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Home , Annulusmagnus, Buergenerula, Camarops, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Gaeumannomyces, Magnaporthales

ARTICLE 247 M. garrettii !Oj_U=;>>$ et al. (2014) to et al/==/$qj+Q . 2009) were et al. 2009) were garrettii Key words: Cynodon Diaporthomycetidae multigene analysis one -one name molecular phylogenetics root pathogens et al. '**=$ jOLGQ ![ _7J † , !5Gj 9=+'/$ M. nor IMA FUNGUS · 7(2): 247–252 (2016) 247–252 · 7(2): FUNGUS IMA et al. 2004, Matheny ! [ , was examined Magnaporthe M. garrettii and (Diaporthomycetidae ![#{# gen. nov, is established to gen. nov, !["†# 7# 2,3 # "G" & !5Gj$ D 5 J E E ## " #E#5DG\&5DG U+ :\ _{!O_<q$#R G# "5G#U#" #5DGE RPB-Cr (Castlebury qjU*;>$ ]^_ 7 _7J'Q_7J? ! and M#"_7J$ "!qJ$#5DG" # 'L !7XM'$ analysis. polymerase II (RPB1) were selected for " # jDG species, be distant from !]OK¡;*=;''K¡;*=;'/$ Papulosaceae Wongia .

![Magnaporthe garrettii and (Wong et (Wong and , which all now contain other species based on , which infect j"]J Working Group Working 1,2 Sordariomycetes, and Pyricularia ( M. oryzae (Couch ![ !J 5'*9;$ Magnaporthe et al. 2012). One of these , !{ '*>/$ , Helminthosporium sigmoideum) . Nakataea, M. rhizophila M. garrettii and ! [ G5]" 1,2 Pyricularia/Magnaporthe

was morphologically characterised by Magnaporthe ), which clusters outside of the Magnaporthales ), which clusters outside ), a new generic name generic name ), a new , Sordariomycetes (Papulosaceae gen. nov. Magnaporthiopsis 7#L#"#"

!q K '*9*$ !""#$ ) andMagnaporthe salvinii (syn. Leptosphaeria salvinii were sister species that formed a well-supported separate clade in formed a well-supported separate clade in were sister species that Magnaporthe " # " †7 O\j\q<OE+='/OG\7/U'>G "&5#G"MX5?'=/GZ" ¡G#G"M_7#¡X]<OE/U>O Article info:JP+K/='UZGP></='UZP''</='U to other genera, including Sordariomycetes Abstract: LP"¨#†" ¡?=='G © 2016 International Mycological Association © 2016 International Mycological conditions: distribute and transmit the work, under the following are free to share - to copy, You Attribution: 2 3 1 { Wongia Non-commercial:No derivative works:if you get Any of the above conditions can be waived For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. # # Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. permission from the copyright holder. [ for two root-infecting fungi from Australia fungi from root-infecting for two !q ´"/=';$7EG ectotrophic species, M. garrettii and roots of some turf grasses (Wong ), together with recommendations for theAscomycota), together with recommendations these names, weresuppression and protection of some of explained by the INTRODUCTION that surroundThe taxonomic and nomenclatural problems generic names in the P'=++*9Q#"/='U=>=/=? VOLUME 7 · NO. 2 established under the auspices of the International Commissionestablished under the auspices of the International et al. 2016). One of Fungi (ICTF; Zhang on the , was proposed forof these generic names, Magnaporthe Magnaporthe issuppression by Zhang et al. (2016) because congeneric with Nakataea (Hara 1939) as the types of both genera, Nakataea sigmoidea (syn. !{ '*>/q ´"/=';$ having dark perithecia with long necks immersed in host tissue, unitunicate asci, and 4-celled fusiform hyaline to pale !{ '*>/$J† seven species were assigned to morphology, namely, M. salvinii namely, morphology, M. grisea!O'*>>$ al. 2012). Most of these species belong to other genera, { /==/$ M. poae Khemmuk et al.

Table 1. Collection details and GenBank accession numbers of isolates included in this study.

