Article ISSN 2381-9685 (Online Edition)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Seed Plant Models
Review Tansley insight Why we need more non-seed plant models Author for correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing1,2 Stefan A. Rensing 1 2 Tel: +49 6421 28 21940 Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany; BIOSS Biological Signalling Studies, Email: stefan.rensing@biologie. University of Freiburg, Sch€anzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany uni-marburg.de Received: 30 October 2016 Accepted: 18 December 2016 Contents Summary 1 V. What do we need? 4 I. Introduction 1 VI. Conclusions 5 II. Evo-devo: inference of how plants evolved 2 Acknowledgements 5 III. We need more diversity 2 References 5 IV. Genomes are necessary, but not sufficient 3 Summary New Phytologist (2017) Out of a hundred sequenced and published land plant genomes, four are not of flowering plants. doi: 10.1111/nph.14464 This severely skewed taxonomic sampling hinders our comprehension of land plant evolution at large. Moreover, most genetically accessible model species are flowering plants as well. If we are Key words: Charophyta, evolution, fern, to gain a deeper understanding of how plants evolved and still evolve, and which of their hornwort, liverwort, moss, Streptophyta. developmental patterns are ancestral or derived, we need to study a more diverse set of plants. Here, I thus argue that we need to sequence genomes of so far neglected lineages, and that we need to develop more non-seed plant model species. revealed much, the exact branching order and evolution of the I. Introduction nonbilaterian lineages is still disputed (Lanna, 2015). Research on animals has for a long time relied on a number of The first (small) plant genome to be sequenced was of THE traditional model organisms, such as mouse, fruit fly, zebrafish or model plant, the weed Arabidopsis thaliana (c. -
Chemical Constituents of 25 Liverworts
J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 74: 121- 138 (Nov. 1993) CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF 25 LIVERWORTS 1 1 TOSHIHIRO HASHIMOT0 , YOSHINORI ASAKAWA , KATSUYUK.l NAKASHIMA1 AND MOTOO Toru1 ABSTRACT. Twenty-five liverworts were investigated chemically and 20 new compounds isolated and their structures characterized by spectroscopic evidence, X-ray analysis and chemical correlation. The chemosystematics of each species is discussed. INTRODUCTION Liverworts are rich sources of terpenoids and lipophilic aromatic compounds; these are very valuable for chemosystematic investigation. Previously, we have reported the chemical constituents of 700 species of liverworts and discussed the chemosystematics at family and genus level (Asakawa l 982a, b; 1993, Asakawa & Inoue l 984a; l 987a). Here we report the isolation and distribution of the terpenoids and aromatic compounds of 25 liverworts and discuss the chemical markers of each species. EXPERJMENTALS The liverworts collected in Japan and other countries shown in Table 1, were purified and dried for 1 to 7 days and then ground mechanically and extracted with ether or methanol for 7 to 30 days. Each extract was filtered and the solvent evaporated to give green crude oils, followed by chromatography on silica gel or Sephadex LH-20, using n hexane-ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol-chloroform (1 : 1), respectively. Each fraction was further purified by a combination of preparative TLC (n-hexane-EtOAc 4 : 1) and preparative HPLC (µ.porasil; n-hexane-EtOAc 2 : 1). The stereostructures were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data (UV, IR, MS, NMR and CD) and X-ray analysis or chemical correlation. The stereostructures of each compound characterized by the above methods are shown in Chart 1 and the structural elucidation of the new compounds will be reported elsewhere. -
Phytotaxa, Fungal Symbioses in Bryophytes
Phytotaxa 9: 238–253 (2010) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2010 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Fungal symbioses in bryophytes: New insights in the Twenty First Century SILVIA PRESSEL1*, MARTIN I. BIDARTONDO2, ROBERTO LIGRONE3 & JEFFREY G. DUCKETT1 1Botany Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; emails: [email protected] and [email protected] 2Imperial College London and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW9 3DS, UK; email: [email protected] 3Dipartimento di Scienze ambientali, Seconda Università di Napoli, via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; email: [email protected] * Corresponding author Abstract Fungal symbioses are one of the key attributes of land plants. The twenty first century has