DOCSLIB.ORG

Literary and Filmic Representations of Political Torture from Algiers to Guantánamo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Literary and Filmic Representations of Political Torture from Algiers to Guantánamo “WHAT CAN BE INFINITELY DESTROYED IS WHAT CAN INFINITELY SURVIVE”: LITERARY AND FILMIC REPRESENTATIONS OF POLITICAL TORTURE FROM ALGIERS TO GUANTÁNAMO ALEX ADAMS Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics January 2014 ABSTRACT This thesis takes the post-9/11 Anglo-American torture debate as the territory for its analysis of the multiple and overlapping ways that cultural representations are implicated in political discourses regarding the practice of political torture by Western liberal democracies in the twenty-first century. Firstly, it makes the historical-political claim that the post-9/11 torture debate reveals the continuing existence and influence not only of colonial discourses and representations but of colonial political constellations and colonial forms of violence. Drawing on Giorgio Agamben’s work on the state of exception, I argue that despite claims of the newness of the post-Cold War geopolitical paradigm, political torture in the twenty-first century takes familiar concentrationary and disciplinary forms. Further, specific colonial discourses continue to frame contemporary debates about political torture; using the Algerian War of Independence as a lens, the thesis demonstrates this continuity through original readings of The Centurions (1960), The Battle of Algiers (1966), and The Little Soldier (1960/63). The dominant way that torture has been discussed in the context of the post-9/11 Global War on Terrorism is in terms that justify or normalise it. This thesis reads the revitalisation of colonial discourses in the second series of 24 (2002-3) as evidence of this. Further, it argues that anti-torture human rights texts such as Rendition (2007) have provided inadequate resistance to justificatory discourse. Nonetheless, narratives that successfully oppose political torture are possible, and this thesis sketches the beginnings of a canon of them: drawing on the phenomenological ethics of Emmanuel Levinas to perform readings of representations of Abu Ghraib – Standard Operating Procedure (2008) – and Guantánamo Bay – The Road to Guantánamo (2006), Guantánamo: Honor Bound to Defend Freedom (2004) and Guantánamo (2004) – the project explores the ways that ethical address, testimony, and an activist focus on facts can produce meaningfully resistant anti-torture narratives. i CONTENTS List of Figures vi Acknowledgements viii Introduction 1 I: Claims 1 II: Chapter Overview and Summary 9 Chapter One Definitions, Trajectories, Ethics 23 1.1: Definitions and Positions 23 1.1.1: Torture 23 1.1.2: Why Torture is Wrong 30 1.1.2.1: Deontology 30 1.1.2.2: Utilitarianism 33 1.1.2.3: The Ticking Bomb Scenario 34 1.2: Trajectories: Reading Time 40 1.2.1: Translatable Histories I: Palimpsestic Multidirectionality 40 1.2.2: Translatable Histories II: Counterrevolutionary War Theory and the Recommendation of Atrocity 45 1.3: Ethics and Representation 51 1.3.1: Aporias 51 1.3.2: Solutions 54 1.3.2.1: The Face and Representation 56 Conclusions 58 Chapter Two Camp, Colony, Counterterrorism 59 2.1: Spatiality: The Camp, the Colony, and Disciplinary Biopolitics 61 2.1.1: The Thanatopolitical Space 62 ii 2.1.2: The Necropolitics of Colonial Extraterritoriality 67 2.1.3: War Prisons and Secret Violence 69 2.2: The Law: Guantánamo as the Legal-Biopolitical Paradigm of the Global War on Terrorism 71 2.2.1: The Ban and the Withdrawal of Law 72 2.2.2: Governmentality: Sovereign Power and its Diffusion 77 2.3: Bare Life: Muselmänner and Muslims 82 2.3.1: On the Bottom 83 2.3.2: (Neo)Colonial Cultural Racialisations 87 Conclusions 93 Chapter Three The Algerian War of Independence, 1954-1962 Torture in the European Literature and Film of Algerian Decolonisation 94 3.1: Another Indochina: The Centurions (1960) and Lost Command (1966) 96 3.1.1: The Centurions 96 3.1.1.1: The Enemy; Sovereignty in the Camp 97 3.1.1.2: Torture 100 3.1.1.3: Circulation, Legitimacy, and the Field of