Species Voucher1 Substrate Locality GenBank accession no. 2

ITS LSU RPB1 TEF1

Annulusmagnus triseptatus \OJ'/99;' 5 France ]¡**U+?=

ARTICLE wood Bambusicularia brunnea \OJ';;+**T Sasa sp. K {?9?9;= {?9?*?9 {?9+=?;

Barretomyces calatheae \OG_'=U=T Calathea Brazil ]/*??*= longifolia Brunneosporella aquatica &{\\;>=9 J" &"{" GM';/;/U wood Budhanggurabania cynodonticola Oj_+*;=+T Cynodon G {'U/';? {'U/'?= {'U/'?; {'U/';9 dactylon spartinae G7\\//9?9T Spartina - K¬';?UUU 5¡;?'?*/ K¬';?>/= K¬';?U*/ # Calosphaeria pulchella \OJ''+*** Prunus avium France G>U'=>+ Camarops ustulinoides GM7/ - - 5¡?>=*?' 5¡?>''/' 5¡?>'=+= Coniochaeta ligniaria Djjq;=U'U J - G'*9;99 Cordana pauciseptata \OJ'/'9=? - J &XU>/'U=

Cryphonectria havanensis \OJ+=+U; Eucalyptus Russia GM?=9;;* saligna C. parasitica G7\\;9>++ Castanea JG Genome3 Genomea Genome3 Genome3 dentata eres \OJ'=*>U> Acer G GM?=9;+= campestre Diaporthe phaseolorum G7\\U?9=/ - - G;?U/>* Fluminicola coronata &{\\;>'> - &"{" GM';/;;/ oryzinus \OJ/;+;/ sativa JG K¬';?UU* K¬';?U9' K¬';?>/; K¬';?U*+

Harknessia eucalypti \OJ;?/*> Eucalyptus G GM?=9;U; regnans Lecythophora luteoviridis \OJ/=U;9 - J‡ MjU*'*9>

Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis Oj_+*;==T Agrostis G {7;U?>+; {7;U?>+? {7;U?>++ {7U9*U/; stolonifera M. poae G7\\U??'' Triticum JG KM?'?9;U KM?'?99+ KM>'=?;; KM>'=?'+ aestivum Nakataea oryzae G7\\??>+? K KM?'?9;9 KM?'?99> KM>'=??' KM>='?=U Neurospora crassa \q'*=/U - - GM/9U?'' leptosporum \OJ9*?>= 5 { K¬';?U>9 K¬';?U*= K¬';?>;/ K¬';?>=? O. dolichostomum Rotten wood K¬';?U>> K¬';?U9* K¬';?>;' K¬';?>=; \OJ''?*/U China O. commune M'==*9= Rotten wood China K¬';?U>+ K¬';?U9> K¬';?>/* K¬';?>=' $ Pinus sp. Canada GM/;?9;U G++LU] O. stenoceras GM7?9 - - 5¡?>=*+= 5¡?>''?; 5¡?>'=U*

Pseudophialophora eragrostis j77L Eragrostis sp. JG {MU9*U?9 {MU9*U;9 {MU9*U'9 {MU9*U/9 CM12m9T \OJ';;+*>T Kyllinga K {?9?9>U {?9?**/ {?9+=*U Pseudopyricularia kyllingae brevifolia Pyricularia grisea 9; sp. JG K¬';?U>' K¬';?U9; K¬';?>/+ K¬';?U*> P. oryzae >=L'+ - JG Genome4 Genome4 Genome4 Genome4

Togniniella acerosa \OJ'';U?9 5 D´ G>U'=>U wood

248 IMA FUNGUS Wongia gen. nov. for two root infecting fungi

Table 1. (Continued). ARTICLE Species Voucher1 Substrate Locality GenBank accession no. 2

ITS LSU RPB1 TEF1

Wongia garrettii 5Gj>U*;>T Cynodon G KU850474 KU850469 KU850467 dactylon %![ 5Gj9=+'/T Cynodon G KU850473 KU850471 dactylon × transvaalensis %![ Oj_U=;>> Cynodon G KU850472 KU850470 KU850468 KU850466 dactylon × transvaalensis 1GM7

T Type specimen or ex-type culture.

# _7J jO' qJ 7XM' † RESULTS \j /= 3 " ' 3 # +L'= " 5DG Molecular phylogeny '= 3 # " 5DG !D 7 " # q O_ X" O$ ' 3 # !'= 3$ > 3 # analyses had identical topologies and were well-supported sterile water with the thermal cycling program as follows: by bootstrap and posterior probabilities (Fig. 1). The analyses *9 :\ # ;= ;= # *9 :\ # '= +9MU/ :\ # comprised 36 taxa belonging to eight orders and two families ;= >/ :\ # ' E # >/ :\ in the subclass Diaporthomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). #'=\j"!{$ Camarops ustulinoides (Boniliales, Sordariomycetes) was # †" " used as the outgroup (Table 1). The phylogenetic analysis revealed Magnaporthe garrettii!5Gj>U*;>$![ Phylogenetic analysis !5Gj 9=+'/$ # L G † J† +' !'==Q'=$ Papulosaceae !] \GG _$G" " that sat outside Magnaporthales. The analysis provided #"GMM7UU''!{ 7/==9$ !U>Q=*;$##M. garrettii and and then the alignments concatenated for the phylogenetic ![ in Papulosaceae, which has not yet been assigned 5DG † ]O to any order of Diaporthomycetidae. Based on this analysis, 7' a new generic name is established here to accommodate M. "7OGJX garrettii and ![. _5 '**U9 " " E !q$ O _# !O_$ q jGEq TAXONOMY >/U " ]7j]GG # !J /==U$ " Wongia{]" j]Jgen. nov. ! M# $ " '=== OO9'>+/* maximum likelihood bootstrap replications. BI was done O ;'/ !j† et al. 2012), utilizing four EtymologyP D # G " parallel MCMC chains, which were allowed to run for 10 " 7 " ! # million generations, with sampling every 1000 generations J$ #" " + === " 7 # =/+ G " DiagnosisP 5## # " trees were visualized using FigTree (Morariu et al. 2009). Diaporthomycetidae in having non-amyloid apical rings in the asci with 3-septate ascospores that have dark brown middle cells and pale brown to subhyaline shorter distal cells.

