech., and Mr. Tjandra Tjandrotekodjojo, Mr. Victor Wong, P.Eng. with review by Mr. Jack Lee, P.Eng. and Mr. Sean Brophy, P.Eng. of Dayton & Knight Ltd. The watershed assessment was undertaken by Mr. Alan Whitehead, R.P.Bio of Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd. as a sub-consultant to Dayton & Knight Ltd.

2.4 Acknowledgments

The study team wishes to thank the City’s staff for their cooperation in completing this task and specifically Mr. Richard Stogre, A.Sc.T., Mr. Shawn Cator, A.Sc.T., Mr. Barry Jantz, Mr. Tom Hoehn, and Mr. Doug Coe.

In addition, the assistance of the following persons during the completion of the watershed assessment is gratefully acknowledged:

Mrs. Teedie Kagume, Coordinator, Powell River Historical Museum and Archives; Mr. Rob Martin, Planning Officer for Timber Sales, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Campbell River; Mr. Bill Hughes, Mr. Rob Crookshank, and Mr. Alan Shaw of the Ministry of Forests, Powell River; Mr. Don Macleod, Cranberry Ratepayers Association; Ms. Debbie Waslewski, Wildwood Ratepayers; Mr. Mike Leahy, resident; Eagle Waltz, Powell River Parks and Wilderness Society; Mr. Andrew Davis, Townsite Ratepayers Association; Ms. Pam Dowding, Community Advisory Group to Stillwater Timberlands Cascadia; Mr. Dave Hodgins, Powell River ATV Club; and others.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

3.0 ASSESSMENT OF FACILITIES

3.1 Introduction

The City required that a facility assessment of the water supply systems be undertaken. The objective was to identify items where maintenance or replacement is required, and to prioritize the items in terms of level of risk. Risk was evaluated based on the likelihood and the consequence of a failure. This included waterworks, pressure reducing stations, intakes, chlorination stations, pumping stations, weir and reservoirs.

3.2 Method of Survey

The field assessment was conducted in Powell River between September 26th and 29th, 2005 by Mr. Tjandra Tjandrotekodjojo of Dayton & Knight Ltd. Operations staff were present during the field assessment to provide access to facilities and background information. Condition forms filled out over the course of the survey are attached with accompanying photographs in Appendix A.

The assessment of the condition of the station and installed equipment, resulted in a Condition Grade being assigned to each component of the station. An overall Condition Grade was also assigned to components in each discipline (Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical) as follows:

A Condition Grade of 1 = Excellent 2 = Good 3 = Fair

Items identified as requiring repair were assigned a Repair Category to represent the extent of the repair. A Repair Type indicates the reason for the repair.

A repair type of:

1 = Health and Safety 2 = Resolve Utility 3 = Arrest Deterioration 4 = Conform to Code

An Urgency rating was also assigned to each repair, and any repair with Urgency of 1 or 2 was assigned an order of magnitude cost.

An urgency of:

1 = Immediate 2 = 12 – 18 months 3 = 18 – 36 months 4 = 36 – 60 months 5 = >60 months

The purpose of this was to assist in prioritizing the resources needed for water system improvements for inclusion in future budgets. This information is prioritized in the Water Facility Action Plan (Table 3-1).

A Confidence Index was assigned to the Condition Grading based on varying available data and the extent of inspection possible:

Page 3-2 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 A Confidence Index of 1 = Inspected and well documented 2 = Inspected and partly documented 3 = Partly inspected and partly documented 4 = Not inspected and well documented 5 = Not inspected and partly documented

A repair cost estimate was provided based on previous experience with similar work.

The following water system components were evaluated:

• Water Supply Sources – Haslam Lake, Powell Lake, and West Lake, • Powell Lake and Haslam Lake chlorination facilities, • Powell Lake pumphouse and Wildwood Zone 7A Booster Station, • Haslam/Lang Creek Weir, • Haslam Lake system PRV’s, • Wildwood and Duncan Street Reservoirs.

3.3 Results And Discussion

In general, the City’s PRV stations are in relatively good condition with the exception that most of the piping and valves have rust. This condition is typical of PRV facilities of similar age in other municipalities and normally will not affect the overall performance of the system. It is recommended that the City consider correcting the facilities with the highest level of rust at the PRVs noted in Section 3.4. The pressure reducing valves should be inspected and overhauled to the manufacturer’s recommended schedule.

Surge pilots should be considered for any pressure reducing type of automatic valve 4” ø or larger. Even if a relief valve is available, the surge pilot would preclude discharge of water to waste. A surge pilot affects the ability of the valve to rapidly respond to downstream pressures. Typically set a few pounds above the normal downstream

The City also would like to consider the addition of a bypass line at the PRV stations to allow the PRV to be serviced. A bypass line with a globe valve for throttling flow would be a suitable option.

There has been no reported issues with the 513,000 L steel storage tank servicing the Wildwood area. A void space was observed between the tank base and ground around the piping on the north side of the tank. The tank has reportedly not been cleaned since it was erected. The tank is approximately 40 years old, and as such, it is recommended that an inspection of the interior for corrosion and sediment build-up be conducted. At the same time, a seismic review of the structure should be undertaken to evaluate the need for an upgrade (for example, a concrete ring beam at the base).

It is recommended that the abandoned steel storage tanks on Duncan Street not be reactivated. The Long Term Water Supply Study (DKL, 2005) recommended the phased construction of two larger, 4.5 ML tanks to serve the Haslam system. The new tanks would be constructed to meet the current AWWA (American Water Works Association) standards, as well as the current National Building Code seismic standards.

The Haslam water system currently does not have an on-line storage reservoir. The proposed phased construction of the two 4.5 ML tanks would allow for short temporary shutdowns of the Haslam source for emergencies and maintenance. The reservoir would also augment demands from the lake under peak hour conditions.

The City is concerned that the ground overlying the existing 900 mm ø supply watermain has settled, forming a trench like depression that collects and ponds surface water runoff for much of the year (Photo 3.1). The presence of this water would impede emergency repairs to the supply line. In addition, this condition could present a severe risk of contamination due to surface water intrusion should the supply line underneath break and

The Long Term Water Supply Study also recommended that the City plan to replace the 900 mm ø supply watermain extending from Haslam Lake. The concrete watermain is nearing its design life of 50 years. The supply line is critical for water supply to the City and as such cannot be taken out of service during replacement. This would require twinning of the watermain for replacement.

The Haslam Lake Weir was constructed in 2001, and was found to be in generally good condition. The walkway along the weir that would be used to facilitate baffle installation and maintenance has been disassembled and removed from the site. It is recommended that the condition of this structure be re-evaluated after five years.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 3-5 The Powell Lake pump house, Wildwood booster station, and Haslam chlorination station were found to be generally good condition. No previous deficiencies were reported.

Back-up power generation is currently not provided at the Powell Lake pump station and Wildwood Booster Station. Emergency storage is provided to the low pressure Zone 7 by the Wildwood tank. However, during a power outage, the three pumps serving pressure Zone 7A: the jockey pump, duty pump, and fire pump would not be available for service. The Haslam Lake chlorination building has a generator for back-up power. There is also a spare booster pump for the chlorination and a standby chlorine injector.

Source water protection at Haslam Lake is discussed in detail in Section 8. Managing source water supplies is discussed in greater detail in Section 5 and 6.

3.4 Action Plan

The proposed Action Plan for items identified in the Facility Assessment is provided in Table 3-1.

TABLE 3-1 WATER FACILITY ACTION PLAN Item Concerns Recommendation Estimated Cost 2006 - Inititiate 3.1 Haslam Lake concrete supply line Study replacement options of 900 $15,000 nearing design life of 50 years mm ø Haslam Lake supply line 3.2 No back-up power for pumps Back-up power generation at $15,000 servicing the Wildwood high Wildwood booster station and pressure (7A) Zone Powell Lake Pump Station. 3.3 Water collection above Haslam Investigate draining area above $10,000 transmission main transmission main and recontouring ground. 3.4 Appearance of voids below • Structural Review and $20,000 Wildwood steel tank. recommendations for seismic upgrade • Inspection of interior of tank $5,000 for corrosion

Item Concerns Recommendation Estimated Cost 3.5 Penticton and Joyce PRV: • exposed rebar • patch exposed rebar $500 • 180° return pipe for air release $500 valve 3.6 Harvie and Ann PRV: • 180° return pipe for air release $250 valve 3.7 Alberni and Plaza PRV: • 180° return pipe for air release $250 valve 3.8 Marine and Alberni PRV: • Exposed fitting/junction box • Remove light fixture $250 connection on light fixture 3.9 Duncan and Joyce PRV: • 180° return pipe for air release $500 valve 3.10 Thunderbay and Cariboo PRV: • 180° return pipe for air release $500 valve Sub-Total $67,750 2007 3.11 Recommendations for Item 3.1 • Implement recommendations Dependent on recommended action from review. 3.12 Back-up power for Wildwood • Detailed design and $60,000 System construction (Wildwood Booster Station) $120,000 (Powell Lake Pump Station) 3.13 Recommendations for Item 3.3. • Implement recommendations Dependent on recommended action from review. 3.14 Mowat and Cranberry PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping 3.15 Alberni and Fernwood PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping 3.16 Joyce and Complex • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve $9,000 3.17 Joyce and Burnaby PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping Sub-Total $216,000

Item Concerns Recommendation Estimated Cost 2008 3.18 Aspen and Lombardi PRV • Inlet gate valves rusty • Remove and re-coat $1,000 3.19 Kemano and Ontario PRV • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping 3.20 Westview and Algerine PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping 3.21 Westview and Scotia PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping 3.22 Nootka and Gordon Lane PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping Sub-Total $37,000 2009 3.23 Complex Road ROW PRV: • Rust on valve and piping • Sandblast and re-coat valve and $9,000 piping

Sub-Total $9,000 2010 3.24 Haslam Weir • Inspect weir $2,500 Sub-Total $2,500

Estimated Five Year Total Cost: $332,250

Refer to condition assessment forms in Appendix A for other recommended small repairs (i.e. surge pilots) at individual PRV stations.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

4.0 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE REVIEW

4.1 Introduction

A maintenance procedure review was undertaken on September 26 and 27, 2005 in Powell River with the City’s water system engineering and operations staff. Operations and maintenance procedures were surveyed to determine where redundancies or gaps exist that would typically be expected for a municipality of similar size.

4.2 Method of Survey

A review of day-to-day operations and maintenance procedures for major water system components was conducted by Mr. Allan Kraus, C.Tech., and review of water testing program and SCADA was conducted by Ms. Claire Bayless, P.Eng. and Mr. Victor Wong, P.Eng., respectively.

Operations and maintenance practices were reviewed for utility strengths, opportunities for improvement, and recommended actions. Engineering and operations staff involved with the water system were interviewed, and a field review of some of the major water system components was conducted. Operations staff were present during the field review and provided background information. The water system components that were visited were as follows:

a) Powell Lake and Haslam Lake chlorination facilities. b) Powell Lake intake pump house and Wildwood booster station.

Individual interviews were conducted with senior personnel involved with the water system, and each of the staff were asked to complete a self-assessment peer review questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaires was to provide a mechanism to determine the current performance level as perceived by the utility’s employees. Those staff interviewed were:

• Richard Stogre, Manager of Engineering Services (25 years service) • Barry Jantz, Director of Public Works (34 years service) • Shawn Cator, Roads & Water Technologist Engineering Services (10 years of service, 1.5 years in present position) • Tom Hoehn, Public Works Foreman (33 years service) • Doug Coe, Waterworks Technician (30 years service)

The City requested that its operations and maintenance procedures for the following components be reviewed:

• Hydrants • Main flushing/cleaning • Pumps • PRV stations • Chlorination systems • Valves • Facility inspections • Water testing program • Cross Connection Control Program • Daily/weekly/monthly data collection

Page 4-2 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 In addition, the City requested that a comparison of how their water system maintenance approach compared with other municipalities. For this, a survey form was sent to six B.C. municipalities. By the time of this writing, four municipalities had responded.

4.3 Results And Discussion

As a whole the utility was found to be operated and maintained in a professional manner. Utility staff appeared to be knowledgeable with regard to components and operational requirements of existing facilities.

Areas where opportunities were found for improvement in operations are:

• Written Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) for relevant operations and maintenance tasks, reporting structure, and a formal preventive maintenance program. • Record keeping: central databases, and records (log books and checklists) and documents (SOP’s, equipment manuals, facility schematics) to be located at the stations.

Operations staff were candid with regard to cyclical inspection and preventive maintenance programs. In general, scheduled maintenance and inspections were considered to cause unnecessary work and problems in the system (e.g. if it is working/not broken, leave it alone). Water systems staff appear to rely on senior operators to complete routine operational adjustments and maintenance. Correcting this situation may release supervisory personnel for other duties and improve system operations and maintenance.

A more proactive approach to developing maintenance routines could be beneficial in the following ways: training newer staff on running the system operations, planning for the replacement of equipment or parts (as part of asset management planning), detecting trends in data to flag for further assessment.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 4-3 In the event of a water quality problem implicating the City’s water supply system to a public illness, the importance of records management cannot be over stressed. Records must be capable of meeting due diligence requirements and detail mitigation procedures.

It is therefore considered essential that operations and maintenance programs be established throughout the water supply and distribution system. Senior staff and supervisors should develop a regular work routine and ensure staff is given clear direction for completion of tasks detailed for the day.

The results of the maintenance procedure review for each of the components is provided in the following sections.

4.4 Maintenance Surveys

Survey responses from the four participating municipalities were as follows:

Powell River compared with other municipalities in encouraging operator training. As with other municipalities, maintenance is done as required, however, some municipalities have reported having other standard operating procedures and routine maintenance procedures in place (i.e. reservoir cleaning/ inspecting, and unidirectional flushing programs). Two of the four respondents had valve exercising programs, while the other two incorporated valve exercising as part of their unidirectional flushing programs.

None of the other respondents had a cross connection control program in place, through one municipality was in the process of developing one.

The following Table 4-1 is a summary of the survey responses from the municipalities that participated in the questionnaire:

Page 4-4 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 TABLE 4-1 SUMMARY OF QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES City 1 City 2 City 3 City 4 Population 131,000 Population 6,484 Population 28,000 Population 34,742 Chlorination Station (if applicable) a) What types of maintenance procedures are performed, and what is the frequency of maintenance? All required maintenance is All components are maintained N/A We have only have a small performed in-house. annually (minimum) or more if station using hypo-chlorination Maintenance is performed per required. and 6% solution. The site is manufacturer’s specifications. inspected weekly with 24/7 SCADA monitoring. b) Do you keep inventory of spare parts? Yes Some. (In process of changing N/A No, have duplication of every systems) thing so system can run on either one of two systems. c) What types of records do you collect and how are they stored (log book, computer database)? Records of all maintenance All work performed in plants is Computer and log book SCADA system records chlorine performed, water quality, and recorded in a logbook in each (Tempest Software to track calls) levels, turbidity levels, on 24/7 flow data. Records kept in a data location. with alarming for low or high base. chlorine levels, power outages, communication failures, and intruder alarms. d) What are the requirements for staff training? EOCP Chlorine handler Must have a chlorine handler’s Water Distribution Level 1 and Small Water Systems EOCP Water treatment Levels ticket and OIT in WD (both Wastewater Collection Level 1 2&3 through EOCP) as a minimum. (minimum) EOCP Water distribution Levels 2&3 Valves a) What types of routine maintenance procedures are performed? All required maintenance We do an annual Unidirectional Valves exercised during Annual inspection and exercising Flushing (UDF) program. Unidirectional Flushing

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 4-5 City 1 City 2 City 3 City 4 Population 131,000 Population 6,484 Population 28,000 Population 34,742 No software program at this time – developing access based tracking system. b) Is there a valve exercising program? If so, what percentage of valves are exercised per year? Yes. All valves are exercised During the UDF program 50% of Yes, 100% each year. the valves are exercised. We try to get to the remaining 50% as time and resources allow. All valves are mapped, photo referenced and databased to record the work done and help find in deep snow conditions. c) Are specific maintenance procedures for critical valves performed? If so, how frequently? No Yes. Annually or as needed Not at this time Staff will locate, operate (checking for ease to turn), confirm is mapped on water system mapping and check for leaks. Also count number of turns for size. All problems are corrected immediately. Annually. Hydrants a) What types of maintenance procedures are performed? Not applicable for us - done by All hydrants – Spring – UDF “A Service” – completed tear Semi annual inspection in the City staff program including inspection, down of internal parts and spring including an annual flush. flow test, pressure test and replace o-rings and gaskets or Semi annual inspection in the external lubrication. worn parts fall. Semi annual brushing of All hydrants – Fall – Flush, lube vegetation growth in both late and drainage test. “B Service” – load hydrant, spring and fall. The inspections inspect for leaks, read pressure, are per the BC Fire Code and the turn off and check for drain time manufacturer’s to prevent freezing and damage recommendations. Disassembly and lubrication of internal parts

Page 4-6 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 City 1 City 2 City 3 City 4 Population 131,000 Population 6,484 Population 28,000 Population 34,742 occurs only when hydrant is used by Fire Department or Contractors under permit. Painting occurs every three years, with cleaning annually as required. b) What is the frequency of maintenance (about what percentage of hydrants undergo maintenance per year)? N/A One third of all hydrants are “A Service” – 50% annually 100% rebuilt each year (3 year (~250) program). “B Service” - 50% annually (~250) Main Flushing a) Do you have a main flushing program in place? Not applicable for us - done by Yes we do a complete UDF Yes Dead end main sections only; all City staff program for the entire other mains are cleaned every 5 distribution system. years under swabbing program. b) If so, about what percentage of lines are flushed per year? N/A 100% 50%+ 25% of dead ends. c) Do you pig the lines? N/A No No Yes d) Are there standard operating procedures in place for flushing and dechlorination testing? N/A Yes Yes Yes Pump Stations a) What types of maintenance procedures are performed, and what is the frequency of maintenance? Not applicable for us - done by As per manufactures General preventative Too varied to describe City staff recommendations (varies). maintenance conducted weekly; change oil semi-annually, check pump control valves yearly, and rebuild every 5 years; check electrical components annually; and vibration analysis performed

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 4-7 City 1 City 2 City 3 City 4 Population 131,000 Population 6,484 Population 28,000 Population 34,742 annually PRV’s a) What types of maintenance are performed, and what is the frequency of maintenance? Annual - replacement of Tested annually for pressure Weekly preventative Too varied to describe diaphrams etc. settings and the lead PRV’s are maintenance checks; exercise rebuilt annually. monthly; yearly tear down; and rebuild every 5 years Reservoirs a) What types of maintenance procedures are performed, and what is the frequency of maintenance? Annual cleaning by divers. Concrete reservoirs are tested Clean and inspect every 2 years Cleaning every 5 years. semi-monthly for chlorine utilizing divers Inspection weekly. Hatches are content and drained and cleaned monitored for intruders and on a 3 year program. alarmed by SCADA on 24/7 basis. General a) Do you keep an inventory of spare parts? How is it stored (log book, computer database)? Inventories are kept, no logs Stores department has a complete No Yes. Varied database program that inventories parts. b) How are housekeeping records kept? - Are there standard operating procedures for housekeeping records? Log books with standard In log books in the plants. Standard operating forms are No operating procedures. kept in manual filing system except hydrants are computer entered into access database c) Do you keep database(s) of equipment service records? No Yes, mechanics record this data. Yes Hard copy in notebooks d) Do you have a cross connection control program in place? Not applicable. May be done by We are developing one now. No No City staff.

Hydrant maintenance records are kept, however, there is no formal operations and maintenance procedure currently in place by the City for operation and maintenance of hydrants. In general, visual inspections should be made per the National Fire Code and per manufacturer’s recommendations. Manufacturers generally recommend that hydrants should be exercised a minimum of once per year; the hydrant is pressurized to look for visible leaks and then closed to check the drain. In addition, a complete teardown is recommended after prolonged use by firefighters or contractors to check for damage (i.e. debris caught between the valve and the valve disc.) Records should be kept of inspections.

Table 4-2 summarizes opportunities of improvement and recommended actions.

TABLE 4-2 HYDRANTS Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Hydrants are numbered. • Hydrant maintenance. • Establish scheduled inspections & preventive • Record cards are created • Backflow prevention and maintenance program. for hydrant data. hydrant permitting for contractor use (cross • Color code hydrants by • Hydrant maintenance connection control). volume – use water model cards kept. to determine.

4.4.2 Main Flushing/Cleaning

The British Columbia Water and Waste Association has developed a “Best Management Practices for Distribution System Cleaning/Uni-directional Flushing”. The Best Management Practices recommend that pipes are flushed in the spring and/or fall “to maintain water quality, maximize hydraulic capacity, and remove stagnant water from dead ends, and in response to non-compliant samples or customer complaints”. A copy of these Best Management Practices is included in Appendix B.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 4-9 The City typically flushes some of the distribution system dead ends in the fall and spring, but no formal program is in place. It is recommended that the City utilize their water model to develop a Unidirectional Flushing Program.

The Wildwood steel storage tank has not been cleaned since its construction. The tank is approximately 40 years old. However, water quality has not reportedly been an issue. Water is chlorinated prior to entering the reservoir. The water quality, including chlorine residual, at the Wildwood storage tank should continue to be monitored, and regular inspections should be conducted to check for corrosion and sediment accumulation and general need for cleaning. To avoid taking the tank offline, the City could investigate utilizing divers for tank inspection and cleaning.

Table 4-3 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for main flushing and cleaning.

TABLE 4-3 MAIN FLUSHING & CLEANING Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Periodic flushing dead • No formal program for • Establish scheduled end mains. main flushing is in place. flushing program. Utilize water model to develop • System drawings carried • Keep records of Unidirectional Flushing in maintenance vehicle. dechlorination. Program. • Record forms are created • No formal protocol to • Consider program for for main breaks. inform public of service cleaning (pigging) mains. interruptions. • Record forms for main

breaks should provide the following details: person in charge, operator duties, who must be contacted etc. • Develop records of dechlorination procedures and test results.

The City has no formal operations and maintenance procedures for pumps. Maintenance on pumps should be done per the manufacturer’s specifications, and records of maintenance and repair, pump hours (on/off), should be kept in a log book. For instance, testing should be performed to track pump efficiency over time, and results should be compared with the manufacturers pump efficiency curves at least annually. Any significant variance in test data when compared with pump specifications may indicate an impending problem. Lock out procedures should be in-place during maintenance.

Table 4-4 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for pump operation and maintenance.

TABLE 4-4 - PUMPS Strengths Opportunity For Improvement Recommended Action • Monthly log book was found • No formal procedures for • Develop SOP’s describing: operator in the pump stations. scheduled and preventive duties, routine inspection checks. maintenance. • Operations records are carried • Track pump efficiency tests. in operator’s vehicle. • Operations records should provide details on daily, • Track hours of pump usage. • Equipment/Service record weekly, monthly inspections, • Develop operations check lists with cards - reported that they were maintenance & equipment completed for Y2K. provision for operator’s initials/signature operation. should be provided. • Manufacturer’s • Operations records should be Manual/Instructions were • Provide binder at station for operations available at the station and records. available at station for some filed in binder. equipment. • Prepare and complete • Equipment/Service record Equipment/Service record cards. • Lock out procedures posted at cards were lost. Powell Lake pump station. • Review existing equipment manuals and • Require updating and proper contact equipment supplier/ • Overhead crane/hoist filing. maximum lift labeled at manufacturer for absent materials. Powell Lake pump station. • Inventory of spare parts. • Store equipment manuals in a binder for • SCADA monitoring of pump storage and easy access. on/off at Powell Lake pump • Schedule and record regular run-up. station and Wildwood Booster Station. • Develop an on-going database of spare parts, and where each spare is located. Have the inventory posted at pump station.

There are no formal operations and maintenance procedures by the City for the PRV stations. PRV’s should be inspected annually for preventative maintenance. General maintenance is to remove the cover and inspect the diaphragm and the sealing disc. The valve should be checked for debris before the diaphragm and cover are returned. Follow operations and maintenance recommendations specific to the manufacturer.

Table 4-5 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for PRV operation and maintenance.

TABLE 4-5 PRV STATIONS Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Record forms are created • Maintenance, inspection • Institute formal for PRV’s. and housekeeping. scheduled preventive maintenance

program/records. • Establish routine inspection and cleaning schedule. Log book in station detailing visitations and operator observations.

4.4.5 Chlorination Systems

Both Haslam and Powell Lake chlorination systems utilize chlorine gas. Further precautionary measures are recommended at both chlorination facilities, particularly at the Powell Lake chlorination station (Wildwood Booster Station) which is located within a residential area. An emergency response and evacuation plan should be prepared and be made familiar to all engineering and operations staff. This plan should be reviewed annually with emergency responders and operations personnel. In addition, written safe work procedures must be available to all operations staff.

According to staff, in-service training for self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is selected for inclement weather days, and the apparatus is inspected bi-annually. It is understood that all operators have received chlorine handling training, however, documentation of the training is poor. All staff that handle chlorine must have training. Records for both training and apparatus inspection should be kept to meet due diligence standards.

Routine maintenance is essential for the chlorine residual analyzer, and checklist of the steps recommended by the equipment manufacturer should be created and kept in a binder on-site. For amperometric style analyzers this typically includes periodic replacement of the electrolyte and buffer solutions and grit, and calibration to avoid drift. A Best Management Practices for Chlorine Disinfection and Monitoring developed by BCWWA is included in Appendix B.

Table 4-6 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for chlorination system operation and maintenance.

TABLE 4-6 CHLORINATION SYSTEMS Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Operations & • Develop emergency • Prepare evacuation plan Maintenance manuals at response procedures for the immediate area of station; some electrical chlorine leak. this station. Co- drawings. ordination with police, • Develop SOP’s; fire and other emergency • Operators have chlorine scheduled and agencies is essential. handling training. preventative maintenance for the • Improve documentation • Written instruction for chlorination system, of chlorine handling changing chlorine spare parts, and training. cylinders. replacement of consumables. • SOP’s for equipment • Log book for daily operation and records of chlorine • Training and practice maintenance consumption and SCBA. chlorine residual. • Records, log books, etc

Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Log book recording • Training leak repair. should be kept at the minor maintenance. station. Records should Some records carried in • Mechanical & system detail daily, weekly, vehicle. schematics should be monthly inspection, updated, copies should routine maintenance, • SCADA monitors leak be displayed in stations. equipment operation detection, cylinder weigh stats. scales, and chlorine • Propane storage open to residual at Haslam Lake vandalism & gunfire • Prepare and complete and Powell Lake (Haslam Lake Station). equipment/service record chlorination stations. cards. • Leak detector calibration • Review existing kit. equipment manuals and contact equipment • Self Contained supplier/ manufacturer Breathing Apparatus for absent materials. carried on water maintenance vehicle. • Display drawings and schematics in station. • “A” Repair Kit carried on vehicle. • Access to auxiliary power is by ladder • Emergency shower & (Haslam Lake). Consider eye wash station at relocating unit or Haslam Lake and Powell installing stairs. Lake chlorination stations. • Provide secure enclosure for propane storage. • Auxiliary power (propane unit) at Haslam Lake chlorination station. • Doors alarmed.

4.4.6 Valves

The City does not have operations and maintenance procedures for its buried water valves. In general, it is recommended that valves are exercised on an annual basis. However, some municipalities combine valve exercising with their watermain flushing program. The purpose of exercising valves is to ensure that they are operable, to identify

valves in need of maintenance, and to ensure that valves are in the intended open or closed position.

Table 4-7 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for valve operation and maintenance.

TABLE 4-7 VALVES Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Critical isolation & • Establish formal valve shutoff valves. exercising program. • Exercise valves. • Ensure all staff are aware of valve locations

& details of operation for these valves.

4.4.7 Facility Inspections

Table 4-8 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for facility inspections.

TABLE 4-8 FACILITY INSPECTIONS Strengths Opportunity For Improvement Recommended Action • Workspace • Need to assign areas of • Develop reporting & adequate. responsibility, reporting recording procedures. procedure, first line

contact. • Routine checks to ensure security camera is working • Maintenance of security and ability to download camera at Haslam Lake images. • Spare parts inventory. • Locate and display pertinent drawings at the station. • Housekeeping/cleanliness. • Updated system & electrical • Safety/first aid equipment schematics should be Individual personal lock displayed in each facility. out devices.

Strengths Opportunity For Improvement Recommended Action • Review need for back-up • Create database of spare power in Powell Lake parts with location of each pump station and part, and post lists at each Wildwood booster station. station. • Records for maintenance • Establish minimum monthly operation instructions. cleanup and house keeping routine. • Personnel to have their own device, lock and key. • Provide necessary log and written instruction.

