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Cantharellaceae of Guyana II: New Species of Craterellus, New South

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Cantharellaceae of Guyana II: New Species of Craterellus, New South Mycologia, 106(2), 2014, pp. 307–322. DOI: 10.3852/106.2.307 # 2014 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Cantharellaceae of Guyana II: New species of Craterellus, new South American distribution records for Cantharellus guyanensis and Craterellus excelsus, and a key to the Neotropical taxa Terry W. Henkel1 examined from French Guiana, Venezuela, and north Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State central, northeastern and southern Brazil, circum- University, Arcata, California 95521 scribing nearly the entire Guiana Shield region and Andrew W. Wilson2 beyond. A new distribution record from French Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Conservation Science, Guiana is provided for Craterellus excelsus T.W. Glencoe, Illinois 60022 Henkel & Aime. Macromorphological, micromorpho- logical and habitat data are provided for the new M. Catherine Aime species and C. guyanensis as well as DNA sequence Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 data from the nuclear ribosomal regions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S large Janina Dierks3 subunit (LSU); additional sequence data is provided Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State for C. guyanensis and C. excelsus specimens collected University, Arcata, California 95521 outside Guyana. The relationships of these taxa Jessie K. Uehling within the Cantharellaceae were evaluated with Program in Genetics & Genomics, Duke University, phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data. Durham, North Carolina 27708 This work brings the total number of Cantharellaceae Melanie Roy species known from Guyana to eight. A key to the Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite´ Biologique, Universite´ Cantharellus and Craterellus species known from the Paul Sabatier – CNRS, Toulouse, France lowland Neotropics and extralimital montane Central and South America is provided. Heidy Schimann Key words: Cantharellales, Coccoloba, Dicymbe, UMR Ecologie des Foreˆts de Guyane, ECOFOG, ectomycorrhizae, Guiana Shield, tropical fungi Kourou, Guyane, France Felipe Wartchow INTRODUCTION Departamento de Sistema´tica e Ecologia/CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraı´ba, Joa˜o Pessoa, Paraiba, Wilson et al. (2012) summarized current knowledge Brazil of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal genera Canthar- Gregory M. Mueller ellus Adans. ex Fr. and Craterellus Pers. (Cantharella- Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Conservation Science, ceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) Glencoe, Illinois 60022 in the Neotropics. Six species originally described in Cantharellus were recorded from lowland Neotropical forests; two of them have been transferred to Abstract: Craterellus olivaceoluteus sp.nov.and Craterellus (Wilson et al. 2012, Yomyart et al. 2012); Craterellus cinereofimbriatus sp. nov. are described as two additional Cantharellus species recently were new to science. These fungi were collected from described from Brazil (Wartchow et al. 2012a, Guyana in association with ectomycorrhizal host trees Pinheiro and Wartchow 2013). Two species of in the genera Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpi- Cantharellus are known from montane Colombian nioideae) and Pakaraimaea (Dipterocarpaceae). or Costa Rican Quercus forests (Petersen and Mueller Cantharellus guyanensis Mont., originally described 1992, Eyssartier et al. 2003), and one extralimital from French Guiana, is redescribed from recent species from southern South American Nothofagus collections from Guyana, with additional range forests (Petersen and Mueller 1992). For Craterellus, extensions for the species provided based on material five species are known from tropical lowland South America when including the new species and combi- Submitted 26 Apr 2013; accepted for publication 25 Sep 2013. nations described in Wilson et al. (2012). Three 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] additional Craterellus species are known from mon- 2 Current address: Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 tane Colombian or Costa Rican Quercus forests (Wu 3 Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State and Mueller 1995). As currently known, species University, Boise, Idaho, 83725 diversity of these two widely distributed ECM genera 307 308 MYCOLOGIA is low for the Neotropics, given that . 