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Traduction Française Des Habitats Benthiques Des Régions Atlantique Et Méditerranée

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Traduction Française Des Habitats Benthiques Des Régions Atlantique Et Méditerranée Contributeurs Coordination Touria Bajjouk1 & Brigitte Guillaumont1 Edition Touria Bajjouk1 & Noëmie Michez5 Traduction Benoit Thouin7, Touria Bajjouk1, Noëmie Michez5, Justine Louvel‐Glaser5, Vincent Gaudillat5 & Jacques Populus1 Soutien à la traduction Touria Bajjouk1, Brigitte Guillaumont1, Noëmie Michez5, Jacques Populus1, Claire Chevalier10, Chantal Croguennec1, Dominique Hamon2, Anthony Doré5, Franck Gentil8, Sandrine Derrien6, Lénaïck Menot3, Annabelle Aish5 & Karen Webb9 Relecture Touria Bajjouk1, Brigitte Guillaumont1, Noëmie Michez5, Chantal Croguennec1, Jacques Populus1, Claire Chevalier10, Julie Tourolle1 & Dominique Hamon2 Infographie Pierre Bodenes1 Crédits Photos Touria Bajjouk1, Xavier Caisey2, Olivier Dugornay4, Evhoe‐2011, LEMAR, Noëmie Michez5 & Vincent Gaudillat5 (1) Ifremer‐DYNECO/AG (2) Ifremer‐DYNECO/EB (3) Ifremer‐EEP‐LEP (4) Ifremer‐DISCOMRI‐AV (5) MNHN‐SPN Paris (6) MNHN Concarneau (7) TETRACOMM Inc (8) Station Biologique de Roscoff (9) JNCC (10) HOCER, Brest Partenaires financiers Citation du document T. Bajjouk, B. Guillaumont, N. Michez, B. Thouin, C. Croguennec, J. Populus, J. Louvel‐Glaser, V. Gaudillat, C. Chevalier, J. Tourolle, D. Hamon et al. 2015. Classification EUNIS, Système d’information européen sur la nature : Traduction française des habitats benthiques des Régions Atlantique et Méditerranée. Vol. 2. Habitats subtidaux & complexes d’habitats. Réf. IFREMER/DYNECO/AG/15‐02/TB2, 237p. Remerciements Nous tenons à remercier : la DREAL Breatgne, la Région Bretagne et le MEDDE, pour le soutien financier apporté à ce travail Un grand merci à Karen Webb du JNCC, pour avoir répondu à nos diverses questions lors de la réalisation de cette traduction Merci à Jacqueline Quentel, pour son aide à la mise en forme de ce document Classification EUNIS Système d’Information Européen sur la Nature Traduction francaise des habitats marins benthiques Régions Atlantique et Méditerranée Tome 2 : Habitats Subtidaux & complexes d’habitats A3. Roche et autres substrats durs infralittoraux A3. Infralittoral rock and other hard substrata A4. Roche et autres substrats durs circalittoraux A4. Circalittoral rock and other hard substrata A5. Sédiment subtidal A5. Sublittoral sediment A6. Habitats profonds A6. Deep‐sea bed X. Complexes d’habitats X. Habitat complexes Mars 2015 SOMMAIRE 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 2 1.1. CONTEXTE .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2. OBJECTIF DU DOCUMENT ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... 3 2. PRESENTATION DE LA TYPOLOGIE EUNIS ........................................................................... 4 2.1. DEFINITION............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2. PRINCIPE DE BASE D’EUNIS ....................................................................................................... 4 2.3. LES CRITERES DE CLASSIFICATION DANS EUNIS .............................................................................. 5 3. ELEMENTS DE TRADUCTION ............................................................................................... 7 3.1. TERMINOLOGIE ....................................................................................................................... 7 3.2. TAXINOMIE ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.3. AUTRE ELEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.4. HARMONISATION & RELECTURE .................................................................................................. 9 4. STRUCTURATION DU DOCUMENT ...................................................................................... 9 5. DESCRIPTION DES HABITATS ............................................................................................ 10 5.1. HABITATS MARINS ................................................................................................................. 10 A3. Roche et autres substrats durs infralittoraux .............................................................. 14 A4. Roche et autres substrats durs circalittoraux ............................................................ 119 A5. Sédiment subtidal ....................................................................................................... 195 A6. Habitats profonds ...................................................................................................... 