witnessed the increasing use of molecular data complemented by cytological studies in understanding the nature of bryophyte-fungal associations and unravelling the early evolution of fungal symbioses at the foot of the land plant tree. Isolation and resynthesis experiments have shed considerable light on host ranges and very recently have produced an incisive insight into functional relationships. Fungi with distinctive cytology embracing short-lived intracellular fungal lumps, intercellular hyphae and thick-walled spores in Treubia and Haplomitrium are currently being identified as belonging to a more ancient group of fungi than the glomeromycetes, previously assumed to be the most primitive fungi forming symbioses with land plants. Glomeromycetes, like those in lower tracheophytes, are widespread in complex and simple thalloid liverworts. Limited molecular identification of these as belonging to the derived clade Glomus Group A has led to the suggestion of host swapping from tracheophytes. -
Anomalies in Male Receptacles of Plagiochasma Appendiculatum Lehm
American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3777, ISSN (Online): 2328-3785, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3793 AIJRFANS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Anomalies in male receptacles of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb Pallvi Sharma and Anima Langer Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir-180006, INDIA Abstract: Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb. belongs to the family Aytoniaceae which includes five genera (Plagiochasma, Reboulia, Asterella, Mannia and Cryptomitrium). Most of these genera show abnormalities in the development of reproductive structures. In the present paper, anomalies in the morphology and anatomy of male receptacles are reported in P.appendiculatum. Keywords: Plagiochasma appendiculatum; Aytoniaceae; Anomalies; Male receptacles I. Introduction Plagiochasma appendiculatum is a thalloid hepatic which is dorso-ventrally flattened. The male receptacles are normally horse-shoe shaped, sessile and present on the dorsal surface of the thallus, while the female ones are stalked, variously lobed (usually 3-5 lobed) and present on the main thallus too. Abnormality in their behaviour has been observed by bryologists like Kashyap and Bapna [1,4]. A second forking in the two lobes of androecium of P.appendiculatum is one of the important discovery (Kashyap, 1919). Abnormal female receptacles in the same genus were studied by Bapna and Bhagat [1,2] . Anomalies in the reproductive structures have also been studied in other members of family Aytoniaceae like unusual female receptacles in Asterella blumeana nees and Asterella khasiana [5] and abnormal male receptacles in Reboulia hemispherica [6]. -
Introduction to Botany. Lecture 31
Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Introduction to Botany. Lecture 31 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University November 16, 2011 Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Outline 1 Questions and answers 2 Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Bryophyta: mosses Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Outline 1 Questions and answers 2 Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Bryophyta: mosses Shipunov BIOL 154.31 2 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Previous final question: the answer 1 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh 2 Citrus 3 Piperaceae Where is a genus name? Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Previous final question: the answer 1 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh 2 Citrus 3 Piperaceae Where is a genus name? 2 Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Results of Exam 3 (statistical summary) Summary: Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA’s 43.00 67.00 79.00 78.36 92.00 108.00 5.00 Grades: F D C B max 61 72 82 92 102 Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Results of Exam 3 (the curve) Density estimation for Exam 3 (Biol 154) 61 92 (F) (B) Points Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Bryophyta: mosses Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Bryophyta: mosses Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Bryophyta: mosses Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Three main phyla Bryophyta: gametophyte predominance Pteridophyta: sporophyte predominance, no seed Spermatophyta: -
Studies in the Marchantiales (Hepaticae) from Southern Africa. 6
