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Hong Kong SAR
China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com. -
Elite Politics and the Fourth Generation of Chinese Leadership
Elite Politics and the Fourth Generation of Chinese Leadership ZHENG YONGNIAN & LYE LIANG FOOK* The personnel reshuffle at the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is widely regarded as the first smooth and peaceful transition of power in the Party’s history. Some China observers have even argued that China’s political succession has been institutionalized. While this paper recognizes that the Congress may provide the most obvious manifestation of the institutionalization of political succession, this does not necessarily mean that the informal nature of politics is no longer important. Instead, the paper contends that Chinese political succession continues to be dictated by the rule of man although institutionalization may have conditioned such a process. Jiang Zemin has succeeded in securing a legacy for himself with his “Three Represents” theory and in putting his own men in key positions of the Party and government. All these present challenges to Hu Jintao, Jiang’s successor. Although not new to politics, Hu would have to tread cautiously if he is to succeed in consolidating power. INTRODUCTION Although the 16th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Congress ended almost a year ago, the outcomes and implications of the Congress continue to grip the attention of China watchers, including government leaders and officials, academics and businessmen. One of the most significant outcomes of the Congress, convened in Beijing from November 8-14, 2002, was that it marked the first ever smooth and peaceful transition of power since the Party was formed more than 80 years ago.1 Neither Mao Zedong nor Deng Xiaoping, despite their impeccable revolutionary credentials, successfully transferred power to their chosen successors. -
Falun Gong in the United States: an Ethnographic Study Noah Porter University of South Florida
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 7-18-2003 Falun Gong in the United States: An Ethnographic Study Noah Porter University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Porter, Noah, "Falun Gong in the United States: An Ethnographic Study" (2003). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1451 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FALUN GONG IN THE UNITED STATES: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY by NOAH PORTER A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: S. Elizabeth Bird, Ph.D. Michael Angrosino, Ph.D. Kevin Yelvington, Ph.D. Date of Approval: July 18, 2003 Keywords: falungong, human rights, media, religion, China © Copyright 2003, Noah Porter TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................... -
Crisis and Governance: Sars and the Resilience of the Chinese Body Politic
CRISIS AND GOVERNANCE: SARS AND THE RESILIENCE OF THE CHINESE BODY POLITIC Patricia M. Thornton How crisis-prone is the reform-era Chinese state? Recent scholarly contributions yield no shortage of dire predictions, ranging from the regime’s imminent collapse 1 to the steady deterioration of the state’s extractive capacities due to persistent bureaucratic corruption and inefficiency.2 Lurking behind the “glitzy skylines of Shanghai, Beijing and other coastal cities”, Minxin Pei finds “a hidden crisis of governance” provoked by a range of pathologies, including élite cynicism and mass disenchantment due to deteriorating government performance.3 Bruce Gilley recently described a political system on the cusp of impending breakdown following the élite consolidation of power that began in 1994, the latest iteration of four such cycles that have unfolded since 1949. Gilley predicts that, driven by the inherently volatile “logic of concentrated power” and barring democratic breakthrough, the current leadership will probably rely on Party purges and increased social repression to maintain control, setting off periodic waves of crisis and consolidation into the foreseeable future.4 1 Jack A. Goldstone, “The Coming Chinese Collapse”, Foreign Policy, No. 99 (June 1995), pp 35-52; Gordon Chang, The Coming Collapse of China (New York: Random House. 2001). 2 Wang Shaoguang and Hu Angang, The Chinese Economy in Crisis: State Capacity and Tax Reform (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 2001). 3 Minxin Pei, “China’s Governance Crisis: More than Musical Chairs”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 81, No. 5 (September–October 2002), pp. 96-109; on China’s “governance crisis”, see also Shaoguang Wang, “The Problem of State Weakness”, Journal of Democracy, Vol. -
A Lamp Illuminating the Path to Liberation 2Nd
A Lamp Illuminating the Path to Liberation An Explanation of Essential Topics for Dharma Students By Khenpo Gyaltsen Translated by Lhasey Lotsawa Translations ❁ A Lamp Illuminating the Path to Liberation An Explanation of Essential Topics for Dharma Students By Khenpo Gyaltsen ❁ Contents Foreword i 1. The Reasons for Practicing Buddhadharma 1 2. The Benefits of Practicing the Buddhadharma 4 3. The Way the Teacher Expounds the Dharma 7 4. The Way the Student Listens to the Dharma 10 5. Faith ~ the Root of All Dharma 16 6. Refuge ~ the Gateway to the Doctrine 20 7. Compassion ~ the Essence of the Path 34 8. The Four Seals ~ the Hallmark of the 39 Buddhadharma and the Essence of the Path 9. A Brief Explanation of Cause & Effect 54 10. The Ethics of the Ten Virtues and Ten Non-virtues 58 11. The Difference Between the One-day Vow and the 62 Fasting Vow 12. The Benefits of Constructing the Three 68 Representations of Enlightened Body, Speech, and Mind 13. How to Make Mandala Offerings to Gather the 74 Accumulations, and their Benefits 14. How to Make Water Offerings, and their Benefits 86 15. Butter Lamp Offerings and their Benefits 93 16. The Benefits of Offering Things such as Parasols 98 and Flowers 17. The Method of Prostrating and its Benefits 106 18. How to Make Circumambulations and their 114 Benefits 19. The Dharani Mantra of Buddha Shakyamuni: How 121 to Visualize and its Benefits 20. The Stages of Visualization of the Mani Mantra, 127 and its Benefits 21. The Significance of the Mani Wheel 133 22. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
