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China, Oct 2003 China Country Report OCTOBER 2003 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM China, Oct 2003 CONTENTS 1. Scope of Document 1.1. - 1.4. 2. Geography 2.1. - 2.8. Geographical Area 2.1. - 2.2. Population 2.3. Naming Conventions 2.4. Languages 2.5 - 2.7 3. Economy 3.1. - 3.8. General Overview 3.1. [Detailed information Chinese Currency 3.2. on industrial unrest Economic Restructuring 3.2. - 3.4. and protest is Laid off State Workers 3.5. contained in Re-employment Initiatives 3.6. Extended Bulletin Crime and Corruption 3.7. - 3.8. 3/2003] Current Situation 3.9. 4. History 4.1. - 4.16. Revolutionary China 1949-66 4.1. - 4.2. The Cultural Revolution 1966-76 4.3. - 4.5. Economic Reform 1978-89 4.6. - 4.9. Tiananmen Square 1989 4.10. - 4.12. Post-Tiananmen Square 4.13. - 4.14. Current Situation Overview 4.15. 5. State Structures 5.1. - 4.68. The Constitution 5.1 - 5.2. Citizenship and Nationality 5.3. The Political System 5.4. - 5.6 Grassroots Political Activity in China 5.8. - 5.10. Village Committee (VC) System 5.11. - 5.12. Neighbourhood Committees 5.13. Democracy and Representation in China 5.14. Judiciary 5.15. - 5.20. [Detailed information Legal Rights / Detention 5.21. - 5.26. on the legal system State Compensation Law 5.27. - 5.31. is contained in Land Law 5.32 Extended Bulletins Death Penalty 5.33 1/2003 and 2/2003] Internal Security 5.34. - 5.35. Community Policing 5.36. - 5.38. Terrorism 5.39. - 5.43. Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.44. - 5.50 The Prison System 5.44. - 5.46. Re-education through Labour 5.47. - 5.49. Psychiatric Institutions 5.50 The Military 5.51. - 5.56. Conscientious Objectors and Deserters 5.53. - 5.56. Medical Services 5.57. - 5.71 General Information 5.57. Current Situation (referring to SARS) 5.58. - 5.61 Rural Healthcare 5.62. - 5. 64 Urban Healthcare 5.65. - 5. 66 Health Insurance 5.67. Pharmaceutical Products 5.68. - 5.70 Medical Profession and Associated 5.71. Organisations Healthcare: Specific Conditions 5.72. - 5.88 HIV / AIDS 5.72. - 5.74. Wenlou Village Scandal 5.75. - 5.76. Treatment and Strategies 5.72. - 5.77. China, Oct 2003 Tuberculosis 5.78. - 5.79 Mental Illness 5.80. - 5.84 Heart Transplants 5.85. Organ Removal 5.86. People with Disabilities 5.87. 5.88 Educational System 5.89. - 5.90. Social societies in China 5.91. - 5.93. 6.A Human Rights Issues 6.1. Overview 6.1. - 6.5. Torture 6.6. - 6.10. Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.11. - 6.20. Journalists 6.21. - 6.22. Freedom of Religion 6.23. - 6.28. The Role of Religion in the State 6.29. - 6.33. Religious Groups 6.34. Christians 6.34. - 6.73. General Information 6.34. - 6.37. Protestant Christians 6.38. - 6.44. Catholic Christians 6.45. - 6.53. Minor Christian Influenced Groups 6.54. General Background 6.54 - 6.55. The Shouters (Huhan Pai) 6.56. - 6.59. Born Again Movement (Cong Sheng) 6.60. - 6.63. The Blood and Water Holy Spirit 6.64. Spirit Church (Lingling Jiao) 6.65. Wilderness Narrow Door (Kuangye 6.66. Zhaimen) Disciples Association (Mentu Hui) 6.67. Oriental Lightning (Dongfang Shandian) 6.68. - 6.69. Elijah Church (Yiliya Jiao) 6.70. Fangcheng Church 6.71. South China Church 6.72. - 6.73. Sects 6.74. - 6.75. Falun Gong 6.76. - 6.125. [Detailed information Overview 6.76. - 6.79. on cults is contained Beliefs and Practices 6.80. - 6.84. in Revolution of the Overview of Organisation 6.85. - 6.93. Wheel 2nd edition Key Events 6.94. Nov 2002] Demonstrations 6.95. - 6.97. Arrests 6.98. - 6.103. Trials and Sentences 6.104. - 6.106. Prison Camps, Torture and Deaths in 6.107. - 6.109. Custody Other Unregistered qigong Groups 6.110. - 6.116. Asylum Cases 6.117. - 6.120. Update: April to September 2002 6.121. Update: October 2002 to March 2003 6.122. Update: April to September 2003 6.123 - 6.125. Muslims 6.126. Numbers 6.126. - 6.127. Identity 6.128. - 6.130. Practice and Levels of Commitment 6.131. - 6.137. Buddhists 6.38. - 6.144. Numbers 6.140. - 6.141. Tian Dao 6.142. - 6.144. Taoists 6.145. Beliefs and Practices 6.145. - 6.146. Numbers 6.147. China, Oct 2003 Taoism in Modern China 6.148. - 6.150. Religious Activity in Fujian Province 6.151. Other Unregistered Religious Groups 6.152. - 6.155. Freedom of Assembly and Association 6.156. - 6.157. Employment Rights 6.158. - 6.162. Political Activists 6.163. - 6.167. Dissident Organisations 6.168. - 6.170. China Democratic Party 6.171. - 6.179. People Trafficking 6.180. - 6.187. [Detailed information Snakeheads (people traffickers) 6.181. - 6.183. on migration and the The Profile of Claimants 6.184. - 6.185. activities of The Treatment of Returnees 6.186. - 6.187. snakeheads is Other Migration Issues 6.188. - 6.189. contained in Freedom of Movement 6.190. - 6.214. Extended Bulletin Current Situation 6.190. - 6.192. 