Intelligibility 102 3.1.2: Lost Command 104 3.1.2.1: Genre and Historical Translatability 104 3.1.2.2: Muslims-as-Indians 107 3.2: War in the Casbah: The Battle of Algiers (1966) 112 3.2.1: Divine Violence and a Gigantomachy Concerning Exceptionality 113 3.2.2: Between Ethics and Expediency 119 3.3: The Battle of Geneva: The Little Soldier (1960) 124 3.3.1: Torture 124 3.3.2: Masculinity and Martyrdom 128 iii 3.3.3: Reality; Suppression/Circulation 131 Conclusions 134 Chapter Four The Global War on Terrorism, Part I The Ticking Bomb, Extraordinary Rendition, and Abu Ghraib 135 4.1: The Post-9/11 Centurion: 24 Day Two (2002-3) 136 4.1.1: The Exception 137 4.1.2: Torture 140 4.1.3: Islam and the Mosque as a Source of Terrorism 145 4.1.4: Realism: Reality Effects and a Regime of Veridiction 148 4.2: Towards a Political Cinema of Torture: Rendition (2007) 151 4.2.1: Critique; the False Positive Narrative 153 4.2.2: Torture 155 4.2.3: Reservations 158 4.3: “Like One of Those Hitler Things Almost”: Standard Operating Procedure (2008) 165 4.3.1: Framing and Exceptionality 165 4.3.2: Eichmann in Abu Ghraib? 172 4.3.3: Visual Polyphony 177 Conclusions 183 Chapter Five The Global War on Terrorism, Part II Guantánamo Bay in the European Literary and Cultural Imagination 184 5.1: Staging the Exception: Guantánamo: ‘Honor Bound to Defend Freedom’ (2004) 186 5.1.1: Form and Rehumanisation 187 5.1.2: Islam, Biopolitics, Torture 194 5.1.3: Reception/Reservations 198 5.2: Four Boys From Birmingham: The Road to Guantánamo (2006) 199 iv 5.2.1: Form, Rehumanisation, Frontality 199 5.2.2: Torture, the Concentrationary, and the Field of Intelligibility 202 5.3: The Orange in the Lager: Guantánamo (2004) 208 5.3.1: Torture 211 5.3.2: Guantánamo as Camp 214 Conclusions 220 Conclusion 221 Further Research 222 Bibliography 224 Filmography 255 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Trinquier’s Organigramme describing the cellular structure of the ALN 50 Figure 1.2: Organisational hierarchy of a terrorist cell as described by a twenty-first century counterterrorism analyst 50 Figure 3.1: Apache Indian ambush in Fort Apache I 109 Figure 3.2: Lost Command frame comparison I 109 Figure 3.3: Apache Indian ambush in Fort Apache II 110 Figure 3.4: Lost Command frame comparison II 110 Figure 3.5: Apache Indian ambush in Fort Apache III 111 Figure 3.6: Lost Command frame comparison III 111 Figure 3.7: Colonel Mathieu explains the cellular structure of the FLN 118 Figure 3.8: Torture victim forced to collude against the FLN 120 Figure 3.9: An unnamed paratrooper fills in an Organigramme with information acquired through torture 121 Figure 3.10: Bruno meets the gaze of the camera during torture 127 Figure 4.1: 24. Clockwise from top left: CTU agents search the mosque where a terrorist is apprehended; Sayed Ali is tortured by Jack Bauer; the Secretary of Defense is tortured by a CIA operative on Presidential command; Kim Bauer runs from her abductors. 149 Figures 4.2-4.5: Water suffocation in Rendition 157 vi Figure 4.6: North Africa as Arab-Land 159 Figure 4.7: Muslim rage 160 Figure 4.8: Abu Ghraib 170 Figure 4.9: Frontality: Janis Karpinski 176 Figure 4.10: Frontality: Lynndie England 177 Figure 4.11: Nozzle 180 Figure 4.12: Water suffocation 181 Figure 5.1: Frontality: Shafiq Rasul 202 Figure 5.2: Archive image of Guantánamo Bay taken from The Road to Guantánamo 208 vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council, whose financial support for the first three years of this project made it possible. I would like to extend sincere gratitude to my supervisors, Dr Neelam Srivastava and Dr Anne Whitehead, for their guidance, feedback, input, direction, friendship, and patience. I would also like to thank Dr Stacy Gillis, whose advice, support, and generosity in the initial stages of this project was invaluable. I thank my examiners, Dr James Procter and Dr Stephen Morton, for their perceptive, thorough, and rigorous attention to my work. I thank the employers who kept me fed during my fourth year, whose flexibility and forbearance I heartily appreciate: Alicia Cresswell at Newcastle University Robinson Library Writing