The Mishu Phenomenon: Patron-Client Ties and Coalition-Building Tactics
Li, China Leadership Monitor No.4 The Mishu Phenomenon: Patron-Client Ties and Coalition-Building Tactics Cheng Li China’s ongoing political succession has been filled with paradoxes. Jockeying for power among various factions has been fervent and protracted, but the power struggle has not led to a systemic crisis as it did during the reigns of Mao and Deng. While nepotism and favoritism in elite recruitment have become prevalent, educational credentials and technical expertise are also essential. Regional representation has gained importance in the selection of Central Committee members, but leaders who come from coastal regions will likely dominate the new Politburo. Regulations such as term limits and an age requirement for retirement have been implemented at various levels of the Chinese leadership, but these rules and norms will perhaps not restrain the power of Jiang Zemin, the 76-year-old “new paramount leader.” While the military’s influence on political succession has declined during the past decade, the Central Military Commission is still very powerful. Not surprisingly, these paradoxical developments have led students of Chinese politics to reach contrasting assessments of the nature of this political succession, the competence of the new leadership, and the implications of these factors for China’s future. This diversity of views is particularly evident regarding the ubiquitous role of mishu in the Chinese leadership. The term mishu, which literally means “secretary” in Chinese, refers to a range of people who differ significantly from each other in terms of the functions they fulfill, the leadership bodies they serve, and the responsibilities given to them. -
CHAPTER 6: Governance and Order in a Networked World
6 GOVERNANCE AND ORDER IN A NETWORKED WORLD Niall Ferguson “ s the world slouching toward a grave systemic crisis?” asked the his- Itorian Philip Zelikow at the annual gathering of the Aspen Strategy Group earlier this summer, the kind of “deep system- wide crisis . when people all over the world no longer think the old order work[s].” Among the reasons he gave for anticipating such a crisis was “the digital revolution and the rise of a networked world.” To grasp the scale and nature of this coming crisis, we must begin by recognizing how drasti- cally the balance of power has shift ed in our time from hierarchically ordered empires and superpowers (the euphemism for empire developed to suit American and Soviet sensibilities) to distributed networks. To be sure, the formal “org. chart” of global power is still dominated by the vertically structured super- polities that gradually evolved out of the republics and monarchies of early modern Europe, the colonies they established in the New World, and the older empires of Asia. Th ough not the most populous nation in the world, the United States is certainly the world’s most powerful state, despite—or perhaps because of—the peculiarities of its political system. Its nearest rival, the People’s Republic of China, is usually seen as a profoundly diff erent kind of state, for while the United States has two major parties, the People’s Republic has one, and only one. Th e US government is founded on the separation 159 119106-Shultz_BeyondDisruption.indd9106-Shultz_BeyondDisruption.indd 159159 33/23/18/23/18 77:12:12 PMPM 160 Niall Ferguson of powers, not least the independence of its judiciary; the PRC subordi- nates all other institutions, including the courts, to the dictates of the Communist Party. -
Chinese Politics in the Xi Jingping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership
CHAPTER 1 Governance Collective Leadership Revisited Th ings don’t have to be or look identical in order to be balanced or equal. ڄ Maya Lin — his book examines how the structure and dynamics of the leadership of Tthe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have evolved in response to the chal- lenges the party has confronted since the late 1990s. Th is study pays special attention to the issue of leadership se lection and composition, which is a per- petual concern in Chinese politics. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, this volume assesses the changing nature of elite recruitment, the generational attributes of the leadership, the checks and balances between competing po liti cal co ali tions or factions, the behavioral patterns and insti- tutional constraints of heavyweight politicians in the collective leadership, and the interplay between elite politics and broad changes in Chinese society. Th is study also links new trends in elite politics to emerging currents within the Chinese intellectual discourse on the tension between strongman politics and collective leadership and its implications for po liti cal reforms. A systematic analy sis of these developments— and some seeming contradictions— will help shed valuable light on how the world’s most populous country will be governed in the remaining years of the Xi Jinping era and beyond. Th is study argues that the survival of the CCP regime in the wake of major po liti cal crises such as the Bo Xilai episode and rampant offi cial cor- ruption is not due to “authoritarian resilience”— the capacity of the Chinese communist system to resist po liti cal and institutional changes—as some foreign China analysts have theorized. -
