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Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart Kentucky Geological Survey
2017 Kentucky Stratigraphy with Stage Correlations Stephen F. Greb University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u.
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Repository Citation Greb, Stephen F., "Kentucky Stratigraphy with Stage Correlations" (2017). Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart. 209. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_mc/209
This Map and Chart is brought to you for free and open access by the Kentucky Geological Survey at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP AND CHART 210 William C. Haneberg, State Geologist and Director Series XII, 2017 UNIVERSITY of KENTUCKY, Lexington Kentucky Stratigraphy https://doi.org/10.13023/kgs.mc210.12 With Stage Correlations Compiled by Stephen F. Greb
North American Western Kentucky Western Kentucky Central Kentucky Eastern Kentucky Million Million Western ca n Western Kentucky Western Kentucky Central Kentucky Eastern Kentucky International European years International years Stage (Mississippi Embayment) (Illinois Basin) (Cincinnati Arch) (Appalachian Basin) European (Mississippi Embayment) Era Era age s (Illinois Basin) (Cincinnati Arch) (Appalachian Basin) Stage North North Stage Stage (and regional ago Stage Sub- ago Seri es Glacial st Seri es System (Epoch) System Rock Units Stage (Epoch) substages) Rock Units Rock Units Rock Units Ameri Rock Units Rock Units Rock Units Rock Units Holocene 0 Late Upper (Tarantian) 0 Quarter- See Holocene-Pleistocene detail (larger scale) See Holocene-Pleistocene detail (larger scale) Tyrrhenian Rancho- Peoria loess nary Pleistocene ? en e labrean Big Bone Lick fossils Most of Kentucky’s c Holo- Roxana silt Loveland loess Piacenzian Piacenzian 2.6 Middle sinan (mostly less than floodplain sediments Wiscon- “Metropolis Fm.” Ohio River
Pliocene Blancan lli noian (alluvium) are less than ? I ? 10,600 years old) Zanclean Zanclean “Mounds Gravel” Middle (Ionian) Sicilian floodplain 5.3 10,000 years old Messinian Messinian (Lafayette Gravel, sediments Hemphillian continental deposits) (alluvium) are 0 to 20,000 Old Kentucky River 1.0 ppe r fluvial deposits Sangamonian U Tortonian Tortonian years old ? Clarendonian 10 Calabrian Calabrian ? Irvingtonian
Pleistocene ? Serravallian Serravallian Quaternary Ohio River in its present valley Barstovian Cenozoic ?
Early Irvine Fm.
Pre-Illinoian The “Mounds Gravel” Neogene par t Langhian Langhian par t Lower levels formed (Older down- 2.0
Miocene may be as young as stream to west) Hemingfordian Gelasian Gelasian the Early Pleistocene Mammoth Cave Burdigalian Burdigalian er tiary Upper levels formed Blancan Previously Previously of of Plioc ene Previously Previously 20 of T ? Lo wer Middle 2.59 Aquitanian Aquitanian 23
ppe r Chattian Chattian Million nahua c U Western North Arikareean A International Western Kentucky Western Kentucky Central Kentucky Eastern Kentucky years European American (Mississippi Embayment)
Chickasawayan Era Stage (Illinois Basin) (Cincinnati Arch) (Appalachian Basin) ago ciozoneC
Seri es Stage Stage System (Epoch) Rock Units 30 Substage Rock Units Rock Units Rock Units
en e Oligoc Rupelian Rupelian Whitneyan 359 Lo wer ? Vicks- Cone- 360
bu rgian Cleveland Shale Mbr. Orellan wangoan )yraitreT fo trap ylsuoiverp( trap fo )yraitreT Berea Ss. (Bradfordian) be r Three Lick Bed 33.9 Hannibal Maury Fm.? equivalent Bedford Sh. k- . Chadronian Jackson ? Member Creek gg ppe r
Priabonian Priabonian Mem Jac
U Upper sonia n Fm. uqu an U. Sha le Famennian Famennian Cle “Cockfield Fm.” Duchesnean Camp Run M. Middle Bartonian Bartonian “Cook 40 Grassy Mbr. Gassaway Mountain Morgan L. Fm.” Creek Mbr. Ohio Chauta Trail (of Chattanooga Sh.) Lower (in south-central Ky.) Sha le Sha le Member Member 370 ne Fms. Ca ss adagan Uintan “Sparta Huron Shale Mbr.
Middle Fm.” (in central and east-central Ky.)
