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The Story and Methods of the Chatino Language Documentation Project
Vol. 8 (2014), pp. 490-524 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24615 Finding a way into a family of tone languages: The story and methods of the Chatino Language Documentation Project Emiliana Cruz University of Massachusetts at Amherst Anthony C. Woodbury University of Texas at Austin We give a narrative description of our ten-year path into the elaborate tonal systems of the Chatino languages (Otomanguean; Oaxaca, Mexico), and of some of the methods we have used and recommend, illustrated with specific examples. The work, ongoing at the time of writing, began when one of us (Cruz), a native speaker of San Juan Quiahije Chatino, entered the University of Texas at Austin as a Ph.D. student and formed, together with the other of us (Woodbury), a professor there, the Chatino Language Documentation Project, ultimately incorporating five other Ph.D. students and two other senior researchers. We argue for the importance of an interplay among speaker and non-speaker perspectives over the long course of work; a mix of introspection, hypothesis-testing, natural speech record- ing, transcription, translation, grammatical analysis, and dictionary-making as research methods and activities; an emphasis on community training as an active research context; the simultaneous study of many varieties within a close-knit language family to leverage progress; and the use of historical-comparative methods to get to know tonal systems and the roles they play at a deeper level. 0. PREAMBLE. Emiliana: My first language was Chatino. I started primary school when I was six years old. At that time, I did not speak Spanish. -
The Separate Life Cycles of Prefix Classes Vs Tone Ablaut Classes in Aspect/Mood Inflection in the Chatino Languages of Oaxaca
AMERINDIA 41: 75-120, 2019 Conjugational double-classification: The separate life cycles of prefix classes vs tone ablaut classes in aspect/mood inflection in the Chatino languages of Oaxaca Anthony C. WOODBURY University of Texas at Austin Abstract: In the Chatino languages (Oto-Manguean; Oaxaca), verbs show two independent patterns of conjugational classification in marking aspect and mood, one based on prefixation and the other based on tonal ablaut. I term this conjugational double-classification. Each pattern determines its own conjugational classification of verb stems: verbs fall into several aspect/mood prefix conjugation classes that depend partly on their segmental structure and transitivity; and they simultaneously fall into several largely orthogonal tone-ablaut conjugation classes that depend partly on the tonal characteristics of the stem. A Chatino child therefore must learn both the prefix conjugation class and the tone-ablaut conjugation class of every verb s/he learns. Furthermore, it is shown that diachronically, the prefix classes and the tone-ablaut classes have had independent life cycles: in San Marcos Zacatepec Eastern Chatino, both systems are largely intact; in Zenzontepec Chatino, the prefixation classes are intact but the tone ablaut classes have eroded through tonal simplification; and in San Juan Quiahije Eastern Chatino, the prefixation classes have eroded through initial syllable loss while the tone ablaut classes are intact. It is suggested that autosegmental phonology and morphology, when placed in diachronic -
Is Phonological Consonant Epenthesis Possible? a Series of Artificial Grammar Learning Experiments
Is Phonological Consonant Epenthesis Possible? A Series of Artificial Grammar Learning Experiments Rebecca L. Morley Abstract Consonant epenthesis is typically assumed to be part of the basic repertoire of phonological gram- mars. This implies that there exists some set of linguistic data that entails epenthesis as the best analy- sis. However, a series of artificial grammar learning experiments found no evidence that learners ever selected an epenthesis analysis. Instead, phonetic and morphological biases were revealed, along with individual variation in how learners generalized and regularized their input. These results, in combi- nation with previous work, suggest that synchronic consonant epenthesis may only emerge very rarely, from a gradual accumulation of changes over time. It is argued that the theoretical status of epenthesis must be reconsidered in light of these results, and that investigation of the sufficient learning conditions, and the diachronic developments necessary to produce those conditions, are of central importance to synchronic theory generally. 