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Evaluation of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Cultural Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2015 Evaluation of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Cultural Management Practices and Identification, Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Ectotrophic Root-Infecting Fungi Associated with Summer Decline of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Putting Greens Phillip Lavelle Vines Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Vines, Phillip Lavelle, "Evaluation of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Cultural Management Practices and Identification, Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Ectotrophic Root-Infecting Fungi Associated with Summer Decline of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Putting Greens" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 2079. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/2079 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation of ultradwarf bermudagrass cultural management practices and identification, characterization, and pathogenicity of ectotrophic root-infecting fungi associated with summer decline of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens By Phillip Lavelle Vines A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Plant Pathology in the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology Mississippi State, Mississippi August 2015 Copyright by Phillip Lavelle Vines 2015 Evaluation of ultradwarf bermudagrass cultural management practices and identification, characterization, and pathogenicity of ectotrophic root-infecting fungi associated with summer decline of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens By Phillip Lavelle Vines Approved: ____________________________________ Maria Tomaso-Peterson (Director of Thesis) ____________________________________ Janice DuBien (Minor Professor) ____________________________________ Florencia Meyer (Minor Professor) ____________________________________ Thomas Ward Allen, Jr. (Committee Member) ____________________________________ Barry R. Stewart (Committee Member) ____________________________________ Michael A. Caprio (Graduate Coordinator) ____________________________________ George M. Hopper Dean College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Name: Phillip Lavelle Vines Date of Degree: August 14, 2015 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: Plant Pathology Major Professor: Maria Tomaso-Peterson, PhD Title of Study: Evaluation of ultradwarf bermudagrass cultural management practices and identification, characterization, and pathogenicity of ectotrophic root- infecting fungi associated with summer decline of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens Pages in Study: 306 Candidate for Degree of Master of Science This research addressed the effects of cultural management practices, cultivar selection, and applications of seasonal fungicides on ultradwarf bermudagrass health and playability and occurrence of foliar diseases. Additionally, novel ectotrophic root- infecting fungi were isolated from ultradwarf bermudagrass roots exhibiting symptoms of summer decline, identified via multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and characterized by morphological assessments and pathogenicity evaluations. DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my parents, James and Tammie, and to my beautiful wife, Elizabeth. Words could never fully express my feelings for these individuals. In addition to providing unending love and support, my parents instilled a genuine sense of hard work and dedication in me that enabled me to succeed in the completion of this thesis. I love them dearly, forever and always. To Elizabeth, without her, this accomplishment absolutely would not have been possible. I am truly thankful for the support, understanding, patience, and love she has shown me throughout the duration of this research. She has my heart, and I will forever love her. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to each of the individuals who have made this research possible. To the director of my thesis, Dr. Maria Tomaso-Peterson, I am thankful for the patience, belief, motivation, and guidance she presented to me throughout this research process. Her knowledge and supervision enabled me to successfully complete this, my first official research endeavor, and for that, I am eternally grateful. I am appreciative to Dr. Janice DuBien and Dr. Florencia Meyer for their willingness to serve as minor professors on my committee. The knowledge and insight they provided from their respective fields was pivotal in the achievement of this research. From them, I have learned the importance and applications of Statistics and Biochemistry, and I now understand how to implement these principles in my future research endeavors. I extend my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Tom Allen and Dr. Barry Stewart for the support and guidance they delivered. Dr. Allen is a proficient Plant Pathologist, and I express my appreciation for the many ways he helped me complete this research project. Dr. Stewart is an expert in the field of Turfgrass Science, and I am grateful for the thoughts and ideas he shared. I would also like to recognize technical assistants, student workers, and fellow graduate students for their support in conducting this research. I am grateful to Ethan iii Flournoy, Robert Glenn, Justin Horn, Wayne Langford, and Jason Ruffin for their assistance at the Rodney R. Foil research center. To Whit Ables, Nicole Brochard, Tristan Diaz, and Leanna Rapp, I must express my appreciation for the countless hours they spent helping me in the laboratory. I am grateful to fellow graduate students, Max Gilley and Jeff Standish, for their assistance with my research project, but more importantly, for their moral support and the comradery we shared. I must express my gratitude to Dr. Lane P. Tredway for providing fungal cultures of Magnaporthiopsis poae and to Dr. Ning Zhang for assistance with identification of novel fungal species. I would like to recognize the Mississippi Agricultural and Foresty Experiment Station, the O. J. Noer Turfgrass Research Foundation, and True-Surface by Turfline, Inc. for their willingness to provide monetary assistance for this research. Lastly, but most importantly, I am thankful to God for placing such loving and supportive people in my life. I am grateful for the opportunities He has afforded me, and for the strength, knowledge, and guidance He has bestowed upon me. With God, all things are possible. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiii NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................... xxviii CHAPTER I. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................1 History of bermudagrass ....................................................................................1 Cultural management of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens ....................4 Core cultivation ............................................................................................6 Venting cultivation .......................................................................................8 Vertical mowing and sand topdressing ........................................................8 Ectotrophic root-infecting fungi and associated diseases ..................................9 Take-all patch.............................................................................................11 Bermudagrass decline ................................................................................11 Summer patch ............................................................................................12 Dead spot ...................................................................................................13 Necrotic ring spot .......................................................................................14 Spring dead spot .........................................................................................14 Identification of ERI fungi .........................................................................15 Literature cited .................................................................................................17 II. EFFECTS OF CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICE, CULTIVAR SELECTION, AND SEASONAL FUNGICIDE PROGRAM ON PLANT HEALTH AND PLAYABILITY OF ULTRADWARF BERMUDAGRASS PUTTING GREENS ............22 Abstract ............................................................................................................22 Introduction ......................................................................................................23 Materials and methods .....................................................................................25 Background management of research area ................................................25
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