Lutetian Upper Lutetian Upper Olentangy Shale Unnamed Selmier K-bentonite, Eo c en e Bridgerian and bo r Clai Member Rhinestreet Chattanooga Dowelltown Shale, in Claibornian ph is s and ”) Frasnian Frasnian Member Shale
Claiborne Fm.Claiborne (Gp.) Tennessee New Albany Albany New ? New Albany Albany New
Cohocton (of Chattanooga Sh.) (Chemungian) cks on 50 (upper) “Tallahata Fm.” Ja und ivided (“ Mem
Ypresian Ypresian Sene can ? ? ? ? Blocher Mbr. 380
Lo wer Finger- Wasatchian lakesian (of New Albany Sh.)
leogene ? ? ? Chattanooga Shale ? Wilcox Fm. Portwood Mbr. Clayton (lower) New Albany Shale Pa Clarkforkian Taghanic ? (of New Albany Sh.) 56 Blocher Mbr.
Formation Sweetland Creek Mbr. Givetian Givetian Portwood Mbr. Duffin bed ppe r Thanetian Thanetian in southern Tioughniogan
Tiffanian Sabinian U Illinois ? Boyle Do. Cazenovian Sellersburg Ls. ? Beechwood Mbr. Porters Creek Clay 60 on ian Mid. Selandian Selandian Torrejonian Silver Creek Mbr. Marcellus Shale Erian Clayton Middle Grand ? 390 Eifelian Eifelian Tower ?
Paleocene Formation Jeffersonville Limestone Onondaga Group Dev Ls. South- Danian Danian Midway
Puercan woodian Lo wer Midwayan Dutch Creek Ss. Limestone 66 Tioga “B” ? K-bentonite, ? “Owl Creek Fm.” Owl Creek Onondaga
(undivided) Formation Maastrichtian Maastrichtian McNairy and Formation, McNairy Fm. 70 in southern Clear Illinois Virginia Navarroan
Fms. Creek Emsian Emsian 400 ? “Coffee sand” Limestone Clayton ? McNairy Fm. ear Creek Ls. Cl ear Creek ? Esopusian Clear Clear CreekChert Previously Onesquethawan (The McNairy Formation
pa nian ? pa nian of western Kentucky may Backbone Limestone Tayloran ? “Post Creek Fm.” contain some of the Lo wer
ciozoseM Oriskany Coffee sand and Post 80 Ulsterian Grassy Cam Cam Creek Formation of Deer Pragian Siegenian Knob Grassy Knob Limestone ? Sandstone bordering states) Parkian Chert 410 ?? Upper Santonian Santonian Gulfian (The Tuscaloosa Flat Flat Gap Helderberg Au stinian Formation in western Lochkovian Gedinnian
Cretaceous Gap Coniacian Coniacian Kentucky may be Limestone Limestone younger than at its Ls. type location)
90 Helderbergian 419 Turonian Turonian ? 420
do li Bailey Limestone Tuscaloosa Fm. none Pridoli Bailey Brownsport Fm. Salina Pri Limestone Decatur Ls. ? ? Cayugan Lobelville Mbr. Dolomite
Eaglefordian Ludfordian Bob Member Cenomanian Cenomanian Ludlow Moccasin Moccasin Beech River Mbr. (Previously (Previously Upper)
Ludlo w Springs Fm. Dixon Ls. Gorstian Springs Lockport Lego Ls. Louisville Ls. 100.5 Lock- Fm. Dolomite Homerian portian Waldron Sh. ? 430 Wenlock St. Clair Laurel Do. Bisher Do. Keefer Ss.
Middle) St. Clair
Unconformity (Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower to Middle Cretaceous strata are absent in Kentucky) (Previously Sheinwoodian Wenlock Limestone Osgood Fm. Limestone Estill Shale Mbr. Crab Orchard Fm. of Crab Orchard Fm. ha le S il urian Niagaran
Waco Ls. Mbr. Fm.ha rd Changhsingian 252 ? ? ? ? Lee Creek Mbr.
Cli ntonian Lulbegrud Sh. Mbr. Alger S Paleozoic Telychian Drowning RoseSh. Hill Lo wer) Oldham Ls. Mbr. ?
? ? Sexton Creek Ls. Brassfield Do. Plum Creek Sh. Mbr. ab Orc Creek Fm.
Ochoan Cr Wuchiapingian Aeronian Alexandrian 440 Lopingian Tuscarora (Previously (Previously Llandovery Llandovery Rhuddanian Brassfield Do. Brassfield Mbr. S andstone 260 Belfast Mbr. (of Brassfield Do.) of Drowning Creek Fm. Hirnantian Bull Fork Fm. Drakes Fm. 444
Upper Gamachian Capitanian Western Grant Lake Ls. Elliott County kimberlite Tatarian Kentucky Drakes Fm. Fairview Ashgillian Fm.
