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WEER Antologia 30Liecie Tom19.Indd WEER vol Warsaw . XI/2020 East European SELECTED ARTICLES FROM A DECADE OF THE WARSAW EAST EUROPEAN REVIEW EUROPEAN EAST WARSAW THE OF DECADE A FROM ARTICLES SELECTED Review Volume XI/2020 SELECTED ARTICLES FROM A DECADE OF THE WARSAW EAST EUROPEAN REVIEW LAT ALLEN C. LYNCH (UNITED STATES) | MAGDALENA DEMBIŃSKA (CANADA) | RICHARD Jubileusz Studium J. HUNTER, LEO V. RYAN (UNITED STATES) | ŽIVKA DELEVA, ANTONÍN MIKEŠ (CZECH Europy Wschodniej REPUBLIC) | NÓRA ANNA LANTOS, NÓRA ORSOLYA BALÁZS (HUNGARY) | MARION Uniwersytet Warszawski Rzeczpospolita Polska KIPIANI (GEORGIA) | PALINA PRYSMAKOVA (UNITED STATES) | TEIMURAZ PAPASKIRI Ministerstwo 1990-2020 Spraw Zagranicznych (GEORGIA) | AGNIESZKA LEGUCKA (POLAND) | KRZYSZTOF ŻĘGOTA (POLAND) | KAZIMIERZ DADAK (UNITED STATES) | RUDOLF PIKHOIA (RUSSIA) | MARIA MAGDALENA STROIŃSKA (CANADA) | GRAŻYNA DRZAZGA (THE NETHERLANDS) | MATTHEW BRYZA (UNITED STATES) | GRAEME HERD (UNITED KINGDOM) | MAŁGORZATA ZAWADZKA (POLAND) | KONRAD ZASZTOWT (POLAND) | ALFONSAS EIDINTAS (LITHUANIA) | FRANCIŠAK VIAČORKA (BELARUS) | GORDON N. BARDOS (UNITED STATES) | NICOLA R MELLERE (ITALY) | WERONIKA MICHALAK, ZBIGNIEW KARACZUN (POLAND) Volume XI/2020 Selected Articles from a Decade of the Warsaw East European Review W serii „30 tomów na 30-lecie Studium Europy Wschodniej” tom № 19 Editor-in-Chief / Redaktor John S. Micgiel (Studium Europy Wschodniej UW) Editing of the series “30 volumes for the 30th anniversary of SEW” / Redakcja językowa serii „30 tomów na 30-lecie SEW” Marek Gołkowski (Studium Europy Wschodniej UW) Secretariat of the series/Sekretariat serii Aleksander Skydan (Studium Europy Wschodniej UW) Proof-reading/Korekta językowa: Studium Europy Wschodniej UW (John S. Micgiel) Book design/Projekt książki Studium Europy Wschodniej UW (Jan Malik) Cover design/Projekt okładki Studium Europy Wschodniej UW (Hubert Karasiewicz) Layout/Skład i łamanie Jan Malik Printing & binding/Druk i oprawa Duo Studio Distribution/Kolportaż: tel. +48 22 55 27 990 e-mail: [email protected] © by Studium Europy Wschodniej UW Warsaw 2020 UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI First edition ISBN: 978-83-61325-64-2 ISSN: 2299-2421 W serii „30 tomów na 30-lecie Studium” – tom No 19/30 In the series „30 volumes for the 30th anniversary of the Study” – volume No 19/30 Zadanie Publiczne współfinansowane przez Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych RP w konkursie „Dyplomacja Publiczna 2020 – nowy wymiar” The publication expresses only the point of view of authors and cannot be equated to the official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland. Rzeczpospolita Polska Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych Table of Contents Jan Malicki Jubileusz. Studium Europy Wschodniej. 1990-2020 „30 tomów na 30-lecie” 30 years of centre for east european studies (1990–2020) „30 volumes for the 30th anniversary” ......................................................................... 9 Dr. John S. Micgiel Foreword ........................................................ 11 Allen C. Lynch (United States) The Logic of Geopolitics in American-Russian Relations (WEER 2012) ............................................................... 15 Magdalena Dembińska (Canada) Fluctuating Images of Enemies and Friends: Abkhazia With Turkish Cyprus’ Lens (WEER 2013) .................................... 25 Richard J. Hunter, Leo V. Ryan (United States) Economic Transformation and Privatization (WEER 2013) ............................................................ 51 Živka Deleva, Antonín Mikeš (Czech Republic) Micro level factors leading to a migratory decision: Migrant groups in the Czech Republic (WEER 2014) ......... 65 Nóra Anna Lantos, Nóra Orsolya Balázs (Hungary) Stereotypes of the political left and right in Hungary (WEER 2014) .................................................... 87 Marion Kipiani (Georgia) Georgia’s Road to NATO: Everything but Membership? (WEER 2015) ......................................................................... 105 Palina Prysmakova (United States) Where are We on the European Map? Comparing Public Service Motivation in Central and Eastern Europe with Neighboring Countries (WEER 2015) ................................................. 123 Teimuraz Papaskiri (Georgia) Reconsidering Russian Foreign Policy in the 21st Century (WEER 2016). 139 Agnieszka Legucka (Poland) Russia’s Peacekeeping Operations in the Post-Soviet Space: “Mirotvorchestvo” Applied (WEER 2016). 147 Krzysztof Żęgota (Poland) The Kaliningrad Region - Key to Security in East-Central Europe (WEER 2016) ................................................................. 159 Kazimierz Dadak (United States) Price of Aggression: The Impact of Sanctions on the Russian Economy (WEER 2016) .................................................. 