VOLUME 7 · NO. 2 249 Khemmuk et al.

100/1.0 Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis BRIP 59300 Magnaporthiopsis poae ATCC 64411 Gaeumannomyces oryzinus CBS 235.32 100/1.0 Nakataea oryzae ATCC 44754 99/1.0 Buergenerula spartinae ATCC 22848 100/1.0 Budhanggurabania cynodonticola BRIP 59305

ARTICLE 99/1.0 Pseudophialophora eragrostis RUTTP CM12m9 Magnaporthales 100/1.0 Pyricularia oryzae 70-15 100/1.0 Pyricularia grisea M 83 99/1.0 Bambusicularia brunnea CBS 133599 Pseudopyricularia kyllingae CBS 133597 98/1.0 Ophioceras dolichostomum CBS 114926

100/1.0 Ophioceras commune YFM 1.00980 Diaporthomycetidae Ophioceras leptosporum CBS 894.70 97/1.0 Wongia griffinii BRIP 60377 100/1.0 Wongia griffinii DAR 80512 74/0.87 Wongia garrettii DAR 76937 Papulosaceae 67/0.93 95/1.0 Brunneosporella aquatica KHUCC 3708 Fluminicola coronata KHUCC 3717 Papulosa amerospora AFTOL-ID 748 100/1.0 Ophiostoma floccosum AU55-6 Ophiostomatales Ophiostoma stenoceras AFTOL-ID 1038 Annulusmagnus triseptatus CBS 128831 Annulatascales Thyridium vestitum AFTOL-ID 172 Thyridiaceae 100/1.0 Coniochaeta ligniaria C8 Conichaetales Lecythophora luteoviridis CBS 206.38 Cordana pauciseptata CBS 121804 Cordanales Cryptadelphia groenendalensis SMH 3767 Cryphonectria havanensis CBS 505.63 90/1.0 Cryphonectria parasitica ATCC 38755 Harknessia eucalypti CBS 342.97 99/1.0 Diaporthe phaseolorum ATCC 64802 95/1.0 Diaporthe eres CBS 109767 CBS 115999 100/1.0 Calosphaeria pulchella Calosphaeriales Togniniella acerosa CBS 113648 0.07 Camarops ustulinoides AFTOL-ID 72

Fig. 1."#E#_7JQqJQjO'Q7XM'"7 values from 1 000 replicates and posterior probabilities obtained in Bayesian analysis are indicated at the nodes. The scale bar indicates the expected changes per site. Ex-type cultures of species are indicated in bold.

Type species: Wongia garrettii!" q5$ Wongia garrettii!" q5${ {et al. 2016 ]" j]Jcomb. nov. !M"/GMO$ &#[: Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Diaportho- OO9'>+;= mycetidae. Basionym: Magnaporthe garrettii" q5 Australasian Plant Pathology 41: 326 (2012). Description: Mycelium#"\E hyphae, with simple hyphopodia. Ascomata perithecial, Type: Australia: South AustraliaPG\q" Gardens Bowling Club, on Cynodon dactylon, 30 Oct. 2004, aggregated in small groups, globose, black, ostiolate, with M.L. Dickinson!5Gj>U*;>M$ a long or short neck, perithecial wall composed of textura epidermoidea, external cell much darker. Paraphyses thin- Description and illustration: Wong et al. (2012). # !" G J"$ { Asci unitunicate in structure, cylindrical, mostly straight, ]" j]Jcomb. nov. short stalked, tapered towards a rounded apex, with a light !M"/\M5$ # L " 9L Ascospores OO9'>+;' uniseriate, cylindrical to fusiform, straight or slightly curved Basionym: [" GJ" with rounded ends, 3-septate, middle cells dark brown and Australasian Plant Pathology 41P;/>!/='/$ distal cells pale brown to subhyaline and shorter.

