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Bryophyte Flora of Hunan Province, China. 16. Complex Thalloids (Marchantiopsida, Hepaticae)

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Bryophyte Flora of Hunan Province, China. 16. Complex Thalloids (Marchantiopsida, Hepaticae) Polish Botanical Journal 58(1): 179–192, 2013 DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2013-0017 BRYOPHYTE FLORA OF HUNAN PROVINCE, CHINA. 16. COMPLEX THALLOIDS (MARCHANTIOPSIDA, HEPATICAE) SINIKKA PII pp O & TIMO KO P ONEN Abstract. The occurrence of 13 species belonging to eight complex thalloid genera and six families are reported for Hunan. Conocephalum japonicum (Thunb.) Grolle, C. salebrosum Szweykowski et al. and Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees are moderately common in Hunan, Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort., Marchantia palaecea Bertol. and M. emarginata Reinw. et al. subsp. tosana (Steph.) Bischler are rather rare, M. polymorpha L., Plagiochasma pterospermum Mass., Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi, and Wiesnerella denutata (Mitt.) Steph. are rare and Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé et al., Plagiochasma appendicu- latum Lehm. & Lindenb. and Riccia fluitans L. are very rare. Of them the following are new to Hunan: Genus Plagiochasma with two species, P. appendiculatum, P. pterospermum, Riccia fluitans, Marchantia paleacea and Conocephalum salebrosum. The altitudinal ranges of taxa in Hunan are mapped. The distribution, ecology and the classification of taxa into distributional elements, as well as the characters are discussed. Some thalloid hepatic genera, i.e. Conocephalum and Dumortiera include cryptic taxa that pose unsolved taxonomic problems that await further future research. Key words: Asterella, China, complex thalloids, Conocephalum, cryptic species, distribution, Dumortiera, Hepaticae, Hunan, Marchantia, Plagiochasma, Reboulia, Riccia, Wiesnerella Sinikka Piippo & Timo Koponen, Finnish Natural History Museum LUOMUS, Botany Unit (Bryology), P.O. Box 7, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; e-mail: [email protected] IN T RODUC T ION This paper belongs to the series dealing with the Dumortieraceae Long 2006 bryophyte flora of the Hunan Province, China. Es- The thallus is undifferentiated and only with ves- sential background information about material and tigial air chambers. Ventral scales are rudimentary, methods, and abbreviations of collecting localities in two rows, without appendages. Asexual repro- of three first excursions and geographical areas duction is absent. Antheridia situated in terminal used in this study are given in parts 1 and 3 (Ko- short-stalked disciform receptacles. Sporophytes ponen et al. 2000, 2004). The collecting localities on stalked receptacle. The family includes only from two later excursions, in 2000 and 2001 will one genus, Dumortiera. be reported later. The paper no. 15 of the series was by Piippo (2010). The thalloid hepatics of Hunan Dumortiera Nees 1824 Province were previously dealt with in Hunan in the papers by Rao et al. (1997), Koponen et al. The thallus is 8–30 mm wide, light or dark green, (2000) and Piippo (2010). without purplish pigment, usually dichotomously The systematics of the Marchantiales has been branched. Upper thallus surface is smooth or oc- dealt with recently by Bischler (1998), He-Nygrén cupied by papilliform chlorophyllose cells giving et al. (2004, 2006), Long (2006a) and Crandall- a velvety appearance. Frond margin is usually not Stotler et al. (2009). The determination of simple crispate and the costa is usually visible also from and complex thalloids is problematic since they dorsal side. Thallus is only weakly differentiated seem to possess many cryptic species not yet suf- into layers, with vestigial air chambers and air ficiently clarified taxonomically (see Szweykowski pores absent or only few near the thallus apex, et al. 2005). simple when present. There is no reticulation on 180 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(1). 2013 the dorsal surface. Rhizoids are pale, often radi- The substrates are: humus (often banks) (33), cliff ating towards margins, sometimes modified as (21), clay (16), sand (7), soil (4), humus on stone bristles. (3), rock top (3), stone (2), sand (2), litter (2), The genus has been placed into the families stone wall (1), humus on cliff (1), cliff crevice (1). Marchantiaceae or Wiesnerellaceae until Long Frequency in Hunan: moderately common (on 53 (2006a) lifted it into its own family. Total lack of collecting localities of the total of 209). photosynthetic layers is exceptional for complex RANGE IN HUNAN : BADAGONG sh AN . 39a. thalloids. 55740. 39b. 48471. 40b. 55665. 42. 50485, 50486. 43. 48339. 44a. 48132, 54482. 44b. 48840, 48866. Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees Fig. 1 45. 55499, 55555. 48. 48642, 48722. 50. 48739 Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 12: in Conocephalum salebrosum, 48744. 52. 48288, 410. 1824. Marchantia hirsuta Sw., Prodr. Fl. Ind. 48304, 48306. 55a. 47895, 47905, 47939. 86b. Vir- Occid.: 145. 1788. tanen 61307. DAWEI sh AN . DAW 4. Enroth 63561. The great variability of Dumortiera hirsuta DAW 22. Virtanen 62249, 62263, 62293. HU P ING - was pointed out by e.g. Piippo (1988), Akiyama sh AN . 56b. 47880, 47884. 57. 48622. 58. 47672, et al. (2003, 2012) and Forrest et al. (2011). Ac- 47673, 47674, 47737, 53700. 59. 