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Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Circular Optical Properties in Silica Glass Jing Tian

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Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Circular Optical Properties in Silica Glass Jing Tian Femtosecond laser direct writing of circular optical properties in silica glass Jing Tian To cite this version: Jing Tian. Femtosecond laser direct writing of circular optical properties in silica glass. Material chemistry. Université Paris-Saclay, 2020. English. NNT : 2020UPASF038. tel-03180913 HAL Id: tel-03180913 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03180913 Submitted on 25 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Femtosecond laser direct writing of circular optical properties in silica glass Thèse de doctorat de l'université Paris-Saclay École doctorale n°571 : 2MIB (Sciences chimiques : molécules, matériaux, instrumentation et biosystèmes) Spécialité de doctorat: Chimie Unité de recherche : Universitéé Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France. Référent : Faculté des sciences d’Orsay Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 17 décembre 2020, par Jing TIAN Composition du Jury Fabian ZOMER Professeur des universités Président Université Paris Saclay François COURVOISIER Directeur de recherche Rapporteur & Examinateur CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Razvan STOIAN Directeur de recherche Rapporteur & Examinateur CNRS - Université Jean MONNET Enrique GARCIA-CAUREL Ingénieur de recherche Examinateur Ecole polytechnique Direction de la thèse Matthieu LANCRY Enseignant-Chercheur Directeur de thèse ICMMO,Université Paris-Saclay Thèse de doctorat doctorat de Thèse : 2020UPASA001 NNT Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France. OUTLINE Acknowledgement ................................................................................................. 9 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 11 Chapter1 State of the art of Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing in Glasses ..................................................................................................................... 20 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 21 1.2 Silica Glass ..................................................................................................................... 21 1.3 Propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in a vitreous material .................. 23 1.3.1 Basic principles ......................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.2 Self-focusing by Kerr effect .................................................................................................. 25 1.3.3 Filamentation............................................................................................................................. 26 1.3.4 Self-phase modulation........................................................................................................... 26 1.3.5 Spectral dispersion and temporal broadening ............................................................. 26 1.4 Femtosecond laser interactions in glasses ...................................................... 28 1.4.1 Ionization and relaxation in intense field ........................................................................ 28 1.4.2 Relaxation mechanisms ......................................................................................................... 30 1.4.3 Material changes induced by femtosecond laser irradiation .................................. 31 1.4.4 Heat accumulation effects .................................................................................................... 32 1.5 Damage thresholds and different type of permanent modifications ... 34 1.5.1 Isotropic index changes based modifications (Type I) ............................................... 36 1.5.2 Anisotropic refractive index changes based modifications (Type II)..................... 38 1.5.3 Voids (Type III) .......................................................................................................................... 40 1.6 Focus on Type II modifications and nanogratings formation .................. 40 1.6.1 From LIPSS to self-organized nanogratings in silica ................................................... 40 1.6.2 Physical and optical properties of nanogratings in silica glass ............................... 42 1.6.3 Tentative mechanisms for nanogratings formation .................................................... 43 1.6.4 Nanogratings parameters dependence ........................................................................... 48 1.7 Towards 3D imprinted optical chirality in inorganic glasses .................... 54 1.8 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 57 1.9 References ..................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter2 Experimental details ........................................................................ 71 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 72 2.2 Femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) system......................................... 72 2.3 Fundamentals of polarization of light ............................................................... 76 2.3.1 Stokes vector and the Poincaré sphere ........................................................................... 76 2.3.2 Mueller matrix formalism ...................................................................................................... 78 2.4 Basic polarimetric properties ................................................................................. 78 2.4.1 Dichroism and diattenuation ............................................................................................... 79 2.4.2 Retardation and linear birefringence ................................................................................ 81 2.4.3 Depolarization ........................................................................................................................... 84 2.4.4 Polarizance ................................................................................................................................. 87 2.5 Extraction of polarimetric properties ................................................................. 88 2.5.1 Product decomposition ......................................................................................................... 88 2.5.2 Sum decomposition ................................................................................................................ 89 2.5.3 Logarithmic decomposition ................................................................................................. 90 2.6 Polarimetric instrumentation ................................................................................. 93 2.6.1 “de Sénarmont” compensator ............................................................................................. 94 2.6.2 Circular Dichroism spectro-polarimeter - JASCO- J-810 ........................................... 97 2.6.3 Vis-Near IR (400-1000nm) Mueller Ellipsometry – MM-16 .................................... 101 2.6.4 UV-Vis-Near-IR Mueller ellipsometry – MM-12 ......................................................... 102 2.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 105 2.8 References .................................................................................................................. 106 Chapter3 Study of laser induced circular dichroism using a CD spectro-polarimeter .......................................................................................... 110 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 112 3.2 Samples and Methodology ................................................................................. 113 3.3 Preliminary experiments to identify the modifications thresholds of linear optical properties ............................................................................................... 116 3.3.1 Study of writing kinetics at various repetition rates ................................................. 116 3.3.2 Study of writing kinetics according to the numerical aperture ............................ 118 3.3.3 Study of writing kinetics according to the laser polarization ................................ 119 3.3.4 Spectral measurements of the retardance and linear extinction difference .... 120 3.4 Study of femtosecond laser irradiated silica using a CD spectro- polarimeter ........................................................................................................................ 121 4 3.4.1 Preliminary observations ....................................................................................................
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