4.4.8 Water Testing Program

Water quality monitoring included required bacteriological analysis and chlorine residual testing throughout the system. The optimum recommended chlorine residual within municipal water distribution systems in B.C. is about 0.2 mg/L free chlorine. Based on past records, this requirement is not consistently maintained in the City’s distribution system.

A chlorine residual is maintained to protect the water from microbial re-contamination, reduce bacterial regrowth, control biofilm formation, and serve as an indicator of distribution system integrity. Chlorine residual decays with water age, and is consumed by oxidizing substances present in the water. A free chlorine residual that drops below a concentration of 0.05 mg/L is not considered sufficient. This issue is discussed further in Section 6.

Currently, the Health Authority requires that an annual full chemical analysis and quarterly THM (trihalomethanes) analysis be performed on each source water system. A bacteriological testing program, under the Drinking Water Protection Act, has been conducted on distribution system samples.

The City may wish to consider installing independent sampling stations. This would allow City access to sampling stations as needed, as opposed to relying on a resident to be home or an establishment to be open. Further, independent sampling stations eliminate the potential for contamination from within the residence/establishment’s plumbing, and may therefore provide a more representative distribution system sample.

The City uses an electronic database to record bacteriological results (total and fecal coliforms). It is recommended that the City expand this form to include the results from chemical analysis. It should be noted that as per the 2005 amendments to the Drinking Water Protection Regulation, effective April 1, 2006, the City must test for Escherichia coli (E coli) instead of fecal coliform. There must be no detectable Escherichia coli per 100 mL sample. The City must continue regular sampling of total coliforms.

For tracking customer complaints, the City uses Tempest’s Calls System software. The details of the complaint, including the name and the location, as well as the actions taken and personnel involved are input into the data base.

Best Management Practices (BCWWA) for Turbidity Monitoring and Reporting, and Chlorine Disinfection and Monitoring are provided in Appendix B.

Table 4-9 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for water testing.

TABLE 4-9 WATER TESTING PROGRAM Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Distribution system • Need to assign areas of • Consider independent chlorine residual responsibility, reporting sampling stations. monitoring. procedure, first line contact. • Continue water quality • Monthly bacteriological monitoring program testing and reporting. (annual chemical, NOTE: Effective April 1, quarterly THM analysis) 2006 replace fecal required by the Health coliform testing with Authority. E.coli testing (2005 amendments to the • Maintain optimum Drinking Water chlorine residual at 0.2 Protection Regulation). mg/L in distribution system. • Annual chemical and quarterly THM analysis. • Adjust operations and maintenance procedures as required to improve response.

4.4.9 Cross Connection Control Program

There is currently no Cross Connection Control Program in place, however, under the Drinking Water Protection Regulation a Drinking Water Officer may require the City to initiate a program to mitigate against the risk of cross connections. To date, staff are unaware of any reported cross connection incidents. Two staff members have received training in cross connection control.

A Cross Connection Control Program is intended to minimize the risk of backflow events into the water distribution system. In order to establish a Cross Connection Control Program, a staff member should first be appointed as “administrator” of the program. Using programs and policies from other municipalities as a guide, the administrator should solicit expertise from other municipal departments (i.e. building and fire departments), staff with cross connection control training, and the Health Authority to develop a Cross Connection Control Program.

Cross Connection Control Programs typically provide a methodology for assessing cross connections, selecting and installing backflow devices, determining standards for testers (i.e. tester certified through EOCP), data management, and backflow incident response.

Cross Connection Control Programs typically start by assessing potential cross connections in municipal facilities, then high risk industrial/commercial/agricultural cross connections. A Best Management Practices guide developed by BCWWA for Cross Connection Control is provided in Appendix B.

Table 4-10 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for cross connection control.

TABLE 4-10 CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Two staff member have • Require procedures for • Develop a Cross completed cross identifying cross Connection Control connection control connections, inspection, Program. training. backflow device testing and maintenance. • Check vulnerable areas in system. Municipal cross connections should be assessed first, followed by high and medium risk industrial, commercial, and agricultural connections. • Install or require customer installation of cross connection devices. • Set-up testing program and database of active certified testers. • Develop public education program.

4.4.10 Daily/Weekly/Monthly Data Collection

A tracking system for system component maintenance, water quality reports, water quality events and responses is key for asset management planning and for showing due diligence in maintaining water system quality.

Maintenance records and reports are kept for hydrant maintenance, water utility leak repairs, and PRV inspections. Written logs for the Haslam Lake chlorination facility included chlorine consumption, chlorine residual, chlorine booster pump pressure, lake elevation and generator hours. SCADA data collection includes readings from the flow meter, chlorine cylinder scales, chlorine residuals, lake level, air temperature, and rainfall. There is duplication in this data collection, which could be reduced through further staff training with the SCADA system.

Written logs for the Powell Lake Chlorination Station/Wildwood Booster Station include water consumption, chlorine residual, chlorine cylinder weight, lake elevation and pump hours. The SCADA system collects data for the flow meter, chlorine cylinder weight and chlorine residual. Similarly, with more training on the use of the SCADA system, the City could collect data more efficiently.

Table 4-11 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for routine data collection.

TABLE 4-11 DAILY/WEEKLY/MONTHLY DATA COLLECTION Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • Log book recording • Records should detail • Reduce duplicity of minor maintenance. routine maintenance, and manual/SCADA system equipment operation data recording with • Some records carried in stats. Copy of records further SCADA training. vehicle. should be available in station. • Create SOP’s detailing • Some equipment manuals operator duties and available in station. • Records detailing responsibilities. Provide • Records kept for hydrant scheduled maintenance operator check list with maintenance. & preventive provision for operator maintenance. initials/signature. • Reports kept for water utility repairs. • Previous pump • Prepare and complete equipment/service equipment/service record • Record forms for PRV records have been cards. stations. reported lost. • Review equipment • Record forms for manuals and where confined space entry. absent, contact • Records for chlorine equipment suppliers/ residual data and manufacturer for bacteriological testing. material. Ensure manuals are available at the • Record system for water facility for easy access. quality complaints and response. • Records for operator training.

4.4.11 SCADA

SCADA is currently not being fully utilized for water system monitoring. The SCADA system computer is currently located at the Westview Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) facility. This system should also be accessible at a more centralized location, such as the Public Works Yard. In addition, there should be more operations and engineering staff training on the SCADA system and its capabilities.

Since there is only one SCADA system computer, there is currently no system redundancy should the computer at the Westview WWTP go down. Failure of the SCADA would make the system extremely vulnerable as no alarm dial out would occur.

An additional computer station should be added to the existing SCADA computer and be located at the Works Yard.

The City should also consider upgrading their existing telephone dial-up system to a radio based SCADA system transmission. This would improve the reliability of the system to respond to disaster events, such as an earthquake, which may disable service from telephone lines. After such an event, knowledge concerning the condition of primary supplies (i.e. reservoirs) for fighting fires, and gas chlorination facilities (alarms) are critical for quick response. A wireless Ethernet system would allow transfer of security camera images to the central computer, allowing for a faster and more proactive response to threats. Radio systems can simultaneously poll stations, and therefore collect data at a much faster rate than the dial-up systems, which can poll stations only one at a time.

It is recommended that the City investigate having a radio path survey and analysis conducted to determine their options for a radio or wireless Ethernet system.

The SCADA system currently monitors 16 water and wastewater sites including the following drinking water system components in Table 4-12.

TABLE 4-12 SCADA MONITORING OF DRINKING WATER SYSTEM Haslam Lake Powell Lake Pump House Wildwood Booster Station Chlorination Station • Flowmeter • Pump status (on/off) • Flowmeter – Zone 7 • Chlorine cylinder • Intrusion alarm • Flowmeter – Zone 7A scales • Power failure • Chlorine cylinder • Chlorine residuals scales • Lake level • Chlorine residual • Air temperature • Tank level monitor • Water temperature • Loss of echo (tank level sensor) • Rainfall

Haslam Lake Powell Lake Pump House Wildwood Booster Station Chlorination Station • Control power failure • Tank low level • Chlorine leakage • Chlorine leak detector • Intrusion alarm • Fire flow • Genset transfer switch • Pump status (on/off) • Control power failure • Intrusion alarm

The planned installation of on-line turbidimeters at Haslam Lake or Powell Lake would include hook-up to the SCADA system.

In addition to using the SCADA system as an operations tool, the City should consider using the SCADA system as a management tool. Management tool allows Engineering and Operations staff to easily access the SCADA data using simple software tools like Microsoft Excel or Word. These tools allow for better planning and analysis of the water and sewer systems, and provide data exchanges to Maintenance Management and Facilities management systems including data warehousing which provides portability of data with the IT department.

There is currently some duplication in data collection between the SCADA system and manual readings. The SCADA system is currently used in monitoring for alarm conditions, while manual data collection (chlorine consumption, chlorine residual and flow rate) are used for data review. The SCADA system displays this information graphically, but staff would require additional training in how to access and take advantage of programs like Microsoft Excel or Word.

A further step towards using the SCADA system as a management tool, the City should consider the addition of a Data Historian/Server to their current SCADA configuration. A Data Historian/Server is not only responsible for storing historical data for record keeping, but provides direct SQL (Structured Query Language) interfaces to different

business and management type databases. Authorized City personnel could perform Structured Query Language data retrieval for planning and modeling purposes either through the SCADA network or over the City’s WAN (wide area network). Data from this Historical/Server could then be integrated with the City’s IT plans for centralizing information or data warehousing.

For more information about SCADA, refer to Appendix C.

Table 4-13 summarizes opportunities for improvement and recommended actions for operations and maintenance of the SCADA system.

TABLE 4-13 SCADA Opportunity For Strengths Recommended Action Improvement • HMI operates in runtime • Improve system • Provide additional PC mode utilization with HMI software for redundancy. • Security • System vulnerabilities due to lack of redundancy • Additional training of • Water system monitoring, in the SCADA system, City operations and see Table 4-12. expand SCADA access to engineering staff on Public Works Yard optimizing the use of the SCADA system as a • Upgrade system to management tool. radio/wireless Ethernet for faster identification • Appoint a “SCADA and response. Champion” to manage the SCADA system.

• Have a radio path survey and analysis undertaken to determine options for radio.

4.5 Action Plan

The following action plan is recommended.

TABLE 4-14 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE ACTION PLAN Item Concerns Recommendation Estimated Cost Year: 2006 1.1 Wildwood tank inspection • Conduct inspection of * See also Section 3 – tank for corrosion, Condition Assessment sediment build-up and ($5,000 - inspection) general cleaning. 1.2 Additional precautions at • Liaise with Director of Internal chlorination stations. Emergency Services for response procedures for chemical leaks. 1.3 No formal hydrant • Initiate format hydrant Internal maintenance program in maintenance program. place. o Record system. o Written standard operating procedure 1.4 Main flushing is conducted; • Initiate formal main Internal but no formal flushing or flushing and valve valve exercising program is exercising program. in place. o Record system o Written standard operating procedures 1.5 Training – SCADA system • Provide training for staff $10,000 – operations and to understand system’s maintenance staff. capabilities and be able to utilize to its fullest. Sub-Total $10,000 Year: 2007 1.6 SCADA – path survey • Determine options for $15,000 analysis SCADA upgrade to radio/ wireless ethernet 1.7 Pumps, PRV, and • Provide written standard Internal chlorination equipment operating procedures; maintenance post at stations. o Ensure copies of equipment manuals are at each station

Item Concerns Recommendation Estimated Cost o Replace missing/ absent equipment/ service cards. o Log books at stations for record maintenance 1.8 Facility schematics • Display record Internal mechanical, and electrical schematics at Haslam Lake Chlorination Station, Wildwood Booster Station and Powell Lake Pump Station. 1.9 Cross Connection Control • Consider instituting Internal Program Program 1.10 Spare parts • Develop inventory to Internal track spare parts. 1.11 Housekeeping • Develop written routine Internal maintenance procedures. Estimate of Five Year Total Cost $25,000

4.6 Conclusions And Recommendations

From discussions with operations personnel from other communities, municipalities set their own level of service standards. The City must be able to justify that the level of service it provides is reasonable. Specific operations and maintenance standards and procedures could be obtained by polling other communities of a similar size or from manufacturer’s recommendations, but would also be related to available funding, community acceptance, specific requirements by other departments (i.e. fire department), and regulations such as the Drinking Water Protection Regulation, and the conditions set forth under the water system Operating Permit.

It is recommended that the City establish written standards and procedures for levels of service that are reasonable, can be adhered to, and also be able to provide documentation to show that these standards and procedures are being followed.

The utility maintenance program is an important part of utility operations. The overall maintenance program should be designed to ensure continuing satisfactory operation of the system facilities under a variety of different operating conditions. Such a program would include routine and preventive maintenance as well as provision for effectively handling emergency breakdowns.

Hydrant maintenance and distribution system valve exercising should be a priority when implementing changes to the preventive maintenance program. It is recommended that the following records be maintained as part of a maintenance management system:

1. Equipment inventory cards, 2. Preventive maintenance schedules, 3. Spare parts lists and reorder information, and 4. Records of work performed.

All utilities should have written instructions on how to operate and maintain the system and equipment pertinent to their utility. Senior operators are seen to have accumulated a good knowledge base with regard to the water system operation. Standard operating procedures and maintenance records are essential for newer staff to become familiar with, and respond to operational tasks and issues.

It is recommended that the following elements be included in the preventive maintenance program:

1. Planning and scheduling; 2. Records management; 3. Spare parts management; 4. Cost and budget control; 5. Emergency repair procedures; and 6. Training program.

It is recommended that additional training be provided to operators and maintenance staff to be able to utilize the SCADA system as a management tool. To facilitate this, the system should be expanded from the single computer at the Wastewater Treatment Facility, to a computer in the Works Yard. In addition, the City should consider having a radio path survey and analysis carried out to identify their options for upgrading the existing dial-up system to radio.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

5.0 TREATMENT PLAN

5.1 Introduction

The sole protection for the Powell and Haslam Lake water supplies at present is disinfection through direct chlorination. Chlorine can react with naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids to form disinfection by-products trihalomethanes (THM’s) and haloacetic acids (HAA’s). THM’s and HAA’s are suspected carcinogens. The City is therefore concerned about the formation of disinfection by-products associated with chlorination.

The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for THM’s provided in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ) is 0.1 mg/L. A proposed GCDWQ guideline for HAA’s is currently under review, however, the US EPA has set the maximum contaminant level in drinking water for this substance as 0.06 mg/L.

The City is also concerned about pathogenic organisms that are more chlorine-resistant, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The Long Term Water Supply Strategy (DKL, 2005) recommended a dual disinfection system or alternate multi-barrier approach to reduce this risk.

It is important to distinguish between primary and secondary disinfection: primary disinfection refers to disinfecting the source water in order to achieve target pathogen reduction. Secondary disinfection refers to maintaining a disinfection residual within the distribution system. The purpose of secondary disinfection is to protect the water

Chlorination for primary disinfection is typically assessed using the chlorine contact time (C⋅t) concept, while chlorination for secondary disinfection is assessed through chlorine residuals. Primary disinfection will be discussed in this section, while secondary disinfection is addressed in more detail in Section 6.

The City requires an action plan to investigate options for secondary treatment with the goal of reducing the potential for disinfection by-product formation and more stringent microbial control. The action plan would provide the basis for determining the location of secondary treatment and the steps required for evaluating treatment options.

5.2 Method of Assessment

Previous water quality results and information from the City and Drinking Water Officer were referenced as part of this assessment. These are:

• 1994 to 2004 Bacteriological results • 2002 to 2005 Chlorine Residual Results • Base map sampling locations • Water model piping network • 2005 Chlorine Residual Analyzer and Chlorine Consumption Records

Chlorine contact time is the chlorine residual concentration multiplied by the effective contact time.

C·t values were estimated from chlorine residual data and average residence time before the first consumer. C·t values were compared with the standard C·t tables for inactivation of viruses and Giardia.

5.3 Results And Discussion

5.3.1 Locations For Source Water Testing

Raw (source) water testing should be included with the sampling program. Locations of raw water sources are shown in Figure 5-1. Sampling points could be located at raw water taps installed within the chlorination building at Haslam Lake and the Wildwood booster station. Alternately, samples could be collected from the lake near the intake screens. A “van Dorn type” horizontal depth sampler could be used to collect water from the intake screen depth.

5.3.2 Test Plan and Parameters

The Drinking Water Officer for the Coastal Health Authority confirmed that the municipality must submit an annual full chemical analysis and quarterly THM sampling report for both Haslam Lake and Powell Lake drinking water sources.

The chemical analysis includes parameters with Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) limits, Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration (IMAC) limits, and Aesthetic Objectives (AO) set by the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ).

The parameters to be measured in the proposed test plan are in addition to the chemical and THM analysis’ required by the Health Authority, and are shown in Table 5-1. These include parameters that are recommended for evaluating the suitability and sizing of potential water treatment technologies. Maintaining a chlorine residual and on-line turbidity monitoring are discussed in further detail in Section 6. All samples for the parameters shown in Table 5-1 should be taken prior to chlorination (raw water).

TABLE 5-1 ADDITIONAL RAW WATER ANALYSIS PARAMETERS Parameter Test Frequency Budget Price per Test pH monthly $5/test Alkalinity monthly $15/test Ammonia annual $15/test Total Organic Carbon – if monthly $35/test initial sampling > 2.5 mg/L, measure also for tannins and lignans UV Absorbance, at 254 nm – 1 x week for 52 consecutive $25/test this is a critical measurement weeks (one year). If initial Portable spectrophotometer: for determining the suitability data (first 16 weeks) shows $10,000 and sizing of a UV system. UV absorbance in suitable range for UV system, the City On-line UV absorbance should consider purchasing a analyzer: $40,000 on-line spectrophotometer for daily UV absorbance measurements. Turbidity On-line measurements $15,000

Parameters such as pH, alkalinity, ammonia and total organic carbon impact chlorine disinfection and other potential chemical treatment processes. UV absorbance is a key measurement in assessing the suitability of UV to be used for disinfection, as well as for sizing of a UV system. If UV absorbance is impacted by seasonal variation, the more data that is available for design, the better.

Past annual records have shown turbidity to be less than 1 NTU, however, to show compliance with the latest Health Canada Turbidity Guideline (2003) on-line turbidity measurements are recommended (Section 6 refers).

5.3.3 Estimated C·t Values

Chlorine contact time (C⋅t ) values were estimated for the Haslam Lake chlorination system and the Powell Lake chlorination system. The purpose of this was to compare C⋅t values achieved in the systems with target pathogen C⋅t values.

Chlorine disinfection is considered to be ineffective against Cryptosporidium and relatively ineffective against Giardia. Chlorine is effective against bacteria and viruses. Alternate treatment processes are typically used for Cryptosporidium and Giardia control.

Target pathogen reductions with their corresponding C⋅t values are shown in Table 5-2 below:

TABLE 5-2 TARGET PATHOGEN REDUCTION WITH C⋅T VALUES, AT TEMPERATURE = 0.5ºC PH 6.5, ASSUMING MINIMUM CHLORINE RESIDUAL OF 0.5 MG/L Pathogen Reduction C⋅t Value (mg/L·min) Cryptosporidium 2-log* n/a Giardia 3-log 165 Viruses 4-log 12

* Some systems now required by the Drinking Water Officer to achieve 3-log.

Based on January through September 2005 data, the average chlorine residual at the Haslam Lake chlorination station was 0.66 mg/L, and the average residual at the closest distribution system sampling point was 0.42 mg/L. The estimated chlorine residual at the first customer was 0.5 mg/L. The estimated C⋅t value obtained in the pipeline between the chlorination station and the first customer is 22.5 mg/L·min.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 5-5 Based on the foregoing, 4-log removal of viruses can be achieved in the Haslam system, but no significant disinfection credit for Giardia or Cryptosporidium is achieved. (The minimum C⋅t value required to achieve 0.5-log reduction credit for Giardia is 28 mg/L·min). An alternate treatment process would be required for Giardia and Cryptosporidium protection.

For the Wildwood (Powell Lake) system, record data from January through September 2005, showed an average chlorine residual of 0.28 mg/L. Following chlorination, water is directed into an adjacent, unbaffled 513,000 L water storage tank. The first customer is located across the street from the chlorination building and storage tank. The estimated average chlorine residual at the first customer is 0.22 mg/L. Using a 0.1 baffling factor for the storage tank residence time, the estimated C⋅t value between the chlorination station and the first customer is 4.5 mg/L·min.

No disinfection credit for viruses, Giardia, or Cryptosporidium is achieved in the Powell Lake system. Increasing the chlorine dosage so that the residual at the first customer is 1.0 mg/L would achieve the 4-log virus credit, but not the Giardia or Cryptosporidium disinfection credits. Alternate treatment would be required for Giardia and Cryptosporidium control.

5.3.4 Haslam Lake Water Treatment Upgrade

The Long Term Water Supply Study (DKL, 2005) recommended an upgrade to the existing water treatment facility at Haslam Lake. The use a of a multi-barrier treatment strategy is recommended, by using either dual disinfection (chlorine and UV) or chlorine with an alternate treatment method to achieve the target pathogen protection. The data collected in the proposed Test Plan (Table 5.1) would assess the suitability of UV treatment, and would be used to size the treatment facility.

If the Powell Lake supply remains on-line, multi-barrier treatment is also recommended at this site for Giardia and Cryptosporidium control. The Wildwood chlorination station would be expanded to include UV disinfection, or alternate treatment if UV is not found to be suitable. The proposed test parameters in Table 5-1 would evaluate the suitability for UV as disinfection on the Powell Lake supply.

The Long Term Water Supply Study proposes connecting the Haslam Lake system to the Wildwood system. This is in part to address the concern that continued development near the Powell Lake intake could compromise the water quality. This would allow the City to take Powell Lake off-line, and only one treatment facility would be needed, at Haslam Lake.

5.3.6 Supply Redundancy

Currently, the City does not have any supply redundancy with Powell Lake supplying water to Wildwood and Haslam Lake providing water to the remaining areas of Powell River. System redundancy would be further reduced if Powell Lake is taken off-line permanently. Construction of the two proposed 4.5 ML reservoirs would provide some redundancy to the area currently serviced by Haslam Lake, as would maintaining a storage reservoir that services the Wildwood area. The current Wildwood booster station would remain in service.

Leaving the Powell Lake supply system in place as an emergency back-up is viewed as desirable. Approval would be required from the Health Authority to maintain Powell Lake as an emergency back-up supply using only chlorination as treatment.

Development of other sources for improved fire protection near the Airport area is addressed in the Long Term water supply study. The addition of another surface water source, such as West Lake, to the water system would need to meet minimum treatment

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 5-7 guidelines for turbidity, viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Groundwater wells that are not under the influence of surface water would need to have a minimum of secondary disinfection.

5.4 Cost Estimate

The preliminary budget estimate for a treatment upgrade at Haslam Lake, assuming the use of UV disinfection is (Long Term Water Supply Study, DKL, 2005):

• UV Equipment: $500,000 • Building: $200,000 • Process Mechanical: $350,000 • Electrical: $150,000 • Civil: $100,000

Sub-Total $1,300,000 Engineering & Contingency (30%): $390,000 Total (excluding taxes) $1,690,000

The above estimate assumes peak hour flows as there is no downstream storage reservoir. If reservoir storage is added at the same time as the water treatment upgrade, the treatment facility could be sized for maximum day flows. The estimated cost for a treatment upgrade based on maximum day flows is $1,300,000.

5.5 Action Plan

The following action plan is recommended:

Page 5-8 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 TABLE 5-3 TREATMENT ACTION PLAN Budget Cost Item Recommendation Estimate 2006 1 • Initiate water testing program for evaluation of UV $3,000 disinfection for water treatment • Consider UV on-line analyzer. $40,000 • Application for funding grant for treatment $3,000 • Preliminary and detailed UV system design – Haslam Lake $150,000 Sub-Total $196,000 2007 2 • UV system construction – Haslam Lake $1,540,000 3 • Following review of source options, evaluation of treatment $15,000 for an additional water source (if required) supplementing fire protection in the Airport area. • Preliminary and detailed designs of treatment system for new dependant on source (if required) level of treatment Sub-Total $1,555,000 2008 4 • Construction of treatment system for new source (if required) dependent on level of treatment Sub-Total N/A 2009 5 • Evaluate Powell Lake (emergency back-up) source treatment $30,000 (impact of new development, new regulations on water quality); upgrade treatment if required • Assuming UV treatment – preliminary design Sub-Total $30,000 2010 6 • Detailed design and construction of Powell Lake (emergency $750,000 back-up) source treatment upgrade (assuming UV). Sub-Total $750,000 Estimated Five Year Total Cost $2,531,000

* Haslam Lake UV system estimated budget costs from Long Term Water Supply Study (DK, 2005).

5.6 Conclusions And Recommendations

A review of chlorine the contact time (C⋅t values) found that target 4-log virus reduction is being achieved in the pipeline between the Haslam Lake chlorination station and the

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 5-9 first customer. However, Giardia and Cryptosporidium control is not provided through the current chlorine disinfection system. Similarly, Giardia and Cryptosporidium control is not provided in the Wildwood system through the current chlorine disinfection system. C⋅t values for virus protection are not met, but could be improved by increasing the chlorine dose so that a chlorine residual of 1.0 mg/L is maintained at the first customer. Maintaining a chlorine residual in the distributions system is discussed further in Section 6.

A full annual chemical analysis and reporting on source water and quarterly THM sampling on distribution system samples is required by the Health Officer. A discussion on past water quality results is provided in Section 6.

It is recommended that the City adopt an approach to water treatment that includes both primary disinfection using chlorine supplemented with UV disinfection (or other suitable method) to ensure the required pathogen reduction targets as set out in Table 5-2 are achieved.

It is also recommended that the City initiate a water quality testing program (refer to Table 5-1) to evaluate the suitability and design criteria of a UV disinfection system.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

6.0 MONITORING OF WATER SOURCES

6.1 Introduction

Vancouver Coastal Health has recommended that the City install on-line turbidity equipment for each water supply system. The most recent Health Canada turbidity guideline indicates that where filtration treatment is not provided on a surface water source, daily surface water turbidity should be measured prior to disinfection at least every four hours. The Provincial Drinking Water Officers are currently setting turbidity limits at 1 NTU.

The City required guidance on the selection, specifications and estimated costs for supplying and installing on-line turbidimeters. In addition, on-line chlorination residual monitoring is required by the City. The City currently monitors on-line chlorine residual at the chlorination station, however, there is concern that chlorine levels may not be adequate throughout the distribution system.

6.2 Review of Water Quality Results

Previous water quality results obtained from the City and Drinking Water Officer were reviewed. These are:

• 1994 to 2004 Bacteriological Results • 2002 to 2005 Chlorine Residual Results • 2005 Chlorine Residual Analyzer and Chlorine Consumption Records

6.3 Results

6.3.1 Source Water Quality

A summary of historic source water quality information received from the Drinking Water Officer for Haslam and Powell Lakes is provided in Table 6-1 and Table 6-2, respectively. Table 6-3 summarizes the recorded data for trihalomethanes (THM’s). Recorded data is compared to the current Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). The following definitions are used in the guideline.

Aesthetic Objective (AO) – apply to substances which can affect acceptance by consumers or interfere with practices for supplying good quality water. AO levels are considered to be below those considered to be a health hazard.

Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) – apply to substances that are known or suspected to cause adverse effects on health. Over time, drinking water that continually contains a substance at a level greater than its MAC may induce deletrious effects on health.

Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration (IMAC) – apply to substances for which there are insufficient toxicological data to derive a MAC.

Based on record data provided in the Tables 6-1 to 6-3, physical and chemical characteristics of the water for both Haslam and Powell Lakes have generally been within GCDWQ levels. It is recommended that corrosion (Langelier Saturation Index) be included with the annual analysis.