306 X. Complexes d’habitats ................................................................................................... 321 6. REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ................................................................................... 326 7. GLOSSAIRE ..................................................................................................................... 328 8. ACRONYMES .................................................................................................................. 330 9. ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................ 331 9.1. LISTE DES MODIFICATIONS EUNIS VERSION 2004 VS 2007 ........................................................ 331 9.2. DESCRIPTION DES CRITERES PHYSIQUES EUNIS ......................................................................... 334 La zonation biologique ..................................................................................................... 334 L’hydrodynamisme ........................................................................................................... 336 1. Introduction 1.1. Contexte La Communauté Européenne a adopté le 21 mai 1992 la Directive 92/43/CEE relative à la conservation des habitats naturels ainsi que de la faune et la flore sauvages, dite "Directive Habitats". Parallèlement, les États membres de l'Union européenne sont amenés à prendre les mesures nécessaires pour réduire les impacts des activités sur ce milieu afin de réaliser ou de maintenir un bon état écologique du milieu marin au plus tard en 2020. Il s’agit de la directive‐cadre « stratégie pour le milieu marin » 2008/56/CE dite DCSMM du 17 juin 2008. Afin de répondre aux exigences de ces directives, l'Etat a pour responsabilité d’établir un état des lieux des habitats naturels et des espèces d’intérêt communautaire, de leurs états de conservation ainsi que l’évaluation et le suivi de leur état écologique. Dans le cadre du projet Rebent Bretagne, Natura 2000 Bretagne et des projets européens MESH et EUSeaMap, l’Ifremer a acquis une expertise dans le domaine de la cartographie des habitats qui lui permet de développer des méthodes et de proposer des évolutions typologiques (EUNIS, habitats élémentaires de la directive Habitat (DHFF)), ceci en collaboration avec les principaux acteurs nationaux et européens de ce domaine. Par ailleurs, le ministère en charge de l’Ecologie confie au MNHN‐SPN de nombreuses missions concernant les typologies d’habitats ou de végétation des territoires français de métropole et d’outre‐mer dont il assure la diffusion via le site INPN. Pour les habitats marins benthiques, il coordonne l’expertise scientifique pour le développement du référentiel national. C’est dans ce cadre que l'Ifremer et le MNHN ont été sollicités pour contribuer à l’élaboration des standards, dont les référentiels d’habitats. Ces référentiels facilitent la mise en œuvre des directives en apportant de la cohérence dans l’aquisition des connaissances. Ils établissent en effet un langage commun, permettent d’harmoniser les données entre programmes, que se soit à une échelle internationale, nationale ou régionale. En France, plusieurs typologies existent comme celles des biocénoses marines élaborée dans le cadre de ZNIEFF‐Mer (Dauvin et al., 1994), du Cahier d’Habitats (Bensettiti et al., 2004), et du référentiel de la région Bretagne pour la cartographie (Guillaumont et al., 2009 ; Bajjouk et al., 2011) et plus récemment le référentiel national (Michez et al., 2013 et 2014). Ces référentiels ont tous été élaborés pour répondre à des besoins spécifiques. Cependant, les nouveaux besoins de cartographie et de gestion d'entités plus fonctionnelles et comparables entre grandes régions ont entraîné la nécessité d’établir des correspondances avec le système de référence européen EUNIS. Typologie de référence de la directive INSPIRE, EUNIS est la seule typologie couvrant toutes les eaux européennes. Elle a ainsi été adoptée comme standard de présentation de toutes les données de cartographie des habitats (Projets MESH, MESH Atlantic & EUSeamap). Cependant, l’application de la typologie EUNIS à l’échelle nationale a permis de souligner des difficultés de sa mise en œuvre pour la cartographie et le suivi du milieu marin. Les intitulés de ses différentes entités, qui se réfèrent essentiellement aux critères biocénotiques, rendent difficile l'identification des entités écologiques par les utilisateurs de produits cartographiques (partenaires locaux, gestionnaires, bureaux d’études, ...). Sa richesse et sa disponibilité en langue anglaise
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