350 names from the Upper Mazaruni River Basin within a 6 km radius have been proposed worldwide among the two of a base camp at 5u 26921.30N; 60u04943.10W, 800 m, from genera. forests co-dominated by ECM Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea Nearly half of the known Neotropical Cantharella- Maguire & P.S. Ashton and Dicymbe jenmanii Sandw. (Smith ceae diversity resides in the central Guiana Shield et al. 2013), and May 2011 from the Upper Demerara River Basin at Mabura Ecological Reserve, within 2 km of a field region of northeastern South America, where species station at 5u 09919.00N, 58u41958.90W, 100 m, in mono- of Craterellus, and to a lesser extent Cantharellus, are dominant stands of D. altsonii. From French Guiana, well represented in primary rainforests dominated by collections were made in Jan 2011 from Nouragues field ECM canopy trees of the genus Dicymbe (Fabaceae station near 4u4924.00N, 52u 4491.00W, 120 m, and in Jun subfam. Caesalpinioideae), Aldina (Fabaceae subfam. 2012 from Paracou field station located near 5u16954.00N, Papilionoideae) and Pakaraimaea (Dipterocarpa- 52u549440W, 10 m. From Venezuela, collections of C. ceae) (Smith et al. 2011, 2013; Henkel et al. 2012). guyanensis were made in Jun 2000 on Isla Redonda in Lago The synopsis of regional taxa provided by Wilson et al. Guri near 7u 42932.300N, 62u54901.430W, 250 m. In French (2012) indicated that the cantharelloid species known Guiana and Venezuela collections were made in mixed from Guyana were Cantharellus guyanensis Mont., rainforests in proximity to trees of ECM Neea spp. Craterellus pleurotoides (T.W. Henkel, Aime & S.L. (Nyctaginaceae) or lianas of ECM Coccoloba (Polygonaceae) Mill.) A.W. Wilson, Craterellus excelsus T.W. Henkel & species. From northeastern Brazil collections of C. guya- Aime, Craterellus atratoides T.W. Henkel, Aime & A.W. nensis were made in Pernambuco, Jun 2010, in an Atlantic forest fragment containing ECM Coccoloba and Guapira Wilson, Craterellus strigosus T.W. Henkel, Aime & (Nyctaginaceae) species at Refu´gio Ecolo´gico Charles A.W. Wilson, Craterellus atratus Yomyart et al. and two Darwin near 7u 489370S, 34u279250W (Costa-Lima 1998, undescribed morphospecies of Craterellus, for a total Santiago and Barros 2003, Alves-Arau´jo et al. 2008, Melo of eight between the two genera. Here we describe et al. 2011). Paraı´ba collections were made Apr 2011 at two new species, Craterellus olivaceoluteus sp. nov. and Reserva Ecolo´gicaMatadoPau-Ferronear6u589120S, Craterellus cinereofimbriatus sp. nov. based on material 35u429250W, in an upland wet forest of the Brazilian semi- from Guyana, provide a new distribution record for C. arid zone, where at least two species of ECM Guapira occur excelsus from French Guiana, and a new distribution (Barbosa et al. 2004). record and redescription of C. guyanensis based on Macromorphological features of basidiomata were de- numerous collections from Guyana. Additional range scribed fresh in the field. Colors were described subjectively extensions and putative host associations are provided and coded according to Kornerup and Wanscher (1978), for C. guyanensis based on material examined from with color plates noted in parentheses. Fungi were field-dried French Guiana, Venezuela and Brazil. Macromorpho- with silica gel. Micromorphological features of fresh speci- mens were examined with an EPOI field microscope with logical, micromorphological and habitat data are light optics; dried specimens were examined in the labora- provided for C. olivaceoluteus, C. cinereofimbriatus tory with an Olympus BX51 microscope with light and phase and C. guyanensis, and DNA sequence data from the contrast optics. For basidiospores, basidia, hyphal features nuclear ribosomal regions of the internal transcribed and other structures at least 20 individual structures were spacer (ITS) and 28S large subunit (LSU) are measured for each specimen examined for all species treated provided for each; additional sequence data is in this study. Rehydrated fungal tissue was mounted in H2O, provided for C. guyanensis and C. excelsus specimens 3% KOH, and Melzer’s solution. Line drawings were made collected outside Guyana. The relationships of these with tracing paper and modified with Photoshop CS5 taxa within the Cantharellaceae were assessed with (Adobe, San Jose, California). Specimens were deposited in phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data. these herbaria: BRG 5 University of Guyana; HSU 5 A key to the Cantharellus and Craterellus taxa known Humboldt State University; PUL 5 Purdue University; TL from the lowland Neotropics and extralimital mon- 5 Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse; JPB 5 Universidade Federal da Paraı´ba, Joa˜o Pessoa; NY 5 New York Botanical tane Central and South America is provided. Garden (Holmgren et al. 1990). Additional specimens of C. guyanensis collected by R. Singer (central Brazil) and A. de MATERIALS AND METHODS Meijer (southern Brazil) and Craterellus orinocensis Pat. & Gaillard by R.E. Halling (Venezuela) were examined on loan Collections.—Collections were made during the May–Jul from the Tennessee Fungus Herbarium (TENN). rainy seasons of 2000–2004, 2006–2010, 2012 and 2013 from the Upper Potaro River
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