Page 6-2 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 TABLE 6-1 SUMMARY WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS – HASLAM LAKE 2005 Results 2005 2005 AO, – Devaud 2002 Parameter Result Result IMAC, GCDWQ Residence Result (Oct. 24) (Aug. 17) or MAC (March 2) Colour (Apparent), ACU 7.5 - 5 12.5 AO < 15 TCU pH 6.82 - 6.78 6.67 AO 6.5 – 8.5 Turbidity, NTU 0.23 - 0.31 0.26 MAC < 1 AO < 5 Conductivity, uS/cm 22 - 25 25 AO Hardness, mg/L as CaCO3 7.3 7.5 8.6 9.9 Chloride, mg/L 1.1 - 2.1 2.6 AO < 250 Fluoride, mg/L 0.02 - < 0.01 0.01 MAC 1.5 Sulphate, mg/L 1.1 - 1.3 1.3 AO < 500 Bromide, mg/L < 0.05 - < 0.05 < 0.05 Nitrate, mg/L as N 0.096 - 0.359 0.307 MAC 10 Nitrite, mg/L as N 0.033 - < 0.005 <0.005 MAC 3.2 Aluminum, mg/L 0.0102 0.0072 0.0131 0.033 0.2 Arsenic, mg/L < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 MAC 0.025 Barium, mg/L 0.00222 0.0025 0.00225 0.0389 MAC 1.0 Boron, mg/L 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 MAC 5 Cadmium, mg/L < 0.00001 < 0.00001 < 0.00001 < 0.005 MAC 0.005 Chromium, mg/L < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0.0006 < 0.005 MAC 0.05 Copper, mg/L 0.00098 0.00036 0.0391 0.00576 AO 0.01 Iron, mg/L <0.005 0.141 < 0.005 0.119 AO 0.3 Lead, mg/L 0.00006 < 0.00001 0.00044 0.00031 MAC 0.01 Manganese, mg/L 0.00031 0.00154 0.000351 0.018 AO 0.05 Selenium, mg/L 0.0004 < 0.0002 0.0002 < 0.0002 MAC 0.01 Uranium, mg/L 0.000026 0.000012 0.000014 0.000004 IMAC 0.02 Zinc, mg/L 0.0046 0.0002 0.0019 0.0013 AO 5.0

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 6-3 TABLE 6-2 SUMMARY WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS – POWELL LAKE AO, 2001 GCDWQ Parameter 2005 Result 2004 Result IMAC, Result Guideline or MAC Colour (Apparent), ACU 7.5 - 3 AO < 15 TCU pH 6.51 - 6.64 AO 6.5 – 8.5 Turbidity, NTU 0.29 - 0.18 MAC < 1 AO < 5 Conductivity, uS/cm 10 - 15 AO Hardness, mg/L as CaCO3 3.2 2.8 3.7 - Chloride, mg/L 0.9 - 2 AO < 250 Fluoride, mg/L < 0.01 - 0.01 MAC 1.5 Sulphate, mg/L < 0.5 - 0.7 AO < 500 Bromide, mg/L < 0.05 - < 0.05 - Nitrate, mg/L as N 0.398 - 0.079 MAC 10 Nitrite, mg/L as N < 0.005 - < 0.005 MAC 3.2 Aluminum, mg/L 0.0245 0.0263 0.05 0.2 Arsenic, mg/L < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.0002 MAC 0.025 Barium, mg/L 0.00212 0.0017 0.0024 MAC 1.0 Boron, mg/L 0.004 <0.01 0.003 MAC 5 Cadmium, mg/L 0.00017 < 0.01 0.00025 MAC 0.005 Chromium, mg/L < 0.0002 < 0.00005 < 0.0002 MAC 0.05 Copper, mg/L 0.00036 0.074 0.00245 AO 0.01 Iron, mg/L 0.007 0.012 0.033 AO 0.3 Lead, mg/L < 0.00001 0.000745 0.00016 MAC 0.01 Manganese, mg/L 0.000461 0.001122 0.00242 AO 0.05 Selenium, mg/L < 0.0002 < 0.001 < 0.0002 MAC 0.01 Uranium, mg/L 0.000123 0.0000115 0.000171 IMAC 0.02 Zinc, mg/L 0.0009 0.0023 0.0027 AO 5.0

TABLE 6-3 SUMMARY OF RECENT THM RECORD RESULTS (GCDWQ MAC FOR THM’S = 0.1 MG/L) THM Results Location Date (mg/L) Haslam Lake October 24, 2005 0.033 Haslam Lake April 13, 2004 0.035 Haslam Lake November 23, 2004 0.033 Westview Shell April 19, 2005 0.039 Wildwood October 24, 2005 0.026 Wildwood Petrocan April 13, 2004 0.017 Wildwood Petrocan April 19, 2005 0.023

On-line turbidity monitoring of surface water sources is becoming increasingly common as water purveyors seek to show compliance with the Provincial requirements as well as the latest Health Canada Turbidity Guideline (2003). An on-line turbidimeter should be installed at the Haslam Lake source, prior to the chlorine injection point. The turbidimeter would be wall mounted inside the existing chlorination building. It is recommended that a Hach 1720E Process Turbidimeter, or approved equivalent, be used. The following features are recommended for the specification of the on-line turbidimeter:

• Range: 0-10 NTU • Accuracy: ± 2% of reading or ± 0.015 NTU • Repeatability: Better than 1% of reading or ± 0.002 NTU • Built-in data logger • Setpoint alarms • Bubble removal system • Calibration standards • Compatible with existing PLC structure • 2 year warranty

Based on a budget quote from ClearTech, the estimated cost for the above instrument is $3,000 (excluding taxes). The following is a budget cost estimate for supply and installation of the on-line turbidimeter:

• Instrumentation: $3,000 • Piping: $3,500 • Electrical/SCADA: $5,000

Sub-Total $11,500 Engineering & Contingency (30%): $3,500 Total (excluding taxes) $15,000

It is understood that the City views the Haslam Lake source as its primary water supply. If the City connects the Haslam system to the Wildwood system and takes the Powell Lake supply off-line, an on-line turbidimeter may not be required at Haslam Lake. However, if Powell Lake is to remain on-line, a similar analyzer should be installed at the Wildwood chlorination station, prior to the chlorine dosing point.

6.3.3 Chlorine Residuals

A review was conducted of the chlorine residual data provided by the City for the years 2002 to 2005. Figure 6-1 shows the chlorine sampling locations. Although specific residual chlorine concentrations are not provided in the B.C. Drinking Water Regulations, target chlorine residuals maintained within the distribution system should be 0.2 mg/L as optimum chlorine1,2, but never less than 0.05 mg/L at any location in the distribution system. A free chlorine residual below 0.05 mg/L is not considered sufficient to control bacterial regrowth, or protect the system from bacteriological recontamination. Maximum free chlorine at any location should not be exceed 4.0 mg/L free chlorine, however, customer complaints would be expected at levels of around 1 mg/L.

Figure 6-1 shows the percentage of samples from each station which had chlorine residuals greater than 0.2 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L. At fourteen of the distribution system locations, more than half of the samples taken did not meet the target of 0.2 mg/L free chlorine residual. Chlorine residual was less than 0.05 mg/L in half the samples taken at nine of the sampling locations over this period. The only site that achieved the minimum of 0.05 mg/L free chlorine in all of its samples is at the Wildwood tanks, adjacent to the chlorine dosing point at the Wildwood chlorination station.

1 Vancouver Coastal Health Authority: Application for a Waterworks Construction Permit, states acceptable chlorine range is 0.2 to 0.4 mg/L throughout the distribution system. 2 Ontario Ministry of Environment, Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario (2003).

Page 6-6 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 100 90 80 70 % samples >0.05 mg/L 60 % samples >0.2 mg/L 50 40 30 20 % of total no. of samples of no. total % of 10 0 Hospital #1 Firehall Works Yard Works Marland Motel Beach Gardens Airport Terminal Wildwood Tanks Cranberry Centre Townsite Grocery Villa Shell Service Shell Villa Malaspina College Wildwood Petrocan Firehall Training Centre Edgehill Elementary School Willingdon Beach Campsite Westview Wastewater Recl. Plant Coast Garibaldi Health Staff Room School DivisionMaintenance Office JamesThompson Elementary School Location 6620Chilco (Francescutti Residence) PeterBird Residence 6603 McMahon- Figure 6-2: Percentage of sampling locations where free chlorine residuals measured a minimum of 0.05 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L. Period of 2002 – 2005.

A “chlorine breakpoint curve” should be established for each of the sources in order to optimize the chlorine dosage at the stations. Substances in the source water exert a chlorine demand which reduces the free available chlorine residual. The purpose of a chlorine breakpoint curve is to determine the chlorine demand created by the source water, and to determine at which point free chlorine added to the water becomes free available residual chlorine.

To obtain a chlorine breakpoint curve involves the stepwise addition of chlorine to a water sample until all oxidizable substances are reacted, so that if additional chlorine is added it will remain as free available chlorine. The point at which added chlorine remains as free available chlorine is the “breakpoint”. Achieving contact time (C⋅t) values for primary disinfection is addressed in Section 5 – Secondary Treatment Plan.

At Haslam Lake the average chlorine residual measured at the chlorination station in records dated January through September 2005 was 0.66 mg/L. By the time the water

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 6-7 reaches the first consumer, it is estimated that the average chlorine dose is 0.5 mg/L. At Powell Lake over the same period, the average chlorine residual was 0.28 mg/L. The first customer is located across the street from the chlorination station, and the estimated average chlorine dose at this point would be 0.22 mg/L. As the water moves through the distribution system, chlorine decays as it is consumed by substances that exert a chlorine demand. Once the chlorine breakpoint is found, it is also recommended that the chlorine dose be increased at both chlorination stations to achieve a minimum residual at the first customer of 1.0 mg/L. Chlorine residuals should then be measured throughout the system.

THM samples should be collected after increasing the chlorine dosage to confirm that THM levels remain below the GCDWQ MAC of 0.1 mg/L. Based on historical data (Table 6-3), THM formation has not been an issue. In addition, samples for haloacetic acids (HAA’s) should be collected at the same time. HAA’s are also a chlorine disinfection by-product, and is a substance under review in the GCDWQ. However, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) issued by the US EPA is 0.06 mg/L.

To improve water circulation in the distribution system, line looping is often recommended. However, where chlorine residuals are not maintained to the minimum level, rechlorination is sometimes necessary. A chlorine booster station would be located on a main line servicing out-lying areas. It is recommended that the existing chlorination system operation first be optimized before identifying the location of a booster station. Situating the station so that it is on City property or easements would need to be considered.

A chlorine booster station would normally include a fenced enclosure, housing chlorination equipment, SCADA, and piping and HVAC. Gas chlorination is used at the existing Haslam and Wildwood facilities and as such, would likely be the preferred option for chlorination. Other chlorination systems include liquid sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and on-site hypochlorite generation. An on-line chlorine residual analyzer would provide continuous monitoring of chlorine residual, and would be linked

• Gas Chlorination Equipment: $30,000 • Installation: $15,000 • Chlorination Building/HVAC: $50,000 • Piping: $30,000 • Instrumentation & Controls: $25,000 • Electrical $15,000 • Safety Appurtenances $20,000

Sub-Total $190,000 Engineering & Contingency (30%): $50,000 Total (excluding taxes): $240,500

6.4 Action Plan

The following action plan is recommended in Table 6-4:

TABLE 6-4 MONITORING OF WATER SOURCES – ACTION PLAN Budget Cost Item Year Action Estimate 1 2006 Install on-line turbidimeter at Haslam Lake station. Install $30,000 on-line turbidimeter at Wildwood station if Powell Lake ($15,000 per remains in service. station) 2 2006 Optimize existing chlorination system: • Perform chlorine demand testing (break-point $25,000 chlorination), Test THM’s (both Haslam Lake and Powell Lake Systems) • Increase chlorine dosages so that residuals at the first In house customer are 1.0 mg/L; test chlorine residuals throughout distribution system.

Budget Cost Item Year Action Estimate • Determine the location and carry out the pre-design for $10,000 the chlorine booster station. Sub-Total $65,000 3 2007 Detailed design and construction of chlorine booster station. $230,000 Sub-Total $230,000 Estimated Five Year Total Cost $295,000

6.5 Conclusions & Recommendations

Historic water quality records show that chemical and physical water quality parameters have generally been within GCDWQ guidelines. (Section 5 – Secondary Treatment Plan discusses bacteriological water quality and primary disinfection targets). Past records have shown that THM formation has been below the guideline levels.

Adequate chlorine residuals are not being maintained throughout the distribution system. It is recommended that the City first optimize their existing chlorination systems through breakpoint chlorination, and by increasing the chlorine dosage at the Haslam Lake and Wildwood chlorination systems such that there is a chlorine residual of 1.0 mg/L at the first customer. THM and HAA formation should be monitored after increasing the chlorine dosage. THM levels should be below 0.1 mg/L, and HAA levels should be below 0.06 mg/L.

Following optimization of the existing chlorination system, a chlorine booster station should be constructed to service areas where chlorine residuals still fall below 0.2 mg/L.

To demonstrate compliance with Health Canada’s Turbidity Guideline for unfiltered surface water systems, the City should install on-line turbidimeters at each of the source water supplies. On-line turbidimeters should be located within the existing chlorination stations, prior to the chlorine dose points. The estimated costs for supply and installation of each on-line turbidimeter is $15,000 (excluding taxes).

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

7.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

7.1 Introduction

The City’s Emergency Water Plan (Appendix D.1) was reviewed by Dayton & Knight Ltd. in order to provide recommendations for improvements that would enable the Plan to meet the requirements of the British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Act and Drinking Water Regulation.

The current Emergency Water Plan would be used to respond to the following conditions:

• Chlorinator has not operated for a period of more than 6 hours • Chemical spill into the watershed • Security breach at the reservoir • Backflow situation

The Emergency Water Plan should be used in conjunction with the Powell River and Region Emergency Response Plan (2003). Copies of the Emergency Water Plan should be posted at the chlorination facilities, Works Yard, and the municipal offices.

7.2 Existing Emergency Water Plan

The overall purpose of the existing plan is to outline all the basic procedures to be taken in the event of an emergency at a water supply facility where conditions may cause a

The contact information for the emergency plan should be updated as City personnel and media contact information changes. The City should also ensure that the Health Authority has the updated copies of the emergency plan.

The existing plan shows the communication structure for City personnel, Health and public notification, as well as general procedures for responding to the emergency condition.

7.3 Discussion

At this time, the format for a water system Emergency Response Plan is generally developed by the Municipality and approved by the Drinking Water Officer. This allows the municipality to design a plan that best suits their needs and the level of risks that they may encounter.

Some municipalities are updating their emergency response plans to include the following scenarios listed below.

• Power failure. • Loss of source. • Loss of transmission main. • Response to positive bacteriological tests. • Failure of the chlorination system. • Response to unknown or chemical contamination. • Response to water quality events which may constitute a lower level advisory than a boil water advisory. • Response to earthquake – vulnerable system components. • Response to chlorine leak – evacuation plan.

Examples of protocols for the above conditions are provided in Section 7.4. The Emergency Water Plan should also include:

• Description of the facilities and chemicals used. • A site map of the facilities. • Map showing major water system components, high risk facilities, schools and care facilities. • List of contacts (see Table 7-1). • Personnel assignments and responsibilities, and chain of command. • Personnel safety. • Emergency report form (see Figure 7-1, Sample Form). • Sample wording for boil water, do not drink/use the water, and water quality advisories and lifting advisories (see Appendix D.2), and public notification strategy. • Training and prevention. • Identification of alternate water sources (i.e. bottled or bulk). • Water sampling and monitoring.

Emergency services personnel should be consulted in developing specific protocols. The final plan must be approved by the Drinking Water Officer. Regular staff training should be scheduled to review emergency procedures, and to ensure that contact information and facility information is up to date.

After responding to an emergency situation, staff should be debriefed to determine if improvements could be made, and the plan should be updated to reflect these changes. Updated copies of the plan should be circulated to relevant agencies and posted at water system facilities.

An abbreviated form of the Plan may be made available to the public (i.e. without personal contact information, or details involving system security).

7.4 Potential Emergency Situations

A formal detailed emergency response plan is not within the scope of this report. The following is a template of typical emergency response protocols that should be considered in developing an emergency response plan. These must be refined by operations staff, emergency services personnel, and the Drinking Water Officer. Collaboration is necessary in order to define the roles and responsibilities of each organization. After developing an Emergency Response Plan, the plan should be reviewed on a regular basis to update procedures, contact information and reflect upgrades to the water system.

7.4.1 Power Failure

Haslam Lake System

In the event of a power failure, an alarm will be triggered via the SCADA system. A propane driven genset will be automatically activated to supply back-up power to the Haslam Lake Chlorination Facility.

Response:

(a) Call B.C. Hydro and request status information. (b) Check monitoring equipment at chlorination facility to ensure continued operation. (c) If power outage is expected to be for an extended period, make provisions to refuel standby generator.

In the event of a power failure, an alarm will be triggered via the SCADA system. The reservoir will provide temporary storage only. The pumps serving Zone 7A at the Wildwood Booster Station: The jockey pump, duty pump, and fire pump, will be off- line.

Response:

(a) Call B.C. Hydro and request status information. (b) If the outage is expected to last an extended period, notify City Engineer, Director of Public Works, the Director of Fire and Emergency Services. (c) For extended power outages, issue a “Water Use Restriction” notice to local users through the media. (d) Arrange alternate source if necessary.

Contacts:

• B.C. Hydro • Fire and Emergency Services

7.4.2 Loss of Source

Loss of source caused by damaged intake. Wildwood reservoir provides short term storage capacity for the Wildwood system; there is currently no storage for the Haslam system.

Response:

(a) Isolate the line downstream of the intake. (b) Notify the City Engineer and Director of Public Works.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 7-5 (c) Notify the Director of Fire and Emergency Services. (d) Notify the Drinking Water Officer. (e) Arrange for immediate repair of the raw water system. (f) Issue a “Water Use Restriction” notice to local users through the media. (g) Monitor Wildwood storage tank level (Wildwood system). (h) Arrange for an alternate source if necessary. (i) Carry out a damage assessment, prepare a plan to begin repairs and identify a schedule for resumption of normal operation. (j) Meet with City of Powell River and Fire and Emergency Services. (k) When repairs are complete; monitor treatment as it comes back into operation. (l) Once back in operation, remove “Water Use Restriction Advisory”.

Contacts: • City Engineer • Director of Public Works • Director of Fire and Emergency Services • Drinking Water Officer

7.4.3 Loss of Transmission Main

In the event of damage to the transmission main.

Response:

(a) Stop flow of water by closing the line valves on either side of the problem area. (b) Make the site safe. If a roadway is affected, contact the RCMP for traffic control until a roads/highway contractor can assume control; if a lake or watercourse is in the vicinity, contact the B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. (c) Notify the City Engineer and Director of Public Works. (d) Notify the Director of Fire and Emergency Services and the Drinking Water Officer.

Page 7-6 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 (e) Place sediment control measures in place and dechlorinate water released from the pipeline. (f) Notify affected property owners of the problem. (g) Monitor the Wildwood storage reservoir water level (Wildwood system). (h) Issue a “Water Use Restriction” notice to local users through the media. (i) Carry out a damage assessment, prepare a plan to begin repairs and identify a schedule to resumption of normal operation. (j) Meet with the City and Fire and Emergency services. (k) Arrange for alternate source if necessary. (l) When repairs are complete, monitor water treatment as it comes back into operation. Once back in operation, then remove “Water Use Restriction” advisory.

Contacts: • RCMP – traffic control • Ministry of Environment – exposure of chlorinated water to water bodies • City Engineer • Director of Public Works • Director of Fire and Emergency Services • Drinking Water Officer • Affected property owners

7.4.4 Response to Positive Bacteriological Results

The City of Powell River routinely take water samples from the distribution systems to evaluate the microbiological quality as determined by total and fecal coliform counts. The samples are evaluated by the Ministry of Health. The following are typical situations that compromise water quality.

Situation 1 – A confirmed fecal coliform or E.coli count.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 7-7 Situation 2 – Consecutive samples from the same site shows the presence of total coliform bacteria. Situation 3 – More than 10% of samples from the distribution system in a given calendar month show presence of total coliform bacteria.

Response:

Situation 1 (a) Immediate reporting the Coastal Health Authority, Drinking Water Officer. (b) Resample and test. (c) A “Boil Water Advisory” will be issued. (d) Flush and disinfect the distribution system in the area. (e) Take water samples at all sampling points and undertake analysis for total and fecal coliforms and E.coli. (f) Once the total and fecal and E.coli results are acceptable to the Coastal Health Authority, and there is a chlorine residual at all the water systems sampling points, then the “Boil Water Advisory” may be removed.

Situation 2 and 3 (a) Flush distribution system in the area. (b) Retest for coliform counts.

Contacts: • Coastal Health Authority – Drinking Water Officer • Radio Station • Print Media

7.4.5 Failure of the Chlorination System

Failure of the chlorination system will result in the loss of ability to disinfect the water. This will be detected by the absence of a chlorine residual at the chlorine residual

Response:

(a) Immediately attend the chlorination facility and identify the elapsed time from the chlorination system failure. (b) Assess and correct the problem.

If the duration of the failure allows unchlorinated water to enter the municipal distribution system then the City will immediately:

(c) Contact the Coastal Health Authority Drinking Water Officer and advise that a “Boil Water Advisory” may be necessary. (d) Issue a “Boil Water Advisory” Notice. (e) When the chlorinator is placed back on-line and the chlorine requirements are met, then flush unchlorinated water from the system until a satisfactory chlorine residual is achieved. (f) Take water samples at all sampling locations and undertake analysis for total coliform and E.coli. (g) Once the total and E.coli samples are acceptable to the Health Authority, and there is a chlorine residual at all the sampling points then the “Boil Water Advisory” may be removed.

Contacts: • Drinking Water Officer • Radio • Print Media

Contamination of the source or storage reservoir as a result of chemical spill:

Response:

(a) Shut down pipeline. (b) Notify RCMP, Coastal Health Authority Drinking Water Officer. (c) Notify consumers immediately via radio and door to door notice delivery (i.e. Do not Drink the Water notice). (d) Take samples from the distribution system to test for contaminants. (e) Arrange alternate source if necessary. (f) Once sample results are acceptable to the Health Authority then the “Do not Drink the Water” or “Do not Use the Water” notice may be removed.

Contacts: • RCMP • Coastal Health Authority – Drinking Water Officer • Radio station • Print media

7.4.7 Unauthorized Access to Intake, Control Buildings or Storage Reservoir

Intrusion alarms are installed at the Wildwood booster station, Powell Lake pumping station, and Haslam Lake chlorination building. A security camera is installed at the Haslam Lake chlorination station.

Response:

(a) Notify RCMP. (b) Look for signs of contamination. If found see response to 7.4.6, above.

Contacts: • RCMP • Coastal Health Authority – Drinking Water Officer • Radio station • Print media

7.4.8 Response to Water Quality Events

The City plans on installing a turbidimeter at the Haslam Lake water source to satisfy the recommendations of the Health Canada turbidity guideline (2003). No issues concerning elevated turbidity have been previously reported for this source.

Elevated turbidity or turbidity spikes may indicate the occurrence of contamination of the water source or seasonal transient events. The current Canadian Guideline has a Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) for turbidity of 1 NTU, and a Aesthetic Objective (AO) is 5 NTU. The AO should not be exceeded for more than two days over the period of a year.

Response:

The City should ensure that chlorine residuals are maintained throughout the distribution system. If, in the opinion of the Drinking Water Officer, the MAC has been exceeded for a prolonged duration, a lower level water quality announcement (i.e. “Water Quality Advisory”) may need to be issued.

Contacts: • Coastal Health Authority – Drinking Water Officer

The National Building Code represents Canada into seismic zones from 0 to 6, with 6 being the highest risk zone.

The Powell River area is within Earthquake Zone 5.

In the event of an earthquake, damage to the City’s facilities and transmission main is a possibility.

Response:

(a) The Haslam Lake and Wildwood treated water flowmeter readings should be read and compared with historical flow patterns to see if there are any indications of high flow that may be related to damage or leaks to the transmission system.

(b) The City should immediately visit and inspect all facilities including: Haslam Lake chlorination building, Wildwood booster chlorination station, Wildwood storage tank, Powell Lake pump house and Haslam PRV stations.

The inspection would include:

• An interior review of all facilities looking for spraying water indicating damaged pipes, cracked concrete floors, structural damage to the block walls and roof. • A review of water treatment plant disinfection equipment to evaluate status of facility operation and signs of damage. • A walk around the exterior of all buildings looking for structural damage.

Page 7-12 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 (c) When possible, the City should drive the transmission main visually inspecting for pipeline leaks indicated by water flowing from the ground in the vicinity of the pipeline.

Contacts: • City Engineer and Director of Public Works • Director of Fire and Emergency Services

7.4.10 Response to Chlorine Leak

The City of Powell River’s two water treatment facilities utilize gas chlorination for disinfection. The Haslam Lake chlorination facility is located at the Haslam Lake source. The Wildwood chlorination facility is located in a residential area near the Powell Lake source.

The City must coordinate with Fire and Emergency Services to develop an evacuation plan to respond to a major chlorine leak. Chlorine leak detection is connected to the SCADA system. The City should regularly run tests on the detection system to ensure that it is functional. In addition, all operations staff must maintain chlorine handling training and this must be documented.

Response:

In preparation of a written chlorine response procedure, it is recommended that the City refer to the section on “Preparing for Emergencies” in the Worker’s Compensation Board of B.C. Chlorine Safe Work Practices (2002).

Contacts: • City Engineer and Director of Public Works • Director of Fire and Emergency Services • Radio Stations

7.4.11 Response to Fire in the Watershed

This emergency would arise with a fire in the watershed that could impact on the source water quality:

• Associated with fire fighting (construction of access roads and fire barriers, etc.). • Chemical retardants used in fire fighting. • Impact on watershed ground cover.

Response:

(a) In event of a fire in either watershed, the Fire Department and the Ministry of Forests Fire Notification Line should be contacted. (b) The City should meet with the Ministry of Forests to evaluate the nature of the event and measures to control the fire, including type of fire retardants used. (c) The City should monitor raw water quality for substances associated with the fire retardant. Turbidity should also be monitored. (d) The Drinking Water Officer should be notified if adverse water quality is detected.

Contacts: • Ministry of Forests • Coastal Health Authority – Drinking Water Officer

Page 7-14 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 TABLE 7-2 SAMPLE LIST OF CONTACTS Contact Person Position Organization Telephone No. Barry Jantz Director of Public City of Powell River Tel: 604-485-8633 Works Pager: 604-483-1286 Tom Hoehn Foreman, Public City of Powell River Tel: 604-485-8642 Works/Utilities Cell: 604-483-6451 Doug Coe Waterworks Technician City of Powell River Tel: N/A Cell: 604-483-6496 Shawn Cator Roads & Water City of Powell River Tel: 604-485-8611 Technician Cell: 604-414-8738 Richard Stogre Manger of Engineering City of Powell River Tel: 604-485-8605 Services Cell: 604-483-1267 Don MacKinnon City Engineer City of Powell River Tel: 604-485-6291 After hrs: 604-485-2830 Stewart Alsgard Mayor City of Powell River Tel: 604-485-6291 Dan Glover Drinking Water Officer Coastal Health Tel: 604-485-3335 Authority Dr. Paul Martiquet Medical Health Officer Coastal Health Tel: 604-886-5620 Authority Dean Gerhard Director of Fire and City of Powell River 911 Emergency Services Tel: 604-485-8645 Cell: 604-483-6088 Dan Ouelette Deputy Fire Chief City of Powell River 911 Tel: 604-485-8646 Cell: 604-483-6448 Tom Ellis Chief Fire Prevention City of Powell River 911 Officer/Assistant Chief Tel: 604-485-8648 Cell: 604-483-8877 Powell River Hospital Tel: 604-485-3211 Ambulance 911 RCMP 911 BC Hydro (Emergency) Tel: 1-888-769-3766 Shaw Cable Tel: 604-485-7765 CHTV Tel: 604-383-2435 Eagle Radio Station Courtenay/Comox/ Tel: 250-703-2200 Campbell River Tel: 250-830-1080 Global TV Tel: 604-420-2288 Ministry of Provincial Emergency Province of B.C. Tel: 1-800-663-3456 Environment Program Operations Ministry of Forests Centre Ministry of Transportation

This table should be expanded to define the roles and responsibilities of key personnel.

Facility: Haslam Lake Chlorination Station Location: Powell River Telephone:

Person filling the report Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Cell: ______

Emergency Date:______/______/______Time: ______AM or PM Location: ______Type of emergency: ______Est. quantities (if spill occurs): ______L or ml or kg Possible cause: ______Details of incident: ______Contaminated area/equipment/materials/etc.: ______Actions taken to manage emergency: ______

Emergency Officer (at time of emergency) Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Cell: ______

Person(s) responsible for actions, containment, recovering, clean-up and/or disposal: Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Resp. for: ______Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Resp. for: ______Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Resp. for: ______Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Resp. for: ______Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Resp. for: ______Name: ______Position: ______Tel: ______Resp. for: ______

Report prepared by:

______Signature Date (mm/dd/yy)

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

8.0 HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED ASSESSMENT

The Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment was conducted by Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd.