Development Centre, Rosie Snowdon at Northumbria University Educational Support Worker Service, and Graham Frost at Tilleys Bar. I would also like to acknowledge the opportunities for teaching given to me throughout my time as a postgraduate by Newcastle University’s School of English Literature, Language, and Linguistics, both on undergraduate modules and as part of the Partners Assessed Summer School. I also thank SELLL for the Research Support Grant that helped keep me afloat during my fourth year. Sincere gratitude is due to the people and institutions who have given me opportunities to present my research at conferences and workshops both in this country and abroad. The questions, feedback and encouragement I received at these events were integral to the successful completion of this work. I thank Dr Arin Keeble, organiser of The Depoliticisation of 9/11 at Newcastle University; I thank Professor Kim Reynolds and Professor Matthew Grenby for inviting me to speak for Newcastle University’s Children’s Literature Unit Graduate Group; I thank Dr Katherine Cooper and WAR-Net, organisers of War and Gender at Newcastle University; I thank interdisciplinary.net, organisers of Experiencing Prison, and in addition I gratefully acknowledge the AHRC Conference Attendance Research Support Fund for making this trip to Warsaw possible; I thank Avril Buchanan, Carmel Murphy, and the organising committee
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Government Turns the Other Way As Judges Make Findings About Torture and Other Abuse
    USA SEE NO EVIL GOVERNMENT TURNS THE OTHER WAY AS JUDGES MAKE FINDINGS ABOUT TORTURE AND OTHER ABUSE Amnesty International Publications First published in February 2011 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Copyright Amnesty International Publications 2011 Index: AMR 51/005/2011 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Amnesty International is a global movement of 2.2 million people in more than 150 countries and territories, who campaign on human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments. We research, campaign, advocate and mobilize to end abuses of human rights. Amnesty International is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. Our work is largely financed by contributions from our membership and donations CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Judges point to human rights violations, executive turns away ........................................... 4 Absence
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Introduction
    1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background While the word “globalization” has only started to be widely used since the late 1980s, but the phenomenon of globalization has been around for much longer time.1 The characteristics of globalization can be found in the Silk Road, which not only served as a trade route that connected Asia with Middle East, Europe, and Africa but also became a place where exchange of culture, ideas, and technology could be occurred.2 Globalization itself has broad definition, since it encompasses many trends, including international trade, telecommunications, multinational corporations, cultural exchanges, spread of ideas, flows of migration, etc. Thus, it made globalization can not be clearly defined, since the definition of globalization depends on the perspective that used to analyze it.3 However, globalization can be simply defined as the process towards a single, interdependent, and integrated world.3 Thus, the process of globalization could then be characterized by the increase of connectedness between actors in the international relations. 1Peter N. Stears, 2010, Globalization in World History, New York: Routledge, p.1. 2David Christian, “Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History”, Journal of World History, Vol. 11, No. 1, Accessed from JSTOR on 19th February 2012, p.1. 3Joshua S. Goldstein, John C. Pevehouse, 2009, International Relations: 8th Edition, United States: Pearson-Longman, p.19. 4Alma Kadragic, 2006, Globalization and Human Rights, United States: Chelsea House Publishers, p.6. 2 The rapid advancement of ICT during the 20th century can be credited as one of the main reasons for the rapid progression of the globalization process that occurred during that era.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 4, 2019 Special Issue on Prevent