1 Introduction Epenthesis is defined as insertion of a segment that has no correspondent in the relevant lexical, or un- derlying, form. There are various types of epenthesis that can be defined in terms of either the insertion environment, the features of the epenthesized segment, or both. The focus of this paper is on consonant epenthesis and, more specifically, default consonant epenthesis that results in markedness reduction (e.g. Prince and Smolensky (1993/2004)). Consonant -
A Typology of Consonant Agreement As Correspondence
A TYPOLOGY OF CONSONANT AGREEMENT AS CORRESPONDENCE SHARON ROSE RACHEL WALKER University of California, San Diego University of Southern California This article presents a typology of consonant harmony or LONG DISTANCE CONSONANT AGREEMENT that is analyzed as arisingthroughcorrespondence relations between consonants rather than feature spreading. The model covers a range of agreement patterns (nasal, laryngeal, liquid, coronal, dorsal) and offers several advantages. Similarity of agreeing consonants is central to the typology and is incorporated directly into the constraints drivingcorrespondence. Agreementby correspon- dence without feature spreadingcaptures the neutrality of interveningsegments,which neither block nor undergo. Case studies of laryngeal agreement and nasal agreement are presented, demon- stratingthe model’s capacity to capture varyingdegreesof similarity crosslinguistically.* 1. INTRODUCTION. The action at a distance that is characteristic of CONSONANT HAR- MONIES stands as a pivotal problem to be addressed by phonological theory. Consider the nasal alternations in the Bantu language, Kikongo (Meinhof 1932, Dereau 1955, Webb 1965, Ao 1991, Odden 1994, Piggott 1996). In this language, the voiced stop in the suffix [-idi] in la is realized as [ini] in 1b when preceded by a nasal consonant at any distance in the stem constituent, consistingof root and suffixes. (1) a. m-[bud-idi]stem ‘I hit’ b. tu-[kun-ini]stem ‘we planted’ n-[suk-idi]stem ‘I washed’ tu-[nik-ini]stem ‘we ground’ In addition to the alternation in 1, there are no Kikongo roots containing a nasal followed by a voiced stop, confirmingthat nasal harmony or AGREEMENT, as we term it, also holds at the root level as a MORPHEME STRUCTURE CONSTRAINT (MSC). -
Anuario Estadístico Del Estado De Oaxaca
VUELOS COMERCIALES Y PASAJEROS ATENDIDOS CUADRO 2.2.9 POR TIPO DE SERVICIO SEGUN AEROPUERTO Y TIPO DE MOVIMIENTO 1992 VUELOS PASAJEROS al AEROPUERTO y TIPO DE MOVIMIENTO TOTAL NACIONALES INTERNA- TOTAL NACIONALES INTERNA- CIONALES ClONAlES TOTAL SALIDAS 8 784 8 772 12 54 606 52 746 1 860 LLEGADAS 8 784 8 772 12 51 590 49 730 1 860 FEDERAL DE OAXACA SALIDAS 5 593 5 581 12 12 408 10 548 1 860 LLEGADAS 5 593 5 581 12 9 392 7 532 1 860 PUERTO ESCONDIDO SALIDAS 3 191 3 191 42 198 42 198 LLEGADAS 3 191 3 191 42 198 42 198 NOTA: No se tienen disponibles los datos del aeropuerto de Huatulco. al Excluye pasajeros en tránsito, que son aquellos que se encuentran en una estación entre su origen y su destino. FUENTE: SCT, Centro Oaxaca. Unidad de Programación y Evaluación. 1993 Oaxaca. de estado del estadístico Anuario 131 INEGI. VUELOS COMERCIALES Y PASAJEROS ATENDIDOS GRAFICA 2.2.4 POR TIPO DE SERVICIO SEGUN TIPO DE MOVIMIENTO 1992 ( En porciento ) VUE LOS COMERC IALE S NACIONAL INTERNACIONAL .. SALI DAS ~ L LEGADAS PASAJ E ROS AT E N DI DOS 1993 Oaxaca. de NACIONAL INTERNACIONAL estado FUENTE: Cuadro 2.2.9 del estadístico Anuario 132 INEGI. OFICINAS DE LA RED TELEGRAFICA POR CLASE CUADRO 2.2.10 SEGUN REGION c DISTRITO y MUNICIPIO Al 31 de dic1embre de 1992 REGION, TOTAL ADMINISTRACIONES OFICINAS DISTRITO Y MUNICIPIO ESTADO 209 109 100 CAÑADA 7 2 5 CUICATLAN 4 1 3 CUYAMECALCO VILLA DE ZARAGOZA 1 1 SAN JUAN BAUTISTA CUICATLAN 2 1 1 SANTIAGO NACALTEPEC 1 1 TEOTITLAN 3 1 2 SAN BARTOLOME AYAUTLA 1 1 TEOTITLAN DE FLORES MAGON 2 1 1 COSTA 28 21 7 JAMILTEPEC -