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.1.1 Overview

The City, at the request of the Drinking Water Officer of the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, is investigating improvements to the water distribution, supply and treatment systems that may be needed in order to meet the regulations set out in the Drinking Water Protection Act. The assessment encompasses the entire water supply system from source to tap. The present report focuses on the drinking water source. The outcome of the project is to establish a prioritized 5-Year Action Plan to deal with any deficiencies identified.

8.1.2 Scope and Objectives

The City has the capacity to use three source areas for its water supply. However, the scope of the current study, as defined by the Drinking Water Officer (DWO), was limited to the Haslam Lake watershed only. The geographic focus of the assessment, therefore, was on the watershed or source area upstream of the point of diversion on Haslam Lake and an assessment area around the point of diversion. Aspects not related to drinking water were beyond the scope of this assessment.

The specific objectives of the assessment were to:

• assess the risks to the drinking water source; and • establish a prioritized list of improvements to be undertaken by the District, including works, permits, consultations, a public meeting, and listing of additional information or investigation if necessary.

8.2 Methods

The assessment was conducted in accordance with the methods outlined in the Draft Comprehensive Drinking Water Source to Tap Assessment Guideline (draft Guideline), published jointly by the Ministry of Health Services and the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection in March 2005. The draft Guideline recommends a sequence of steps or modules and the methods to be followed in each step.

The Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment included Module 1 (Delineation and Characterization of the Drinking Water Source, Module 2 (Inventory of Potential Contaminants), and the relevant parts of Module 7 (Characterization of Risks) and Module 8 (Recommendation of Actions to Improve Drinking Water Protection). Module 1 and 2 were completed using existing information only, as we were advised by the City that a detailed field assessment was not considered necessary at this time. Descriptions of the methods followed are provided below.

The assessment was initiated with a reconnaissance of the lower watershed and the intake (point of diversion) on Haslam Lake. A detailed field investigation was not considered necessary in this case because the watershed has been the subject of a Coastal Watershed Assessment Process (CWAP) and an Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) in the recent past (MELP & MoF 1997, IWMP Committee 1999, Carson 2000 and 2003).

Page 8-2 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 Background information from a variety of sources, including documentation and anecdotal information obtained from the City, the Powell River Historical Museum and Archives, Ministry of Forests, community groups and individuals and the Internet was then compiled and reviewed. The tenures of commercial forest blocks within the watershed were undergoing considerable change, during the period of this study September – November 2005), due to corporate sales and purchases among the various logging companies; as a result, forest industry representatives were not contacted. Pertinent information was obtained instead from the City and the Ministry of Forests. To identify issues and concerns of the broader public, a questionnaire was distributed to a variety of stakeholders. The questionnaire and a list of the persons contacted are provided in Appendix D; the responses received are also provided in Appendix D.

The background information was analyzed, and a Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of the watershed was completed, following the method suggested in the draft Guideline. A prioritized list of recommended actions for a drinking water risk management strategy for the Haslam Lake watershed was then developed.

8.3 Assessment Results

The assessment results are presented below following the steps outlined in the Draft Comprehensive Source to Tap Assessment Guideline. Module 8, suggested actions for a proposed drinking water risk management strategy, is described in Section 8.4.

8.3.1 Delineation and Characterization of the Drinking Water Source

This step entailed the delineation of the contributing watershed; definition of the assessment area; characterization of the watershed and waterbody; and evaluation of the integrity and location of the water intake.

The boundary of the Haslam Lake watershed has been delineated and well documented in the past, through the IWMP and CWAP studies. The geographical scope of these studies, however, encompassed the entire catchment area of Lang Creek to the ocean, and included several points of diversion for community water supply in addition to the intake on Haslam Lake. In the previous studies, the watershed of Haslam Lake was treated as a sub-catchment of the greater Haslam-Lang watershed.

The assessment area boundary for the present report was defined as the entire watershed of Haslam Lake plus an area encompassed by a radius of 100 m around the intake structure. The watershed boundary and point of diversion are shown in Figure 8-1.

It was confirmed during the present assessment that the watershed boundary, as described in the previous studies, was determined in accordance with the draft Guideline (i.e., the source area was defined topographically as the area draining to Haslam Lake).

8.3.1.2 Characteristics of the Watershed and Waterbody

The characteristics of the watershed and waterbody have also been well documented through the IWMP and CWAP studies. These are summarized below, focusing on the aspects that are important to the present assessment.

Haslam Lake Lang Creek http://www.mtonline.gov.bc.ca/ WATERSHED, POWELL RIVER, B.C. [accessed 10 Feb 2006] Outlet Weir Adapted from: Mineral Titles Online Titles Online from: Mineral Adapted Boundary Watershed Haslam Lake Water Intake Powell Lake Cranberry L. FIGURE 8-1. HASLAM LAKE

Land Use

Historical land use of the Haslam Lake watershed has been dominated by logging. The first logging claims were established in 1895 and the first logging is reported to have taken place in 1910 (Stanley, undated). A rail head was established at the head of Haslam Lake by 1918. The shores of Haslam Lake were logged and logs floated down the lake. A major fire in 1924, which spread west and north of Cranberry, burned much of the lower half of the lake’s watershed. By 1926, with the end of the first pass of logging, an extensive network of skid trails had been established throughout much of the lower watershed areas. A small sawmill was established at the south end of the lake in the early 1930s that operated up until 1997.

As a result of extensive prior logging, the second growth stands, a significant portion of which are hardwoods (mainly red alder), have only recently reached harvestable age. The tenure of forest resources in the watershed has undergone considerable change during 2004 and 2005. Consequently, it is not possible at this time to provide a detailed description of the names and surface areas held by the various tenure holders. However, from a watershed management perspective, it is sufficient to indicate that, because the area is well roaded and the timber is reaching culmination in many areas, timber harvesting will become of increasing importance within the watershed in the future. Future logging practices will be governed by the existing regulatory framework, including the Forest Practices Code (Carson 2003).

Recreational uses of the lake and surrounding watershed area followed logging activity. These have included fishing, swimming, motor-boating and paddling in the lake, and camping, hiking, cross-country skiing, horse-, and 4x4- and ATV (all terrain vehicle) riding. Interestingly, hunting is not mentioned in the documentation reviewed.

Construction of the water intake at the current location was started in 1958 and completed in 1959. A water level control weir, constructed of logs, was first built in 1928, and

Page 8-6 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 rebuilt in 1959 in conjunction with the new water intake. The formal designation of the lake as a reservoir led to the eventual closing of the recreational campground in 1980, and prohibition of motor boats in 1981. The Powell River Salmon Society has stocked Coho salmon from the Lang Creek Hatchery in the lake since 1985. The log weir at the lake outlet was replaced in 2001 with a cement weir that includes an engineered fish ladder.

One squatter’s residence continued to be used until 2000, approximately, when it too was closed (Don MacLeod, personal communication).

Four mineral claims have been staked in the northeast corner of the watershed and one in the southwest (Figure 8-1). Exploration activity has taken place; however, no commercial extraction operation has been initiated to date (MELP & MoF 1997).

Water Use

There are two water licenses on Haslam Lake, both issued to the District of Powell River. These licenses support more than 98% of the users; the remainder are supplied by sources that are not connected to the City’s water utility. One license is for 49,130,000 gallons per year and the other is for 14400 acre feet. The District of Powell River is permitted diversion of 700 L/s (25 cfs). The terms of water use require that a minimum flow of 430 L/s (15 cfs) be sustained into Lang Creek except for the spawning season (October and November) when 700 L/s is required. Minimum water consumption occurs between the months of October and April, when less than 80 L/s is taken from the lake on a weekly average. During months of maximum consumption, 270 L/s is consumed (on a weekly average).

Live storage was created on Haslam Lake by the construction of a weir on the lake’s outlet. During the summer, the above level of consumption would translate into approximately a 2 mm drop in lake level per day, if this was the only consumption or outlet. Evaporation from the lake surface will be approximately 5 mm during hot, windy

Additional information on water use is provided below under Hydrology.

Biophysical Features

Information on the watershed’s biophysical features is summarized below from the Watershed Assessment reports prepared by MELP and MoF (1997) and Carson Land Resources Management Ltd. (Carson 2000, 2003).

Physiography and Geology

Haslam Lake Watershed is located immediately north east of Powell River on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia. The watershed is comprised of approximately 58.9 km2, less than 1/10 of which is the surface of the lake itself. The whole area is naturally drained by Lang Creek, although a weir is used to control the water level and flow out of Haslam Lake. The elevation ranges from the lake at 173 meters above sea level to >1000 m at the summit of Tinhat Mountain in the northeast corner of the catchment. The watershed is atypical of most coastal streams, in that the strongly U-shaped glacial valley is occupied by Haslam Lake rather than an incising stream. The topography consists of variably sloping land near the lake, with increasing gradient outward toward the watershed boundary, particularly on the west and north sides. The elevational distribution of the watershed is summarized in Table 8-1.

The watershed is underlain by bedrock from the Coast Plutonic Complex which is dominated by granites of varied composition. Granitic rocks underlay most of the watershed. Volcanic rocks are present as inclusions and in some areas these inclusions can cover extensive areas. Northwest-southeastern trending faults and fracture zones occur throughout this area.

Page 8-8 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 Active geomorphic processes including gullying and landsliding were described in the 1997 Community Watershed Assessment (MELP & MoF 1997). Landslides were reported to be most common in areas of weathered and/or fractured bedrock and shallow colluvial deposits particularly on the steeper slopes along the west side of the lake. Significant gullies are present beside the north-east corner of Haslam Lake; however, these gullies are not considered highly unstable (Maynard 1994 in MELP & MoF 1997).

TABLE 8-1 HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED LAND AREA MEASUREMENTS BY ELEVATION BAND Area between Area below Area above Total 300m and Description 300m contour 800m contour area 800m contour (km2) (km2) (km2) (km2) Surface Area 24.0 29.6 5.4 58.9 Percent of total 40.7% 50.3% 9.2% 100 (Source: adapted from Carson 2003).

Climate

Mean annual rainfall at Powell River (121 m elevation) is approximately 1200 mm. Because of orographic effects, total precipitation is considerably greater as one moves towards the mountain ridge along the north end of the watershed where it may reach 2500 mm. Mean annual temperature at Powell River is 9° C, with a range of minus 0.4°C in winter to 22.4°C in summer (Environment Canada 1993). Based on a wet adiabatic lapse rate of 6°C per 1000 meters elevation, the mean annual air temperature at 800 m would be approximately 6°C (Carson 2003). A moderate winter snow pack occurs above 800 m; however, the area involved covers less than 10 % of the watershed area. (See also Climate Change, below.)

Hydrology

The 2003 Watershed Assessment report (Carson 2003) provides an excellent overview description of the lake’s watershed hydrology, quoted in part below:

“Within the Haslam Lake catchment more than 83 % of the water is generated from forested terrain, (17% falls on the lake surface itself). [With the exception of the area surrounding the south end of the lake, most of the subcatchments] are typical for small coastal mountain streams in terms of water quality and timing of flows. Once water holding capacity of watershed soils are met in late fall, discharge responds rapidly (within hours) to rainfall events. During the summer when soils have dried out, soil profile recharge is required before precipitation translates into ground water recharge and stream flow. Once the soil water holding capacity of the watershed has been met, the stream responds to precipitation rapidly (i.e. within hours). This also is especially true for shallow subsurface flow via macro-pores, which is a dominant flow mechanism during major storm events. Peak annual discharges usually occur as a result of high intensity, long duration rainfalls that are exacerbated by local rain on snow events. Such storms can happen in any month from October through to March. Average monthly discharge is highest in the winter during the rainy months when air temperatures are above 2 degrees centigrade. Lowest flows accompany normal late summer drought. Winter low flows are usually not nearly as low as summer low flows, primarily because long cold snaps are rare and long drought periods in the winter uncommon. The ground under forests rarely freezes, so soil water is available to generate stream flow. Differences between maximum and minimum flow ranges over two and one half orders of magnitude.”

“Haslam Lake forms a substantial water delivery and storage buffer that markedly dampens the effect of any extreme hydrological event that might be generated by any or all of the streams flowing into it. (For instance, cumulative storm flow into the lake probably exceeds 30 m3/sec, whereas at the same time, the outlet discharge rarely exceeds 10 m3/sec.)”

“The District of Powell River has recorded Lake water levels manually on a weekly basis since 1990.” (See Figure 8-2).

Page 8-10 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 “Given the area of the watershed draining into Haslam Lake and the size of Haslam Lake, the rapid response to rainfall and the immediate dropping of the lake level in the absence of precipitation illustrates clearly the low level of storage within forested slopes themselves. However, antecedent soil conditions, air temperature, adiabatic lapse rate, freezing level and precipitation intensity and duration within the catchment forests will influence the rate of rise and fall of lake level.”

“The approximate temporary storage volume of Haslam Lake corresponds to 110,000 m3 per each cm change in lake level. Given that the lake level varies between an elevation of 563.8 and 568.8 feet (based on data supplied by the District of Powell River) this corresponds to a total transitory (live) storage in excess of 16.5 million m3 of water.1

HASLAM LAKE WATER LEVEL Pow ell River District Water Works 569.0

568.0

1992 LEVEL 567.0 1995 LEVEL 1997 LEVEL 566.0 1998 LEVEL 1999 LEVEL FEET A .S.L . 565.0 Avg. 1990-99 2000 LEVEL

564.0

563.0

r y l u ug ep ov ec Jan Feb Ma Mar Jun - - - Ma - A S N -D 5- 20-J 7- 4- 9- 05 02 02- 30 27-Apr 2 22 1 1 12-Oct 0 07

Figure 8-2. Selected Haslam Lake Levels to show range between 1992 and 2000.

Based on Powell River District data, maximum summer consumption occurred in 1997 when 161,170 m3 of water was consumed in one week. This is equivalent to around

1According to the Chatwin report (Chatwin Engineering, 1992) 0.53 m of storage on Haslam Lake corresponds to the 5.8 million m3 of storage required to meet a potential population of 25,000. For simplicity in calculations, the shore line has been considered to be precipitous. The difference between maximum and minimum lake levels is 1.5 meters. The intake itself is still almost 1.5 meters below the lowest levels ever recorded in the lake, so there is little danger of the intake ever being exposed.

“According to a study supported by the Powell River District, only 35 % of the present active storage in Haslam Lake is required to meet the needs of the District of Powell River and maintain licensed flows for Lang Creek. It is assumed that with relatively minor changes in storage capabilities and storage efficiency of Haslam Lake, it will be possible to accommodate all users, even with projected increases in growth”

“In terms of possible future effects of forestry development on water storage in Haslam Lake, there is minimal risk to changes to the lake level in terms of increased areas flooded, increased speed of flooding and reduced water supply associated with planned forestry development. A small, temporary but immeasurable increase in water supply to the lake might be expected immediately after logging because of a reduction in canopy interception and evapotranspiration of second growth forests.” (Carson 2003).

Water Quality

Water quality monitoring in Haslam Lake has taken place since at least 1991 (IWMP 1999). As a result, there is abundant information available on the quality of raw water in Haslam Lake at the intake, including seasonal variation for selected parameters such as temperature and turbidity. In general terms, the monitoring results have demonstrated that the quality of raw water in Haslam Lake is acceptable year round.

Measurements of total metals in Haslam Lake and in the small stream that flows past the Cranberry landfill (“Landfill Creek”), conducted in 2003 and 2004, confirmed that the water in both sources met the Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers [CCREM] 1993). The laboratory reports of water quality data reviewed for this assessment are provided in Appendix D.

Regarding the issue water quality and turbidity, Carson (2003) also states:

“Haslam Lake has a huge dead storage with annual precipitation accounting for less than 10 % 2 of its total volume. As such, the lake acts as a chemical, biological and physical conditioner for any water entering it.”

“Because there are many sub-catchments feeding Haslam Lake, individual discharges of these creeks are small and their individual effect on the lake storage minuscule. Should there be a major turbidity event on a particular stream system; the turbidity plume will be much smaller than if the lake was fed by a single large stream at its headwaters. The large amount of dead storage within Haslam Lake effectively buffers the whole system3. Turbidity plumes, should they occur on Haslam Lake are localized and, in the absence of a major current to move the plume towards the intake, and depending on water temperature differences and local winds diffused the risks of a sediment plume actually reaching the intake are directly related to the distance from the intake. Based on expected magnitude and low potential for transportability, only those tributaries near the intake have the potential to affect water turbidity at the Powell River intake. During the last CWAP the sub-basin [around the intake] was established in order to indicate where additional management precautions are warranted (Carson 2003).”

“The only potentially significant sediment source identified within the Haslam Lake watershed is erosion by wave action on unprotected shores near the intake (Carson 2003). This is caused occasionally by the combination of high lake levels and high winds, which can threaten to increase turbidity. The use of rip rap to armour the shore in the bay

2Assuming an average depth of 20 m. [Note that detailed information on the bathymetry of Haslam Lake – and hence accurate estimation of storage volume - was not available.]

3 In contrast, Capilano Lake, that stores water for the GVRD, is strongly affected by the large Capilano River that flows into the head of the lake, where residence time in winter can be measured in days.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-13 adjacent to intake was recommended as a control measure. However, based on the available information, water quality at the intake has never experienced turbidity in excess of 1 NTU; the higher turbidities measured along the shore may or may not be reflected by any increase at the intake itself.” (Carson 2003).

Biological Features

The watershed is located in the Western Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone at the lower elevations and the Mountain Hemlock Zone at the upper elevations. The 1997 Coastal Watershed Assessment report states that most of the area has been clearcut and/or burnt; several isolated but poorly accessible stands of mature timber remain; and the age of the larger trees is between 40 and 80 years (MELP & MoF 1997).

Information available on terrestrial wildlife and biodiversity is limited. The IWMP (1999) states that the wildlife species recorded in the area to date are typically expected to occur in the coastal forest. Bald Eagle, Turkey Vulture and Vaux’s Swift, as well as the Western Screech Owl and Hutton’s Vireo have been identified as species of special management concern due either to their being endemic to south-western BC or being blue-listed by provincial authorities. Bats and fur-bearing animals have not been inventoried. A herd of Roosevelt elk that is an important recreational resource for nature watchers has been reported (Dave Hodgins, personal communication). The highest wildlife habitat values are reported to exist at the south end of the lake (IWMP 1999). Biodiversity in general is considered to be relatively low due to the even-aged forest stands resulting from historic land use and forest fires (IWMP 1999).

Haslam Lake and its tributary streams and outlet creek support rainbow and cutthroat trout, as well as Kokanee (lake only) and Coho salmon. Lang Creek is the most productive fish river in the Powell River area, with good natural productivity being further enhanced by a hatchery, sorting station and spawning channel all operated by the Powell River Salmon Enhancement Society. A fish ladder on the lake’s outlet weir provides fish access from the Lang Creek system to Haslam Lake.

Haslam Lake is known to support populations of Kokanee salmon, rainbow and cutthroat trout, as well as sculpin and stickleback (Anon. 2001). There are at least 19 mapped tributaries to Haslam Lake. Information on fish presence in these streams was not available; however, it is anticipated that the larger of these contain fish bearing and rearing habitat. Coho salmon fry from the Lang Creek Hatchery have been stocked in the lake by the Salmon Enhancement Society since 1985. Coho salmon released each year are found in the lower reaches of some of these tributary streams, whereas cutthroat trout are found further upstream. Kokanee are believed to spawn in areas of suitable gravel of the small streams entering Haslam Lake and below the weir at the outlet of Haslam Lake (Carson 2000).

Climate Change

Evaluations of recent and projected changes in precipitation and temperature due to climatic variations in coastal B.C. have been completed for the Powell River area (Quilty et al. 2004) and the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) by Environment Canada (Taylor & Langlois 2000), based on computer modeling. The review of historical changes by Quilty et al. (2004) suggests atmospheric warming of approximately 0.8°C in winter and 0.3°C in spring over the past 80 years, while summer and fall appear not to have been affected. Precipitation has also increased, with highest increases during winter (~1.2 mm/day) and spring (~0.8 mm/day), and modest increases during summer and fall (~0.5 mm/day). Local summer air temperatures were forecasted to warm by approximately 1.1°C by 2020, by 1.8 to 2.1°C by the 2040s, and by 2.4 to 3.5°C by the 2080s.

The anticipated longer term scenarios for precipitation and temperature are summarized in Table 8-2, based on the GVRD study. It is assumed that the overall patterns of change projected for the GVRD would be similar in the Powell River area.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-15 TABLE 8-2 PROJECTED CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN COASTAL B.C. DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE BETWEEN THE PRESENT AND 2080 (BASED ON TAYLOR & LANGLOIS 2000) Time of year Temperature Precipitation January, February and 3 – 4 ºC 10% – 20% increase March increase April, May and June 3 – 4 ºC No change to 10–20% increase decrease July and August 3 – 4 ºC Little change increase September, October, 3 – 4 ºC 10 – 30% November and December increase increase

Since temperatures are projected to be higher in the decades ahead, an increasingly lower proportion of the precipitation is projected to fall as snow compared to today’s climate.

8.3.2 Inventory of Potential Contaminants

The inventory of potential contaminants was based on the review of the historical and existing land uses or activities in the watershed, as well as those that are planned for the foreseeable future. Natural sources, such as wildlife in the watershed, potential forest fires, pest outbreaks, severe earthquake and the effects of climate change were also considered. The potential contaminant sources described below are summarized in Table 8-3.

Based on the information reviewed, historical land uses that may have left persistent sources of residual contamination in the watershed are limited to the decommissioned Cranberry Landfill. However, water quality measurements conducted in 2003 have confirmed that the concentrations of total metals in the creek draining this sub-catchment are well within the Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines.

Page 8-16 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 The potential contamination due to residual effects of historical logging, forest fire, and recreational use of the lake and interior areas of the watershed are considered negligible.

Existing sources of potential contamination in the source water were identified to include:

1. wildlife in the watershed; 2. vehicular traffic on the public road beside lower Haslam Lake; 3. the closed Cranberry landfill; 4. existing logging operations and related building of new roads; 5. recreational use of the lake and watershed; and 6. vandalism.

Wildlife populations, particularly warm-blooded animals such as mammals and birds, are a natural source of potential contamination from bacteria and other microbial pathogens. However, this source is always present regardless of the degree of source protection. It is effectively controlled through the Treatment barrier in the multiple-barrier approach. Accordingly, this source is not considered further in this section on Source Protection.

Based on the available documentation, the potential sources of contamination due to ongoing logging activity not associated with road building (i.e. using existing roads), and recreational use of the lake and interior areas of the watershed are considered negligible.

Potential future sources of contamination were identified to include:

1. vehicular traffic on the public road beside lower Haslam Lake, if this road is not relocated (Figure 8-3); 2. road building and future logging operations; 3. forest fires and related suppression activities; 4. recreational use of the lake and watershed; 5. vandalism; 6. mining;

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-17 7. forest pest outbreaks and associated control measures; 8. forest fire and related suppression activities and chemicals; 9. severe earthquake; and 10. climate change.

Again, based on the available documentation, the potential sources of future contamination due to proposed logging and silviculture activity not associated with road building, as well as recreational use of the lake and interior areas of the watershed (as allowed under the terms of the IWMP) are considered negligible. Vandalism is possible, but considered improbable at a magnitude that would have a significant effect on water quality or availability. Mineral tenures and exploration activity (copper and molybdenum) are reported to exist in the northeast corner of the watershed (IWMP 1999); however, there is no extraction at present and any proposed mining would be subject to prior review and approval/rejection under provincial environmental assessment and IWMP processes. The likelihood of forest pest outbreaks is considered low in the near to medium term, due to the relatively humid climate (Alan Shaw, Ministry of Forests, Powell River, personal communication); however, it is conceivable that rising temperatures and drier summers due to climate change could contribute to the incidence of forest pest outbreaks in the longer term, which might require control measures.

Existing public road along lakeshore

Proposed bypass route

Figure 8-3. Location of proposed alternative route of public road on south side of Haslam Lake. (Source: Corporation of the District of Powell River).

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-19 TABLE 8-3 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES IDENTIFIED IN THE HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED. Contaminant Distance / Possible Contaminant Owner/ Source & direction to contaminants of Transport Comments No. Jurisdiction Hazard Description the POD concern Mechanism Wildlife Crown Entire Bacteria and other Overland flow and This source is present in all watershed pathogens direct deposition watersheds regardless of the in the lake level of protection. Cranberry CDPRa > 500 m Trace metals, organic Leaching and Water quality monitoring has Landfill chemicals, overland flow not detected any metals contamination to date. (closed) pharmaceutical byproducts, etc. in leachate. Public road CDPR > 50 m Hydrocarbons, trace Overland flow Ongoing; logging traffic may metals, etc. increase in near future Logging Timber >> 100 m Sediment; Overland flow Ongoing, mostly on existing licensees hydrocarbons, nutrients; roads trace metals, etc. Recreational Crown, > 100 m Microbial pathogens, Direct deposition Ongoing, but low intensity use of lake PRRDb? organic matter, hydrocarbons, etc. Recreational Crown, >> 100 m Microbial pathogens, Overland flow Ongoing, but low intensity use of uplands PRRD? organic matter, hydrocarbons, etc.

Vandalism CDPR 0 m Sediment; unknown Sediment Likelihood of a significant substances suspension; direct disturbance is considered low. deposition Mining Crown/ > 10 km Sediment, metals, Overland flow Limited exploration activity in c nutrients, etc. tenures; no mining activity at MEMPR present. Earthquake Crown, Entire Sediment, organic Overland flow; Concern includes potential CDPR, watershed matter, nutrients, trace Sediment structural damage to POD. PRRD metals suspension; direct deposition a Corporation of the District of Powell River; b Powell River Regional District (jurisdiction not confirmed); c Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources.

8.3.3 Robustness of Source Water Protection

The source water protection barrier in the Haslam Lake watershed and area surrounding the point of diversion was found to include the following components:

1. A gate on the pier supporting the water intake pipeline at the point of diversion (Photo 8-1); 2. A physical barrier (floating log boom) across the bay in which the point of diversion is located (Photo 8-2); 3. A special management zone in the sub watershed surrounding the point of diversion; 4. Restrictions on other uses of the lake/reservoir; and

Photo 8-1. Fence and locked access gate at the water intake at the southwest end of Haslam Lake. Note hydrometric stilling well on left and wording of larger sign. 18 Aug. 2005.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-21 Photo 8-2. View of the water intake pier on Haslam Lake from compound that contains chlorination facility. Arrow indicates the log boom barrier across the bay, which is intended to prevent entry by water into the intake area. 18 Aug. 2005.

All of the above are defined in an existing Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP), which is implemented by a committee made up a broad range of stakeholders, and is periodically updated. The IWMP and its continued implementation are based on the input by stakeholders and the results and recommendations of a number of technical scientific studies including on-going monitoring of hydrological conditions (water quantity) and water quality.

Prior assessments (MELP & MoF 1997; IWMP 1999; Carson 2000, 2003) have concluded that most of the above components are functioning effectively and reliably. However, weaknesses have been previously identified in two key areas:

• The continued presence of a well-traveled public road beside the lake within the special management zone surrounding the intake is a source of potential contamination, particularly in the event of vehicular accident that results in the release of hydrocarbons or other substances into the lake water. It is worth noting,

Page 8-22 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 however, that no actual incidents of contamination linked to this road have been reported to date. An additional threat, in this case, is a forecast increase in heavy vehicle traffic along this road, resulting from commercial logging that is scheduled to take place within and outside of the watershed in the foreseeable future.

• The lake shore near the intake is susceptible to become a source of turbidity due to wave action, particularly during high water levels in winter. Incidents of increased turbidity have been measured in the past. However, their effect on the quality of water within the City’s distribution system has not been fully assessed to date.

Measures intended to mitigate these weaknesses have been recommended previously in the IWMP and CWAP reports (MELP & MoF 1997; IWMP 1999; Carson 2000, 2003). These include relocating the public road away from the lakeshore and armouring of the shoreline near the intake with rock to prevent sediment suspension by wave action. Considerable planning, involving all stakeholders, has already taken place with regard to relocating the road. An alternative route has been identified, and preliminary surveys have been completed (Rob Cruickshank and Alan Shaw, pers. comm.) Based on the information available for this report, it appears that no additional action has been taken in the case of controlling the generation turbidity along the shoreline.

8.3.4 Risk Assessment

The risks associated with the hazards and vulnerabilities identified in the preceding section were assessed qualitatively. The magnitude and/or the likelihood associated with a contamination event are already well understood, and risk management measures have already been prescribed or are incorporated in another barrier (e.g. treatment) of the multiple barrier approach. In view of the abundance of pre-existing information, quantitative risk assessment methods were not considered warranted in this case.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-23 The types of potential impacts, magnitude, likelihood, consequence and unabated risk rating of hazards identified in the source water assessment area are presented in Table 8-4.

