Eleven Species of Liverworts As New Distributional Records to Bryoflora Andhra Pradesh, India

Home , Plagiochasma (plant), Pseudephemerum, Riccia

Bioscience Discovery, 11(3):111-120, July - 2020

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Research Article Eleven species of liverworts as new distributional records to Bryoflora Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao

Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu -515003, Andhra Pradesh. E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info Abstract Received: 05-04-2020 Eleven species of liverworts viz., Asterella khasiana (Griff.) Grolle., Revised: 10-06-2020 Plagiochasma cordatum Lehm. & Lindenb., Plagiochasma intermedium Accepted: 18-06-2020 Lindend & Gottsche, Riccia frostii Austin, Riccia poihaniana A.E.D. Daniels Keywords: Eleven Species, & P. Daniel, Riccia sporocarpa Bisch. Riccia stricta (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Liverworts, New records, Nees) Perold, Riccia velimalaiana A.E.D. Daniels & P. Daniel, Andhra Pradesh Riccardia levieri Schiffner., Riccardia tenuicostata Schiffn. and Riccardia villosa (Stephani) S.C. Srivast. & Udar, are collected from different forest tracts of Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh, are being new distributional records the state.

INTRODUCTION: Plagiochasma intermedium Lindend & Gottsche, Andhra Pradesh is the seventh largest state Riccia frostii Austin, Riccia poihaniana A.E.D. in Indian union, it covers an area about 162, 970 sq. Daniels & P. Daniel, Riccia sporocarpa Bisch. kilometers and lies between 12°37ʹ and 19° 25ʹ Riccia stricta (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Perold, Northern latitude and 76° 45ʹ and 84° 72ʹ Eastern Riccia velimalaiana A.E.D. Daniels & P. Daniel, longitude (Map 1). The state comprises 13 districts, Riccardia levieri Schiffner., Riccardia tenuicostata there are two areas namely called Rayalaseema and Schiffn. and Riccardia villosa (Stephani) S.C. Costal Andhra. The state is having about 17.86 Srivast. & Udar. Perusal of previously published percentage of forest cover (FSI, 2019), major portion literature (Rao et al., 1999; Bapna & Kachroo 2000; of Eastern Ghats hill ranges, it is also having Sowghandika, 2010; Dandotiya et al., 2011; Sandhya different types of vegetation’s, nearly more than 180 Rani et al., 2011a & 2011b; Sowghandhika et al., waterfalls (seasonal and perennial) and different 2011; Sandhya Rani et al., 2012; Sandhya Rani et al., types of altitudinal variations from sea level to 1680 2014; Sreenath & Ravi Prasad Rao 2019; Asthana & meters of above mean sea level. Srivastava 2020; Sreenath & Ravi Prasad Rao 2020; Part of bryophyte inventory during 2016 to 2019, we Sreenath et al., 2020 and Asthana & Srivastava 2020) could collect curious bryophytes specimens from revealed that above mentioned species are nowhere forest tracks of Eastern Ghats hill ranges in different recorded in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Hence the localities and different districts of the state of Andhra present collection forms are new distributional Pradesh. After critical examination of the specimens records to the state, and the present report adds ten identified belongs to Asterella khasiana (Griff.) more liverwort species to Bryoflora of Andhra Grolle., Plagiochasma cordatum Lehm. & Lindenb., Pradesh, India.