Volume 2, Issue 1 January—February 2018
The Journal of CESNUR $ Volume 2, Issue 1 January—February 2018 $ The Journal of CESNUR $ Director-in-Charge | Direttore responsabile Marco Respinti Editor-in-Chief | Direttore Massimo Introvigne Center for Studies on New Religions, Turin, Italy Associate Editor | Vicedirettore PierLuigi Zoccatelli Pontifical Salesian University, Turin, Italy Editorial Board / International Consultants Milda Ališauskienė Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Eileen Barker London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom Luigi Berzano University of Turin, Turin, Italy Antoine Faivre École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France Holly Folk Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA Liselotte Frisk Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden J. Gordon Melton Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA Susan Palmer McGill University, Montreal, Canada Stefania Palmisano University of Turin, Turin, Italy Bernadette Rigal-Cellard Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Bordeaux, France Instructions for Authors and submission guidelines can be found on our website at www.cesnur.net. ISSN: 2532-2990 The Journal of CESNUR is published bi-monthly by CESNUR (Center for Studies on New Religions), Via Confienza 19, 10121 Torino, Italy. $ The Journal of CESNUR $ Volume 2, Issue 1, January—February 2018 Contents Articles 3 Anti-Cult Campaigns in China and the Case of The Church of Almighty God: An Introduction PierLuigi Zoccatelli 13 Xie Jiao as “Criminal Religious Movements”: A New Look at Cult Controversies in China and Around the World Massimo Introvigne 33 The List: -
China (Includes Hong Kong and Macau) Page 1 of 60 China
China (includes Hong Kong and Macau) Page 1 of 60 China (includes Hong Kong and Macau) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001 (Note: Also see the report for Hong Kong and the report for Macau.) The People's Republic of China (PRC) is an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the paramount source of power. At the national and regional levels, Party members hold almost all top government, police, and military positions. Ultimate authority rests with members of the Politburo. Leaders stress the need to maintain stability and social order and are committed to perpetuating the rule of the CCP and its hierarchy. Citizens lack both the freedom peacefully to express organized opposition to the Party-led political system and the right to change their national leaders or form of Government. Socialism continues to provide the theoretical underpinning of Chinese politics, but Marxist ideology has given way to economic pragmatism in recent years, and economic decentralization has increased the authority of regional officials. The Party's authority rests primarily on the Government's ability to maintain social stability, appeals to nationalism and patriotism, Party control of personnel, media, and the security apparatus, and the continued improvement in the living standards of most of the country's almost 1.3 billion citizens. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, in practice the Government and the CCP, at both the central and local levels, frequently interfere in the judicial process, and the Party and the Government direct verdicts in many high-profile political cases. -
Him Mark Lai Container List.Docx
Finding Aid to the Him Mark Lai research files, additions, 1834-2009 (bulk 1970-2008) Collection number: AAS ARC 2010/1 Ethnic Studies Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Funding for processing this collection was provided by Mrs. Laura Lai. Date Completed: June 2014 Finding Aid Written By: Dongyi (Helen) Qi, Haochen (Daniel) Shan, Shuyu (Clarissa) Lu, and Janice Otani. © 2014 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. COLLECTION SUMMARY Collection Title: Him Mark Lai research files, additions, 1834-2009 (bulk 1970-2008) Collection Number: AAS ARC 2010/1 Creator: Lai, H. Mark Extent: 95 Cartons, 33 Boxes, 7 Oversize Folders; (131.22 linear feet) Repository: Ethnic Studies Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-2360 Phone: (510) 643-1234 Fax: (510) 643-8433 Email: [email protected] Abstract: The research files are a continuation of (AAS ARC 2000/80) Him Mark Lai’s collected sources, along with his own writings and professional activity materials that relate to the history, communities, and organizations of Chinese Americans and Chinese overseas. The collection is divided into four series: Research Files, including general subjects, people, and organizations; Writings, including books, articles and indexes; Professional activities, primarily including teaching lectures, Chinese Community Hour program tapes, In Search of Roots program materials, consultation projects, interviews with Chinese Americans, conference and community events; Personal, including memorial tributes; correspondence, photographs, and slides of family and friends. The collection consists of manuscripts, papers, drafts, indexes, correspondence, organization records, reports, legal documents, yearbooks, announcements, articles, newspaper samples, newspaper clippings, publications, photographs, slides, maps, and audio tapes.