    Issue 4, 2019 Special Issue on Prevent Co-edited by Sukhwant Dhaliwal, Rebecca Durand, Stephen Cowden Inside this issue: Feature Articles Poetry by Dean Atta Artwork on Xenofon Kavvadias Book and Conference Reviews ISSN: 2398-4139 Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies, University of Warwick Image 1: Holocauston, detail © Xenofon Kavvadias. All Rights Reserved. Feminist Dissent Feminist Dissent – Issue 4 Special Issue on Prevent Co-edited by Sukhwant Dhaliwal, Rebecca Durand, Stephen Cowden Table of Contents All artworks are by Xenofon Kavvadias. Cover Image Image 2 Editorial: A Polarised Debate – Stephen Cowden, Sukhwant Dhaliwal, Rebecca Durand (p. 1-15) Image 3 Respecting and Ensuring Rights: Feminist Ethics for a State Response to Fundamentalism Sukhwant Dhaliwal (p. 16-54) Image 4 Prevent: Safeguarding and the Gender Dimension Pragna Patel (p. 55-68) Image 5 Walking the Line: Prevent and the Women’s Voluntary Sector in a Time of Austerity Yasmin Rehman (p. 69-87) Image 6 Poetry – ‘The Black Flamingo’ Dean Atta (p. 88-90) Image 7 Feminist Dissent 2019 (4) i Feminist Dissent Safeguarding or Surveillance? Social Work, Prevent and Fundamentalist Violence Stephen Cowden and Jonathan Picken (p. 91-131) Image 8 Jihadi Brides, Prevent and the Importance of Critical Thinking Skills Tehmina Kazi (p. 132-145) Image 9 Victims, Perpetrators or Protectors: The Role of Women in Countering Terrorism Hifsa Haroon-Iqbal (p. 146-157) Image 10 Poetry – ‘I come from’ Dean Atta (p. 158-159) Image 11 The Prevent Strategy’s impact on social relations: a report on work in two local authorities David Parker, David Chapot and Jonathan Davis (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad: een historisch- sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944) Meeuwenoord, A.M.B. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Meeuwenoord, A. M. B. (2011). Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad: een historisch-sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944). General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:04 Oct 2021 Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad Een historisch-sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944) Marieke Meeuwenoord 1 Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad 2 Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad Een historisch-sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944) ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Shaker Aamer? Crt Briefing, 9 February 2015
    BRITAIN’S LAST GUANTÁNAMO DETAINEE: WHO IS SHAKER AAMER? CRT BRIEFING, 9 FEBRUARY 2015 INTRODUCTION It is UK government policy that Shaker Aamer, the last remaining British resident detained at Guantánamo Bay, be returned. In December 2014, newspaper stories emerged suggesting that this could soon be the case.1 At a meeting in Washington, DC, a month later, President Obama told Prime Minister David Cameron that the US would “prioritise” the case.2 Aamer, who was born in Saudi Arabia, was captured in Afghanistan in November 2001; he was sent to Guantánamo Bay in February 2002. The US government believes him to be a weapons-trained al- Qaeda fighter; Aamer’s supporters claim that he was in Afghanistan to carry out voluntary work for an Islamic charity.3 Aamer is thought to have been cleared for transfer to Saudi Arabia in June 2007 (although, as late as November 2007, Department of Defense documentation recommended that he continue to be 1 ‘Guantanamo to free last UK inmate’, The Sunday Times, 28 December 2014, available at: http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1500831.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2014_12_27, last visited: 29 January 2015; see also: ‘Last British inmate at Guantanamo set to be freed in the new year in fresh push by Obama to empty prison’, Daily Mail, 28 December 2014, available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2888964/Last-British- inmate-Guantanamo-set-freed-new-year-fresh-push-Obama-prison.html, last visited: 29 January 2015. 2 ‘Barack Obama to “prioritise” case of Guantánamo detainee Shaker Aamer’, The Guardian, 16 January 2015, available at: http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jan/16/shaker-aamer-guantanamo-bay-prioritise-obama-case, last visited: 29 January 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Guantanamo, Torture & Indefinite Detention