5/2003] Registration Card (hukou) 6.193. - 6.197. Hukou Conversion 6.198. - 6.200. Hukou Reform 6.201. - 6.203. Temporary Residence Certificate 6.204. - 6.205. Citizen Identity Card 6.206. - 6.208. Residency Permits 6.209. - 6.210. Employment Records 6.211. The Sale of ‘blue seal’ hukou Status 6.212. The Floating Population 6.213. - 6.214. 6.B Human Rights - Specific Groups 6.215. Ethnic Minorities 6.215. - 6.216. Ethnic Minorities (specific groups) 6.217. - Zhuang / Chuang 6.217. - 6.218. Hui (Huihui) 6.219. - 6.221. Miao (Hmong) 6.222. Manchu 6.223. - 6224. Yi (Lolo) 6.225. - 6226. Tujia 6.227. Mongols 6.228. - 6231. Uighurs (Ughurs) 6.232. - 6.249. History 6.232. - 6.235. Han Migration 6.236. - 6.238. The Rise of Nationalism 6.239. - 6.249. Koreans 6.250. North Koreans 6.251.- 6.254 She 6.255. - 6.256. Uzbeks 6.257. - 6.258. Tibetans 6.259. - 6.325. [Detailed information Summary 6.259. - 6.261. on Tibet is contained Definition of Tibet 6.262. - 6.264. in Extended Bulletin Brief History and Geography of Tibet 6.265. - 6.270. 3/2002] Current Conditions within Tibetan (TAR) 6.271. - 6.302. Education 6.271. - 6.273. Women 6.274. - 6.275. Children 6.276. - 6.278. Healthcare 6.279. - 6.281. Cultural Rights 6.282. - 6.284. Current Issues 6.285. - 6.288. The Lamas 6.289. - 6.296. Demonstrations and Protest 6.297. Arrest, Detention and Prison 6.298. - 6.302. Conditions China, Oct 2003 Tibetan Refugees 6.303. 6.325. Documentation in Tibet 6.303. - 6.304. Exiting Tibet 6.305. - 6.307. Movement outside Tibet 6.308. Tibetan Diaspora 6.309. Nepal 6.310. - 6.313. Bhutan 6.314. India 6.315. - 6.319. The Tibetan Government in Exile 6.320. - 6.324. UK Tibetan Issues 6.325. Women 6.326. 6.336. Summary 6.326. Abduction 6.327. - 6.329. Marriage 6.330. - 6332. Divorce 6.333. All China Women's Federation 6.334. - 6.336. [Detailed information Family Planning Policies ("One Child 6.337. 6.362. on Birth Control Policy") Policies is contained Policy 6.337. - 6.342. in Extended Bulletin Implementation of Policy 6.343. - 6.349. 5/2002] Documentation 6.350. Actual Implementation and Practice 6.351. Fujian Province 6.352. - 6.358. Female Infanticide 6.359. - 6.361. "Black Children" 6.362. Children 6.363. Child Care Arrangements 6.364. - 6.370. Adoption 6.371. - 6.372. Homosexuals 6.373. - 6.376. 6.C Human Rights - Other Issues 6. 377. International Relations (including 6.377. Taiwan) Other Countries in Relation to Human 6.377. - 6.378. Rights Issues Relations with Taiwan (ROC) 6.379. - 6.388. Hong Kong Special Autonomous Region 6.389. - 6.399. Background 6.389. Current Situation 6.390. - 6.392. Elections 6.393. Dissidence in Hong Kong 6.394. - 6.397. Mainland-born Children 6.398. Vietnamese Boat People 6.399. Macao Special Autonomous Region 6.400. - 6.401. Local Officials (within PRC) 6.402. - 6.404. Annex A: Chronology of Events Annex B: Political Organisations Annex C: Prominent People Annex D: Glossaries Glossary 1 - Chinese Terms Glossary 2 - English Terms Glossary 3 - Tibetan Terms Annex E: Checklist of China information produced by CIPU Annex F: References to Source Material China, Oct 2003 1. Scope of the Document 1.1. This report has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2. The report has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3. The report is referenced throughout. It is intended for use by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4. It is intended to revise the reports on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. [Jump to overview of human rights situation] 2.
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