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Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao MATERIALS AND METHODS or two rows in cross section, air chambers empty; Extensive field explorations were conducted pores bounded by 3 – 4 concentric rings, with 6 or 7 during 2016 – 2019. All the bryophyte specimens cells in each. ventral Scales purple with appendages; were collected with research curiosity. The male receptacles behind the stalk of female corticolous plant material was collected by using receptacles, stalk with scales and one rhizoidal sharp edged knife and terrestrial specimens were furrow, female receptacles terminal on the main scraped by using manually bent and sharped flat thallus. Spores yellowish, winged, ovoid to rounded, spoon. The collected specimens were placed in zip 80 – 90 µm in diameter. Elaters bi-spiral, 200 – 250 lock polythene cover with labeled field number. µm long. Field observations were recorded in the field notes Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial on soil and live photographs were taken using DSLR- covered rock substratum near deep shady places in Camera (Nikon D3300). Collected material brought semi moist deciduous forest, associated with to the laboratory, made it air dried at room Fissidens jungermanniodis and acrocarpous mosses. temperature and preserved them in brown paper Specimens examined: NLR district, Penchalakona packets (12 × 18 cm) with detailed label (10 × 17cm). top hills, 07 February 2017 52273B, SKU, BR & AS; Critical examination of the specimens was done by PKS district, Rollapenta Waterfall, 24 October 2017, using temporary slides and plant parts were separated 53621, 53622A, SKU, BR & AS; NLR District, by using micro forceps (Varin) VR-15 curved, VR- Penchalakona top hills, 13 November 2018, 55276, 11 straight with fine sharp edges. Slides were SKU, AS; EG district, Near Amruthadara waterfall, observed under light microscope (Olympus CH20i), 22 November 2018, 55818, SKU, AS; Papikondalu light stereo microscope (Olympus SZ61) and micro National Park, near Vaali and Sugreevula temple, 22 measurements were taken by using ocular micro November 2018, 55832C, SKU, AS. meter (ERMA) 19 mm, 100 segments in 1 cm. Distribution: Photographs were taken by using Moto g3 turbo and Plagiochasma cordatum Lehm. & Lindenb., Samsung on6 equipped with 13 MP camera with 4x Lehmann, Nov. Strip. Pug. 4: 13. 1832. S. wide digital zoom, different dimensions were Chantanaorrapint & K. Sridith, Crytogamie, measured and identification of the specimens by Bryologie, 35 (2): 127 – 132. 2014. using standard floras. Descriptions, Habitat & Plants found as terrestrial on soil covered Ecology, Voucher specimens’ information, field rock substratum, thallus incomplete rosettes or photographs were provided for the species. Voucher overlapping patches, simple or once furcately specimens are deposited in Sri Krishnadevaraya branched, thalli segments 3.5 – 5.5 × 20 – 30 mm, University Bryophyte Herbarium (SKU) yellowish green to dark green dorsally, smooth and Ananthapuramu. Abbreviated names used for the faintly areolate; purple ventrally and margins, collectors are: AS (Ananthaneni Sreenath) and BR slightly undulate; apical and lateral adventitious (Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao). branches frequently, generally heart-shaped. Epidermal cells with medium trigones. Epidermal RESULTS AND DISCUSSION pores simple, raised above epidermis, bounded by 2 Technical descriptions: -3 concentric rings of 5 – 8 cells. Ventral scales Asterella khasiana (Griff.) Grolle. Ergebn. Forsch. purple, margin slightly dentate; appendages 2, rarely Unter. Nepal Himalaya 1 (4): 267. 1966; Bapna & 3, narrowly triangular, acuminate, purplish, not Kachroo, Hepatic. India 2: 406. 2000; Octoskepos constricted at base; margins irregularly dentate. khasyanum Griff., Notul. Plant Asiat. 2: 343. 1849; Monoicous. Male receptacle sessile, horse shoe- Fimbriaria khasyana (Griff.) Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. shaped, dorsal at the apical region, of adventitious Soc. 5: 126. 1861; Steph. Sp. Hepat. 1. 118. 1900; branch, Archegoniophore dorsal at apical region of Manju. Eco-systematic studies on bryophytes of the thallus or adventitious branches; stalk very short, Wayanad, Kerala. 65. 2005. 0.5 – 1 mm long; receptacle 2 – 3 lobed; dorsal Plants found as terrestrial on moist soil, surface nearly smooth. Sporophyte with a very short thallus forming as irregular and incomplete rosettes seta; capsule ovoid, 0.5 mm in diameter. Spores or gregarious patches, thalli yellowish-green to light yellowish-brown to dark brown, triangular to green, thalli segments, unbranched or 1 -2 rounded, 95 - 110 µm in diameter, tetrahedral, more dichotomously, furcately branched, 1 – 1.5 cm × 2 – or less forming incomplete reticulations Elaters 4 mm, thin, delicate, margin wavy, air chambers in 1 https://jbsd.in 112 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print)

