The History of Flax (Common Flax; Linum Usitatissimum)

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The History of Flax (Common Flax; Linum usitatissimum) Ida Dyment http://www.flaxminnesota.com/Flax_Field_1_Med.jpg Common Flax (Linum usitatissimum) • Genus Linum, in Linaceae family. • Annual plant – grows up to 47 inches – thin leaves and stems. – Five-petal blue (to purple) flowers. http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/flax_flower01.jpg http://www.fleurdandeol.com/pic/msc/flax3.jpg The origins of Flax • Originated in the Mediterranean region into India. • Used in Egypt to wrap mummies • Early colonists grew small home plots • Began to be commercially processed starting around 1750 • Declined when cotton gin became popular Agriculture and Production • Flax grows well in temperate and sub-tropical regions in both hemisphere – France, Belgium, Russia, China, and Egypt grow a lot of the fiber flax currently – Minnesota and the Dakotas grow seed flax in the US • There are two common types of flax planted http://www.naturallygreen.co.uk/images/flaxseed.jpg Uses • Fiber – From Egypt to Modern Industry • Textiles, rope, paper • Food – Human food from seeds, fiber, oil – Livestock feed • Pharmacy – (Omega-3 fatty acids) – Heart health – skin treatment and cosmetics • Also used for ornamental purposes Omega-3 fatty acids • Omega-3 fatty acids in linseed oil may help prevent certain cancers. • Omega-3’s are also helpful for mental health • Helps lower cholesterol and regulate blood pressure • Flax also has very high level of lignans Many other uses • Flax in animal feed – Livestock and chickens • Aids digestion and • fortifies eggs • Flaxseed oil (linseed) also used for oil-painting agents, specialized paper, particleboard, varnish http://riverglenfarm.ca/__oneclick_uploads/2008/07/eggs.jpg http://www.sghongsheng.com/image/Plain%20particle%20board1.jpg http://www.frontera.com/assets/inline_images/39_braz%20cherry%20with%20linseed%20oil.jpg .

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Linum Lewisii (Lewis's Blue Flax) (Pdf)
Linum lewisii Lewis’s Blue Flax by Kathy Lloyd Montana Native Plant Society Photo: Drake Barton Linum lewisii (Lewis’s Blue Flax) ewis’s blue flax, Linum lewisii, was col- wether Lewis by Frederick Pursh, who described the lected on July 9, 1806 in Montana. It is plant in his 1814 Flora Americae Septentrionalis or not known for certain who collected the Flora of North America. Pursh attached a label to specimen that is housed in the Lewis & the specimen that reads, “Perennial Flax. Valleys of LClark Her barium in Philadelphia. It could have been the Rocky mountains. July 9th 1806.” This Lewis Meriwether Lewis, who was traveling along the Sun and Clark specimen is one of a group that was feared River from Lewis & Clark County into Cascade lost but was fortunately relocated in 1896 at the County, or William Clark, who was at Camp Fortu- American Philosophical Society and subsequently nate in Beaverhead County. Lewis’s journal entry placed on permanent loan to the Academy of Natural for the day says nothing of blue flax, but does talk Sciences. about the rain and cold, “we then proceeded and it Another sheet of Lewis’s blue flax is currently part rained without intermission wet us to the skin…the of the Lewis & Clark Herbarium, but present-day day continuing rainy and cold…” The preserved botanists question its authenticity as a Lewis and specimen in the Lewis & Clark Herbarium appears Clark collection. James Reveal, a preeminent bota- to be in good shape and has a partially opened nist at the University of Maryland, believes the flower.
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