TABLE 8-4 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES IDENTIFIED IN THE HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED Hazard Drinking Water Existing Preventive Associated Possible effects No. Hazard Type Measures Barrier Wildlife Contamination by naturally None Treatment occurring pathogens Landfill Contamination from leachate Closure; isolation from runoff Source protection Public road Contamination from automobile Stormwater management Source protection wastes, road salt systems in place Logging roads Contamination from erosion and Stormwater management Source protection automobile wastes systems in place Aquatic recreation Contamination from boaters, Isolation of POD (~100 m); Source protection; fishers swimmers electric boat motors only treatment allowed; disinfection by chlorination; signage Upland recreation Contamination from horses, Chlorination disinfection; Source protection; hikers, skiers, campers, road signage treatment vehicles and ATVs Vandalism Damage to the intake or outlet Restricted access; signage Source protection; weir, affecting water quality system and/or availability. maintenance; emergency response planning Mining Contamination from sediments, Regulatory review processes Source protection explosives residues, leachate Forest Fire Contamination from sediment Public education; vigilance Source protection; and fire suppression chemicals emergency response planning Forest Pest Contamination from pesticides None applicable Source protection; Control treatment Earthquake Damage to intake; sediment Engineered intake and outlet Source protection; contamination from landslides in structures treatment; system watershed maintenance; emergency response planning Climate Change Reduction in water quantity None applicable Source protection; available

Human-made hazards range in magnitude from Low in the case of new logging roads to High in the case of vandalism and severe vehicle accident on the public road. The consequences of an event due to a human-made hazard range from Insignificant in the case of new logging roads, to Major in the event of severe vandalism at the water intake, with Moderate ratings for a vehicular accident on the public road and vandalism at the outlet weir.

Page 8-24 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 Natural hazards range in magnitude from Low in the case of shoreline erosion to High for a severe earthquake. The consequences of a naturally caused event range from Insignificant in the case of shoreline erosion to Catastrophic for a severe earthquake, while forest fire is rated as Moderate to Major.

Climate change, which for present purposes was classified separately as a combination of human-made and natural hazards, presents a Low magnitude of potential impacts, with Insignificant consequences within the next 10 years.

A summary of unabated risks for the source water assessment area is provided in Table 8-5.

Risk abatement is achieved through the implementation of measures that reduce the vulnerability of the system to the hazards that are present. The vulnerabilities were identified with respect to each of the hazards potentially affecting the water source are described below.

Cranberry Landfill. This landfill is no longer in use and has been decommissioned (Shawn Cator, personal communication). Laboratory analyses of water samples collected from “Landfill Creek” (the small stream that drains the subcatchment that the landfill is located in) have shown no contamination from metals. These results suggest that the existing abatement measures are adequate. Measurements for other potential contaminants originating in the landfill, such as organic compounds, pharmaceutical byproducts, etc. have not been undertaken. However, dilution in the lake water probably renders any such compounds undetectable at the point of diversion. Accordingly, the vulnerability of the source water quality due to this hazard is considered low.

Lakeside Public Road. The existence of an actively used public road is an important vulnerability because it directs vehicles along the shore close to the water intake. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the fact that there is no alternative route available at present and increased commercial logging traffic along this road is contemplated within

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-25 the next 5 to 10 years. At present, the associated vulnerability is rated as moderate. However, the abatement of this vulnerability through the creation of a new road that will remove public traffic from the vicinity of the intake is under active consideration by the various stakeholders involved (Figure 8-3).

Photo 8-3. Outlet weir on Haslam Lake, viewed upstream. Fish ladder is on left. Water level is controlled with stop logs. 18 Aug. 2005.

Vandalism. The security of water supplies and related system infrastructure in an emerging issue worldwide. Damage to the water intake and lake outlet weir to date due to vandalism has been negligible (Barry Jantz, personal communication). Consequently, security has not been identified as an explicit concern in previous studies of this watershed. Existing security measures at the intake are limited to the provision of a locked gate on the pier that supports the intake pipe (Photo 8-1); access to the pier from the public road or from the water is not secured. There is no security at the lake outlet weir, which is accessible directly from the public road (Photo 8-3); however, limited signage is present (Photo 8-4). In view of these findings, the vulnerability of the water intake is considered high, and of the lake outlet weir is considered moderate to high. The

Photo 8-4. Warning sign at Haslam lake outlet weir. Note difference in wording of sign at intake (Photo 1). 18 Aug. 2005.

Shoreline Erosion. This hazard has been identified previously through direct measurements of turbidity at the lake shore near the intake (Carson 2003). Excessive turbidity in raw water drawn into the distribution system, however, has not been identified as a significant concern by the water system operators. This may reflect the fact that the intake, by design, is located well away from the shore. Consequently, the vulnerability of the source water due to shoreline erosion is considered low.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-27 TABLE 8-5 QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF UNABATED RISK TO THE SAFETY AND RELIABILITY OF RAW DRINKING WATER OBTAINED FROM THE HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED Hazard Description of Magnitude Likelihood Consequence Risk (rank) potential effect Human-made Hazards Traffic on Contamination due to discharge Low to High Rare (1) Moderate Moderate public road of hydro-carbons and other (Variable) (1) substances due to releases from vehicle(s) in case of accident. Construction Contamination due to erosion Low Unlikely Insignificant Low of new and sedimentation. logging roads (3) Vandalism Water Intake: Contamination High Rare Major High (4) and/or interruption of water supply if intake tampered with, or damaged. Outlet weir: Loss of reservoir High Rare Moderate Moderate live storage volume if weir breached. Natural Hazards Shoreline Contamination due to Low Likely Insignificant to Moderate erosion (2) suspension of shoreline Minor sediments by wave action. Forest Fire Contamination due to erosion, Medium - Unlikely Moderate to Major Moderate (5) combustion products and fire High - High suppression chemicals

Severe Loss of storage volume due to High Rare Major to High earthquake breach in weir resulting from Catastrophic (6) extreme earthquake or vandalism. Climate Change (7) Higher Unknown; may include Low Possible Insignificant Low average changes in water quantity and temperature quality. Change in Unknown; may include Low Possible Insignificant Low precipitation changes in water quantity and distribution quality. 1 - (<10% probability of occurrence in next 10 years)

Forest Fire is an ever present hazard in British Columbia, whether caused by humans or lightning. The likelihood of occurrence in coastal areas has diminished over the past several decades due to improved land use practices, particularly logging, increased vigilance and awareness, and implementation of the IWMP. Nonetheless, in the event of a significant fire developing in the watershed, fire fighting activities including the clearing of fire breaks and the aerial application of chemical suppressants and retardants could contribute to impairment of water quality in Haslam Lake (see also Climate

Page 8-28 Dayton & Knight Ltd. 213.20 ©2006 Change, below). However, based on our review of the magnitude of potential impacts associated with forest fire in a coastal environment, the related vulnerability is considered low to moderate.

Severe Earthquake. A detailed assessment of seismic hazards is beyond the scope of the present report. However, it is worth noting that Haslam Lake is located in a seismically very active region, and that a severe earthquake could damage the intake structure. Over 70 earthquakes have been recoded in the Powell River area over the past five years; however most have gone un-noticed, their magnitudes being been relatively minor - between 0.5 and 2.1 (Natural Resources Canada [NRC] 2005) - and their local intensities negligible.4 Typically, serious structural damage does not occur below magnitude 7. The National Building Code of Canada provides building design criteria for large and small structures, for various earthquake loads (NRC 2005); the criteria are based on a 10-percent chance over a 50-year period that an earthquake causing ground motion greater than the expected value will occur. Since the last major earthquake that affected the B.C. inner coast was over 300 years ago, a strong earthquake that exceeds the Building Code design criteria could occur at any time. The vulnerability of the intake structure to damage in the event of a severe earthquake is, therefore, considered high.

Climate Change. Based on the projections, landslides and debris torrents could become more common in steep and unstable terrain as winter precipitation rises. Drier summer conditions in forested areas would increase the risk of fire. Water quality in reservoirs, fish and wildlife habitat, as well as roads and other man-made structures could be at increased risk.

Most of the above risks are or can be abated to a certain degree, due to naturally occurring factors or human-made mitigation. A summary of abated risks for the source water assessment area is provided in Table 8-6.

4 “Magnitude” is a measure of the absolute energy released by a seismic event and does not vary with distance from the source or epicentre; “intensity” is a measure of the effect at a particular place and does change with distance from the epicentre. Magnitude in western Canada is measured on the Richter scale and Intensity on the Mercalli scale.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 8-29 TABLE 8-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF ABATED RISKS TO DRINKING WATER IDENTIFIED IN THE SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT AREA, HASLAM LAKE WATERSHED. Hazard Drinking Water Likelihood Consequence Risk Assumptions/Comments No. Hazard Level Level Level Cranberry Landfill Unlikely Insignificant Low Assumes that existing (closed) decommissioning is effective and any residual contaminants in drainage are diluted in the lake water upstream of intake. Public road Rare Moderate Moderate Assumes existing road is not relocated. If public traffic is relocated away from the lakeshore, the abated risk level would become negligible. Shoreline erosion Likely Insignificant Moderate Assumes shoreline is not armoured. to Minor Effect can be addressed in part by Treatment barrier. The significance of this hazard needs to be confirmed. New logging Unlikely Insignificant Low Assumes standard Best Management Practices are employed. Vandalism at Rare Major High Assumes no additional security intake measures are implemented. Vandalism at outlet Rare Moderate Moderate Assumes no additional security weir measures are implemented. Forest fire Unlikely Moderate to Moderate Takes into account natural Major mitigation (sedimentation & dilution) in lake before reaching point of diversion; likelihood linked to climate change in the short term. Forest pest Unlikely Minor to Low likelihood linked to climate change outbreak Moderate in the short term. Severe earthquake Rare Major to High Focus is on intake structure. Catastrophic Assumes earthquake magnitude >8 on the Richter scale and intensity >VII on the Mercalli scale. Climate change Unlikely Insignificant Low Assumes that this is a gradual (short term) (short term) (short term) phenomenon, the effects of which Possible will not manifest significantly (longer term) within 10 years.

The following risk management actions are recommended to improve the safety and sustainability of the water source. They are listed in order of priority.

1. Relocate the public road away from the lake near the point of diversion. This action will abate the existing risk of contamination from vehicular traffic and will eliminate the potentially increased risk due to planned additional logging traffic in the future. The alternative route is already selected and the planning process well underway. The suggested timeline for implementation is within one to two years, as practical.

2. Increase the level of security at the water intake. This action will abate the risk of damage to the structure and/or contamination of the diverted water due to acts of vandalism or terrorism. Specific measures that are recommended are to:

a. Install secure (e.g. chain-link) fencing and around the compound through which the intake and chlorination facility are accessed from land, including a locked gate; b. Review options to improve security around the intake support pier to prevent unauthorized access onto this pier from the water; (such as additional floating barriers with fencing extending above and below the water level); and c. Install and maintain additional appropriate signage that is visible from the upland and lake side; the signage should be similar to that currently installed at the gate to the intake pier (Photo 8-1).

The suggested timeline for implementation is within one year, as practical.

3. Complete a seismic assessment of the intake structure and outlet weir, and implement any necessary up-grading. This action will abate the risk of damage to either structure in the event of a severe earthquake, thus protecting both the quality and

4. Evaluate the significance of shoreline erosion (by wave action during high water levels in winter) as a contributor to impaired quality of raw water at the POD and increased treatment needs. If the assessment concludes that additional control measures are necessary, undertake an analysis of alternative approaches including but not limited to armouring with rock, bioengineering approaches such as vegetative plantings along the shore, installation of floating wave-attenuation structures at key locations, and/or other measures. The suggested timeline for implementation of the initial assessment of significance is three months, for the review of alternatives is within one year; and for implementation of the selected solution, if warranted, is one to three years.

5. Continue monitoring of raw water quality. This action will continue to provide the necessary information to make informed management decisions. The suggested timeline for implementation is at least twice per year.

6. Continue monitoring of precipitation and hydrology in the watershed. This action will continue to provide the necessary information to make informed management decisions. The suggested timeline for implementation is ongoing.

7. Continue monitoring of the implementation and efficacy of mitigation measures (best management practices or BMPs) associated with logging activity in the watershed, in relation to the guidelines incorporated in the IWMP and the performance required under the Forest Practices Code. The suggested timeline for implementation is ongoing, as appropriate.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX A

FACILITY ASSESSMENT FORMS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION ASSESSMENT STANDARDS

1Condition Grade 4Repair Type 1: Good 1: Health & Safety 2: Fair 2: Restore Utility 3: Poor 3: Arrest deterioration 4: Not in service 4: Conform to Code

2Confidence Index 5Urgency 1: Inspected and well documented 1: Immediate 2: Inspected and partly documented 2: 12 - 18 months 3: Partly inspected and partly documented 3: 18 - 36 months 4: Not inspected and well documented 4: 36 - 60 months 5: Not inspected and partly documented. 5: > 60 months

3Repair Category 6Cost Estimate If Urgency rating is 1 to 4 1: None Required Preliminary estimate indicating the 2: Minor Repair approximate magnitude of the proposed 3: Major Repair repair or replacement maybe derived 4: Replacement from lump sum or unit costs for a similar project. To be used for developing long term capital plans and for preliminary discussion of proposed capital projects.

S:\200\213 - Powell River\213-20\[Appendix A Condition Assessment Nov29-05.xls]Wildwood Reservoir

POWELL LAKE BOOSTER STATION DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 26/2005 POWELL LAKE CITY OF POWELL RIVER

Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo g DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT BOOSTER STATION f Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 radin pg Year o

Approved by: Urgency 5 U Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 Component Make / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Not available 1988 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Painted brick 1988 2 2 1

Roof Corrugated steel 1988 2 2 1

Interior Gypsum 1988 2 2 1 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 1988 2 3 1

Inlet Steel pipe 1988 3 2 1

Outlet Steel pipe Hydraulic Hydraulic Structures Foundation & Function Civil Overall: 2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $0 Serial Impeller Capacity Capacity Power Power Speed Running Pump Units Voltage Vibration # # (m3/s) (USGPM) (HP) (Hp) (RPM) Hours ITT 6 X 4 X 237640- P1 (Fire pump) 11.6 600/3 0.05 800 29 40 1770 Not running 1997 1 2 1 12 XL 01-01 P2 (Day Peerless 6 600/3 0 7 10 3460 Acceptable 2003 1 2 1 pump) 85L130199 P3 (Night Peerless Pump Units Pump Mechanical 6 600/3 0 4 5 3480 Not running 2003 1 2 1 pump) 85L130198 Total: 0.05 800 40 55Mechanical Overall: 1.0 2.0 Subtotal: $0 Service MCB 600V/?A Burn mark on Main Breaker panel 1988 2 2 1 Entrance MCC N/A

Starter P1 Wesinghouse 4-Plex Wall Mount starters 1988 2 2 1

Starter P2 Wesinghouse 4-Plex Wall Mount starters 1988 2 2 1

Power Distribution Starter P3 Wesinghouse 4-Plex Wall Mount starters 1998 2 2 1 Controller AMF Paragon Timer Model 7008-00 Controlling pump P2 and P3 221 Data Operation Interface Level Control Used to monitor reservoir level only Milltronics Multiranger Plus 251 System (not for control)

Electrical SCADA Scadapack + Model 5502 + Model 5901 UPS powered 1

Radio N/A Chlorine US Filter Depolox 3 plus 121 Analyzer Chlorine Wallace & Tiernan Series 55-350 121 Cylinder Scale Chlorine

Instrumentation & Controls Wallace & Tiernan V10 package 121 Injection Gas Sensor Model BM05415 231

Electrical Overall: 2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $0

Booster Station Overall: 1.7 2.0P.S. Totals: $0

HASLAM LAKE DRINKING WATER PROTECTION CHLORINATION STATION ACT IMPLEMENTION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 26/2005 HASLAM LAKE CITY OF POWELL RIVER

Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT g CHLORINATION Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION STATION CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 radin pg Year of Year Approved by: Urgency 5 U Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Confidence Index Confidence Commissioning / 3 1 Component Make / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1961 Dwgs? Small Genset installed on the roof, no

Layout Safety permanent access ladder Exterior Painted brick 1961 2 2 1

Roof Corrugated steel 1961 2 2 1

Interior Gypsum 1961 2 2 1

Superstructure Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 1961 2 3 1

Inlet Steel pipe 1961 2 4 1

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Function Civil Overall: 2.0 3.0 Subtotal: $0 Hydraulic Structures Capacity Capacity Power Power Speed Running Pump Units Serial # Impeller # Voltage Vibration (m3/s) (USGPM) (HP) (Hp) (RPM) Hours Gould No vibration test P1 600/3 0 0.55 1 2 4 1 submersible due to chlorine submersible P2 600/3 0 0.55 1 2 4 1 booster pump pump type Pump Units Mechanical Civil Total: 0.00 0 1 2Mechanical Overall: 2.0 4.0 Subtotal: $0 Service Emergency power from propane driven 120/240V/1Ph, 200A panelboard 231 Entrance Genset (Cap 15kW?) Simson Maxwell Automatic transfer switch MCC N/A 2200-A 200A Starter P1 Gould pump control box 231

Starter P2 Gould pump control box 231

Power Distribution Power Phase Convert 240 single phase power to three Phasemaster MAO-184T-100 221 Converter phase power for Crane Controller Data N/A 221 Operation Honeywell Recorder Multitrend Plus V5 Interface Level Control N/A System

Electrical SCADA Scadapack + Model 5502 + Model 5901 UPS powered 1

Radio N/A Chlorine US Filter Micro/2000 Analyzer 121 Analyzer Chlorine Wallace & Tiernan Series 55-350 121 Cylinder Scale Chlorine Instrumentation & Controls Wallace & Tiernan V10 package One standby and one on duty 121 Injection Gas Sensor Available 131

Electrical Overall: 2.0 2.5 Subtotal: $0

Chlorination Station Overall: 2.0 3.2P.S. Totals: $0

PRV STATION #1 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ASPEN AND LOMBARDY ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 26/2005 ASPEN AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT LOMBARDY Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 1 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Not available Yes 1989 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete Site cleaning recommended 22211 $300

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Foundation Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $300

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main #1 Cla-Val 150 690-01 122 No surge pilot 1989 2 2 1 $1,500

Bypass #1 Cla-Val 80 690-01 122 2 2 1

Relief #1 Cla-Val 80 50A-01 122 Inlet gate valve rusty, remove and then recoat 22232 $500

PRV Main #2 Cla-Val 150 690-01 122 No surge pilot 2 2 1 $1,500 Mechanical A18- Bypass #2 Roll Seal 100 122 2 2 1 8SSBE Inlet gate valve rusty, remove and then then Relief #2 Cla-Val 80 50A-01 122 22232 $500 recoat

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $4,000

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $4,300

PRV STATION #2 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION CRANBERRY STREET ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 CRANBERRY STREET CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 2 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1992 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi) 90G- Main Cla-Val 200 95 37 No surge pilot 1992 2 2 1 1,500 01AB 90G- Bypass Cla-Val 100 95 No surge pilot 1992 2 2 1 01AB

PRV Relief Cla-Val 80 50A-01 37 1992 2 2 1 Mechanical rusty pipe support

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,500

PRV STATION #3 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION TIMBERLANE AVENUE ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 TIMBERLANE AVE CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 3 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1992 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Foundation Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi) 90G- Main Cla-Val 200 90 35 No surge pilot 1992 2 2 1 1,500 01AB 90G- Bypass Cla-Val 100 90 Rusty valve cover, no surge pilot 1992 2 2 1

PRV 01AB

Mechanical Relief Cla-Val 80 50A-01 35 1992 2 2 1

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,500

PRV STATION #4 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION MOWAT AND CRANBERRY ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 MOWAT AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT CRANBERRY Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Year Urgency PRV# 4 5 Upgrading Repair Type Repair 4 Repair Category Repair Condition Grade Commissioning / Confidence Index 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1990 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & & Foundation

Hydraulic Structures Function Civil Overall:2.0 3.0 Subtotal: $0 Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi) 690- Main Cla-Val 150 100 54 No surge pilot 1990 2 2 1 1,500 01AB 690- Bypass Cla-Val 80 100 64 Rusty valve cover 1990 2 2 1 01ABS 50A- Relief Cla-Val 80 50 74 1990 2 2 1

PRV 01B Pipe and valve in very rusty condition Mechanical Valve&Piping 41331 9,000 (sandblast and recoat) PRV chamber was flooded at time of inspection, sump drain valve was not working Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,500

PRV STATION #5 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ONTARIO AND HYDRO RIGHT-OF-WAY ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 ONTARIO AND HYDRO CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT RIGHT-OF-WAY Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 5 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1996 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Clean up around chamber area needed - Roof Reinforced concrete 12211 200 aesthetic Yellow rust mark from half precast concrete Interior Reinforced concrete 121 down due to seepage Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete precast chamber 1 3 1

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $200

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 200 102 40 No surge pilot 1996 2 2 1 1,500

Bypass Cla-Val 50 102 49 1996 2 2 1

PRV Relief Cla-Val 100 50 1996 2 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping 221

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,700

PRV STATION #6 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ALBERNI AND FERNWOOD ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 ALBERNI AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT FERNWOOD Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 6 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1992 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi) 690-01- Main Cla-Val 200 109 Valve top cover very rusty, no surge pilot 1992 3 2 2 1,500 55B 690G- Bypass Cla-Val 100 109 Valve top cover very rusty, no surge pilot 1992 3 2 2 01ABS

PRV 50G- Relief Cla-Val 80 51 1992 2 2 1 01B Mechanical Valve&Piping Pipe and valve in very rusty condition 42331 9,000

Mechanical Overall:3.0 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.5 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,500

PRV STATION #7 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION JOYCE AND BURNABY ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 JOYCE AND BURNABY CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV #7 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1988 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete precast chamber 2 3 1

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 150 90G-01 102 Valve rusty, valve fitting leaked, no surge pilot 1988 3 2 2 1,500

Bypass Cla-Val 80 90G-01 102 Valve rusty, valve fitting leaked 1988 3 2 2

PRV Relief Cla-Val 65 50G-01 53 Valve replaced in 2002 2002 1 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping Pipe and valve in rusty condtion 42331 9,000

Mechanical Overall:3.0 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.5 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,500

PRV STATION #8 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION JOYCE AND COMPLEX ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 JOYCE AND COMPLEX CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION PRV# 8 Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1976 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 321

Roof Reinforced concrete 321

Interior Reinforced concrete Cleaning recommended 32211 200 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 331

Inlet Steel pipe 341

Outlet Steel pipe 341 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 3.0 3.0 $200

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi) 90G- Main Cla-Val 200 120 Valve rusty, no surge pilot 1982 3 2 2 1,500 BY 90G- Bypass Cla-Val 100 120 Valve rusty, no surge pilot 1982 3 2 2 BY

PRV Relief Cla-Val 80 50G-01 62 1982 1 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping Pipe and valve in very rusty condition 42331 9,000

Mechanical Overall:3.0 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 3.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,700

PRV STATION #9 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION COMPLEX ROAD RIGHT-OF-WAY ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 COMPLEX ROAD CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT RIGHT-OF-WAY Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 9 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1988 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 150 90G-01 120 Valve rusty, no surge pilot 1988 2 2 2

Bypass Cla-Val 32 90G-01 120 Valve rusty, no surge pilot 1988 2 2 2

PRV Relief Cla-Val 65 50G-01 64 1988 2 2 1

Mechanical Some pipe and valve in rusty condition. Main Valve&Piping inlet 6" butterfly valve stuck open (valve can not 32334 9,000 be closed)

Mechanical Overall:3.0 2.0 Subtotal: $9,000

PRV Station Overall: 2.5 2.5P.S. Totals: $9,000

PRV STATION #10 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION HARVIE AND ANN ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 HARVIE AND ANN CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 10 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1996 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Roof Reinforced concrete 121

Interior Reinforced concrete 121 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete precast chamber 1 3 1

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Roll Seal 150 113 No surge pilot 1996 1 2 1 1,500

Bypass Roll Seal 80 113 63 1996 1 2 1

PRV Relief Roll Seal 80 63 72 1996 1 2 1 Mechanical Air release valve vents need 180° return to avoid Valve&Piping 12221 250 dirt entering the outlet vent.

Mechanical Overall:1.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,750

PRV Station Overall: 1.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,750

PRV STATION #11 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ALBERNI AND PLAZA ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 ALBERNI AND PLAZA CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 11 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1997 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Roof Reinforced concrete 121

Interior Reinforced concrete 121 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete precast chamber 1 3 1

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Roll Seal 200 113 No surge pilot 1997 1 2 1 1,500

Bypass Roll Seal 50 113 63 1997 1 2 1

PRV Relief Roll Seal 100 63 72 1997 1 2 1 Mechanical Air release valve vents need 180° return to avoid Valve&Piping 12221 250 dirt entering the outlet vent

Mechanical Overall: 1.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,750

Pump Station Overall: 1.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,750

PRV STATION #12 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION MARINE AND ALBERNI ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 MARINE AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT ALBERNI Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 12 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1985 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Foundation Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 150 108 80 No surge pilot 1985 3 2 1 1,500

Bypass N/A Manual bypass valve only 1985 3 2 1

PRV Relief N/A 1985 3 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve rusty 3 2

Mechanical Overall:3.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

Light fixture was installed inside the valve 1985 32241 250 chamber with exposed fitting/junction box connection Electrical

Power Distribution Electrical Overall:3.0 2.0 Subtotal: $250

PRV Station Overall: 2.7 2.3P.S. Totals: $1,750

PRV STATION #13 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION DUNCAN AND WORKSYARD ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 DUNCAN AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT WORKSYARD Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Urgency PRV# 13 5 Repair Type / Upgrading 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Confidence Index 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Year of Commissioning Conform to 1993 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 221 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation &

Hydraulic Structures Function Civil Overall:2.0 3.0 Subtotal: $0

Size Inlet Outlet PRV Model# (mm) (psi) (psi) 690- Main Cla-Val 150 129 No surge pilot 1993 2 2 1 1,500 01AB 690- Bypass Cla-Val 80 129 1993 2 2 1 01AB

PRV Relief valve was found operating continuously, Relief Cla-Val 80 50A-01 58 1993 2 2 1 due to faulty PRV in Penticton at Manson. Mechanical

Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve rusty. 2 2

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,500

PRV STATION #14 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION KEMANO AND ONTARIO ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 KEMANO AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT ONTARIO Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV#14 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1989 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete Exposed rebar has become rusty 22231 500 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $500

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 150 690-01 115 1989 2 2 1

Bypass Cla-Val 80 690-01 115 46 1989 2 2 1

PRV Relief Cla-Val 80 50A-01 46 1989 2 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve very rusty 22332 9,000

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $9,000

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $9,500

PRV STATION #15 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION WESTVIEW AND ALGERINE ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 WESTVIEW AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT ALGERINE Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Urgency PRV#15 5 Repair Type / Upgrading 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Confidence Index 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Year of Commissioning Conform to Yes 1988 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 222 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation &

Hydraulic Structures Function Civil Overall:2.0 3.0 Subtotal: $0

Size Inlet Outlet PRV Model# (mm) (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 150 690-01 120 47 Piloting valve fitting leaking, no surge pilot 1988 2 2 1 1,500

Bypass Cla-Val 80 690-01 120 1988 2 2 1

PRV Relief Cla-Val 80 50A-01 47 Gate valve packing seal leaking 1988 2 2 1 Mechanical

Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve very rusty 2 2332 9,000

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,500

PRV STATION #16 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION PENTICTON AND MANSON ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 27/2005 PENTICTON AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT MANSON Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV#16 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1995 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Roof Reinforced concrete 121

Interior Reinforced concrete 122 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 131

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Roll Seal 250 110 No surge pilot 1995 1 2 1 1,500 Valve was not working properly causing Duncan Bypass Roll Seal 100 110 1995 1 2 2 500 and Worksyard relief valve to keep blowing, no

PRV surge pilot - review cause Relief Roll Seal 100 40 1995 1 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping 121

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $2,000

PRV Station Overall: 1.5 2.5P.S. Totals: $2,000

PRV STATION #17 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION DUNCAN AND JOYCE ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 28/2005 DUNCAN AND JOYCE CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV#17 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1996 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Roof Reinforced concrete 121

Interior Reinforced concrete 122 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 131

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Roll Seal 150 90 No surge pilot 1996 1 2 1 1,500

Bypass Roll Seal 80 90 66 1996 1 2 1

PRV Relief Roll Seal 80 66 1996 1 2 1 Mechanical Air release valve vents need 180° return tube to Valve&Piping 12221 500 avoid dirt entering the outlet vent.

