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In the College of Education, of The The peoples--the Spaniards, the Indians, the Americans--and nature in the literature of Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Boyer, Mary G. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 11:02:08 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316269 The Peoples - the Spaniards, the Indians, the Americans - and Nature in the Literature of Arizona by Mary G. Boyer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the College of Education, of the University of Arizona 1 9 3 0 llluiurrstty of a1rilona MEMORANDUM FROM: TO, J):" .�� SUBJECT: DATE: SIGNED: FORM A E9� '11 /?:::J CONTENT Page I. Introduction ...•........•...•.•.•.•.••••••...••••. 1 • • II. Pe e s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• op l , • • • • • 2 . • 1. The Spaniards . • . • • • . • . • .• 2 a. Coronado and the conquistadores ••....•..••.•.. 2 Winship's account of the march Conrard's poem of the entrada Dodge's poem expressing effect on the Indians La Farge's reference to their horses b. Missionaries .•....•....•.••.•••.....•••••••••• 9 Dodge's influence of Tumacacori Conrard's religious fervor of San Xavier Forbes's influence on tourists today c. Spanish-Indian-American Mixture •.........••..• 11 Robinson's The Witchery of Rita - customs, religion, and superstitions Garces' reference to the acequias Coudert's washing in the irrigatiori ditches Bushby's Spanish dance :McClintock's description of Tucson Conrard's In Old Tucson Hall's In Old Tucson Dovre's roll of Mexican school children 2. The Indians •••...••.....•..•.....•...•.•....••.. 20 a. Kino's writings of the Indians ....••..•...••• 20 Affability of those at San Xavier Amusements of the Indians His teaching them horse-racing His comments on their religious beliefs b. Others' beliefs and customs •...........••...• 22 Opa nation's story of creation Moqui or Hopi nation Kino's religious interest in them Garces' description of life at Oraibi Hair of the Indian Kino. found hair used in religious ceremony Garces wrote of the squash-blossom coiffure Conrard's poem - A Hopi Pastoral - uses the coiffure c. Sending the Indian to school •••....••••.••.••• 25 Kino sent them as punishment Ryan gives the attitude of the Hopi toward school and religion La Farge gives the attitude of the Navajo d. Hughston's expression of the influence of San Xavie� in the Papago nation today ••••.•••••• 28 n A 12.19!/ . 80� Page e. Indian \11arfare. • • • . • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • •• 28 Kino's findings Robinson lays the vengeance of Cochise at the door of the United States Pumpelly's adventures with the Apaches Other publications with warfare as basis 3. The Arne ricans. • . • • • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • . •• 33 a. The cowboy •.••.••••.•.••.•.••••••••.••.••.•• ·• 33 Clark's the riding of the cowboy Coburn's novel and other writings b. The sheepherder •••.•.•.••••••••.•••.•.••••••• 36 Barnes's Dummy - sheep saved in a snow storm c. The homesteader •.•••.•.••••••...•••.•..•••••• 37 Carr's meager home Barnes's Stutterin' Andy - hardships of the life of the homesteader d. The uurie.r ••••••••..•••••••..••••••••••••••••• 38 Kino's mine s Hoffman's The Prospector Lowdermilk's freighter Industry of mining Books on mining centers " e • Military life •.••••••••••• •.••••.•••••••••••• 42 O'Neill's story of the passing of the drum corps Books from the woman's point of view f. The lvfo rmons • . • . • • • . • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • . • • • •• 45 Immortal road of the Mo�mon Battalion Dellenbaugh's praise of the clean communi ties of the l�!ormons g • .Adventurers •.••.•••••••.••••••....••• 4! • • • • • •• 46 Mention of Patties as trappers Oatman girls' experience as captives The Red Baron claims Arizona as heir ·to the Peralta grant h. Politicians •••..••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••• 46 Robinson's The Man from Yesterday Fennell's The lImn the People Chose i. The bad men... • • . • . • • • . • • • • . • . • . • • •• 47 Nieve's Early Days in Arizona - bad men Rose's Billy Brazelton - Arizona's highwayman Hall's The Mercy of Na-chis - the gambler 'Hall's The Sguaw Man j. Pioneers..................................... 50 Vfuite's The Old Frontiersman O'Hara's The Pioneer k. People of today ••••••••••• � ••••••••.••••••••• 52 Richardson's airpilot ii Page Gilchrist's the sick Lloyd's the out-of-door sleeper III • Nature ••••••..•.•••••••..•.••...•..•• '. • • . •• 56 1. Th e c Ii rna t e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 5 6 Kino's comments Brown's History of Arizona - gives the devil as the maker Stabler's It Is Unusual 2. The Rains........................................ 