    INTRODUCTION Dear Friend, March 1, 2012 Thank you for joining Amnesty International in taking action against Guantanamo, indefinite detention, torture and other human rights violations committed by the US government in the name of national security. These abuses are immoral and illegal under US and international law, and--according to military and security experts--ineffective and counterproductive. There is a better alternative: security with human rights. Under international law, human rights violations--whether by armed groups or states--must end, those responsible must be held accountable, and the rights of victims must be fulfilled. Human rights mean security and justice for all of us. And I'm not the only one saying it. Military personnel, September 11th family members and people of many religious faiths and political beliefs are coming together to say enough is enough and demand that states and armed groups respect human rights. It's up to us, the people, to demand it. Right now, our strategy is to focus on two important cases that illustrate all that is wrong with the US government’s approach to national security: Shaker Aamer, a UK resident in his 10th year of indefinite detention at Guantanamo and Maher Arar, who was kidnapped by the US and sent to Syria to be tortured. By focusing our activism on these two cases and spreading the word about the America we believe in, we can make progress toward closing Guantanamo and ensuring that the US never again uses torture or other ill-treatment. We need to show President Obama, his Administration and Congress that citizens demand an end to human rights violations--as well as accountability for them--by being visible in the streets, online and in the media.
    [Show full text]
  • Jahresbericht !"#$
    JAHRESBERICHT !"#$ 3 Inhalt 4 Vorstellung der Organisation 41 Engagement für Vielfalt und gegen Ausgrenzung 6 Rückblick 44 Internationale Bildungsarbeit 12 Ausblick 48 Ö"entlichkeitsarbeit 15 Freiwilligendienste 51 Ehrenamt 30 Highlights 54 Kirche und Gesellscha# 31 Symbol der Anerkennung: Die Freiwillige Annemarie Niemann begleitet Bundes- 57 Finanzen präsidenten beim Oradour-Besuch 34 Tschechien-Jubiläum: Lebendige 64 Danksagung Geschichte – Erinnern in der zweiten und dritten Generation 68 Organigramm 36 Familienbiogra!sche Überlegungen einer Belgien-Freiwilligen anlässlich 70 Impressum des Jubiläums 39 Sommerlager-Impression: Stumme Zeugen am Wegesrand 5 Man kann es einfach tun Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Nationalsozialismus und seinen Verbrechen ist für Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste Motiv und Verpflichtung für konkretes Handeln in der Gegenwart. Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste steht in der mende an. In den Sommerlagern leben, lernen und Tradition der Bekennenden Kirche und trägt seit arbeiten internationale Gruppen für zwei bis drei 1958 im Rahmen von kurz- und langfristigen Frei- Wochen in unterschiedlichen Projekten. willigendiensten zu Frieden und Verständigung bei, setzt sich für Menschenrechte ein und sensibilisiert Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste sensibi- die Gesellscha# für die Auswirkungen der natio- lisiert für die heutigen Folgen des Nationalsozialis- nalsozialistischen Geschichte. Jährlich leisten rund mus und tritt aktuellen Formen von Antisemitismus, 180 Freiwillige in 13 Ländern ihren Friedensdienst. Rassismus und Ausgrenzung von Minderheiten ent- Sie begleiten ältere Menschen beispielsweise in jü- gegen. Gemeinsam mit deutschen und internatio- dischen Institutionen und Organisationen für Schoa- nalen Partner_innen engagiert sich Aktion Sühne- Überlebende, sie unterstützen sozial Benachteiligte zeichen Friedensdienste für die Entschädigung von sowie Menschen mit psychischen oder physischen Verfolgten des Nationalsozialmus und für die Rechte Beeinträchtigungen und sie engagieren sich in an- von Minderheiten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Abu Ghraib Convictions: a Miscarriage of Justice
    Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal Volume 32 Article 4 9-1-2013 The Abu Ghraib Convictions: A Miscarriage of Justice Robert Bejesky Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/bpilj Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Robert Bejesky, The Abu Ghraib Convictions: A Miscarriage of Justice, 32 Buff. Envtl. L.J. 103 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/bpilj/vol32/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ABU GHRAIB CONVICTIONS: A MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE ROBERT BEJESKYt I. INTRODUCTION ..................... ..... 104 II. IRAQI DETENTIONS ...............................107 A. Dragnet Detentions During the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq.........................107 B. Legal Authority to Detain .............. ..... 111 C. The Abuse at Abu Ghraib .................... 116 D. Chain of Command at Abu Ghraib ..... ........ 119 III. BASIS FOR CRIMINAL CULPABILITY ..... ..... 138 A. Chain of Command ....................... 138 B. Systemic Influences ....................... 140 C. Reduced Rights of Military Personnel and Obedience to Authority ................ ..... 143 D. Interrogator Directives ................ ....
    [Show full text]
  • WGBH Studio at the Boston Public Library ADVERTISEMENTADVERTISEMENT from the President Where to Tune In
    Beyond a Year in Space | 16 Anne of Green Gables: The Good Stars | 20 Jazz 24/7 Honored | 26 ON AIR, ONLINE, ON THE GO MEMBER GUIDE | NOVEMBER 2017 WGBH Studio at the Boston Public Library ADVERTISEMENTADVERTISEMENT From the President Where to Tune in The Next Chapter TV It was just over a year ago that we took a major step in extending our reach into the community and expanding the range of programs and content we offer with the opening of Digital broadcast FiOS RCN Cox Charter (Canada) Bell ExpressVu the WGBH Studio at the Boston Public Library (BPL) in Copley Square. Comcast And it’s been quite a year! Since the studio’s inaugural broadcast of WGBH 2 2.1 2 2 2 2 2 284 Boston Public Radio, we have been inviting the public in on a daily basis to WGBH 2 HD 2.1 802 502 602 1002 782 819 join us, interact with us, share their perspectives and connect in a way that WGBX 44 44.1 16 44 14 804 21 n/a informs our work. Our unique partnership with the BPL, another of Boston’s major cultural WGBX 44 HD 44.1 801 544 n/a n/a n/a n/a institutions, has given us an extraordinary live platform for bringing our World 2.2 956 473 94 807 181 n/a journalism, arts, education and other innovative programming to the WGBH Create 44.3 959 474 95 805 182 n/a audience and library WGBH Kids 44.4 958 472 93 n/a 180 n/a visitors alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Dictionary of Air Intelligence
    Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence Jon Woronoff, Series Editor 1. British Intelligence, by Nigel West, 2005. 2. United States Intelligence, by Michael A. Turner, 2006. 3. Israeli Intelligence, by Ephraim Kahana, 2006. 4. International Intelligence, by Nigel West, 2006. 5. Russian and Soviet Intelligence, by Robert W. Pringle, 2006. 6. Cold War Counterintelligence, by Nigel West, 2007. 7. World War II Intelligence, by Nigel West, 2008. 8. Sexspionage, by Nigel West, 2009. 9. Air Intelligence, by Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey, 2009. Historical Dictionary of Air Intelligence Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 9 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2009 SCARECROW PRESS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road Plymouth PL6 7PY United Kingdom Copyright © 2009 by Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trenear-Harvey, Glenmore S., 1940– Historical dictionary of air intelligence / Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey. p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of intelligence and counterintelligence ; no. 9) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5982-1 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8108-5982-3 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-6294-4 (eBook) ISBN-10: 0-8108-6294-8 (eBook) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Program Submissions
