Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies University of San Diego Breaking Barriers FINAL REPORT Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice 2012 2012 & Justice Peace Institute for Kroc Breaking Barriers FINAL REPORT Joan B. Final Report What it will take to achieve SECURITY JUSTICE PEACE An international conference of peacebuilders held in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of the Women PeaceMakers Program The Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice (IPJ), at the University of San Diego’s Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, is dedicated to fostering peace, cultivating justice and creating a safer world. Since 2000, the IPJ has worked to build peace with justice by strengthening women peacemakers, youth leaders and human rights defenders, and developing innovative Author: Laura K. Taylor approaches to peacebuilding. Editor: Emiko Noma The NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security advocates for the equal and full participation of women in all efforts to create and maintain international peace and security. It is the mission of Nobel Women’s Initiative to work together as women Nobel Peace Prize Table of Contents Laureates to use the visibility and prestige of the Nobel prize to promote, spotlight and amplify the work of women’s rights activists, researchers and organizations worldwide 2 Introduction addressing the root causes of violence. 3 SECTION I: Security 4 / Panel Discussion 6 / Working Session Summaries 10 / Testimonies on Security Grounded in the vision of equality enshrined in the U.N. Charter, UN Women works for 15 SECTION II: Justice the elimination of discrimination against women and girls, the empowerment of women, 16 / Panel Discussion and the achievement of equality between women and men. 19 / Working Session Summaries 21 / Testimonies on Justice 24 SECTION III: Peacebuilding 25 / Panel Discussion 27 / Working Session Summaries The Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice is an international women’s 29/ Testimony on Peacebuilding human rights organization that advocates for gender justice through the International Criminal Court (ICC) and through domestic 32 SECTION IV: Distinguished Speakers Synthesize mechanisms, including peace negotiations and justice processes. Security, Justice, Peacebuilding 35 SECTION V: Final Statement and Recommendations 38 SECTION VI: Appendices 38 / Biographies of Speakers The mission of the Women’s Learning Partnership (WLP) is to advance communication 41 / Biographies of Women PeaceMakers and cooperation among and between the women of the world in order to protect 45 / Biographies of Conference Staff human rights, facilitate sustainable development and promote peace. 46 / List of Delegates World Pulse is an action media network powered by women from 190 countries. Our mission is to lift and unite women’s voices to accelerate their impact for the world. Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice 1 Deputy Director By Dee Aker, SECURITY Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Program Officer, Women PeaceMakers Program PeaceMakers Women Officer, Program INTRODUCTION Security Jennifer Freeman, Freeman, Jennifer “We must help each other by looking at the bigger picture — not just that I am a woman in Pakistan, but I am also a citizen of Pakistan. If your government will support my military ... then I will suffer because of lack of democracy there. he Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice (IPJ) blocks we know can achieve a more just, secure world. welcomed over 150 delegates from 48 countries to Women’s rights cannot be divorced from the overall rights that people enjoy.” T “Breaking Barriers,” our fifth international working These policy recommendations demonstrate both our conference on advancing security, justice and peace, held capacity and our responsibility to protect communities, — Distinguished Lecturer Asma Jahangir this year in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of the to prevent the multiple attacks on freedom of thought Women PeaceMakers Program at the University of San Diego. and conscience, and to advance participation of women in governing new democracies. We must keep the tide of In addition to the 40 peacemakers whose lives and stories democratic values from retreating or allowing women’s have been documented at the IPJ, we salute the vital rights to be swept away while old or new structures of partners who joined us. Our co-conveners’ work “security” exclude justice for half their citizens. We must relentlessly confronts legacies of intolerance, conflict, work together to ensure gender justice and security are violence against women and the realities of impunity, founded in well-supported, funded, organized misogyny and the political and economic systems that movements that link women from the grassroots all the repudiate human rights and undermine security and way through global halls of power. justice. We believe everyone should be able to live without fear. Within these pages you will find these policy recommendations as well as summaries of the three-day In 2013, the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women will conference. Divided by topic — security, justice, peace be focused on the violations of human rights that affect — the summaries are complemented by case studies on women in every country. This working conference prepared good practices, skills building resources, quotations from recommendations (p.35) relevant to the United Nations, Distinguished Lecturer Asma Jahangir, and testimonies states, international organizations and peacebuilders that from other human rights defenders and grassroots promote the awareness and movement needed to end peacebuilders — the voices of women themselves. In violence and discriminatory practices against women — in keeping with the objective of the Women PeaceMakers SECTION I all the forms they manifest, from extremisms to patriarchy. Program, and in celebration of the decade of testimonies Our purpose together was not simply to expose barriers we have documented and collected, we amplify the that prevent gender justice, but also to identify, clarify, words and demands of those working tirelessly for reaffirm and recommend new and relevant building security, justice and peace. 2 Women PeaceMakers: BREAKING BARRIERS Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice 3 availability of sex- and age-disaggregated data in conflict overcome continued disbelief regarding the connection Panel Discussion settings. “If we don’t have these data,” and continue between arms transfers and gender-based violence. to use language such as “population, groups, Through personal experiences and analysis, the opening community that collapse across men’s and Lt. Col. Jesús Ignacio Gil Ruiz, chief of NATO’s Office panel of “Breaking Barriers” questioned the definitions women’s experiences, it’s impossible to highlight on Gender Perspectives, described recent NATO efforts and assumptions of security — the first step to discrimination and gaps in the reconstruction to include women in uniform in their missions, for overcoming insecurity and building a quality peace. process.” Puechguirbal described this phenomenon example to improve outreach to local Afghan women. Yet Panelists wove together a balance of optimism and the using feminist Cynthia Enloe’s terms, explaining, “There is he acknowledged the limitations of implementation of grim realities of trying to implement a gender-sensitive, a lot of incentive to be uncurious. … If you’re not curious 1325 into NATO operations, which it finally did in 2007. He human security framework. about the [gendered] gaps, then you don’t have to explained that the E.U. and NATO have thick policy address those issues.” manuals, but the documentation of implementation is SECURITY SECURITY “Who defines security?” askedNadine Puechguirbal, much thinner. senior gender adviser at the U.N. Department of Andorff of WILPF described the organization’s mission Peacekeeping Operations. How we define security is a and track record; for 90 years it has promoted One recent step toward women’s leadership in NATO choice, a choice that obscures or makes visible disarmament, human rights and a women’s peace occurred recently, in August 2012: Norwegian diplomat inequalities. Security defined as militarism and weapons agenda. “The world is over-armed,” she explained, and we Mari Skåre was appointed Special Representative for favors national security, which is blind to abuses and must “prioritize the question of disarmament.” Working to Women, Peace and Security, the first position of its kind. violations of women. end the proliferation of small arms and light weapons will To complement high-level leadership, another priority is have a significant impact on women’s security. increased education and training for personnel at all In a film produced by theWomen’s International Recounting a saying from the DRC, “One man with a levels. Gil Ruiz gave the example of the Allied Command League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), voices of machete can rape one woman in a village; two men with Transformation, which integrated a gender perspective women confirmed the need for a different approach to a machine gun can rape the whole village.” Andorff also into NATO curriculum and pre-deployment training. security. After the war in Sierra Leone, when asked about linked security concerns addressed by U.N. Security Emphasizing partnerships, he advocated, “We need more insecurity women said, “We’re not living in peace. Council Resolution 1325 to women’s increased political men working on gender issues, believing