Subsecretaría De Planeación, Programación Y
SECRETARIA DE FINANZAS SUBSECRETARÍA DE PLANEACIÓN, PROGRAMACIÓN Y PRESUPUESTO RAMO GENERAL 33.- APORTACIONES PARA LAS ENTIDADES FEDERATIVAS Y MUNICIPIOS FONDO PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LAS ENTIDADES FEDERATIVAS (FAFEF) 2013 FINAL EJECUTORA METAS MUNICIPIO APORTACIÓN LOCALIDAD ESTATAL CAPACIDAD BENEFICIARIOS GÉNERO NOMBRE DE LA OBRA CANTIDAD UNIDAD DE MEDIDA TOTAL U. MEDIDA H M TOTAL GENERAL 702,456,343.88 SRIA. DE LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS Y EL ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL SUST. 121,717,658.41 SAN JUAN COLORADO 1,588,220.16 LA SOLEDAD 1,588,220.16 [181455/51457] CONSTRUCCION DE TECHADO DE CANCHA DE USOS MULTIPLES. 1,588,220.16 1.00 CANCHA 372 PERSONAS 173 199 SAN MIGUEL TLACAMAMA 628,539.97 SAN MIGUEL TLACAMAMA 628,539.97 [173048/39048] PAVIMENTACION CON CONCRETO HIDRAULICO DE LA CALLE CORREGIDORA 628,539.97 660.00 METROS CUADRADOS 2,004 PERSONAS 802 1202 SAN SEBASTIAN IXCAPA 633,361.46 VISTA HERMOSA 633,361.46 [173106/39106] PAVIMENTACION CON CONCRETO HIDRAULICO DE LA CALLE PRINCIPAL 633,361.46 825.00 METROS CUADRADOS 683 PERSONAS 347 336 SANTA MARIA HUAZOLOTITLAN 488,261.98 CERRO BLANCO 488,261.98 [182302/52304] PAVIMENTACION CON CONCRETO HIDRAULICO DE LA CALLE PRINCIPAL 488,261.98 600.00 METROS CUADRADOS 324 PERSONAS 130 194 SANTIAGO JAMILTEPEC 912,206.25 SANTIAGO JAMILTEPEC 912,206.25 [173045/39045] CONSTRUCCION DE OFICINA, SANITARIOS Y TECHUMBRE ADJUNTA A LA 912,206.25 1.00 OBRA 10,107 PERSONAS 4731 5376 CANCHA DE USOS MULTIPLES (COL. GUADALUPE) SANTIAGO PINOTEPA NACIONAL 1,448,791.74 SANTIAGO PINOTEPA NACIONAL 1,072,414.01 [181462/51464] CONSTRUCCION DE ALBERGUE ESTUDIANTIL (1a. -
Lenition in Persian Phonological System Aliye Kambuziya1* Mahmoud Mobaraki2 1
Lenition in Persian Phonological System Aliye Kambuziya1* Mahmoud Mobaraki2 1. Associate Professor, Linguistics Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran 2. Ph.D. Student, Linguistics Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran * E-mail of the corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study deals with lenition processes according to the theoretical framework of generative phonology to answer the cited questions: How phonological processes are applied in Persian phonological system as lenition? In other words, how do the data support the application of lenition processes in Persian? In which contexts do lenition processes apply in Persian? Synthetic process typology of phonological processes is investigated according to the phonological pattern of Persian; finally the most frequent lenition processes are selected. To see how these processes are applied in Persian as lenition, Standard Persian and six dialects out of twenty five dialects which show these processes are selected. The data are gathered in field study. Then, each of the lenition processes is probed on the Persian varieties to find the alternatives and underlying forms which are important to decide how the lenition processes are applied; and to find the positions in which lenition processes take place. The collected data support the lenition processes in Persian. The data show that the lenition processes tend to occur in postvocalic, intervocalic and final positions; and the final position has the highest frequency for lenition processes to occur. This support Kenstowichz‟s idea that mentions word final is the typical position for lenition. Keywords: lenition processes, generative phonology, synthetic process typology, Persian phonological system 1.Introduction 1.1The Current Approaches to Lenition In traditional approach, the typology of phonological processes is dualistic. -
Plan Municipal De Desarrollo Sustentable 2011-2013 [Un Proyecto Comunitario]