Bothalia 24,2: 133-147 ( 1994) Studies in the Marchantiales (Hepaticae) from southern Africa. 6. The genus Asterella (Aytoniaceae: Reboulioideae) and its four local species S.M. PEROLD* Keywords: Asterella, A. bachmannii, A. marginata, A. muscicola, A. wilmsii, Aytoniaceae, Hepaticae, Marchantiales, Phragmoblepharis, Reboulioideae, section Saccatae, southern Africa ABSTRACT A taxonomic account of the genus Asterella, and four local representatives, A. muscicola, A. bachmannii, A. marginata and A. wilmsii, subgenus Phragmoblepharis, is given here. A key to the species is provided. Two specimens identified by Arnell ( ll)63) as Reboulia hemisphaerica, Collins 775 and Eyles CH 1175, are actually A. wilmsii', the presence of the genus Reboulia in southern Africa is therefore not confirmed and should be deleted from the annotated checklist by Magill & Schelpe (1979) and Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution (Arnold & De Wet 1993). UITTREKSEL n Taksonomiese verslag oor die genus Asterella, en vier van die plaaslike verteenwoordigers daarvan, A. muscicola, A. bachmannii, A. marginata cn A. wilmsii, subgenus Phragmoblepharis, word hier gegee. 'n Sleutel tot die spesies word verskaf. Twee eksemplare, Collins 775 en Eyles CH 1175, wat deur Amell (1963) as Reboulia hemisphaerica geidentifiseer is, is in werklikheid A. wilmsii', die teenwoordigheid van die genus Reboulia in Suider-Alrika is dus nie bevestig nie en dit behoort geskrap te word van die geannoteerde kontrolelys deur Magill & Schelpe (1979) en van Plants o f southern Africa: names and distribution (Arnold & EX* Wet 1993). Asterella P. Beaux, in Dictionnaire des sciences Dorsal epidermis hyaline, unistratose, cells mostly naturelles 3: 257 (1805); A. Evans: 247 (1920); Frye & thin-walled, lacking trigones, occasionally with a single L. -
Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Metzgeriales: Aneuraceae
Glime, J. M. 2021. Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Metzgeriales: Aneuraceae. Chapt. 1-11. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte 1-11-1 Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 11 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-11: AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, ORDER METZGERIALES: ANEURACEAE TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBCLASS METZGERIIDAE ........................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Order Metzgeriales............................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneuraceae ................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneura .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneura maxima ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-11-2 Aneura mirabilis .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-7 Aneura pinguis .......................................................................................................................................................... -
Conservation and Ecology of Bryophytes in Partially Harvested Boreal Mixed-Wood Forests of West-Central Canada
University of Alberta Conservation and ecology of bryophytes in partially harvested boreal mixed-wood forests of west-central Canada by Richard Theodore Caners A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conservation Biology Department of Renewable Resources ©Richard Theodore Caners Fall 2010 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Examining Committee S. Ellen Macdonald, Renewable Resources, University of Alberta René J. Belland, Renewable Resources, University of Alberta Mark R. T. Dale, Biological Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia Dennis L. Gignac, Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Lars Söderström, Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Abstract This thesis examined the efficacy of residual forest structure for the preservation and recovery of bryophytes five to six years after partial canopy harvest in boreal mixed-wood forests of northwestern Alberta, Canada. Bryophytes were sampled in two forest types that differed in pre-harvest abundance of broadleaf (primarily Populus tremuloides Michx. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
S41467-021-25308-W.Pdf