    PRI Submission Guidelines About PRI: Celebrated as a driver of innovation in public media, Public Radio International (PRI) was founded in 1983 to diversify and expand the content available on public platforms, enabling U.S. listeners to "hear a different voice™" and to connect with one another and the larger world. PRI leads by identifying critical but unmet content needs and partnering with producers, stations, digital networks and funders to develop multi-platform resources to meet those needs. By creating an environment in which innovation can thrive, PRI supports the creation and distribution of content that would otherwise be unavailable and that brings new voices, global journalism and cultural perspectives to the American public. PRI content is available on pri.org and via podcasts, and is broadcast on over 824 public radio stations. More than 13 million people access PRI content each week through these sources. PRI's newest production is "The Takeaway™," a groundbreaking morning-drive news show co-produced with WNYC Radio. Its best known programming includes "This American Life," produced by Chicago Public Radio; PRI's "The World," a co- production of BBC World Service, PRI and WGBH Radio Boston; "Living on Earth," produced by World Media Foundation Inc.; "Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?," produced by Wisconsin Public Radio; "The Tavis Smiley Show," produced by Smiley Radio Properties Inc.; and "Studio 360 from PRI and WNYC®," produced by PRI and WNYC; as well as 24-hour program services — "Classical 24®," produced by American Public Media; and BBC World Service, produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation. For more information, visit www.pri.org.
    [Show full text]
  • 6. DV-BEG.Pdf
    Ein Service des Bundesministeriums der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz sowie des Bundesamts für Justiz ‒ www.gesetze-im-internet.de Sechste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundesentschädigungsgesetzes (6. DV-BEG) 6. DV-BEG Ausfertigungsdatum: 23.02.1967 Vollzitat: "Sechste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundesentschädigungsgesetzes vom 23. Februar 1967 (BGBl. I S. 233), die zuletzt durch § 1 der Verordnung vom 24. November 1982 (BGBl. I S. 1571) geändert worden ist" Stand: Zuletzt geändert durch § 1 V v. 24.11.1982 I 1571 Fußnote (+++ Textnachweis Geltung ab: 18.9.1965 +++) Eingangsformel Auf Grund des § 42 Abs. 2 des Bundesentschädigungsgesetzes in der Fassung des Gesetzes vom 29. Juni 1956 (Bundesgesetzbl. I S. 559, 562), zuletzt geändert durch das Gesetz vom 14. September 1965 (Bundesgesetzbl. I S. 1315), verordnet die Bundesregierung mit Zustimmung des Bundesrates: § 1 Als Konzentrationslager im Sinne des § 31 Abs. 2 BEG sind die in der Anlage aufgeführten Haftstätten anzusehen. § 2 (1) Soweit in der Anlage für einzelne Haftstätten bestimmte Zeiträume angegeben sind, gelten diese Haftstätten nur für die angegebenen Zeiträume als Konzentrationslager im Sinne des § 31 Abs. 2 BEG. (2) Die übrigen in der Anlage aufgeführten Haftstätten sind für den Zeitraum als Konzentrationslager im Sinne des § 31 Abs. 2 BEG anzusehen, während dem sie als geschlossene Lager in der Verwaltungsform eines Konzentrationslagers bestanden haben. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Zeiträume, in denen die Haftstätten dem Inspekteur der Konzentrationslager im SS-Hauptamt oder dem SS-Wirtschaftsverwaltungshauptamt, Amtsgruppe D, unterstanden haben. (3) Soweit in der Anlage für einzelne Haftstätten keine bestimmten Zeiträume angegeben sind, wird vermutet, daß diese Haftstätten am 1. November 1943 bestanden haben und von diesem Zeitpunkt an Konzentrationslager im Sinne des § 31 Abs.
    [Show full text]