Cumber- an ” Fluorspar Richmondian Bull Fork Fm. Juniata Fm. land Fm. Mud Cave District Katian Maquoketa Shale Grant Lake Ls. Ashlock Fm. ded in do vici (Millbrig) dikes (Ordovician VI) Maysvillian Leipers Fm. Calloway Ck. Fm. Garrard Slt.
Wordian s ub surface Martins-
Cincinnatian 450 Clays Kope Fm. Clays Ferry or Kope Fm. und ivi ada lupian ada lupian Edenian Clays K-bentonite Ferry Fm. Pt. Pleasant tongue Or “U. burg Fm. Western Shermanian Ferry ? ha t- Fm. Gu
Gu Kirkfieldian C Kimmswick Ls. Lexington Ls. Lexington Ls. Upper fieldian Trenton Ls. Kentucky Rocklandian Roadian Kazanian Tyrone Ls./Oregon Fm. do cian High High Fluorspar Black High Bridge Group oha wkian Plattin Ls. Elliott Sandbian Plattin Ls. Bridge Camp Bridge
M Riveran (Black River Group) District Turinian Group Nelson Gp. Gp. County (Ordovician V) Pecatonica Ls. Pecatonica Ls. igneous Cara Wells ? ? Joachim and Joachim Do. igneous Creek Wells Creek Wells Creek Leonardian intrusions zy an Dutchtown Fms. Pencil Cave Dutchtown Fm. Dolomite Dolomite Kungurian Kungurian intrusion undivided Dolomite 460 (Deicke)
Cha ? ? ? Permian Llanviran St. Peter Ss. St. Peter Ss. St. Peter Ss. St. Peter Ss. K-bentonite ? 280 Darriwilian Middle previously Champlainian Series Middle Whiterockian unna med Everton Do. do vician Dapingian Artinskian Artinskian (Ord. III) Near Tennessee: Near Tennessee: Or Rangerian Black Rock Mbr. 470 Mascot Do. Mascot Do. Cisuralian Kingsport Do. Kingsport Do. ?
Arenig Smithville Fm. 290 Floian inia n “upper Knox”
? Waverly Arch ill sian “upper Longview Do. Longview Do.
B la ck- ? (Arenigian, h Powell Do. Knox” undivided Cass
Wolfcampian Ordovician II) Sakmarian Sakmarian Cotter Dolomite ? ian ad ian Series ? Shakopee ff er- ulea n on ian T Jefferson City Do. Je
Lo wer Dolomite s ?
Lo wer ? Asselian Asselian Mauzy Fm. Roubidoux Do. 480 Tremadocian Ibexian ? ? Beekmantown Beek- (Gasconadian, Tremadocian Oneota Do. 299 previously Can Gasconade Do. mantown Stairsian and 300 Ordovician I) ck ian Dolomite Conemaugh Demingian hepu l- Autunian Gunter Ss. Gunter Ss. hepu l- Dolomite Beekmantown Gp. epe c Do. C C ll ro t
Gzehlian tepec Do.
ciozoelaP ? ? Mattoon Fm. Monongehala onad ian Gasc ? Virgilian ? C ? ? ? 485 Fms. (undivided) Sku Supe rgroup bo ro Gp. B ? Eminence Supe rgroup Rose Run Ss. Rose Run Ss. Upper ? Bond Fm. Stage10 A Conemaugh Dolomite Kasimovian ? Group Kno x
suorefinobraC Missourian Lean s an ian Canta- Copper Steph- Patoka Fm. Copper Copper Tremp- ap tan
brian Formation ealeaua n x Kno x x Kno x Potosi Dolomite Group Kno x ? Mc Ridge Ridge Ridge 490
Shelburn Fm. one th (D) Asturian Desmoinesian Carbondale Fm. Princess Ar/Ar Jiangshanian Dolomite
S un w Dolomite Dolomite ? Formation 310 Upper Furongian on ian Elvins Fm. ou p Moscovian Fire Clay Meri
? Gr Four Middle (C) coal ea n Paibian ill ardan Step- Maynardsville Ls.
Corners to
Tradewater tonstein Franc ee k Formation U-Pb M Eau Claire Eau Claire Eau Claire Bolsovian Atokan International position Formation Grundy Fm. Lower Formation Formation Formation Nolichucky Shale ia n Pe nnsylvan ? Traditional Duck- Corbin Ss. Hyden Fm. U-Pb Upper Upper Banner ? Guzhangian U.S. position (B) mantian oon Cr old Westphalian old Pikeville Fm. Livingston Cgl. coal Conasauga Sh. 500 ? ?