58 Clark's The Rains - joy at coming of rains Bisby's The Torrent - destructive force of torrent 3. The SnoV'/ ·.••.••.......•..••••• 60 Lloyd's San Francisco Mountain - beauty and purity Barnes's Lost in the Petrified Forest - frozen in the cold 4. The Sand and the Sand Storms •...•••••••••••••••• 63 Bolton tells of Kino's Camino del Diablo Kino tells of stretches of sand Kino tells of a sand storm Downing's Song of the Sand Storm Van Dyke's sand whirls Writers' use of sand storms in story and novel 5. The Desert ••••••.••••••••••••..••••••••••••••••• 65 Van Dyke's account of survival on the desert Everett's poem on the desert's calmness RocKwood's feeling of the desert mother Dick Wick Hall's The Salome Sun - satire on desert living 6. Desert Grov/th ••••••.•••.•••.•••••••••••••••••••• 68 Robinson's Desert Plant Pioneers - Trees and Shrubs Pattie's description of the giant cacti RaIl's The Desert Queen - the saguara Stabler's Origin of the Giant Cacti Stabler's How the Flowers get their Color 7. The :pines •••••••••.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 70 01.: Conrard's The Songfthe Pines Conrard's lullaby from the mother pine 8. Animal Life..................................... 72 Young's The Desert Mourner - the coyote Last's The l�iourning Dove McCluskey's The Red Winged Blackbird Pattie's description of the wild hog Douglas's The Gila Monster Wallace'S use of the rattlesnalce in. her novel The Lure of the West Donovan's The Burrow iii Page Barnes's Camel Buntin' and other books dealing with animal and plant life 9� Natural Wonders ••••••••••••.•••••.•.••• � .••••••• 80 Garces' account of the Colorado and Cataract Canyon Garces' account of the Little Colorado Garces' account of the floods of the river Hall's The Song of the Colorado - the sweep and power of the river Lloyd's The-urand Canyon Conrard's The Grand Canyon Thompson's The Legend of Rock Johnston's In the Desert Shi�of laiting - legend of Camelback l.lountain Other interpretations of Camelback Hoom-a-thy-a's The Legend of Superstition Mountain Windes finds God in all nature Conrard's love for his garden of wild flowers Stabler expresses the spirit of Arizona IV. Conclus ion. • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • . • • • • • • • • •• 94 Bibl i ography. • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • .. 99 iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Introduction The purpose of this thesis is to give an inSight into 'the literature written about Arizona - her peoples - the Spaniards, the Indians, the Americans - and her nature. The Spanish occupancy gave an insight into the vast deserts and rivers and mountains. With the natives found _, here, the Spaniards lived and mixed, and from them developed a group of people whose influences still are the under- " stratum of society. Of the Indians m�ch has been written. Even though their prehistoric dewllings and civilization were eliminated, much has been given of the various tribes, their habits, customs, beliefs, hatreds, and superstitions. Coming soon after the- Spaniards were the Americans. They entered all fields of work; and, a.lthough many were not a credit to the civilities and niceties of society, they were, nevertheless, the pioneer-breakers and the forerunners of the present civilization. Along with the interest in the peoples of the state comes a deep, significant interest in nature. Nature, in all her climatic and temperamental attitudes, in her peculiar growths of the soil, in her animal kingdom, and in her geographic wonders, has been the inspiration and theme of many, many literary productions. CHAPTER II THE PEOPLES The Spaniards Coronado and the Conquistadores The first people from whom an insight into Arizona is gained, are the Spaniards. Coronado and his conquistadores made the first entrada. George P. Winship, after translating Casteneda's account of the journey, tells, in his ovm Story of Coronado, of the splendor and brilliancy of the beginning of the march. "A month before (April 28, 1540) the army passed in review before the Viceroy Mendoza, led by his chosen commander, Francisco Vasquez Coronado. Escorting their chief, rode the young cavaliers just over from Spain, curbing the picked horses from the well-stocked ranches of the viceroy, each resplendent in long blankets flowing to the ground. More than two hundred horsemen held each his. lance erect, while sword and other weapons hung at his side. Some were arrayed in coats of mail, polished to shine like those of their general, whose gilded armor was to bring him many hard knocks a few months later. Others,
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