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $2,000

PRV Station Overall: 1.5 2.5P.S. Totals: $2,000

PRV STATION #18 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION WESTVIEW AND SCOTIA ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 28/2005 WESTVIEW AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT SCOTIA Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV#18 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1988 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 222 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 100 90G-01 90 62 No surge pilot 1988 2 2 1 1,500

Bypass Cla-Val 50 90G-01 90 66 1988 2 2 1

PRV Relief Cla-Val 65 50A-01 66 1988 2 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve very rusty 32332 9,000

Mechanical Overall:2.0 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,500

PRV STATION #19 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION NOOTKA AND GORDON LANE ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 28/2005 NOOTKA AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT GORDON LANE Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 19 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1990 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 222 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi) 690- Main Cla-Val 150 95 No surge pilot 1990 2 2 1 1,500 01AB 690- Bypass Cla-Val 80 95 1990 2 2 1 01AB

PRV 50A- Relief Cla-Val 80 78 1990 2 2 1 01BH Mechanical Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve rusty 32332 9,000

Mechanical Overall:2.5 2.0 Subtotal: $10,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.3 2.5P.S. Totals: $10,500

PRV STATION #20 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION JOYCE AND THUNDERBAY ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 28/2005 JOYCE AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT THUNDERBAY Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 20 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to Yes 1989 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 221

Roof Reinforced concrete 221

Interior Reinforced concrete 222 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 231

Inlet Steel pipe 241

Outlet Steel pipe 241 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 150 690-01 84 No surge pilot 1989 2 2 2 1,500

Bypass Cla-Val 80 690-01 84 54 Drawing indicated bypass valve with 4" 1989 2 2 2

PRV Relief Cla-Val 80 50A-01 54 1989 2 2 1 Mechanical Valve&Piping Some part of pipe and valve rusty 3 2 2

Mechanical Overall:2.5 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

PRV Station Overall: 2.3 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,500

PRV STATION #21 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION THUNDERBAY AND CARIBOO ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 28/2005 THUNDERBAY AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT CARIBOO Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 21 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 6Repair Cost Estimate (2005) $ Conform to 1998 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Roof Reinforced concrete 121

Interior Reinforced concrete 122 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 131

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 3.0 $0

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Roll Seal 200 110 No surge pilot 1998 1 2 1 1,500

Bypass Roll Seal 50 110 1998 1 2 1

PRV Relief Roll Seal 100 49 1998 1 2 1 Mechanical Air release valve vents need 180° return to avoid Valve&Piping 12221 dirt entering the outlet vent

Mechanical Overall:1.0 2.0 Subtotal: $1,500

PRV Station Overall: 1.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,500

PRV STATION #22 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION PENTICTON AND JOYCE ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Sept. 28/2005 PENTICTON AND CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Tjandra Tjondrotekodjojo DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT JOYCE Accompanied by: Doug Coe IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency PRV# 22 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 $ Conform to Yes 1990 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior Reinforced concrete 121

Roof Reinforced concrete 121

Interior Reinforced concrete Exposed rebar 12231 500 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation Reinforced concrete 131

Inlet Steel pipe 141

Outlet Steel pipe 141 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 3.0 $500

Size Model Inlet Outlet PRV (mm) # (psi) (psi)

Main Cla-Val 200 110 1990 1 2 1

Bypass Cla-Val 50 110 1990 1 2 1

PRV Relief Cla-Val 100 49 1990 1 2 1 Mechanical Air release valve vents need 180° return tube to Valve&Piping 122 500 avoid dirt entering the outlet vent

Mechanical Overall:1.0 2.0 Subtotal: $500

PRV Station Overall: 1.0 2.5P.S. Totals: $1,000

HASLAM LAKE / LANG CREEK WEIR DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Aug. 18 /2005 HASLAM LAKE WEIR CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Claire Bayless DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT Accompanied by: Barry Jantz IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 $ Conform to Platform disassembled and removed offsite 2001 Dwgs?

Layout Safety

Exterior 1 2 1 Re-assess in 5 years

Roof

Interior Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation 121

Inlet 121

Outlet 121 Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 1.0 2.0 $0

Weir Overall: 1.0 2.0Totals: $0

S:\200\213 - Powell River\213-20\[Appendix A Condition Assessment Nov29-05.xls]Wildwood Reservoir

WILDWOOD WATER STORAGE TANK DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION 2005 Inspection date: Aug. 18 /2005 WILDWOOD CITY OF POWELL RIVER Inspected by: Claire Bayless DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT RESERVOIR Accompanied by: Tom Hoehn IMPLEMENTATION Approved by: CONDITION ASSESSMENT 2005 Year of Urgency 5 Upgrading Repair Type 4 Repair Category Condition Grade Condition Commissioning / Commissioning Confidence Index Confidence 3 1 ComponentMake / Model / Material Comments 2 $ Conform to 1966 n/a Dwgs? (approx)

Layout Safety Recommend seismic assessment 20,000

Exterior Welded Steel Tank 2 2 1

Roof did not access 5

Interior did not access 5 Superstructure Civil Other

Foundation voids observed on one side 32231

Inlet

Outlet Foundation & Civil Overall: Subtotal: Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic Function 2.5 3.5 $20,000

Reservoir Overall: 2.5 3.5 Totals: $20,000

S:\200\213 - Powell River\213-20\[Appendix A Condition Assessment Nov29-05.xls]Wildwood Reservoir

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX B

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE – BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BCWWA)

• Distribution System Cleaning/Unidirectional Flushing • Cross Connection Control • Turbidity Monitoring and Reporting • Chlorine Disinfection and Monitoring

Best Management Practices

Distribution System Cleaning/ Uni-directional Flushing

Developed by

BCWWA for

Ministry of Health Services

October, 2004 Best Management Practices

Distribution System Cleaning/Uni-directional Flushing

Your water distribution system—whether large or small— requires regular cleaning to guarantee your customers Information Links have safe, aesthetically pleasing water. It’s important, therefore, to understand water quality degradation and to Water Quality in Distribution Systems: A Best develop appropriate response strategies. Practice by the National Guide to Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure (PDF File) What is water distribution system cleaning?

As explained in Water Quality in Distribution municipalities with significant water quality problems) Systems: A Best Practice by the National Guide to should use a GIS system to track complaints and Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure, distribution analyze monitoring data. system cleaning is “any program, technology, process, “Computer models can be used to simulate the operating method or management practice that reduces water age and disinfectant residuals throughout a or prevents water quality degradation in a water distribution system. This information can then be system or receiving environment.” These include used to identify the areas that require more frequent flushing, swabbing, and pigging to remove biofilms, flushing. Computer models can also be used to identify sediment, and corrosion by-products from water main flushing sequences (based on the uni-directional interiors, which generally improves water quality and flushing method) and the expected flushing velocity hydraulic capacity. for each section of the water main.” Pipes should be flushed spring and/or fall to maintain water quality, maximize hydraulic capacity, and remove stagnant water at dead ends, and in Why should BMPs be applied response to non-compliant samples or customer to distribution system cleaning/ complaints. The guide recommends uni-directional flushing, which isolates pipe sections or loops in an uni-directional flushing? organized, sequential manner, typically from source to periphery. Flow velocities should reach 1.5 to 2.0 A distribution system cleaning program that reflects BMPs: m/s. While more costly and time consuming than § increases protection of potable water supply; conventional flushing, uni-directional flushing is more § reduces risk to public health; effective and uses less water. § improves aesthetics of water; In some cases (e.g. in mains larger than 300mm), § ensures compliance with operating permits; it may be impossible to achieve the flow velocities § reduces disinfection demand; required to adequately scour the pipes. Swabbing § improves hydraulic capacity; with soft foam swabs or pigging with wire brushes, § improves chlorine residuals; scrapers or rigid plastic pigs can then be used to § reduces sedimentation/turbidity; clean mains. Although pigging is more effective § reduces re-growth/biofilm; than flushing or swabbing, it requires considerable § improves hydrant efficiency; and expertise, materials, and time. § reduces operational costs. As stated in the guide, “Water quality complaints should be monitored geographically. All municipalities A distribution system cleaning program that should use some type of data management system to reflects BMPS also helps build consistency track these water quality complaints to optimize their throughout the province. flushing program. Larger municipalities (and smaller

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CLEANING/UNI-DIRECTIONAL FLUSHING 1 What BMPs should be applied to small systems?

Small water systems (e.g. those servicing a trailer park or subdivision) can implement a distribution system- cleaning program that includes the following steps:

Uni-directional Flushing 1. Research other successful uni-directional flushing (UDF) If you need help… programs implemented by other small systems. Small Systems 2. Monitor water distribution system quality regularly (e.g. chlorine residuals, turbidity, total coliforms). § Coastal Water 3. Review existing system for location of flush-out locations Suppliers Association and install new ones where necessary. Pauline Berkman 4. Review drainage and dechlorination requirements (e.g. 250-338-7796 dechlorinate all waters that may enter a water course). [email protected] 5. Develop a UDF program that includes hydrant maintenance and valve exercising (prepare maps, record forms, § Small Water emergency responses, etc.). Users Association 6. Obtain (purchase, rent, or borrow) the necessary equipment Denny Ross-Smith (e.g. flow gauge, energy dissipater, turbidity meter). 250-229-2262 7. Notify customers in advance of possible impacts, duration, etc. [email protected] 8. Notify fire department (if applicable) of reduction in fire flow. § 9. Begin UDF program by cleaning your reservoir (if applicable). Water Supply 10. Conduct UDF program every six months to three years Association of BC unless otherwise advised by your Drinking Water Officer Bruce Wilson (for seasonal systems conduct at the start of each season). 250-765-5218 11. Conduct post-flushing water quality monitoring. [email protected] 12. Document results and update records and procedures.

Spot Flushing 1. Spot flush water system at all dead ends and other locations in response to low chlorine residuals, failed bacteriological tests, or customer complaints

Swabbing/Pigging 1. If you have pipes that cannot be cleaned by UDF, contact a qualified professional to review the risks, benefits, and costs of swabbing or pigging What BMPs should be applied to larger systems?

1. Conduct Initial Research § Identify manpower/training requirements § Consult with Drinking Water Officer (DWO) and resources § Consult with federal Department of Fisheries § Identify equipment needs and Oceans and provincial Ministry of Water, § Outline a systematic approach (e.g. uni- Land and Air Protection regarding discharges directional flushing with spot flushing for § Research materials from AWWA, BCWWA, water quality incidents) and CSA § Prepare budget § Research successful distribution cleaning § Set schedule according to local conditions programs in other communities § Prepare business plan § Conduct benefit analysis of various options § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) (uni-directional flushing vs. pigging) 3. Garner Support and Funding 2. Build Program Framework § Present business plan to senior staff and § Identify objectives and targets council or board (include regulatory

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CLEANING/UNI-DIRECTIONAL FLUSHING 2 requirements/recommendations, recommended approach, and funding requirements) § Provide frequent updates (ongoing) If you need help… Large Systems 4. Develop Technical Plan § Fernando King § Consider regulatory requirements (e.g. health authority, City of Surrey DFO, MWLAP, local jurisdictions) 604-590-7224 § Communicate with regulatory agencies [email protected] § Develop approach (e.g. by area or total system) § Determine sequence (e.g. reservoir, pump stations, wet § Doug MacQuarrie wells, water mains) Greater Vancouver Regional District § Identify potential challenges (e.g. specific locations, pipe types) 604-451-6616 § Utilize available tools to help develop plan (e.g. [email protected] computer model) § Develop policies and procedures (e.g. flow and § Don Miller velocity, sequence) Fraser Health § Set timeline 604-572-2600 [email protected] 5. Develop Water Discharge Plan § Incorporate regulatory requirements § Len Stein City of Abbotsford 6. Create Communications Plan and Materials 604-853-5485 § Identify internal and external audiences’ specific [email protected] communication needs § Grant Tesar § Prepare a written plan, including emergency response City of Burnaby procedures 604-294-7474 § Educate all appropriate staff about uni-directional [email protected] flushing, spot flushing, and pigging/swabbing § Prepare staff for incoming calls during flushing (e.g. § Adrian Weaden increased turbidity) City of Kelowna § Access/prepare information and education materials for 250-862-5510 (244) external audiences, if appropriate [email protected] § Educate external audiences, if appropriate § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) § Jan van Niekerk Capital Regional District 7. Implement Program 250-474-9611 § Notify all personnel involved and conduct field orientation [email protected] § Communicate program to customers (e.g. mailout, website, newspaper, signs) § Conduct pre-flushing tests (e.g. pressure, pH, turbidity) § Increase disinfection concentrations before and during flushing § Coordinate demand and uni-directional flushing § Coordinate schedule with fire department § Undertake cleaning (e.g. reservoir, pump stations, wet wells, water mains) § Conduct post-flushing testing

8. Record and Report Flushing Data § Prepare field records (e.g. dates, times) § Update as constructed (e.g. drawings) § Report maintenance issues § Prepare annual trends that demonstrate health of system § Forward general info to health authority (e.g. system with data), upon request § Evaluate and update procedures

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CLEANING/UNI-DIRECTIONAL FLUSHING 3 Recommended Reading…

Unidirectional Flushing VHS or DVD Internal Corrosion of Water Edition, 2002 Distribution Systems American Water Works Association American Water Works Association No. 90508 (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org

Investigation of Pipe Cleaning Methods Establishing Site-Specific Flushing Velocities American Water Works Association No. 90938 AWWA Research Foundation No. 90964F (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CLEANING/UNI-DIRECTIONAL FLUSHING 4

Best Management Practices

Cross-Connection Control

Developed by

BCWWA for

Ministry of Health Services

October, 2004 Best Management Practices

Cross-Connection Control

Your water system—whether large or small—could be negatively impacted by cross-connections. It’s important, therefore, to understand cross-connections and to develop an appropriate cross-connection Information Links control program. CCC Background Information CCC Educational Brochure What are cross-connections? AWWA Educational Brochure Water systems are designed so that water flows in a designated Household Hazards Brochure direction through the distribution system to the consumer. However, when certain hydraulic conditions occur in an unprotected system, Irrigation Hazards Brochure water flow changes direction. This occurrence is called backflow. Thermal Expansion Brochure Any potential or actual connection between a potable (drinking) water Fire Sprinkler Hazards Brochure system and any source of pollution or contamination resulting from the backflow is considered a cross-connection. Council Presentation Two types of backflow occur in plumbing and water distribution Coordinator Job Description 1 systems. The first is call “backsiphonage,” which occurs when pressure in the distribution system drops, thereby siphoning water from the Coordinator Job Description 2 distribution system within a building into the distribution system of the Job Interview Questions supplier. The second type of backflow is called “backpressure.” This kind of backflow occurs when a building’s distribution system pressure exceeds Regulation Bylaw 1 that of the supplier, thus water is pumped into the supplier’s system. Regulation Bylaw 2 Cross-connection control occurs when potable water systems are protected from backflow contamination under all foreseeable circumstances. Regulation Bylaw 4 A cross-connection control program includes administrative and Regulation Bylaw 5 (Chilliwack) technical procedures implemented by a water supplier to protect the potable water system from contamination via cross-connections. A cross- Regulation Bylaw 6 connection control program may be required as part of the operating Ticketing Bylaw 1 permit you receive from your local health authority. Ticketing Bylaw 2 Why should BMPs be applied to Lawn Sprinkling Permit cross-connection control? Hydrant Use Permit (Sample 1) Hydrant Use Permit (Sample 2) BMPs, as they relate to cross-connection control, can be defined as any Hydrant Use Permit (Sample 3) program, technology, process, operating method or management practice that ensures the prevention of cross-connection control or backflow. A Hydrant Refund Permit cross-connection control program that reflects BMPs: Device Test Report 1 § protects your potable water supply; § reduces risk of waterborne illness; Device Test Report 3 § ensures compliance with operating permits; Device Test Report 4 § reduces risk and liability to water supplier; Device Test Report 5 § reduces number of water quality complaints; § increases public confidence; and Device Test Report 6 § increases awareness about cross-connection control. Backflow Incident Report Form A cross-connection control program that reflects BMPs also helps build Data Management System consistency throughout the province.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL 1 What BMPs should be applied to small water systems?

Small water systems (e.g. those servicing a trailer park or subdivision) can implement a cross-connection control program that includes the following steps: If you need help… 1) Contact the Drinking Water Officer to review program scope Small Systems and potential requirements. § 2) Research successful cross-connection control programs Coastal Water implemented by other small systems. Suppliers Association 3) Prepare a list of all customers serviced by your water system. Pauline Berkman 4) Categorize customers by usage (e.g. residential, agricultural, 250-338-7796 commercial). [email protected] 5) Review potential cross-connections for each category. § Small Water 6) Visit each site. 7) Prepare a written outline of the program. Users Association 8) Develop a service agreement to allow enforcement of Denny Ross-Smith the program. 250-229-2262 9) Identify potential or existing cross-connections and advise [email protected] the customer. § Water Supply 10) Have customer contact a plumber certified in backflow prevention to install and test the appropriate backflow preventer. Association of BC 11) Receive and file the contractor’s test report for the device. Bruce Wilson 12) Test the device each year and record results. 250-765-5218 13) Educate customers about cross-connections and your cross- [email protected] connection control program. What BMPs should be applied to larger systems?

1. Conduct Initial Research approach, and funding requirements) § Research successful CCC programs in other § Provide frequent updates communities § Review benefits of a CCC program for your 4. Develop Bylaw & Enforcement Strategies system § Determine penalties § Contact the Drinking Water Officer to § Establish definitions determine regulatory requirements § Ascertain right of entry § Identify internal participants and their roles § Define scope of bylaw § Identify external customers and associated risks § Perform legal review § Explore partnering opportunities § Establish reference supporting documents § Develop tester requirements 2. Build Program Framework § Evaluate and refine bylaw (ongoing) § Establish objectives and targets § Identify manpower requirements and resources 5. Identify Manpower Requirements & Resources § Identify equipment needs § Determine fit in organization § Develop budget § Explore staff and/or contracting options § Set schedule § Determine transportation requirements § Prepare business plan § Establish qualifications § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) § Define job description § Elicit support of bylaw enforcement authorities 3. Garner Support & Funding § Develop approved and appropriate tools § Present business plan to senior staff and § Provide appropriate training council (include regulatory requirements, § Evaluate and refine manpower requirements, liability considerations, recommended budgets, etc. (ongoing)

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL 2 6. Develop Policies & Procedures § Develop administrative policies and procedures (e.g. response protocols and deadlines, test reporting deadlines) If you need help… § Evaluate and refine policies and procedures (ongoing) Large Systems 7. Create Communication Plan & Materials § § Identify internal and external audiences’ specific City of Burnaby communication needs Alex Cary § Prepare a written plan, including emergency response procedures 604-294-7542 § Educate all appropriate staff about cross-connection control [email protected] (e.g. inspectors, bylaw enforcement officers, customer § City of Chilliwack service representatives) Brendon Kurtz § Access/prepare information and education materials for external audiences (e.g. notification letters and brochures for 604-793-2846 customers, news releases for media) [email protected] § Educate external audiences (including the media) about CCC § City of Coquitlam program and requirements Doug Dolan § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) 604-927-3455 8. Develop Data Management System [email protected] § Research software options § District of Invermere § Identify important data to track Brian Nickurak § Select appropriate software 250-342-9281 (227) § Develop test report format [email protected] § Evaluate and refine system (ongoing) § City of Kelowna 9. Access Certified Testers Registry Cam Moody § See testers registry (BCWWA) 250-862-5510 (242) § Research and address tester liability (insurance) [email protected]

10. Develop Testing Program & Reports § Township of Langley § List devices that require testing Wyatt Babcock § Determine testing frequency 604-532-7331 § Set penalties for non-compliance [email protected] § Determine who can test § Establish process for tracking tests § City of Victoria § Report results as required by Drinking Water Officer Rick Hayhurst § Develop customer correspondence (e.g. reminder letters, 250-361-0339 termination notices) [email protected] § Evaluate and refine program (ongoing) § Capital Regional District 11. Conduct CCC Surveys Jan Van Niekerk § Establish area of responsibility (e.g. new and existing properties) 250-474-9611 § Identify and prioritize potential contaminate concentrations [email protected] and quantities § Notify property owners of hazards and requirements for § Black Mountain installation of backflow prevention devices Irrigation District § Gather and track device histories Malcolm Tomlinson § Evaluate and refine surveys (ongoing) 250-765-5169 [email protected] 12. Develop Incident Response Plan § Incorporate into existing water utility emergency response plan

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL 3 CAN/CSA B64.10.1-01, Manual for the Maintenance and Recommended Reading… Field Testing of Backflow Prevention Devices Canadian Standards Association *All manuals published by the Pacific Northwest (416-747-4000) www.csa.ca Section of the AWWA are available from the BCWWA at 604-433-4389 or www.bcwwa.org Standard for Double Check Valve Backflow Assembly American Water Works Association Cross-Connection Control Manual (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org § Supplement #1, Sample Letters and Record Forms § Supplement #2, Sample Ordinances and Resolutions Cross-Connection Control Manual Pacific Northwest Section, AWWA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (503-246-5845) www.pnws-awwa.org (202-272-0167) www.epa.gov

Cross-Connection Control Manual Standard for Reduced Pressure Backflow Western Canada Water & Wastewater Assoc. Prevention Assembly (877-283-2003) www.wcwwa.ca American Water Works Association (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org Summary of Backflow Incidents Pacific Northwest Section, AWWA B.C. Building Code, 1998, Part 7, Plumbing Services (503-246-5845) www.pnws-awwa.org Queen’s Printer http://www.bcsolutions.gov.bc.ca/qp/ Backflow Incident Investigation Procedures Pacific Northwest Section, AWWA Impact of Wet-Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems on Drinking (503-246-5845) www.pnws-awwa.org Water Quality AWWA Research Foundation Manual of Cross-Connection Control (303-347-6100) www.awwarf.org University of Southern California, Foundation for Cross- Connection Control & Hydraulic Research Professional Qualifications, Series 5000, Backflow (213-740-2032) www.usc.edu/dept/fccchr Prevention Assemblies Standards Program American Society of Sanitary Engineering Manual of Water Supply Practices, Recommended (440-835-3040) www.asse-plumbing.org Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control-AWWA M14 Drinking Water Regulations Relating to Cross-Connections American Water Works Association Washington State Health Department (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org (800-525-0127) www.doh.wa.gov

CAN/CSA B64.10-01 Manual for the Selection and Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Installation of Backflow Prevention Devices Cross-Connection Control-M14 Canadian Standards Association American Water Works Association (416-747-4000) www.csa.ca (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org

Interesting statistics… In 1999, the American Backflow Prevention Association conducted a survey to determine the incidence of cross-connections and the related costs of contamination and cross-connection control. While respondents reported American experiences, the data is useful to Canadian water suppliers. § 51% of all respondents had experienced a backflow incident. § 42% of all cross-connection surveys found a cross-connection. § 62% of all cross-connections are irrigation-related; other common sources are boilers, pools, tanks, spas, food equipment, fire systems, garden/wash-down hoses, carbonation systems, sewers/waste facilities, and cooling towers. § The average annual cross-connection control cost per connection for small systems (serving fewer than 10,000 people) is $3.40. § The average annual cross-connection control cost per connection for large systems (serving more than 10,000 people) is $1.28. Based on the survey, the ABPA concluded that “public water systems should be required to have and maintain an effective on-going cross-connection control program.”

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL 4

Best Management Practices

Turbidity Monitoring and Reporting

Developed by

BCWWA for

Ministry of Health Services

October, 2004 Best Management Practices

Turbidity Monitoring and Reporting

Your water system—whether large or small—could be negatively impacted by turbidity. It’s important, therefore, to understand turbidity and to develop appropriate response strategies. Information Links Guidelines for Canadian What is turbidity? Drinking Water Quality Best Practices for Utility- th As defined in the 6 Edition of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Based Data: National Guide Water Quality (GCDWQ), “turbid water is caused by the presence of to Sustainable Municipal very fine suspended matter such as clay, silt, organic and inorganic Infrastructure matter, soluble coloured organic compounds, plankton, and other microscopic organisms. “Turbidity measurements relate to the optical property of water that causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample. The common unit of measurement in Canada is the Nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). The GCDWQ recommend an MAC (maximum acceptable concentration) of less than 1.0 NTU.” Recommended Why should BMPs be applied to Reading… turbidity monitoring and reporting? Water Distribution Operator BMPs as they relate to turbidity monitoring and reporting can be Training Handbook defined as programs designed to use turbidity measurement as a Second Edition, American Water tool to detect changes and trends in water quality at source or in Works Association the distribution system. They also help determine future treatment (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org needs and customer inquiries, provide an opportunity to remediate irregular conditions by increasing disinfection dosage, and support uni- Water Quality and Treatment: directional flushing and main replacement programs. A Handbook for Community A turbidity monitoring and reporting program that reflects BMPs: Water Supplies § increases protection of potable water supply; American Water Works Association § reduces risk to public health; (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org § increases public confidence; § ensures compliance with operating permit; Environmental Sampling § demonstrates due diligence; and Analysis Lab Manual § provides early indication of water quality deviations; Maria Csuros, 1997 § provides reasonable capital and operating costs; § provides historical record of water quality trends; Distribution Systems § optimizes disinfection treatment; and Operation and Management § guides preventative response. American Water Works Association Standard A turbidity monitoring and reporting program that reflects BMPs also (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org helps build consistency throughout the province.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: TURBIDITY MONITORING & REPORTING 1 What BMPs should be applied to small systems?

Small water systems (e.g. those servicing a trailer park or subdivision) can implement a turbidity monitoring and reporting program that includes the following steps: If you need help…

1. Contact the Drinking Water Officer (DWO) to review Small Systems program scope and potential requirements. § Coastal Water 2. Research successful turbidity monitoring and reporting Suppliers Association programs implemented by other small systems. Pauline Berkman 3. Conduct a risk assessment. 250-338-7796 4. Identify equipment needs. [email protected] 5. Prepare Budget. 6. Obtain equipment and train operators. § Small Water 7. Sample turbidity at source and/or in distribution system. Users Association (Determine sampling frequency with input from DWO, Denny Ross-Smith considering source water quality, customer complaints, age and 250-229-2262 type of pipe, chlorine residuals, and total coliform. To maximize [email protected] efficiency, combine with chlorine and coliform tests). 8. Report findings to DWO (e.g. monthly, maximum, § Water Supply mean, minimum). Association of BC 9. Resolve turbidity areas with flushing. Bruce Wilson 10. Create historical databases to use as a reference for water main 250-765-5218 flushing, customer complaints, and future treatment needs. [email protected] 11. Work with the DWO to create a deviation response plan.

What BMPs should be applied to Large Systems larger systems? § Len Clarkson Vancouver Coastal Health 1. Conduct Initial Research Authority § Explore successful turbidity monitoring and reporting 604-815-6841 programs in other communities [email protected] § Conduct risk assessment with input from Drinking Water Officer (DWO) § Dipak Dattani § Use historical data to identify negative impacts to water quality City of Burnaby § Review customer complaints 604-294-7390 [email protected] 2. Build Program Framework § § Identify objectives and targets Fernando King § Identify manpower requirements and resources City of Surrey § Identify equipment needs (e.g. portable vs. online turbidity meter) 604-590-7224 § Develop program framework with input from DWO [email protected] § Develop budget § Don Miller § Set schedule Fraser Health § Prepare business plan 604-572-2600 § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) [email protected]

3. Garner Support and Funding § Adrian Weaden § Present business plan to senior staff and council or board City of Kelowna (include regulatory requirements, liability considerations, 250-862-5510 (244) recommended approach, and funding requirements) [email protected] § Provide frequent updates (ongoing)

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: TURBIDITY MONITORING & REPORTING 2 4. Create Communication Plan and Materials 6. Introduce Distribution System Sampling Program § Identify internal and external audiences’ § Sample turbidity regularly specific communication needs § Use data (e.g. turbidity and chlorine residuals) § Prepare a written plan, including emergency to identify areas that may need flushing or to response procedures enhance universal flushing programs § Educate all appropriate staff about turbidity § Use data to answer customer inquiries and to monitoring and reporting identify areas that may require flushing § Access/prepare information and education materials for external audiences, if appropriate 7. Monitor and Refine Plan § Educate external audiences, if appropriate § Ensure plan includes other water quality § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) parameters (e.g. temperature, total coliform, fecal coliform (E. coli), free and total chlorine) 5. Introduce Source Water Sampling Program § Establish frequency as directed by DWO § Sample turbidity regularly (determine § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) frequency with input from DWO) § Develop historical information and trending 8. Conduct Reporting (report in line or bar graph, simple form) § Provide monthly turbidity results to council, § Provide equipment and training senior staff, and DWO, as requested § Develop source water response plan for high § Provide yearly turbidity summaries to council, turbidity readings senior staff, health authority, and customers, as appropriate

More on turbidity...