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25308-w OPEN Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota ✉ ✉ Luis Javier Galindo 1 , Purificación López-García 1, Guifré Torruella1, Sergey Karpov2,3 & David Moreira 1 Compared to multicellular fungi and unicellular yeasts, unicellular fungi with free-living fla- gellated stages (zoospores) remain poorly known and their phylogenetic position is often 1234567890():,; unresolved. Recently, rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses of two atypical parasitic fungi with amoeboid zoospores and long kinetosomes, the sanchytrids Amoeboradix gromovi and San- chytrium tribonematis, showed that they formed a monophyletic group without close affinity with known fungal clades. Here, we sequence single-cell genomes for both species to assess their phylogenetic position and evolution. Phylogenomic analyses using different protein datasets and a comprehensive taxon sampling result in an almost fully-resolved fungal tree, with Chytridiomycota as sister to all other fungi, and sanchytrids forming a well-supported, fast-evolving clade sister to Blastocladiomycota. Comparative genomic analyses across fungi and their allies (Holomycota) reveal an atypically reduced metabolic repertoire for sanchy- trids. We infer three main independent flagellum losses from the distribution of over 60 flagellum-specific proteins across Holomycota. Based on sanchytrids’ phylogenetic position and unique traits, we propose the designation of a novel phylum, Sanchytriomycota. In addition, our results indicate that most of the hyphal morphogenesis gene repertoire of multicellular fungi had already evolved in early holomycotan lineages. 1 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France. 2 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. ✉ Petersburg, Russia. 3 St. -
North American H&A Names
A very tentative and preliminary list of North American liverworts and hornworts, doubtless containing errors and omissions, but forming a basis for updating the spreadsheet of recognized genera and numbers of species, November 2010. Liverworts Blasiales Blasiaceae Blasia L. Blasia pusilla L. Fossombroniales Calyculariaceae Calycularia Mitt. Calycularia crispula Mitt. Calycularia laxa Lindb. & Arnell Fossombroniaceae Fossombronia Raddi Fossombronia alaskana Steere & Inoue Fossombronia brasiliensis Steph. Fossombronia cristula Austin Fossombronia foveolata Lindb. Fossombronia hispidissima Steph. Fossombronia lamellata Steph. Fossombronia macounii Austin Fossombronia marshii J. R. Bray & Stotler Fossombronia pusilla (L.) Dumort. Fossombronia longiseta (Austin) Austin Note: Fossombronia longiseta was based on a mixture of material belonging to three different species of Fossombronia; Schuster (1992a p. 395) lectotypified F. longiseta with the specimen of Austin, Hepaticae Boreali-Americani 118 at H. An SEM of one spore from this specimen was previously published by Scott and Pike (1988 fig. 19) and it is clearly F. pusilla. It is not at all clear why Doyle and Stotler (2006) apply the name to F. hispidissima. Fossombronia texana Lindb. Fossombronia wondraczekii (Corda) Dumort. Fossombronia zygospora R.M. Schust. Petalophyllum Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wilson) Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. Moerckiaceae Moerckia Gottsche Moerckia blyttii (Moerch) Brockm. Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche Pallaviciniaceae Pallavicinia A. Gray, nom. cons. Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. Pelliaceae Pellia Raddi, nom. cons. Pellia appalachiana R.M. Schust. (pro hybr.) Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. ssp. alpicola R.M. Schust. Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. ssp. endiviifolia Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda Pellia megaspora R.M. Schust. Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Aneuraceae (Marchantiophyta) from Eastern Africa with an Interactive Identification Key
cryptogamie Bryologie 2019 ● 41 ● 2 DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEURS EN CHEF / EDITORS-IN-CHIEF : Denis LAMY, Michelle Price ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Marianne SALAÜN ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Marianne SALAÜN RÉDACTEURS ASSOCIÉS / ASSOCIATE EDITORS Biologie moléculaire et phylogénie / Molecular biology and phylogeny Bernard GOFFINET Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (United States) Mousses d’Europe / European mosses Isabel DRAPER Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Francisco LARA GARCÍA Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Mousses d’Afrique et d’Antarctique / African and Antarctic mosses Rysiek OCHYRA Laboratory of Bryology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Pologne) Bryophytes d’Asie / Asian bryophytes Rui-Liang ZHU School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai (China) Bioindication / Biomonitoring Franck-Olivier DENAYER Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lille, Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Lille (France) Écologie des bryophytes / Ecology of bryophyte Nagore GARCÍA MEDINA Department of Biology (Botany), and Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) COUVERTURE / COVER : From top left, to bottom right, by