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A Taxonomic Revision of Aneuraceae (Marchantiophyta) from Eastern Africa with an Interactive Identification Key

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A Taxonomic Revision of Aneuraceae (Marchantiophyta) from Eastern Africa with an Interactive Identification Key cryptogamie Bryologie 2019 ● 41 ● 2 DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEURS EN CHEF / EDITORS-IN-CHIEF : Denis LAMY, Michelle Price ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Marianne SALAÜN ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Marianne SALAÜN RÉDACTEURS ASSOCIÉS / ASSOCIATE EDITORS Biologie moléculaire et phylogénie / Molecular biology and phylogeny Bernard GOFFINET Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (United States) Mousses d’Europe / European mosses Isabel DRAPER Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Francisco LARA GARCÍA Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Mousses d’Afrique et d’Antarctique / African and Antarctic mosses Rysiek OCHYRA Laboratory of Bryology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Pologne) Bryophytes d’Asie / Asian bryophytes Rui-Liang ZHU School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai (China) Bioindication / Biomonitoring Franck-Olivier DENAYER Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lille, Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Lille (France) Écologie des bryophytes / Ecology of bryophyte Nagore GARCÍA MEDINA Department of Biology (Botany), and Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) COUVERTURE / COVER : From top left, to bottom right, by line: Riccardia vohimanensis, Riccardia corbieri, Riccardia gasparii, Riccardia longispica phenotype erosa, Riccardia fastigiata, Ricardia martinii, Riccardia angusticosta. Blue colors are due to methylen blue coloration. Cryptogamie, Bryologie est indexé dans / Cryptogamie, Bryologie is indexed in: – Biological Abstracts – Current Contents – Science Citation Index – Publications bibliographiques du CNRS (Pascal). Cryptogamie, Bryologie est distribué en version électronique par / Cryptogamie, Bryologie is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Cryptogamie, Bryologie est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris Cryptogamie, Bryologie is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Mycologie. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2020 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1290-0796 / ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1776-0992 A taxonomic revision of Aneuraceae (Marchantiophyta) from eastern Africa with an interactive identification key Catherine REEB Robbert GRADSTEIN Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UMR7205 Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Submitted on 20 May 2019 | Accepted on 22 October 2019 | Published on 29 January 2020 Reeb C. & Gradstein R. 2020. — A taxonomic revision of Aneuraceae (Marchantiophyta) from eastern Africa with an interactive identification key. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 41 (2): 11-34. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-bryolo- gie2020v41a2. http://cryptogamie.com/bryologie/41/2 ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision of the liverwort family Aneuraceae in eastern Africa is presented based on the results of an integrative approach. Molecular and morphological data lead to the recognition of fourteen species in eastern Africa, in three genera: eleven species in Riccardia Gray, two in Aneura Dumort. and one in Afroriccardia Reeb & Gradst. One further species, R. multifida, may be expected in eastern Africa and is included in this treatment. Keys, descriptions and illustrations are provided for the accepted species together with data on types, synonymy, geographical distribution, habitat and differentiating characters. A knowledge database was built using Xper3 and an interactive key KEY WORDS was generated using the Xper3 platform tools. Riccardia gasparii sp. nov., R. martinii sp. nov. and Africa, R. vohimanensis sp. nov. are described as new to science. A comparison with other regions of the world Aneuraceae, interactive key, shows that Africa has relatively few Aneuraceae taxa; only the Holarctic region, with the exception of liverworts, East Asia, has fewer species. Moreover, dendroid taxa and species with cuticular ornamentation are Riccardia, lacking in Africa. On the other hand, Africa stands out by the presence of the endemic genus Afro- new species, new combinations, riccardia. More collecting is needed in future