Instruments that measure turbidity are called turbidity meters. with high turbidity. The occurrence and persistence of They range in complexity and cost from battery-powered microorganisms within distribution systems have been handheld units to continuous online monitoring systems. correlated with turbidity and other factors. As stated in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking “The effect of turbidity on disinfection efficiency may be Water Quality, “Control of turbidity in public drinking water frequently related to the type and nature of the particulates. systems is important for both health and aesthetic reasons. Surface water sources in particular may be susceptible Excessive turbidity detracts from the appearance of treated to organic substances and undesired organisms that can water and has often been associated with unacceptable impede disinfection or otherwise cause drinking water tastes and odours. Turbidity can serve as a source of quality problems. Appropriate technology is available to treat nutrients for waterborne bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, and monitor turbidity to low levels. Therefore, the MAC for which can be embedded in or adhere to particles in the raw turbidity in water entering distribution systems has been set water or become trapped within floc formed during water at 1 NTU. Provision of treated water at or below this limit will treatment; turbidity can thus interfere with the enumeration minimize the introduction of unfavourable particulates and of micro-organisms in finished water, as the micro-organism biological matter into the distribution system and thereby may not be detectable or may be grossly underestimated render better disinfection opportunity, effectiveness and by current detection methods. The adsorptive properties maintenance. Special site-specific problems may require of suspended particles can also lead to a concentration of more rigorous attention for the production of low-turbidity heavy metal ions and biocides in turbid waters. Turbidity can water. Any sudden increase in the turbidity of unfinished interfere with disinfection processes and the maintenance water indicates deteriorating quality of the raw water or loss of a chlorine residual: depending on the composition of the of control in the water treatment process. turbidity-causing material, interference with disinfection can “Certain water supplies, such as groundwater, may range from negligible to severe. Turbidity has also been contain non-organic-based turbidity, which may not related to trihalomethane formation in chlorinated water. seriously hinder disinfection. Therefore, a less stringent “Viable coliform bacteria have been detected in waters value for turbidity in water entering a distribution system with turbidities higher than 3 NTU, even in the presence may be permitted if it is demonstrated that the system has of free chlorine residuals. Outbreaks of disease traced to a history of acceptable microbiological quality and that a chlorinated water supplies have been associated higher turbidity value will not compromise disinfection.”

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: TURBIDITY MONITORING & REPORTING 3 Best Management Practices

Chlorine Disinfection and Monitoring

Developed by

BCWWA for

Ministry of Health Services

October, 2004 Best Management Practices

Chlorine Disinfection and Monitoring

B.C.’s Drinking Water Protection Act requires all surface water sources intended for drinking to be disinfected. Information Links What is disinfection? Chlorination Materials (PDF file, 545 KB) Disinfection can be broken down into two categories: primary disinfection and secondary disinfection. Primary disinfection, typically Water Chlorination undertaken at a treatment facility, inactivates pathogens in source water. Principles Common technologies for primary disinfection include chlorination, (PDF file, 842 KB) ultra-violet (UV) treatment, and ozonation. Secondary disinfection, which occurs throughout the distribution system, prevents bacterial Chlorination Practices regrowth and reduces the risk of accidental contamination. Common (PDF file, 1.6 MB) technologies include chlorination and chloramination. Most water suppliers use chlorine for primary and secondary Distribution System disinfection. As defined in the National Guide to Sustainable Municipal Chlorination Infrastructure, chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to water (PDF file, 459 KB) to kill disease-causing organisms (e.g. bacteria, viruses) or to act as an oxidizing agent. Chlorine monitoring is a method of measuring Chlorination Control free chlorine residual to ensure effective secondary disinfection in the (PDF file, 738 KB) distribution system. Monitoring can be manual and sporadic or automatic and continuous. In some jurisdictions, continuous monitoring is a Chlorination: Safe requirement of their operating permits. Handling Practices PDF file, 1.4 MB)

Why should BMPs be applied to Chlorination Equipment chlorine disinfection and monitoring? (PDF file, 3.4 MB)

As part of a multi-barrier approach, chlorine disinfection and monitoring Chlorination: provides many benefits. A chlorine disinfection and monitoring program Glossary of Terms that reflects BMPs: (PDF file, 616 KB)

§ reduces risk to public health; Best Practices for § increases protection of potable water supply; Utility-Based Data: § increases customer confidence; National Guide to § reduces liability; Sustainable Infrastructure § ensure compliance with regulatory requirements; § demonstrates due diligence; § provides a proven and simple technology; § ensures reasonable capital and operation costs; and § provides an easily detectable/monitorable indicator of water safety.

A chlorine disinfection and monitoring program that reflects BMPs also helps build consistency throughout the province.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CHLORINE DISINFECTION & MONITORING 1 What BMPs should be applied to small water systems?

This BMP has been prepared for systems that have completed a disinfection feasibility study. For small systems (e.g. those servicing a trailer park or subdivision) that have not completed a study, the If you need help… following are recommended steps. Small Systems § Coastal Water 1. Contact the Drinking Water Officer (DWO) to determine if primary and/or secondary disinfection are required. Suppliers Association 2. Research successful chlorine disinfection and monitoring Pauline Berkman programs implemented by other small systems. 250-338-7796 3. Gather background water quality information, flow or pump [email protected] hour records, and water system as-built records. § Small Water 4. Review the background information with your DWO to Users Association identify information gaps. Denny Ross-Smith 5. Complete a disinfection feasibility study in keeping with recommendations from your DWO (e.g. determine chlorine 250-229-2262 contact time). [email protected] § Consider safety and handling in choosing specific § Water Supply method of chlorination. Association of BC 6. Provide your water users with information about the Bruce Wilson disinfection study. 7. If chlorination is determined to be appropriate for your 250-765-5218 system, please proceed to the rest of this BMP. [email protected]

What BMPs should be applied to larger water systems?

1. Build Program Framework max/min residuals, locations, disinfection § Identify objectives and targets byproduct potential § Identify manpower requirements and resources § Identify operational objectives (simplicity, § Identify equipment needs safety, frequency of attendance, automation, § Develop program framework (e.g. chlorination alarming) and monitoring approach) based on regulatory § Assess facility characteristics/requirements requirements § Identify treatment equipment options: § Develop budget o chlorination technology (e.g. gas, § Set schedule solution, generation) § Prepare business plan o dosing point(s), contact time § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) o dosing control (e.g. automatic, manual) § Identify monitoring equipment options: 2. Garner Support and Funding o online monitor(s) § Present business plan to senior staff and council o handheld test kits or board (include regulatory requirements, o alarming liability considerations, recommended § Compare equipment options (e.g. capital costs, approach, and funding requirements) operating costs, consumables, safety, simplicity, § Provide frequent updates (ongoing) proven performance, “approvability”) § Select equipment 3. Develop Capital Plan § Prepare cost estimates Evaluate Information § Identify BMPs for operation and maintenance of § Reevaluate information to determine if chlorine equipment (e.g. repairs, recalibration, pretreatment is required emergency response) Research/Select Equipment § Obtain approval from council/board and senior § Identify water quality objectives (e.g. staff to proceed.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CHLORINE DISINFECTON & MONITORING 2 Meet Design/Approval Requirements § Confirm system classification Recommended Reading… § Identify specifications § Prepare drawings *All manuals published by the Pacific § Obtain construction permit from Health Authority Northwest Section of the AWWA are available from the BCWWA at Procure/Install/Commission Equipment 604-433-4389 or www.bcwwa.org § Procure equipment o construction tender Water Chlorination Principles and Practices, AWWA M20 o equipment supply contract Pacific Northwest Section, AWWA o performance specification (503-246-5845) www.pnws-awwa.org § Construct/install equipment § Commission equipment AWWA Standard for Hypochlorites: § Conduct vendor training AWWA B300-64 (1964) § Conduct inspections American Water Works Association (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org 4. Develop Operations and Maintenance Plan AWWA Standard for Deep Wells: § Develop and implement a plan to suit your AWWA A100-66 (1966) specific needs American Water Works Association o For chlorination equipment (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org w daily w weekly Chlorine Manual (4th ed., 1969) w monthly Chlorine Institute w annual (703-741-5670) www.cl2.com w renewal of consumables Proceedings of the National Specialty w ordering of consumables Conference on Disinfection w scheduled maintenance American Society of Civil Engineers (1970) w vendor documentation o For online monitors Standard Methods for the Examination w calibration of Water and Wastewater w renewal of consumables AWWA, APHA, & WPCF. New York (1971) American Water Works Association w ordering of consumables (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org w vendor documentation § Conduct staff training leading to certification Water Quality and Treatment § Commence plan AWWA. McGraw-Hill, New York (1971)

5. Develop Monitoring Plan Water Treatment Plan Design § Develop plan according to your selected approach AWWA, ASCE & CSSE, New York (1972) o Dosing/injection monitoring American Water Works Association (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org w online monitoring w dosage/consumption monitoring Handbook of Chlorination w record keeping by G.C. White w notification of variances Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1972) 1. who/how 2. response protocol Hypochlorites: Materials and Handling o First customer monitoring Laubusch, Water and Sewage Works, 107:6 (June 1960) w frequency w parameters Distribution Systems Operation w record keeping and Management w notification of variances AWWA Standard 1. who/how (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org 2. response protocol

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CHLORINE DISINFECTION & MONITORING 3 o Distribution system monitoring w locations w frequency If you need help... w parameters Large Systems w record keeping § Dipak Dattani w notification of variances City of Burnaby 1. who/how 604-294-7390 2. response protocol [email protected] § Conduct staff training § Commence plan § Judi Ekkert Fraser Health 6. Create Communication Plan and Materials 604-702-4950 § Identify internal and external audiences’ specific [email protected] communication needs § Prepare a written plan, including emergency § Robin Gear response procedures Fraser Health § Educate all appropriate staff about chlorine disinfection 250-519-7065 and monitoring including specialized training for [email protected] handling chlorine gas § § Access/prepare information and education materials for Don Miller Fraser Health external audiences, if appropriate 604-572-2600 § Educate external audiences, if appropriate [email protected] § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) § Toby Pike 7. Conduct Reporting South East Kelowna Irrigation District § Provide monthly residual summaries to council, senior 250-861-4200 staff, and DWO, as requested [email protected] § Provide yearly residual summaries to council, senior staff, health authority, and customers § Dave Swanson § Plan to address related concerns (e.g. THMs) City of Vancouver § Notify your DWO when distribution chlorine residuals 604-326-4801 do not meet minimums [email protected] § Adrian Weaden City of Kelowna 250-862-5510 (244) [email protected]

§ Michael Wu Northern Health 250-286-5748 [email protected]

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CHLORINE DISINFECTION & MONITORING 4 Online Chlorine Analyzers

There are two ways to continuously monitor weekly with a grab sample. The membrane and chlorine residuals in your drinking water system. electrolyte should be changed every four to six months depending upon your water conditions. 1. Amperometric titration/polarographic Every time the electrolyte and membrane are membrane sensor method changed the unit will need to be zeroed again.

The polarographic membrane sensor consists of 2. Colorimetric monitoring method a pair of electrodes immersed in a conductive electrolyte and isolated from the sample by a The DPD colorimetric method requires a chlorine-permeable membrane. Chlorine migrates continuous flow of water through the flow through the membrane and is reduced to chloride cell. Every 2.5 minutes a sample is retained on the surface of the working electrode. This in the flow cell to measure blank absorbance process causes electrons to flow through an external (colour intensity) before reagents are added. measuring circuit, with the current flow being This compensates for turbidity in the sample linearly proportional to chlorine concentration. and provides an automatic zero reference point. This method requires a constant flow across the Reagents are then added to the flow cell and membrane and gives a continuous reading for the a magnetic stirring motor mixes the sample. chlorine. Analyzing range is 0-2 mg/l. After colour development the colour intensity Installation will require about three feet of wall is measured and compared to the reference. The space, 120 VAC, a water supply, and a drain. This difference between the two readings is used to type of unit will consist of an electronic monitor, calculate the chlorine concentration. Analyzing chlorine sensor, and a flow cell. The flow cell has range is 0-5mg/l. an overflow built into it so a constant pressure on This unit also requires about three feet the membrane can be maintained. A flow of about of wall space, 120 VAC, water supply and seven gallons/hour will be required. This unit will drain. The analyzer will need to be assembled have a 4-20 mA output that may be connected to a according to instructions. SCADA system or a local chart recorder. Alarms Once the unit is assembled and installed can be set on this unit as well. the buffer and regent will need to be installed Before the unit can be put in service, electrolyte following instructions in the manual. The system and a membrane must be added to the chlorine will prime itself and be ready for service. High sensor. It must be zeroed. This is accomplished by and low chlorine alarms may be set as well. placing the chlorine sensor in water that has no These alarms can be used to take pumps off chlorine in it. The unit should be left over night to line, if there is a problem with the chlorination allow for zeroing. Once the unit has zeroed it can equipment. A 4-20 mA is available for SCADA or be placed into the flow cell. On initial setup after chart recorder outputs. the unit has run for about 24 hours, it may require Depending on water conditions, the flow cell some fine adjustments for final setup. will need to be cleaned weekly. The buffer and Over time, the analyzer can start to drift on the reagent must be replaced once a month. The tubing chlorine readings. The analyzer should be checked will need to be changed annually.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CHLORINE DISINFECTION & MONITORING 5

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX C

SCADA OVERVIEW

-1-

WHAT IS SCADA?

The acronym SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. In reality, the primary purpose of SCADA is to monitor, control and alarm regional operating systems from a central location. These systems would include reservoirs, chlorination stations, control valve stations, treatment facilities, pumping stations and the like. While remote override control is possible it is infrequently utilized, however field operating control setpoints are quite regularly changed by means of SCADA.

WHAT MAKES UP A SCADA SYSTEM?

There are three main elements to a SCADA system, various RTU's (Remote Telemetry Units), communications and an HMI (Human Machine Interface). Each RTU effectively collects information at a site, while communications bring that information from the various regional RTU sites to a central location, and occasionally returns instructions to the RTU. The HMI displays this information in an easily understood graphics format, archives the data received, transmits alarms and permits operator control as required.

Radio communication is most commonly utilized for regional systems as it is both reliable and long-term costs are minimaL. The HMI is essentially a PC (Personal Computer) system running powerful graphic and alarm software programs.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A SCADA SYSTEM?

The obvious attraction of SCADA is the ability to significantly reduce the frequency of field site inspections while at the same time improving regional system performance and reliability. Since information about the operating systems as a whole is readily at hand, operational decisions can be made both quicker and better.

Annoying after hours alarm call-outs can often be avoided since a SCADA system will indicate the nature and degree of a problem, permitting an informed decision. The ability to remotely control site equipment may also permit an operator at home to postpone a site visit till working hours.

SCADA based alarming is also very reliable since it is in-house and tied directly to process control. This is a significant consideration in disaster planning.

A significant feature of a SCADA system, often not fully appreciated, is the trending of data - and nothing comes close for speed and ease of operation. When graphically displayed, accumulated operating data often will indicate a developing problem, or an area for

-2- operational improvement. Reports can easily be generated from this data utilizing other common software programs.

It should be appreciated that while a SCADA system is complex to configure - it is extremely easy to operate!

ARE OTHER MUNICIPALITIES UTILIZING OR INSTALLING SCADA?

SCADA systems are utilized by very large municipal organizations, such as the GVRD and CRD, as well as an ever increasing number of small municipalities. Virtually every municipality within the lower mainland has it's own SCADA system along with major B.C. cities such as Kelowna and Prince George. Significantly many smaller municipalities such as Smithers, Revelstoke, Quesnel and Houston have or are in the process of installing SCADA.

WHAT IS INVOLVED?

There are five phases to creating a functional SCADA system:

Phase 1 The DESIGN of the system architecture. This includes the all- important radio communication path survey. Also involved will be the supply and installation of any site instrumentation that is not presently in existence, but will be required to monitor desired parameters.

Phase 2 The SUPPLY of RTU, communication and HMI equipment, the latter consisting of a PC system and the necessary powerful graphic and alarm software programs.

Phase 3 The PROGRAMMING of the communication equipment and the powerful HMI graphic and alarm software programs.

Phase 4 The INSTALLATION of the communication equipment and the PC system. The former task is typically much more involved.

Phase 5 The COMMISSIONING of the system, during which communication and HMI programming problems are solved, the system is proven to the client, operator training and system documentation is provided.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX D

D1 – City of Powell River’s Current Emergency Water Plan D2 – Templates for Public Notification D3 – Best Management Practices (BCWWA) – Emergency Response Plan

604 485-9822 654 414-8522 604 487-9985 : 604 483-6234

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Home Cell Residents - delivered door to door by CDPR Staffer 'Canada Post 604 485-5552 Ensure delivery to mobile heme parks, a,part~~~eazts,cor~do's and restauraellis

404-420-2268

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boil advisory shall only be done Public Health Inspector.

APPENDIX D2 TEMPLATES FOR PUBLIC NOTIFICATION (adapted from US EPA Public Notification Handbook)

DRINKING WATER WARNING

[System] water is contaminated with [fecal coliform/ E. coli]

BOIL YOUR WATER BEFORE USING

Fecal coliform [or E. coli] bacteria were found in the water supply on [date]. These bacteria can make you sick, and are a particular concern for people with weakened immune systems.

What should I do?

• DO NOT DRINK THE WATER WITHOUT BOILING IT FIRST. Bring all water to a boil, let it boil for one minute, and let it cool before using, or use bottled water. Boiled or bottled water should be used for drinking, making ice, brushing teeth, washing dishes, and food preparation until further notice. Boiling kills bacteria and other organisms in the water.

Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.

• The symptoms above are not caused only by organisms in drinking water. If you experience any of these symptoms and they persist, you may want to seek medical advice. People at increased risk should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.

What happened? What is being done?

Bacterial contamination can occur when increased run-off enters the drinking water source (for example, following heavy rains). It can also happen due to a break in the distribution system (pipes) or a failure in the water treatment process.

[Describe corrective action.] We will inform you when tests show no bacteria and you no longer need to boil your water. We anticipate resolving the problem within [estimated time frame].

Please share this information with all the other people who drink this water, especially those who may not have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools, and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by hand or mail.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR DRINKING WATER (adapted from USEPA Public Notification Handbook)

Tests Show Coliform Bacteria in [System] Water

Our water system recently violated a drinking water standard. Although this is not an emergency, as our customers, you have a right to know what happened, what you should do, and what we are doing to correct this situation.

We routinely monitor for the presence of drinking water contaminants. We took [number] samples for coliform bacteria during [month]. [Number/percentage] of those samples showed the presence of coliform bacteria. The standard is that no more than [1 sample per month/5 percent of our samples] may do so.

What should I do?

• You do not need to boil your water or take other corrective actions. However, if you have specific health concerns, consult your doctor. • People with severely compromised immune systems, infants, and some elderly may be at increased risk. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.

What does this mean?

This is not an emergency. If it had been you would have been notified immediately. Total coliform bacteria are generally not harmful themselves. Coliforms are bacteria which are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems.

Usually, coliforms are a sign that there could be a problem with the treatment or distribution system (pipes). Whenever we detect coliform bacteria in any sample, we do follow-up testing to see if other bacteria of greater concern, such as fecal coliform or E. coli, are present. We did not find any of these bacteria in our subsequent testing. If we had, we would have notified you immediately. However, we are still finding coliforms in the drinking water.

What happened? What is being done?

[Describe corrective action.] We are still detecting coliform bacteria. We will inform you when our sampling shows that no bacteria are present. We anticipate resolving the problem within [estimated time frame]. For more information, please contact [name of contact] at [phone number] or [mailing address].

(adapted from USEPA Emergency Response Plan Guidance for Small and Medium Community Water Systems, 2004)

Example Do Not Drink Notice

WARNING

DO NOT DRINK THE WATER

[Cyanide] found in the [City of Rolling Brook] water supply on [October 10th]

Bottled water can be obtained at [Islington Station High School and Penn Road High School 24 hours per day].

What should I do?

• Do NOT drink the water.

• Symptoms associated with cyanide include dry mouth, itchy throat, headache, sweating, flushed skin, muscle rigidity, fever, confusion, lethargy, seizures, loss of consciousness, coma and death.

• If you or someone you know exhibits any of these symptoms, immediately contact your health care provider. In addition, please notify the public health department at 1-800-123- 4567.

What happened? What is being done?

On October 10th, the water distribution system was contaminated with cyanide. We are working with law enforcement and the public health department to investigate/resolve this issue. We have tested the water in various parts of the distribution system to verify the extent of the cyanide contamination. Based on these tests, we have isolated the portion of the system located north of Aspen Street and east of Aspen Street and east of River Road. Everyone in this portion of the system should not drink the water. We have implemented additional security procedures to protect the system against further contamination. Additional information will be provided 24 hours/day on Channel 57 – the local government television channel.

For more information, please contact [Joseph Smith] at [555-555-6789].

Please share this information with all the other people who drink this water, especially those who may not have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by hand.

(adapted from USEPA Emergency Response Plan Guidance for Small and Medium Community Water Systems, 2004)

Example Do Not Use Notice

WARNING

DO NOT USE THE WATER

[Lyonelle Water System] water is contaminated with [parathion]

Bottled water can be obtained at [Murray High School and Central High School 24 hours per day].

Parathion was found in the water supply on [November 14]. This chemical can make you sick and may result in death.

What should I do?

• Do NOT USE THE WATER. You should not use the water for drinking, making ice, brushing teeth, washing dishes, washing clothes, bathing, food preparation, or watering lawns. Bottled water should be used for all of the above necessities until further notice.

• Parathion is a chemical usually used to kill insects. It can cause constriction of the pupils, blurred vision, muscle and abdominal cramps, excessive salivation, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, convulsions, diarrhea, weakness, labored breathing, wheezing and unconsciousness. Exposure can even lead to death.

• If you or someone you know exhibits any of these symptoms, immediately contact your health care provider. In addition, please notify the public health department at 1-800-123- 4567.

What happened? What is being done?

The water distribution system was contaminated with parathion. We are working with law enforcement and the public health department to investigate/resolve this issue. We have tested the water in various parts of the distribution system to verify the extent of the parathion contamination. Based on these tests, we have isolated the portion of the system located north of Lincoln Avenue and east of Maple Road. Everyone in this portion of the system should not use the water. We have implemented additional security procedures to protect the system against further contamination. Additional information will be provided 24 hours/day on Channel 57 – the local government television channel.

Please share this information with all the other people who drink this water, especially those who may not have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by hand. (adapted from USEPA Emergency Response Plan Guidance for Small and Medium Community Water Systems, 2004)

WATER QUALITY ADVISORY

[system] has high turbidity levels

BOIL YOUR WATER BEFORE USING

We routinely monitor your water for turbidity (cloudiness). This tells us whether we are effectively filtering the water supply. A water sample taken [date] showed turbidity levels of [number] turbidity units. This is above the standard of [standard] turbidity units. Because of these high levels of turbidity, there is an increased chance that the water may contain disease- causing organsism.

What should I do?

• DO NOT DRINK THE WATER WITHOUT BOILING IT FIRST. Bring all water to a boil, let it boil for one minute, and let it cool before using, or use bottled water. Boiled or bottled water should be used for drinking, making ice, washing dishes, brushing teeth and food preparation until further notice.

• Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause symptoms such as naseau, cramps, diarrhea and associated headaches. People with severely compromised immune systems, infants, and some elderly may be at increased risk. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.

• The symptoms above are not caused only by organisms in drinking water. If you experience any of these symptoms and they persist, you may want to seek medical advice.

What happened? What is being done?

[Describe reason for the high turbidity, corrective action, and when the system expects to return to compliance.]

We will inform you when turbidity returns to appropriate levels and when you no longer need to boil your water.

For more information, please contact [name of contact] at [phone number] or [mailing address].

Please share this information with all the other people who drink this water, especially those who may not have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by hand.

(adapted from USEPA Emergency Response Plan Guidance for Small and Medium Community Water Systems, 2004)

DRINKING WATER PROBLEM CORRECTED

Customers of [system] were notified on [date] of a problem with our drinking water and were advised to [describe recommended action]. We are pleased to report that the problem has been corrected and that it is no longer necessary to [describe recommended action]. We apologize for any inconvenience and thank you for your patience.

[Add further details here where appropriate.]

As always, you may contact [contact name] at [phone number] or [mailing address] with any comments or questions.

Please share this information with all the other people who drink this water, especially those who may not have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by hand.

Best Management Practices

Emergency Response Planning

Developed by

BCWWA for

Ministry of Health Services

October, 2004 Best Management Practices

Emergency Response Planning

Your water system—whether large or small—could be negatively impacted by an emergency situation. It’s important, therefore, to be aware of potential emergencies and to develop an appropriate Information Links emergency response plan. Emergency Response Planning Guide for Small Waterworks Systems What is emergency (PDF File) response planning?

An emergency is anything that interrupts the delivery of safe drinking water. An emergency response plan (ERP) is a document that provides response, recovery, and remediation guidance for actions in response to man-made, technological, and/or natural Recommended disaster emergencies. More simply, ERPs outline what owners Reading… and operators must do and who to contact during an emergency. Good business practices suggest that every utility have an ERP AWWA Manual M19 (1999b) that is coordinated with local emergency response organizations, American Water Works Association regulatory authorities, and local government officials. For some (303-794-7711) www.awwa.org water systems, emergency response planning is a requirement under the Drinking Water Protection Act and, subsequently, their Response Protocol Toolbox: operating permits. Planning for and Responding to Drinking Water Contamination Threats and Incidents Why should BMPs be applied to USEPA, December 2003 emergency response planning? (1-800-832-7828) or www.epa.gov

An emergency response plan that reflects BMPs: Guidance for Water Utility § reduces risk to public health; Response, Recovery and § reduces stress and confusion during an emergency; Remediation Actions for Man- § requires networking (e.g. identifies resources/allies); Made and/or Technological § increases customer confidence; Emergencies § reduces liability; USEPA, 2002 § meets compliance requirements; (1-800-832-7828) or www.epa.gov § ensures proactive rather than reactive emergency response; Security Vulnerability Self- § creates a need to review inventory; Assessment Guide for Small § improves/supports links with other plans; Drinking Water Systems § sets framework for staff development; Association of State Drinking Water § helps to integrate internal/external stakeholders; and Administrators § improves communication with public and media. (202-293-7655) www.asdwa.org National Rural Water Association An emergency response plan that reflects BMPs also helps build (580-252-0629) www.nrwa.org consistency throughout the province.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING 1 What BMPs should be applied to small systems?

Small water systems (e.g. those servicing a trailer park or subdivision) can implement an emergency response plan by following these steps: If you need help… 1. Download B.C.’s Emergency Response Planning Guide for Small Systems Small Waterworks Systems (see Information Links). § Coastal Water 2. Consult with Drinking Water Officer (DWO) to discuss Suppliers Association regulatory requirements. Pauline Berkman 3. Define what would constitute an emergency (e.g. water main 250-338-7796 break, well pump failure, hazardous spill). [email protected] 4. Develop an appropriate response to and contacts for each type of emergency (e.g. local jurisdiction, fire department, § Small Water PEP, media). Users Association 5. Develop a communication plan with sample notices; check Denny Ross-Smith phone numbers quarterly. 250-229-2262 6. Prepare a system distribution map for accurate locations of [email protected] works (e.g. valves, rights of way, access roads, pump houses). 7. Submit the plan to the DWO for review and comment. § Water Supply 8. Circulate the plan and system distribution map to all Association of BC appropriate personnel. Bruce Wilson 9. Practice the plan annually and document results. 250-765-5218 10. Revise the plan annually. [email protected] 11. Undertake regular system inspection and maintenance. What BMPs should be applied to larger systems?