PLAN MUNICIPAL DE DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE 2011-2013 [UN PROYECTO COMUNITARIO] H. AYUNTAMIENTO CONSTITUCIONAL SAN MIGUEL PANIXTLAHUACA, JUQUILA, OAXACA. ADMINISTRACIÓN 2011-2013 PLAN MUNICIPAL DE DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE 2011-2013 INTEGRACIÓN DEL GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL CONSTITUCIONAL 2011-2013 C. PROFR. LUCINO SORIANO ROMÁN PRESIDENTE MUNICIPAL CONSTITUCIONAL SAN MIGUEL PANIXTLAHUACA, JUQUILA, OAXACA C. FULGENCIO MENDOZA GARCÍA C. GERÓNIMO PACHECO MENDOZA SÍNDICO MUNICIPAL REGIDOR DE HACIENDA MUNICPAL C. ROBERTO SÁNCHEZ JIMÉNEZ ALCALDE ÚNICO CONSTITUCIONAL C. MOISÉS GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ C. SEBASTÍAN GARCÍA MENDOZA REGIDOR DE OBRAS MUNICIPAL REGIDOR DE EDUCACIÓN C. BERTÍN LÓPEZ C. FILADELFO DE LOS SANTOS MENDOZA REGIDOR DE SALUD REGIDOR DE DEPORTES C. HERACLIO GARCÍA RUÍZ TESORERO MUNICIPAL C. TIBURCIO GARCÍA GARCÍA C. MIGUEL MENDOZA REGIDOR DE VIALIDAD MUNICIPALREGIDOR DE CULTURA Y RECREACIÓN C. TRINIDAD GARCIA SÁNCHEZ REGIDOR DE SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL C. Profr. Lucino Soriano Román Presidente Municipal constitucional Página 2 PLAN MUNICIPAL DE DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE 2011-2013 CONTENIDO PÁG. MENSAJE DEL PRESIDENTE MUNICIPAL CONSTITUCIONAL…………………...4 PRESENTACIÓN………………………………………………………………………….6 CAPÍTULO I: GENERALIDADES DEL PLAN MUNICIPAL DE DESARROLLO 1.1. Antecedentes del Plan de Desarrollo en México…………………………………........8 1.2. Fundamentos Jurídicos del Plan Municipal de Desarrollo………………………........9 1.3. Plan Municipal de Desarrollo Sustentable 2011-2013 del Municipio de San Miguel Panixtlahuaca 1.3.1. Objetivos (generales y específicos)………………………………………………..11 1.3.2. Principios y valores…………………………………………………………………..12 1.3.3. Misión…………………………………………………………………………………..14 1.3.4. Visión…………………………….……………..................................................14 CAPÍTULO II: BREVE SEMBLANZA HISTÓRICA DEL MUNICIPIO 2.1. Fundación y significado del nombre del municipio…………………………………….16 2.2. Descripción del Escudo……………………………………………………………………18 2.3. Hechos históricos trascendentales………………………………………………………..20 CAPÍTULO III: DIAGNÓSTICO DEL MUNICIPIO 3.1. -
Segmental Phonology Darin Howe University of Calgary
SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY DARIN HOWE HOWED UCALGARY.CA UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY DARIN HOWE, 2003 ii Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................................IV INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET CHART.................................................................................................. V 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................1 2. INTRASEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY ..................................................................................................................4 2.1. PHONEME INVENTORIES AND FEATURES.......................................................................................................... 4 2.2. ARTICULATOR-FREE FEATURES .....................................................................................................................12 2.2.1. Major class features .................................................................................................................................................12 2.2.1.1. [±consonantal]...........................................................................................................................................12 2.2.1.2. [±sonorant].................................................................................................................................................22 2.2.2. Other articulator-free features..............................................................................................................................27 -
Relative Clauses in Upper Necaxa Totonac: Local, Comparative, and Diachronic Perspectives1