49713, 49714, cording to Forrest et al. (2011), there exist at least 49715, 53315, 53349, 53427. 60. 47823, 47833. two genetically diverse species within Dumortiera 63. 47797, 47804. SH UN H UANG sh AN . S1. He 1397, and most probably several more. At least two ge- 1452. S3. He 519. TAOYUANDONG . 20a. 56782, netically and geographically distinct clades are 57225, 57255, 57969, 57983, 57994. 21a. 56029. detectable. According to Akiyama et al. (2012), 21c. 56083, 56100. 21d. 55967. 23b. 55858. 24. D. hirsuta has different ploidy levels that have 56112, 56114, 56121, 56249. 31. 56334, 57930 been recognized at infraspecific rank under the in Conocephalum salebrosum. 34. 57027. WUL - species. These ploidy levels could warrant a spe- INGYUAN . 15c. 16b. 16c. 17b. 17c. Rao 58433, cific status. In this paper D. hirsuta is treated 58471. 18a. 19a. 19b. 80. Rao 58364. YUANKOU . as a largely polymorphic species. In Hunan the 74c. 61089, 61107. 74d. 60855, 60867. 76a. 61051. smoothness and roughness of the dorsal surface 76b. 60975, 61033. 77b. 60554, 60555. 78a. as well as the plant size varies, both characters 60756, 60770, 60773. 78b. 60776. 78c. 60793, possibly indicating different taxa. 60804. 78d. 60835, 60837. YUN sh AN . Y1. He 16, 17. Y6a. He 49, 51, 53, 76, 77. Y8. He 401, 403, DE S CRI pt ION S : Piippo (1988), Paton (1999). 404. Y9. He 452, 453, 456, 457, 458. ILLU st RAT ION S : Piippo (1988: 100, 101, figs 3–5), XINNING CO., along road side in Lang Shan Paton (1999: 565, fig. 285). National Forest Park, on clay. Warm temperate HABI T A ts AND S UB st RAT E S IN HUNAN . Du- (subtropical zone), 30 Nov. 2001 He 1462. mortiera hirsuta was collected most often in for- RANGE IN CH INA (Piippo 1990; Fang et al. ested habitats in orotemperate deciduous and warm 1998): Anhui, Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Guang- temperate evergreen primeval or secondary forests. dong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Taiwan. The habitats include plantation forests of Magno- lia officinalis subsp. biloba and Tapiscia sinensis, TO TAL RANGE (Pόcs 1976; Piippo 1988; Schus- Cunninghamia, Metasequoia, Cryptomeria and ter 1992; Furuki & Higuchi 1995): Pantropical bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). The cultivated – temperate, oceanic, extending to Western Eu- areas were such as hotel garden and forest edge, rope. along roadsides and trails e.g. in orchards, villages Wiesnerellaceae Inoue 1976 and fields. The habitats are brook sides or valleys or slopes, in wet, mesic or moist localities, usually The thallus is differentiated, with simple air pores. in partial or full shadow at 273–1580 m (Fig. 1). Ventral scales are in 2 rows, very delicate, broadly S. PIIPPo & T. KoPonEn: BryoPHyTE flora of Hunan ProvInCE, CHIna 181 Fig. 1. The altitudinal distribution of Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé et al., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort., C. japonicum (Thunb.) Grolle, C. salebrosum Szweykowski, Buczkowska & Odrzykoski, Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees, Plagiochasma ap- pendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb. and Wiesnerella denudata (Mitt.) Steph. in Hunan. Oblique line – border of warm temperate and orotemperate zone. lunate, with one reniform, apically rounded ap- DE S CRI pt ION : Piippo (1988). pendage, either hyaline or somewhat purplish. An- ILLU st RAT ION S : Inoue (1976: 151, pl. 75), Piippo theridia situate in terminal cushions; sporophytes (1988: 10, figs 5e–g, 6), lin (2000: 363), Huang et al. on stalked receptacles with compound air pores (2012: 318–320, figs 1, 2). and the stalk has two rhizoid furrows. Asexual reproduction is absent. The thallus of Wiesnerella denudata is 8–13 The family has only one genus, Wiesnerella. mm wide, green to dark green, without purplish pigment, median parts are usually darker than distal Wiesnerella Schiffn. 1898 parts, usually irregularly dichotomously branched, margins are repand-undulate, obcordate at apex, Wiesnerella denudata (Mitt.) Steph. Fig. 1 costa is moderately well-defined below. Cells of Spec. Hep. 1: 154. 1899. Dumortiera denudata Mitt., the dorsal epidermis are almost isodiametric, rather J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 5: 125. 1860. thin-walled, without trigones; air pores are dis- 182 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(1). 2013 tinctly visible, the dorsal surface is not reticulate. Conocephalum Hill 1773 Rhizoids are almost colourless. The genus Conocephalum poses many taxonomic HABI T A ts AND S UB st RAT E S IN HUNAN . Most problems since its species contain many cryptic of the collections came from primeval evergreen taxa. C. salebrosum was recently given a specific broad-leaved forest of the warm temperate zone, status by Szweykowski et al. (2005) which led to more rarely from deciduous mixed forest (Tilia, other regional papers (Natcheva 2008; Borovi- Betula, Fagus, Acer, etc.) in the orotemperate zone chev et al. 2009). However, the species is easier in Badagonshan. Man-made habitats were bamboo to distinguish in Europe than in asia (David long, forest (Phyllostachus pubescens), field edges with pers. comm.). bushes and semi-open, grazed secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest at 550–1580 m (Fig. 1). It usu- Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. Fig. 1 ally occurs in localities partial shade to full shade, Ex Cogn., Bull.
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