(A) Langsettian previously St. Croixan Series ? ? ? Maryville Racc Bee Rock Ss. tonstein ? Caseyville Fm. ba chian Dres ? Mount Mount Mount Yeadonian Alvy Creek Fm. “Basal Ss.” Ls. Bashkirian Breathitt Gp. 320 Drumian (C) Marsdenian Sewanee Ss. and Bottom Creek Fm. Marjumian Simon Ss. No units subdivided Simon Ss. Simon Ss. Kinderscoutian Morrowan ? Lo wer
Warren Point Ss. Series 3 in the deeper part of Rogersville Sh.
Alportian non e (B) the Rough Creek azan Middle Chokierian 323 Top- Rutledge Ls. Degonia Fm. Slade Mbrs. (NE Ky.) Stage 5 Graben above the
Grove Conasauga Group Paragon Fm. Pine Mountain and Pumpkin Church Sh. Buffalo Poppin Rock Mbr. St. David’s Valley Sh. Clore Ls. In SE-SC Ky. near Virginia Reelfoot Arkose Lincolnian ? Namurian Carter (A) Palestine Fm. Kinkaid Ls. Wallow Fm. Maddox Br. Mbr. Elviran Ramey Creek Mbr. Caves Delamaran Menard Ls. Pennington Fm. ? 510 Serpukhovian Leitchfield Tygarts Creek Mbr., Ss. Pennington Fm./Gp. Waltersburg Fm. Holly Fork Mbr., ? ?
Upper Bangor Ls. Vienna Ls. Fm. Armstrong Hill Mbr., “Bramwell Mbr.” “Bluestone Stage 4 & Cave Br. Bed Rome Hombergian Tar Springs Ss. Hartselle Fm. “Pride Sh. Mbr.” Fm.” Shady Do. ? Golconda Fm. Mill Knob Mbr. Fm. Glen Dean Ls. Paint Creek Ls. Kidder “Little Stone Dyeran Reelfoot Arkose Arch ti Chesterian Girkin Warix Gasperian Mont- Ls. Mbr. “Hinton ? “Basal Sandstone” Hardinsburg Ss. Renault Ls. Renault Ls. Paoli Ls. Fm. eagle Run Mbr. Gap Mbr.” Haney Ls. Ste. Gen. “Stony Gap Mbr.” Fm.” Genevievian Gol- Ste. Genevieve Ls. Ls. Ls. Mbr. Ste. Gen. Ls. Mbr. Series 2 Series conda Big Clifty Ss. St. Louis Ls. Cambrian Stage 3 Monte- Cincinna Fm. Beech Creek Ls. St. Louis Ls. zuman Front Grenville Cypress Ss. Burnside Mbr. Newman Ls. Waucoban Rough Creek Graben Rome Trough suorefinobraC rewoL suorefinobraC (Slade Fm.) or Paint Reelsville Ls. Salem- Salem Ls. ? Sample Ss. Salem Ls. St. Louis Mbr. 520 Creek Warsaw Fms. (Newman Ls.)
Mera- Beaver Bend Ls. Visean Visean Ls. Harrods- w Fms. mecian Bethel Ss. (undivided) burg Ls. Fm. S lade Middle Renfro Mbr. Aux Vases Ss. Warsaw Fm. 340 Warsa Salem- (of Slade ? Muldraugh Fort Payne Fm. or Borden Fm.) Stage 2 Fort Payne Formation Member (Chert) or (Borden Fm.) ? ? Lo wer ea n Maccrady Fm.
sly Valmeyeran ou sly ? “reef ls.” (Ft. Payne Fm.) Floyds Nada Mbr. (on Pine Mountain)
Knob bed Caerfai Mississippian ? Nancy Cowbell Mbr. previ Mbr. New Osag New Providence Sh. Providence 530 ? Shale Mbr.