Relative clauses in Upper Necaxa Totonac: Local, comparative, and diachronic perspectives1 David Beck University of Alberta Relativization strategies in the Totonacan family are largely undescribed, but detailed examination of one of the languages in the group, Upper Necaxa Totonac, reveals the presence of both externally- and internally-headed relative constructions. Also of note is the presence of relativizers that mark the animacy (human/non-human) of the head of the relative construction. This paper will show that, while phylogenetic evidence clearly demonstrates the relativizers to be descended diachronically from interrogative pronouns, they are best treated synchronically as complementizers, an analysis that follows directly from the presence of internally-headed relative constructions. Totonacan languages are spoken by approximately 240,000 people (INEGI 2010) living in an area of east-central Mexico centred on northern Puebla State and including adjacent parts of Hidalgo and Veracruz (see Figure 1; languages dealt with directly in this paper are shown in red). The family is generally considered an isolate; however, recent work has suggested links to Mixe-Zoque (Brown et al. 2011) and Chitimacha (Brown et al. 2014). Although the family has only recently become the object of serious investigation and description, the focus has been largely on its (admittedly spectacular) morphology; little has been written about syntax, and even less about the structure of complex clauses. Relative clauses in particular seem to have been given short shrift—which is surprising, given that from what we do know about them they seem to have some unusual properties. Consider the example in (1) from Upper Necaxa Totonac, the language for which we currently have the most data on relativization:2 1 I would like to thank my consultants in Patla and Chicontla, especially Porfirio Sampayo Macín and Longino Barragán Sampayo, for their help putting this paper together. -
OECD Territorial Grids
BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES DES POLITIQUES MEILLEURES POUR UNE VIE MEILLEURE OECD Territorial grids August 2021 OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities Contact: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Territorial level classification ...................................................................................................................... 3 Map sources ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Map symbols ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Disclaimers .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Australia / Australie ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Austria / Autriche ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Belgium / Belgique ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Canada ...................................................................................................................................................... -
Las “Chilenas”: Práctica Cultural De La Comunidad Cha'tnio De Santos
UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA NACIONAL UNIDAD AJUSCO ÁREA ACADÉMICA 2 “DIVERSIDAD E INTERCULTURALIDAD” LICENCIATURA EN EDUCACIÓN INDÍGENA T E S I S “LAS “CHILENAS”: PRÁCTICA CULTURAL DE LA COMUNIDAD CHA’TNIO DE SANTOS REYES NOPALA, JUQUILA, OAXACA”. QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE: LICENCIADA EN EDUCACIÓN INDÍGENA P R E S E N T A: FLOR NEYVIS HERNÁNDEZ MENDOZA. DIRECTORA DE TESIS: ALBA LILIANA AMARO GARCÍA MÉXICO D.F., OCTUBRE DE 2012. DEDICATORIA A mis padres Mtro. Alejo Hernández Cruz y Mtra. Eusebia Mendoza Salinas y hermano Gaspar por el apoyo incondicional que me han brindado para poder llegar a una meta más, por estar pendientes en cada momento de debilidad de la cual me han ayudado a levantarme. Gracias por confiar en mí ¡Los Amo! AGRADECIMIENTOS A la maestra Alba gracias por la paciencia y conocimiento brindado hacia mí, por ser mi guía y apoyo fundamental para la realización de la tesis y por haberme permitido compartir una amistad que durará para siempre. El aprendizaje continúa maestra. Gracias. A mis ángeles Mamalencha, abuela Prudenciana, y mi hermano Jesús Ángel, se que desde el cielo me mandaron su bendición y protección en cada momento. ¡Cuánto los extraño! A mi familia por haberme apoyado en cada momento y ser el símbolo para mi superación. ¡Mis más sinceros agradecimientos ¡ A mis amigos y amigas, por siempre recibir de ellos las palabras adecuadas para continuar en el camino de la lucha y preparación. ¡Los llevo siempre en mi mente! Un reconocimiento especial al pueblo Cha´tnio de Santos Reyes Nopala, Juquila, Oaxaca por las facilidades brindadas durante la investigación de campo, por haber confiado en mí y permitirme conocer sus sabios conocimientos.