to clarify the species ranges, the status of questionable new synonyms. taxa and the knowledge of local floras. CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2020 • 41 (2) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.cryptogamie.com/bryologie 11 Reeb C. & Gradstein R. RÉSUMÉ Une révision taxonomique des Aneuraceae de l’Afrique de l’Est, incluant une clé d’identification interactive. Nous présentons une révision taxonomique de la famille d’hépatiques Aneuraceae pour l’Afrique de l’Est, basée sur une approche de taxonomie intégrative. Les données moléculaires et morphologiques ont conduit à la reconnaissance de quatorze espèces en Afrique de l’Est, réparties en trois genres : onze espèces de Riccardia Gray, deux d’Aneura Dumort. et une d’Afroriccardia Reeb & Gradst. Une autre espèce est attendue en Afrique de l’Est, R. multifida, incluse dans le traitement. Les clés, descriptions et illustrations sont fournies pour les espèces acceptées, accompagnées de données sur les types, la MOTS CLÉS synonymie et la distribution géographique. Une base de connaissance utilisant Xper3 a été élaborée Afrique, et une clé d’identification interactive a été générée. Riccardia gasparii sp. nov., R. martinii sp. nov. Aneuraceae, and R. vohimanensis sp. nov. sont décrites comme nouvelles pour la science. L’Afrique héberge moins clé interactive, hépatiques, d’espèces d’Aneuraceae que d’autres régions du monde et l’on n’y rencontre aucune espèce dendroïde Riccardia, ou avec cuticule ornementée ; d’un autre côté, le genre endémique Afroriccardia y a été décrit. Des espèces nouvelles, combinaisons nouvelles, collectes supplémentaires sont nécessaires afin de préciser certains taxons aux limites encore discu- synonymes nouveaux. tables, et d’enrichir les flores locales. INTRODUCTION are new to science, R. gasparii sp. nov., R. martinii sp. nov. and R. vohimanensis sp. nov. Descriptions and illustrations Species delimitation, description and name attribution are the are presented as well as d two identifications keys, a classi- necessary steps towards classification, one of the main goals cal dichotomous key and an interactive online key based on of systematics. Species identification based on morphological formalized description using Xper3 software. characters is only possible when clear species hypotheses are available. The generation of robust species hypotheses requires an integrative approach, using all available tools from mol- MATERIAL AND METHODS ecules to morphology, and preferably supported by various decision tools (Debortoli et al. 2016; Johnston et al. 2017). Molecular species delimitation was conducted using tree-based Here we present a taxonomic revision of the liverwort family and non-tree-based methods (Fontaneto et al. 2015; Reeb Aneuraceae in eastern Africa using the results of the species et al. 2018). We present a RaxML tree based on concatenated delimitation approach applied in a previous study (Reeb et al. chloroplasts markers (matK, psbA-trnH, trnL-F), synthesiz- 2018). Knowledge of Aneuraceae of Africa has been reviewed by ing previously published first results Rabeau( et al. 2017; Jones (1956), Perold (2001a, b, 2003), Reeb & Bardat (2014) Reeb et al. 2018). The tree building ran on Cipres Science and others. About 37 species have been described from Africa, Gateway (Miller et al. 2010) using RaxML (Stamatakis 2006) the majority of them by Stephani (e.g. 1891, 1892, 1898-1924) with a fast bootstraping. The analysis of African Aneuraceae and furthermore by S.W. Arnell, W. Pearson, G. Gola and included 93 samples of Riccardia, six of Afroriccardia comosa others. Most of these species are now considered synonyms. and eight of Aneura. Vouchers used in the molecular analysis The first critical taxonomic revisions were byJones (1956), (Reeb et al. 2018) and (Fig. 1) are indicated in the taxonomic who accepted seven species in the single genus Riccardia Gray, treatment by an asterisk (*). and by Meenks & Pócs (1985) who recognized ten species in Morphological species delimitation was based on exami- East Africa, two in Aneura (L.) Dumort. and eight in Riccardia. nation of more than 1300 specimens from Africa, including Perold (2001a, b, 2002a, b) presented detailed descriptions 300+ collections made by the first author and the remaining of selected species from southern Africa and Reeb & Bardat ones from various herbaria as listed in the acknowledgments. (2014) discussed the types of the African Riccardia species. A preliminary worldwide molecular analysis of Aneuraceae INTERACTIVE IDENTIFICATION
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