Fm. ne Farmers Mbr. ? (Borden Rockford Ls. ? Formation Borden ? Fm.) unna med previously Dinantian ? 350 ? be d Rockford Ls. Rockford Ls. Terreneuvian ? ? ? Grainger Fortunian Jacobs Formation Chapel Jacobs Chapel bed en ley
H (on Pine Mountain) Lo wer
Fort Pay equivalent ha le
den ce bed pa rt) ou rnaisian ou rnaisian ? T
T ? Kinder- hoo kian Hannibal Sh. Falling equivalent ha le ( Mbr., Mbr., New Run “M au ry Sh.” S Mbr., New Sunbury Shale Hannibal Hannibal Sh. 540 Albany Albany S bed New New Provi Albany Sh. ? ? 541 Gassaway Member, 359 Chattanooga Shale Precambrian Unconformity Change in time scale Era SystemSystem Explanation 541 This stratigraphic chart shows correlations of Kentucky rock units scaled to the International WesternWestern Kentucky Kentucky WesternWestern Kentucky Kentucky CentralCentral Kentucky Kentucky EasEasterntern Kentucky Kentucky Ediacaran 600 (Mi(Mississssiippissippi Embayment) Embayment) (Illi(noisIllinois Bas Bin)asin) (Cincinnati(Cincinnati Arch) Arch) (Appal(Appalachianachian Bas Bin)asin) 635 Commission on Stratigraphy time scale (Gradstein and others, 2012; Cohen and others, 2013). Explanation Covington 39° 700 Rock-unit names for four general geologic regions of the commonwealth are provided: the Legend Alluvium Neogene, Paleogene, Cryogenian Quaterand naCretaceousry North Mississippi Embayment, Illinois Basin, Cincinnati Arch, and Appalachian Basin. Rock-unit PalPennsylvanianeogene & Neogene ? & Cretaceous 0 50 mi 800 PennMississippiansylvanian Ashland names and correlations are updated from data collected for the Correlation of Stratigraphic Front Grenville scale Louisville Frankfort Middle MississiDevonianppian 850 Units of North America project (Patchen and others, 1984; Shaver, 1984), which was the last 38° Run Fm. DevonianSilurian Owensboro Lexington 900 SilurianOrdovician
comprehensive correlation of Kentucky’s rock-unit stratigraphy. Data on Quaternary sedi- Neoproterozoic Tonian OrdoFaultvician ? Middle Run Fm. mentary units are also included. This update is in response to changes to some of Kentucky’s Pikeville Paducah Grenville 1,000 bedrock nomenclature, correlations of units, and changes in the geologic time scale (series and London 37° Metamorphic stage correlations and dates) since the COSUNA charts were published. The age of most units Bowling Green Stenian East Continent Rift Basin Province 1,100 Hopkinsville shown is relative and based on stratigraphic correlation. Numeric ages and correlations are (metamorphic and Middlesboro subject to change, which is why periodic updates are needed to stratigraphic charts. More igneous crust) 89° 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 82° 1,200 information concerning individual rock units, geologic time, and references can be found at Elev. (ft) Grenville crust Neogene, Mississippian +3,000 the Kentucky Geological Survey website (www.uky.edu/KGS). Mississippian Ectasian 1,300 Paleogene, and Devonian Devonian Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian Elev. Cretaceous Silurian Silurian (ft) References Cited 0 Ordovician 0 Ordovician 1,400 Cambrian Eastern Granite- Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.-X., 2013, The ICS international chronostratigraphic Ordovician
Mesoproterozoic Rhyolite Province chart: Episodes, v. 36, no. 3, p. 199–204. Cambrian Precambrian –5,000 –5,000 Calymmian (igneous crust) 1,500 Surface and generalized subsurface distribution of rock-unit systems in Kentucky. Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J., Schmitz, M.A., and Ogg, G., 2012, A geologic time scale 2012: International Commis- Regions shown on map correspond to regions on stratigraphic chart. Granite-Rhyolite crust sion on Stratigraphy, www.stratigraphy.org [accessed 12/2014]. 1,600 Patchen, D.G., Avary, K.L., and Erwin, R.B., coords., 1984, Southern Appalachian Region: American Associa- tion of Petroleum Geologists, COSUNA Project, 1 sheet. Legend Abbreviations for Formal Unit Names Explanation of Symbols Shaver, R.H., coord., 1984, Midwest Basins and Arches Region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Cgl. Conglomerate Mbr. Member Formal unit names are capitalized Unconformable contact COSU NA Project, 1 sheet. Do. Dolomite Sh. Shale Missing time Absolute age “Unit Names” in quotation marks are formal units (from erosion or nondeposition) Conformable contact (line shows error range) from bordering states that occur, or may occur, in Fm. Formation Slt. Siltstone Kentucky, but are not officially recognized in Kentucky Gp. Group Ss. Sandstone Significant named bed Correlation that may be Statement of Benefit to Kentucky. This stratigraphic chart helps to show Condensed section Uncertain contact younger (up arrow) or older Informal unit names are lowercase Ls. Limestone the rock units and their ages occurring in different parts of Kentucky. It (little deposition over (age or correlation uncertain) (down arrow) than shown very long time) also helps with correlations of units into other states and countries. Italicized unit names are significant beds or the equivalents of units that were not officially mapped in a region