1. Conduct Initial Research 4. Inventory Assets § Research successful ERPs in other communities § Gather appropriate information § Consult with regulatory authorities o source (watershed, surface water, wells) § Explore potential scope o treatment o transmission 2. Build Program Framework o distribution § Identify objectives and targets o storage (refer to WHMIS) § Determine governance approach o pumping facilities § Identify participants and their roles o ancillary (records, SCADA, energy § Outline responsibilities sources, standby power, lab facilities) § Develop procedures/templates § Identify users (residential, ICI, wholesale) § Create budget § Set schedule 5. Conduct Hazard or Vulnerability Assessment § Establish authority (see corresponding article) § Develop incident command structure § Identify hazards § Prepare business plan o distinguish between natural and § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing) human-triggered hazards o distinguish hazard level 3. Garner Support and Funding o consider security § Present business plan to senior staff and council § Determine probably of occurrence or board (include regulatory requirements, § Prioritize customer needs liability considerations, recommended o assess level of service required (e.g. approach, and funding requirements) hospitals, day cares) § Provide frequent updates (ongoing) o assign performance criteria

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING 2 o consider system components and customer service levels o understand stakeholder requirements and If you need help… dialogue with customers regarding their planning Large Systems and requirements § Barry Davis § Inform decision-makers (e.g. council/board) City of Burnaby o may help acquire funds for preventative/ 604-294-7464 mitigative measures [email protected] o need their support for planning process o need to keep security issues in mind (some § Bruce Kerr information should be confidential) City of Victoria § Provide broader context on how these impact/relate to 250-361-0308 other parts of operation [email protected] § Integrate ERP with Official Community Plan and regional plans § Fernando King City of Surrey 6. Develop Hazard Management Plan 604-590-7224 § Define management options to “reduce, prevent, [email protected] accept, avoid” § Peter Malone o reduce–reservoir hatch cover lock Capital Regional District o prevent–call before you dig 250-474-9600 o accept–contractor waterman break [email protected] o avoid–on-site chlorine generation instead of chlorine gas § Don Miller § Assign costs to options and select appropriate option Fraser Health § Review existing case studies/information available 604-572-2600 re: possible solutions [email protected]

7. Identify Response and Recovery Measures § Dean Scovill § Select and prioritize measures Fraser Health Authority § Assign required resources (e.g. staff, equipment, materials) 604-572-2603 § Identify safety equipment and location [email protected] § Set timeline/implementation plan § § Develop standard operating procedures, if required Len Stein City of Abbotsford o can be internal and external 604-853-5485 § Develop up-to-date materials/protocols [email protected] o list staff, HR issues, suppliers, spare parts o list/summarize relevant policies § Ron Weismiller § Develop mutual aid agreements and standing offers with City of Burnaby suppliers/others (e.g. helicopter company) and list of 604-591-4605 telephone contacts [email protected] § Develop accounting plan to track costs, funding applications, etc. § Michael Wu o ensure understanding of financing (e.g. what will Northern Health PEP pay for?) 250-286-5748 o link to PEP and claim protocol [email protected] o ensure an appropriate expert is involved § Create event log (e.g. notes, instructions, forms for record keeping, incident reporting) § Link to incident command structure § Define timelines of service restoration to normal conditions § Refer to Aquifer Protection Plan and/or Dam Safety Review, if applicable

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING 3 8. Create Communication Plan and Materials 9. Conduct Training and Exercises § Identify internal and external audiences’ specific communication needs 10. Review and Refine Plan § Prepare a written plan § Review incident command structure § Educate all appropriate staff about ERP § Review communication plan § Access/prepare information and education § Review financial plan materials for external audiences § Review record keeping procedures § Educate external audiences § Review reporting/debriefing procedures § Evaluate and refine plan (ongoing)

Vulnerability Assessment

An ERP is often preceded by a vulnerability The vulnerability assessment process will range assessment, which the U.S. Environmental in complexity based on source water, the size, Protection Agency says, “helps a utility evaluate design and operation of the water system, and the susceptibility to potential threats and identify population affected. Security and safety evaluations corrective actions that can reduce or mitigate the will vary based on knowledge and types of threats, risk of serious consequences from adversarial available security technologies, and applicable actions (e.g. vandalism, insider sabotage, local, provincial, and federal regulations. terrorist attack). The EPA says, “An effective vulnerability The National Guide to Sustainable assessment serves as a guide to the water utility Infrastructure expands on that definition to by providing a prioritized plan for security say, “Water distribution systems are susceptible upgrades, modifications of operational procedures, to disruption of supply as a result of physical and/or policy changes to mitigate the risks and disruption and cyber attacks against SCADA vulnerabilities to the utility’s critical assets.” It also systems. Water distribution systems are also provides a framework for developing risk reduction vulnerable to biological, chemical, and radiological options and associated costs. contamination. Various vulnerability reduction “Utilities should review their vulnerability measures can be implemented in the form of assessments periodically to account for changing physical protection systems, operation systems, and threats or additions to the system to ensure that consequence mitigation.” security objectives are being met. Preferably, An assessment—which considers the a vulnerability assessment is “performance- vulnerability of the water supply and transmission, based,” meaning it evaluates the risk to the water treatment, and distribution systems—also considers system based on the effectiveness (performance) risks posed to the surrounding community related to of existing and planned measures to counteract attacks on the water system. adversarial actions.”

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING 4

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX E

WATERSHED ASSESSMENT APPENDICES

E1 – References E2 – Stakeholder Questionnaire E3 – Stakeholder Contact List E4 – Stakeholder Responses

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX E1 - REFERENCES

Anonymous. 2001. “Weir makes Waterway.” In: Powell River Peak, Sept. 12, 2001, p. 6.

Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers [CCREM]. 1993. Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines. Environmental Quality Guidelines Division, Water Quality Branch, Inland Waters Directorate. Ottawa, Ontario.

Carson, B. 2000. Watershed Assessment of Lang Creek Community Watershed, Powell River, B.C. Prepared for the Watershed Advisory Committee by Carson Land Resources Management Ltd. July 25, 2000.

______. 2003. Watershed Assessment of Haslam Lake Lang Creek Community Watershed, Powell River, B.C. Prepared for Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd., Western Forest Products Ltd. and B.C. Timber Sales. September 2003.

Cator, Shawn. Roads & Water Technologist, Corporation of the District of Powell River. Personal communication, 7 December 2005.

Cruickshank, Rob. Powell River Forest District. B.C. Ministry of Forests. Personal communication, 25 November 2005.

Environment Canada. 1993. Canadian Climate Normals 1961 – 1990. British Columbia. Canadian Climate Program, Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada. Ottawa.

Hodgins, Dave, Powell River ATV Club. Personal communication, 24 October 2005.

Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) Committee. 1999. Haslam Lake and Lang Creek Integrated Watershed Management Plan. Powell River. October 1999.

Jantz, Barry, Director of Public Works, Corporation of the District of Powell River. Personal communication, 18 August 2005.

MacLeod, Don. Cranberry Ratepayers Association. Personal communication, 22 October 2005.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 1 Ministry if Environment, Lands and Parks & Ministry of Forests (MELP & MoF). 1997. Coastal Watershed Assessment, Level 1:Haslam Lake – Lang Creek Community Watershed. Prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks and Ministry of Forests. May 1997.

Ministry of Health Services and Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. 2005. (Draft) Comprehensive Drinking Water Source to Tap Assessment Guideline. March 2005.

Natural Resources Canada (NRC). 2005. Earthquakes Canada. http://www.seismo.nrcan.gc.ca/questions/faq_e.php [accessed 11 Dec. 2005].

Quilty, E., P.M.B. Hudson and T. Farahmand. 2004. Living on the Edge: Climate Change and Salmon in Lang Creek, British Columbia. Prepared by Aquatic Informatics Inc., for Environmental Quality Section, Environmental Protection Division, Lower Mainland Region BC Ministry of Water, Land, & Air Protection, Surrey, B.C.

Shaw, Alan. Manager, Powell River Forest District, B.C. Ministry of Forests. (Personal communication, 25 Nov. 2005.) Stanley, Golden. undated. Unpublished memoirs. Handwritten manuscript archived at the Powell River Museum.

Taylor, E. and D. Langlois. 2000. Climate Change and the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Information to Assist the GVRD in Developing Appropriate Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Long-Term Utility Planning. Environment Canada, Pacific & Yukon Region, Vancouver, B.C. Revised June 22, 2000.

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX E2 – STAKEHOLDER QUESTIONNAIRE

Hello,

Our firm, Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd., is completing an assessment of the Haslam Lake Watershed on behalf of the Corporation of the District of Powell River. We are working as a sub-consultant for Dayton & Knight Ltd. engineers, who are completing an assessment of the Town’s water supply and distribution system. The CDPR has identified your organization as a possible stakeholder in this watershed and has provided your name and contact information to us.

In the interest of obtaining the broadest possible understanding of the Haslam Lake watershed as a source of community water, we are taking this opportunity to invite your input. Specifically, we would be grateful if you could provide your comments on any or all of the following:

1. Does your group have an interest in Haslam Lake or the lands that drain into it (i.e., its watershed?) If yes, please describe briefly.

2. Has your group identified any issues or concerns regarding the use of Haslam Lake and/or its watershed by yourselves or others? If yes, please describe briefly.

3. Are you aware of any existing or potential sources of water contamination that might exist in the watershed due to historical, existing or planned uses of the land or lake? If yes, please describe briefly.

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 3 4. Can you suggest any measures that, in your estimation, could/should be taken to protect the quality and quantity of water in Haslam Lake as a source of raw water for the community’s water supply. If yes, please describe briefly.

5. Can you recommend any other individuals or groups that you think we should contact for additional information? (If they have e-mail, please forward this message to them with a copy to us.)

Any input you might be willing to provide will be most appreciated. If you would prefer us to contact you directly by telephone, please let us know (we will be doing this anyway with groups for which no e-mail address was available).

Thank you in advance for your response.

Yours truly,

Alan Whitehead, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. Watershed Analyst 604-947-0144, [email protected]

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX E3 – LIST OF GROUPS AND PERSONS CONTACTED

All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Club Cabin Owners Association, Powell River c/o 4036 Manitoba Avenue Regional Powell River, B.C., V8A 2W8 Real Sigouin, President Jason Lennox, President c/o Westview Agencies 604-485-5270 4760 Joyce Avenue [email protected] Powell River, B.C., V8A 3B6 John Passek, Secretary-Treasurer 604-485-7931 604-485-2678 604-485-4888 Organization has expressed interest in retaining access for ATV’s around watershed Community Advisory Group to Stillwater Cranberry Ratepayers & Community Timberlands Cascadia (formerly Association Weyerhauser) Yvonne Ormson, President Pam Dowding, Secretary 7068 Cranberry Street c/o 4595 Cascade Place Powell River, B.C., V8A 3Z8 Powell River, B.C., V8A 2X7 Also Don MacLeod, 1-877-485-2742 604-485-5243 www.cagstw.org Ministry of Forests Ministry of Forests Campbell River Timber Sales Office Powell River Forest District Strait of Georgia Business Area Alan Shaw Rob Martin, Planning Offier 604-485-0700 250-286-9349 Also Rob Cruickshank, Fire Protection [email protected] 604-485-2794 also Bill Hughes 250-286-9389

213.20 ©2006 Dayton & Knight Ltd. Page 5 Powell River Parks and Wilderness Society Powell River Salmon Society (PAWS) Phil Jantz, Project Manager Eagle Walz 7050 Alberni Street 604-483-9565 Powell River, B.C., V8A 2C3 [email protected] 604-483-9440 Powell River Museum and Historical Townsite Ratepayers Association Archives Andrew Davis, President Teedie Kagume (Mrs.), Coordinator 5542 Maple Avenue P.O. Box 42, Powell River, B.C., V8A 4Z5 Powell River, B.., V8A 4N5 [email protected] 604-483-3174 [email protected] Wildwood Ratepayers Debby Waslewski, President 5850 Skeena Street Powell River, B.., V8A 4V6 604-483-9589 [email protected]

CITY OF POWELL RIVER DRINKING WATER PROTECTION ACT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX E4 – STAKEHOLDER RESPONSES

Copy of Email

Alan Whitehead

From: Heather [[email protected]] Sent: October 30, 2005 9:41 AM To: Alan Whitehead Cc: Eagle Walz Subject: Haslam Lake

HASLAM LAKE

1. Does your group have an interest in Haslam Lake or the lands that drain into it (i.e. its watershed)? If yes, please describe briefly. a. The Powell River Paddlers use the lake for day trips, overnight trips and rescue sessions. Of VITAL IMPORTANCE to us is the slough that runs out of it into the creek that debouches into Duck Lake. b. This is one of the few areas where we can paddle in safety on a windy day. It has been MOST INCONVENIENT AND DANGEROUS that easy access to this has been cut off. The ONLY other safe area to paddle on a windy day is Duck Lake itself. The next choice is the head of Okeover Inlet which can blow up and which is full of unsightly oyster industry mess. c. The slough is also a safe place for us to practice self rescuing in warm calm shallow water in summer - but we haven't been able to do this for several years now.

2. Has your group identified any issues or concerns regarding the use of Haslam Lake and/or its watershed by yourselves or others? If yes, please describe briefly. a. Access is the BIG PROBLEM especially for aging arthritic paddlers (including many Baby Boomers) who need to be able to drive right up to the water. This is impossible to do for Haslam Slough. Access at the south end of the slough is blocked by a large area of floating logs. Further north the only other access requires a portage from the road where parking for two vehicles is half on the road. This access is also used by swimmers in summer. When paddlers use it, we have to paddle a short distance on the lake itself before turning into the slough. It would be REALLY HELPFUL if there were good road access to the slough especially as the water in it does not run back up into the lake.

3. Are you aware of any existing or potential sources of water contamination that might exist in the watershed due to historical, existing or future uses of the land or lake? If yes, please describe briefly. a. 99% of paddlers are responsible enough to pack their garbage out. Keep powerboats away as they aren’t.

02/03/2006 Copy of Email

4. Can you suggest any measures that, in your estimation, could/should be examined or taken to protect the quality and quantity of water in Haslam Lake as a source of raw water for the community's supply? If yes, please describe briefly. a. Stop the logging round the lake.

5. Can you recommend any other individuals or groups that you think we should contact for additional information? (If they have e-mail, please forward this message to them with a copy to us.) a. For details of the paddles on Haslam Lake and the surrounding area read my book Sea Kayak Desolation Sound and the Sunshine Coast by Heather Harbord. Rocky Mountain Books, 2005. ISBN 1-894765-53-2. Page 109

02/03/2006 COPY OF EMAIL

Alan Whitehead

From: Mike Leahy [[email protected]] Sent: October 26, 2005 7:48 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Haslam Lake Watershed

Re. your email message inviting input about the Haslam Lake watershed:

First of all, I am surprised and disappointed that this survey was not sent to the very people who use Haslam Lake for their source of water, namely, Westview residents and Cranberry Lake residents. Whether you know it or not, the majority of Powell River citizens reside in Westview.

Next, I would like to emphasize the point that the entire watershed should have very restricted access, especially right near the lake. This would be in keeping with regulations that places such as the GRVD have put in place. The danger of contamination of our precious drinking water is too great a risk on shoddy protection measures.

I will mention that I am a frequent hiker in most areas surrounding Powell River, but I would not hesitate to stay away from the immediate watershed area. Commercial and recreational users must be restricted from damaging or polluting this area. I would suggest a sufficient treed buffer zone be maintained around the lake, especially near the intake pipes.

The bottom line is this: clean water is our most precious natural resource. We should protect it at all cost. I think examples of carelessness in Ontario are an indication of the inherent dangers if we are not vigilant.

I hope this helps in your deliberations.

Mike Leahy

1 COPY OF EMAIL

Alan Whitehead

From: Eagle Walz [[email protected]] Sent: October 30, 2005 8:32 AM To: Alan Whitehead Cc: prpaws Subject: Fw: Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment

Dear Alan,

Thank you for providing an opportunity to respond. The following answers below contain information that has been brought to our attention over the years. It may be complemented by individuals writing to you as well.

Thank you again.

Eagle Walz President, PRPAWS

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

1. Does your group have an interest in Haslam Lake or the lands that drain into it (i.e. its watershed)? If yes, please describe briefly.

PRPAWS members use the Sunshine Coast Trail which circles the Haslam Watershed and enters into it in a number of places, mostly on the eastern side: Tinhat East, above the head of Haslam Lake; Elk Lake with a small, remote campsite.Granite Lake area with Elk Lake hiking loop - this is also used in the winter for snowshoeing and cross country skiing; Coyote Lake with campsite; Walt Hill, and Suicide Pass. Our paddlers and hikers use the head of Haslam and the islands (UREPs) to recreate. We like the new access road running along the eastern shore all the way to Fiddlehead Farm and beyond to Powell Lake. This is a safety issue in case someone needs to exit. It also provides vehicular access to the SCT in a variety of places, which is important for hikers section-hiking the SCT, needing to come off or on at the various sections. Our paddlers use the campsite at Larson's Landing, and the other stopping places up the lake, providing safe put-ins when a wind blows up. We also use all the trails in the Duck Lake Protected Area, and those adjacent to it, like the Far Side and Suicide Creek trails. This area is also popular with mountain bikers. Some of our members fish Lang Creek.

* * 2. Has your group identified any issues or concerns regarding the use of Haslam Lake and/or its watershed by yourselves or others? If yes, please describe briefly.

Starting in 1997 we participated in the creation of the Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) and requested 50m buffers along the lake shore. This was reduced to a narrow riparian reserve zone which, minimal as it is, isn't even being observed. Recently during a drive along the eastern shore we noticed a new cutblock toward the head of the lake where logging on a steep hillside went right down to the very edge of the lake.

* * 3. Are you aware of any existing or potential sources of water contamination that might exist in the watershed due to historical, existing or future uses of the land or lake? If yes, please describe briefly.

Logging that takes place along the shore, and along streams feeding the lake must have adequate buffers for protection - or else siltation, or worse, oil and gas will enter the water supply. About ten years ago BCFS decided to cut

1 COPY OF EMAIL off vehicular access to Granite Lake, a popular, decades-old recreation area, both during the summer and winter. BCFS was made aware of the fact that a bridge will have far less impact on the stream below (Washout Creek), than the ATVs and 4X4s that would inevitably open up the road again and drive right through the stream. The blockage created when the bridge was removed did not last very long. And now ATVs and 4X4s drive right through the stream, continuing to chew up the banks on either side and the stream bed, introducing who knows what to the water supply, and harming fish values. It would be far better to have a recreation bridge that would carry traffic over top of the creek, rather than through it. We request that a reonstruction occur in the future. The other creeks on the Granite Lake Road, but the last crossing was taken out. The volunteers in this community have the know-how and the skill to construct such a bridge that would meet the necessary standards and would likely be prepared to design and build one.

* * 4. Can you suggest any measures that, in your estimation, could/should be examined or taken to protect the quality and quantity of water in Haslam Lake as a source of raw water for the community's supply? If yes, please describe briefly.

Enlarge the buffer along the lake to a hard 50 m riparian reserve zone where no logging can take place, even logging of alders. The IWMP was written nearly ten years ago when attitudes toward protection of water values were less stringent than they are today. Further, since there are only one or two patches of old growth left (the others having been logged since the inception of the IWMP) we suggest a moratorium on logging the remaining old growth in the watershed.

* * 5. Can you recommend any other individuals or groups that you think we should contact for additional information? (If they have e-mail, please forward this message to them with a copy to us.)

Bomb Squad

* *

Any input you might be willing to provide, ideally by October 25th 2005, will be most appreciated. If you would prefer us to contact you directly by telephone, please let us know (we will be doing this anyway with groups for which no e-mail address was available).

Thank-you in advance for your response.

Yours truly,

Alan J. Whitehead, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. [email protected] Principal p.s. This e-mail has been sent to the following groups: Wildwood Ratepayers Townsite Ratepayers Association All Terrain Vehicle Club Powell River Parks and Wilderness Society

------Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd. R.R.1 CH-11 (621 Cates Hill Road) Bowen Island, B.C., Canada V0N 1G0 Tel: 604-947-0144 - Fax: 604-947-0141

2 COPY OF EMAIL

Alan Whitehead

From: Dave and Marg [[email protected]] Sent: October 23, 2005 8:28 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Fw: Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment

Importance: High

Allan: John Passek (PRATV) has requested that I forward the list of concerns. Being Secretary of the Powell River Rod and Gun , I will add their support for this email.

Dave Hodgins - (604) 485-2880

PS: I wish to be invited to any meeting with regards to this to represent the Rod & Gun and ATV members.

----- Original Message ----- From: "Dave and Marg" To: "John & Laura" Sent: Saturday, October 22, 2005 8:50 AM Subject: Re: Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment

> John: I'm not sure how you want a reply so I will put my comments > under > each of the Questions. That way you can either compile the responses in > order for submission. I assume you will forward them? > Dave and Marg Hodgins > > PS: We should attend any meetings with regards to this to present our > position. > > Subject: FW: Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment > > >> Hi All >> I was asked to pass this on to the club for comments. >> John >> >> >> Subject: Haslam Lake Watershed Assessment >> >> Hello, >> >> Our firm - Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd. - is completing >> an assessment of the Haslam Lake Watershed on behalf of the >> Corporation of the District of Powell River. We are working as a >> sub-consultant for Dayton & >> Knight Ltd. engineers, who are completing an assessment of the town's >> water >> supply and distribution system. The CDPR has identified your >> organization >> as a possible stakeholder in this watershed and has provided your name >> and >> contact information to us. >> >> In the interest of obtaining the broadest possible understanding of

1 COPY OF EMAIL >> the Haslam Lake watershed as a source of community water, we are >> taking this opportunity to invite your input. Specifically, we would >> be grateful if you could provide your comments on any or all of the >> following: >> >> 1. Does your group have an interest in Haslam Lake or the lands that >> drain into it (i.e. its watershed)? If yes, please describe briefly. > > The Powell River ATV Club is involved in the following activities: ATV > riding, Canoeing, Hiking, Fishing, Mushroom picking, Salal picking, Trail > building, Wildlife viewing and general family relaxation. > >> 2. Has your group identified any issues or concerns regarding the use >> of Haslam Lake and/or its watershed by yourselves or others? If yes, >> please describe briefly. > > Yes, Loss of access. As this is close to the town it provides quick > access > to this area and beyond for recreation. This is a main access route to > Powell Lake as well as the Lois lake areas. > > >> 3. Are you aware of any existing or potential sources of water >> contamination that might exist in the watershed due to historical, >> existing or future uses of the land or lake? If yes, please describe >> briefly. > > No, the only potential is the new practice of logging to within 10 > meters > of the edge of the lake. > > >> 4. Can you suggest any measures that, in your estimation, >> could/should be examined or taken to protect the quality and quantity >> of water in Haslam Lake as a source of raw water for the community's >> supply? If yes, please describe briefly. > > Continue with the current status. This area is being used, but due to > the > the types of uses, I see no likely hood of damage to the watershed. The > Powell River ATV group has in the past and current activities have been > respectfull of this environment. We have advocated ATV Naturewatch program > of Trail etiquette, crimes against nature, safety and the environment. As > well our group is carrying insurance. > >> 5. Can you recommend any other individuals or groups that you think >> we should contact for additional information? (If they have e-mail, >> please forward this message to them with a copy to us.) > > Bomb Squad, Hiking Club, Achery Club, Powell River Rod and Gun, and > Back > Country Horseman >> >> Any input you might be willing to provide, ideally by October 25th >> 2005, will be most appreciated. If you would prefer us to contact >> you directly by telephone, please let us know (we will be doing this >> anyway with groups for >> which no e-mail address was available). >> >> Thank-you in advance for your response. >> >> Yours truly, 2 COPY OF EMAIL >> >> Alan J. Whitehead, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. [email protected] >> Principal >> >> p.s. This e-mail [originally] sent to the following groups: Wildwood >> Ratepayers Townsite Ratepayers Association >> All Terrain Vehicle Club >> Powell River Parks and Wilderness Society >> >> ------>> Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd. >> R.R.1 CH-11 (621 Cates Hill Road) >> Bowen Island, B.C., Canada V0N 1G0 >> Tel: 604-947-0144 - Fax: 604-947-0141 >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >

3 Community Advisory Group to Stillwater Timberlands Cascadia C/O4695 Cascade Place Powell River, BC. V8A2X7

October 27,2005

Alan J. Whitehead, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. Whitehead Environmental Consultants Ltd. R.R. 1 CH-11 (62 1 Cates Hill Road) Bowen Island, BC. VON 1GO

Dear Mr. Whitehead,

Thank you for the opportunity to make comment during the Haslam Lake Watershed assessment. The Community Advisory Group to Stillwater Timberlands Cascadia (CAG) is in its 6m year and we are always more than happy to the give input on matters, which affect the local forests and the values within these forests. The CAG is a broad based community group with representatives from 16 sectors.

At the present time, although general forest issues are discussed at our table, Cascadia is interested in input on matters pertaining only to TFL 39 Block 1. Only a small portion of this touches the Haslam Lake Watershed. We feel the most effective way to make comment to you is to show you how the community identified its values in the CSA Sustainable Forest Management process. The values, although identified to Cascadia for TFL 39 Block 1 would be consistent for the entire Haslam Lake Watershed.

I have attached our 2004 Values, Goals and Indicator Wework following this letter for your perusal. This is a public document and also available on our website, www.castw.org. We will forward our 2005 Values to you when they are approved by our membership next month. I have also included a membership list for you to understand how far reaching our group is.

We have encouraged our membership to contact you personally or through their individual groups if they have any other comments for you. If you need clarification or further information from the Community Advisory Group, please don't hesitate to call me at 604-483-43 10 or email me at [email protected]

Jane Cameron, Chair Community Advisory Group to Stillwater Timberlands Cascadia HISTORIC TOWNSITE RATEPAYERS ASSOCIATION CONTACT: F. Andrew Davis, 5542 Maple Ave. V8A 4N5, Tel. 483-3174, email [email protected]

`Dear Alan:

Thank you for including the Townsite Ratepayers Association in your mail out for this survey. Also, I am very grateful for your extension of the deadline having been out of town for the month of October. I hope the following will be of some assistance to you.

(1) Powell River Townsite residents are very interested in the Haslam Lake – Duck Lake water systems including their respective watersheds. Interests focus chiefly on the simple fact that these watersheds are our source of drinking water and therefore the quantity and quality of our community water is extremely important. We have been reassured that our current water sources are excellent despite the continued finding of small traces of faecal coliforms requiring the need for disinfection. Another interest includes the use of the area as a recreational outlet for hikers, paddlers and bikers. For a few, sports fishing is important. And the PR salmon enhancement efforts is of great importance to the area.

(2) As you know this watershed has been under the jurisdiction of the Integrated Watershed Management Plan created in 1997. This received a broad-based level of input and it was chaired by the Regional District. As this survey has been initiated by the City of Powell River there is an expressed concern that there is a less than optimal working relationship between the Regional District and the City Council. I would hope that the Regional District has been asked to contribute input to you. Other concerns relate to local logging practices that have extended to the foreshore. Generous riparian zones around these two lakes have been lobbied for but they have been increasingly cut back. The future Community Forest is believed to be located in this area and that is of great concern to local residents, as are all logging practices in the area. Concerns have arisen around the development of more roads and their impact on water quality. More roads bring more people and then the added contamination by fossil fuels and human waste and garbage becomes an issue. Who will in fact have control over these watersheds in terms of governance of the quality of the water and the impact of negligent practices of a variety of forces? Concerns have been raised around the issue of who has the actual jurisdictional control of these lands i.e., Federal (DFO), Provincial (Crown Land with an adjacent Tree Farm Licence), Regional District, City of Powell River and First Nations (future Treaty Settlement Lands)?

(3) In the Integrated Watershed Management Plan the old Cranberry Dump and the Haslam Lake sawmill sites were potential contamination sites and roads adjacent to the lakes have a potential to foster increased foreshore use. Having these items identified in the past raise the question whether those issues have been dealt with. And it raises the question as to whether the IWMP has been more that just a policy document but a working paper. Most people were not familiar with the IWMP and there are a lot of new comers to the Townsite. I would submit that more public consultation and follow up would be useful.

(4) This question raises the importance of keeping the public informed of the status of our local water system. The public south of town has raised several issues about the quantity and quality of their water supply and the media coverage reported little substantive effort to address their issues. Wildwood obtains its water from Powell Lake but the recent OCP suggests that Wildwood may become connected to the Haslam Lake water system. Some individuals have suggested to maintain the Powell Lake connection and to re- connect the Hammill Lake watershed – broadening the source of our water in the whole area and allow for management of acute distastrous events that might interfere with the integrity of parts of it.

(5) No – by this time you have reached most of them. However, I would re-emphasize the need to include the Regional District.

In closing, I will add that during the past couple of years there has been a significant influx of people into the community who are interested in community values. I hope that governments will be awakened to the need of addressing their issues through open consultation.

Respectfully submitted,

Andrew Davis TSRPA President