173 Rudolf Pikhoia (Russia) How the Socialist Economy was destroyed in the USSR (One reason for the collapse of the country) (WEER 2017). 183 Maria Magdalena Stroińska (Canada), Grażyna Drzazga (The Netherlands) Public and Private Hate Speech in Poland (WEER 2017). 199 Matthew Bryza (United States) Shaking the Foundation: the Trump Administration and NATO’s East (WEER 2018) ........................................................ 213 Graeme Herd (United Kingdom) Remarks on Regional Security (WEER 2018) ........ 223 Małgorzata Zawadzka (Poland) Kremlin Propaganda and Disinformation in Georgia: tools, channels, narratives (WEER 2018) .............................................. 227 Konrad Zasztowt (Poland) Turkey and East Central Europe: idealism, pragmatism, misperception or clash of interests? (WEER 2018). 239 Alfonsas Eidintas (Lithuania) From a Common to a National State(s) and the Lithuanian-Polish Dispute (WEER 2019) .............................................. 251 Francišak Viačorka (Belarus) The Structure of Government Elites within the Regime of Alaksandar Lukashenka (WEER 2019). 265 Gordon N. Bardos (United States) The Balkan Front in the New Cold War (WEER 2019) ......................................................................... 289 Nicola Mellere (Italy) Nord Stream 2: Current State of the Project and its implications for European Energy (WEER 2020) ...................................... 313 Weronika Michalak, Zbigniew Karaczun (Poland) Climate change and health (WEER 2020) ......................................................................... 331 Jubileusz. Studium Europy Wschodniej. 1990-2020 „30 tomów na 30-lecie” zas biegnie niezwykle szybko. Tym na pozór banalnym stwierdzeniem chciałbym opisać odczucia moje własne, jako osoby od lat kierującej Studi- um Europy Wschodniej, a także i moich kolegów, którzy stwierdziwszy fakt zbliżającego się Jubileuszu 30-lecia, przyjęli to z ogromnym zaskocze- niem. To prawda, można się zastanawiać, jak to się stało, że 30 lat przebiegło tak szybko, ale ogromnie uspokaja nadzieja, wręcz przekonanie, że tego czasu nie zmarnowaliśmy. Nasze 30-lecie to bowiem setki konferencji, to setki wydawnictw, to już tysiące absol- wentów szkół i programów stypendialnych, to także rozległa współpraca międzynarodowa, która zaowocowała wręcz założeniem kilku Stacji SEW poza granicami. A wreszcie to przywrócenie, w 1998 r., po ponad półwieczu nieistnienia regularnych studiów wschod- nich w Polsce (ostatni nabór studentów, w Wilnie i Warszawie, przeprowadzono latem 1939 r.). A dziś, w dniu Jubileuszu 30-lecia, Studium może się chlubić grupą już kilkuset absolwentów – młodych dobrze wykształconych specjalistów „od spraw wschodnich”, osiągających niekiedy już poważne kariery, pochodzących przy tym zarówno z Polski, jak i dzięki stypendiom rządowym, z całego regionu. Tu mogę jedynie potwierdzić – „kadry są najważniejsze”… Zacząłem się zastanawiać, jak można i jak należy ten Jubileusz uczcić. Zbiegło się to z faktem, że rok 2020 jest naprawdę rokiem nadzwyczajnym. Rozwój epidemii koronawirusa przyniósł decyzję zamknięcia najpierw zajęć akademickich i przeniesienia ich do systemu on line, a następnie przejście całego Zespołu Studium na wiele tygodni do pracy zdal- nej. To, wbrew pozorom, pomogło w decyzji o sposobach uczczenia Jubileuszu, albowiem pozwoliło zmienić bieżące obowiązki administracyjne na spisywanie, opracowywanie i ko- rekty tekstów. xi | 2020 | 9 Introduction Postanowiliśmy bowiem uczcić Jubileusz jednostki dydaktyczno-naukowej w sposób wzorcowo naukowy – przez wydanie serii książek. Początkowy plan obejmował jedynie edycję kilku podręczników profesorów wizytujących, którzy wykładali dla studentów Studiów Wschodnich w ciągu ostatniego 10-lecia. Ale następnie plany i ambicje stawały się coraz większe i rozległe. W ich wyniku seria podręczników profesorów wizytujących zajmie jedynie pierwsze 10 pozycji. Jest to seria bardzo ważna, bardzo znacząca, a książki te latami będą służyć studentom Studiów Wschodnich i zapewne nie tylko. Ale ta sytuacja wirusowa oraz kierująca niżej podpisanym ambicja nadzwyczajnego uczczenia Jubileuszu doprowadziły do rezultatu, jestem przekonany, również nadzwyczajnego. Oto w roku, w którym wirus zablokował lub uniemożliwił większość prac na uczelniach, nam udało się przygotować 30 tomów w ogromnej większości całkowicie oryginalnych, bądź na nowo opracowanych. Tak właśnie zespół Studium Europy Wschodniej przygotował i uczcił Jubi- leusz swego 30-lecia – „30 tomów na 30-lecie Studium”. Dziękuję Redaktorowi, dziękuję wszystkim autorom artykułów niniejszego tomu, dziękuję Redakcji, dziękuję wszystkim Autorom całej serii, dziękuję wszystkim osobom, dzięki którym ten wspaniały plan udało się w tak trudnym czasie zrealizować. Składam gratulacje obecnym i
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