250 IMA FUNGUS Wongia gen. nov. for two root infecting fungi ARTICLE

Fig. 2. Morphological features of Wongia species. A–B. W. garrettii !5Gj >U*;> M $ A. Perithecium. B G C–D. %! [ !Oj_ U=;>9$ C. Perithecium. DGOPG 5‚'==3ZO5‚'=3

Type: Australia: Queensland: Coolum, Hyatt Coolum Golf placed in an order within Sordariomycetes ! Club, on Cynodon dactylon × transvaalensis,';/==9 Erikson 2000). Wongia is the fourth to be placed in M. Whatman!5Gj9=+'/M$ Papulosaceae, along with Brunneosporella !j" Hyde 2001), Fluminicola (Wong et al. 1999). and Papulosa Description and illustration: Wong et al. (2012) !{ ‰L{'**;$ in this family are found on submerged wood in freshwater Other specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Cobbitty, habitats and grow slowly in culture on potato dextrose on Cynodon dactylon, '* G /='; G. Beehag !Oj_ U=;>9$ " !j" & /=='$ Wongia garrettii and W. Queensland: Brisbane, on on Cynodon dactylon × transvaalensis, [ are morphologically different from other genera of K/===A.M. Stirling!Oj_U=;>>$ Papulosaceae in having non-amyloid apical rings in the asci " ‡R " "! X!/===$7" DISCUSSION of W. garrettii differentiate it from %! [ (Wong et al. /='/$ " !/?M;+ E UM* Magnaporthe is a synonym of Nakataea as their μm) than W. garrettii!'*M/+E+M>3$!"et al. 2012). respective type species, and GE#W. garrettii Nakataea sigmoidea # !{ or %! [ " '*>/ q ´" /='; {# et al. media under laboratory conditions (Wong et al. 2012). 2014, Zhang et al. 2016). This led us to re-examine two GM. garrettii and ![, pathogenic on roots of couch (Cynodon dactylon) and hybrid couch ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (C. dactylon × transvaalensis) (Wong et al. 2012). We establish Wongia here to accommodate these two "#G]R\ species, based on molecular and morphological analysis. j \ " !6 O\j\U/=9/$ Multigene analyses placed W. garrettii and %! [ "&DJG"!5Gj$# in Papulosaceae (Diaporthomycetidae, Sordariomycetes; "##†" Maharachchikumbura et al./='+$ support (Fig. 1). The Papulosaceae has not yet been

VOLUME 7 · NO. 2 251 Khemmuk et al.

REFERENCES j"‰7\{&{5!/=='$Brunneosporella aquatica gen. et sp. nov., Aqualignicola hyalina gen. et sp. nov., Jobellisia OX!'*>>$Magnaporthe, Telimenella, and Hyponectria (Physo- viridifusca sp. nov. and Porosphaerellopsis bipolaris sp. nov. sporellaceae). Mycologia 69P*+/M*UU (ascomycetes) from submerged wood in freshwater habitats. \ qG j GJ" ]& & GJ J# K Mycological Research 105PU/+MU;;

ARTICLE (2004) Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys j†M7G5q5"Get al. chartarum, the indoor air fungus. Mycological Research 108: !/='/$ O;/PX#O" # 9U?M9>/ and model choice across a large model space. Systematic \O\{q!/==/$G""" Biology 61P+;*M+?/ with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, J \q \ ] K´ O XG O" Magnaporthe oryzae, from M. grisea. Mycologia 94PU9;MU*; TI, et al. !/==*$ G L " # & { !'*;*$ 7he Diseases of the Rice-plant. 2nd edn. Gifu: Dothideomycetes. Studies in Mycology 64P'M'+ KJ#M" J5O5K!'*9;$Magnaporthe rhizophila sp. nov., a dark {{7&!/==9$jGMM7 mycelial fungus with a conidial state, from cereal †""[ 9P/9UM J G# Transactions of the British Mycological /*9 Society 81P>>M9' {# J 7 5 M X ] K´ \ J G !/==U$ jGEqL‰_L&\P E L et al. (2014) Resolving the polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. (). Studies in Mycology 79P9+M'/= Bioinformatics 22P/U99M/U*= { K ‰L{ O !'**;$ 7 " # 7KO7qJ7K!'**=$G Ascomycotina from saltmarsh Juncus. Systema Ascomycetum †" # #" jDG " # " 11P*+M'=U In: PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications (Innis { jG j{ !'*>/$ 7 " E ]# 5J K7$P;'+M;// J 5"P sexuality of the rice stem rot fungus, Magnaporthe salvinii G (Leptosphaeria salvinii). Mycologia 64P'=;M''? {X

252 IMA FUNGUS