Bioscience Discovery, 11(3):111-120, July - 2020 yellowish-brown, usually devoid of spirals 250 – 300 Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial on soil µm long. covered rock substratum, in semi moist deciduous Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial on soil forest, mostly monodominant plants, sometimes covered rock substratum near shade of other rock in associated with Pohlia flexuosa (Bryaceae) and other high altitudinal hills, associated with Asterella acrocarpous mosses. wallichana (Aytoniaceae) and other acrocarpous Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, mosses. Prakasam district, Nallamalais, Bairavakona, 30 Specimens examined: CTR district, Horsley hills, November 2019, 57027 & 57029B, SKU, AS. 23 August 2016, 51619, SKU, BR & AS. Distribution: World: China, Guatemalla, Japan, Distribution: World: A Sino-Himalayan Species Korea, Manchuria, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan and Distributed in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal India: Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, and India: Himalayas and Tamil Nadu. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Panjab, Rajasthan, Plagiochasma intermedium Lindend & Gottsche. in Shimla, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Gott., Lindenb. & Nees, Syn. Hep. 513: 1846; Steph., Riccia frostii Austin, Torrey Bull. Bot. Club 6: 17. Mem. Herb. Boiss. 79. 1898; Evens. Bull. Torrey 1875; Black, Ann. Bot. 27: 511. 1913; Pande & Udar, bot. Cl. 42: 301. 1915; Karh., Liverw. W. Himalayas J. Indian Bot. Soc. 36: 577. 1957; Bapna & Kachroo, Punjab Pl. 1: 79. 1929; Hatt., J. Hattori bot. Lab. 8: J. Indian Bot. Soc. 54: 129. 1975; R. watsonii Austin, 45. 1952; Udar & Chadra J. Hattori bot. Lab. 28: 75 Torrey Bull. 6: 17. 1875; R. frostii var. major – 93. f. 1-7. 1965; Bapna & Kachroo, Hepatic. India Underw., Bot. Gaz. 19: 273. 1894; Manju. Eco- 2: 415. 2000. systematic studies on bryophytes of Wayanad, Plants found as terricolous on soil covered rock Kerala. 76. 2005. Plants terrestrial, thallus medium substratum, thallus complete or incomplete rosettes to large, incomplete or complete rosettes, thalli in dense patches, green, 10 – 12 × 4 – 5 mm, thalli yellowish green, thalli 2 – 4 times furcately plane, strap shaped; with a slightly wavy and crenate, branching, female and female branching slightly purple margin. Thallus generally forked, growing differentiated; female branches larger than male point surround ed by incurved scales. Latero-ventral branches, female branches 4 – 10 × 1 – 1.5 mm, male shoots thin with thick trigones; pores simple, branches 3 – 5 × 1 – 1.2 mm; branch lobes rounded elevated, bounded by 2 – 4 concentric rings of 6 – 10 or truncate, slightly incised at apex. Dorsal surface of cells each which radially thickened walls; ventral thallus crystalline, perforations small in younger scales in two rows, purple, scales large, over lapping, pats, wide open in older parts; median groove very lunate and appendiculate, margin of irregular cells, short or absent. Ventral scales absent or if present hyaline appear crenate; appendages 2 – 3 ovate- scales hyaline. Rhizoids numerous, simple and obovate, broadly lanceolate, 7 – 10 cells broad, tuberculate; 2 to 3 times as broad as high in cross margin entire or papillate as in scale margins, single section, air chambers elongated, epidermal cells thin- cells at apex, rarely a mucilage papilla and appear walled, hyaline, assimilatory filaments loose, storage acuminate, appendage both constricted and folded. tissue 4 – 7 cells thick. Dioecious, archegonia in 1 or Rhizoids smooth and tuberculate; air chambers in 2 rows, sporangium found in ventral side of the several layers, air chambers 2 – 4 layers in wings, thallus. Spores dark brownish, rounded, 40 – 60 µm ventral parenchymatous tissue may have mycorrhiza. in diameter, margin crenulate, crenulations up to 3 Plants monoecious. Male receptacle sub-terminal or µm. dorsal or on ventral lobe, horseshoe shaped, Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial near encircled by scales, which are ovate to linear apex aquatic places in semi moist deciduous forest, mostly acute, with marginal or terminal papillae. Female found as mono dominant plant, sometimes associated receptacle dorsal on thallus, subsessile, scales with other acrocarpous mosses. narrow, lanceolate with marginal or apical papillae. Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, Carpocephalum concave, lobes apiculate, involucres Prakasam district, Nallamalais, Isukagundam 1 – 4 with single sporangium in each. Spores brown, section, Obulesuni penta Beat, 04 August 2017, 60 – 80 µm in diameter, 1 - 3 alveoli at distal face, 53548, SKU, BR & AS; Chittoor district, winged. Elaters light brown, 200 – 250 µm long, Kailasakona, hills, 11 November 2017, 53737A, without spirals. SKU, AS; Kadapa district, Lankamalleswaram wild life sanctuary, Lanakamala hills, 01 December https://biosciencediscovery.com 113 ISSN: 2231-024X (Online)

Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao 2019, 57042B, SKU, AS. Udar, Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India 2513: 99. 1959; K.P. Distribution: World: Africa, Bangladesh, Europe, Srivast, Bull. Lucknow Natl. Bot. Gard. 104: 42. Pakistan, South and North America, Turkey and 1964; Kachroo et al. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 56: 80. 1977; India: Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Kashmir, Kerala, Plants terrestrial or racopilous, thallus in Manipur, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar complete or incomplete rosettes or overlapping Pradesh and West Bengal. patches, thalli segments, 3 – 5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, 1 or 2 Riccia poihaniana A.E.D. Daniels & P. Daniel, Bull. times dichotomously branched, bluish green to light Bot. Surv. India 44: 135 2002; Daniels, Bryophytes green, concolorous below; branching segments of Southern W. Ghats 210. 2003. oblong, ovate, subacute at apex; dorsal groove Plants terrestrial, thallus incomplete anteriorly, deep and narrow, posteriorly shallow and rosettes, glaucous green to green, thalli 4 – 10 × 2 – broad. Ventral scales small, distinct near at apex, 3 mm, one or two times dichotomously branched, often reaching margin, hyaline or purple. Rhizoids branch segments linear to obovate, acute at apex; smooth and tuberculate. Thalli roughly parabolic, 1 dorsal grove prominent throughout, deeper towards – 3 times as broad as high in cross section; epidermal apex, becoming shallow at posterior end; scales cells 2-layered; ventral surface distinctly convex prominent 0.5 – 0.6 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm, extending sides abruptly ascending to almost vertical; margins beyond thallus margin, purple, sometimes partly acute, sharp. Monoecious, Antheridial ostioles hyaline. Rhizoids mostly tuberculate, rarely smooth. distinct; papillae 90 × 45 µm, archegonia common, Thallus two or three times as broad as high in cross Sporangia numerous, prominent on dorsal surface, section; epidermal cells 28 – 30 × 23 – 25 µm, dehiscing by decaying of overlying tissue. Spores hyaline; air chambers columnar in one vertical series. tetrahedral, 85 – 90 × 80 – 85 µm, with 8- 12 Monoecious, antheridial ostioles conspicuous, two or reticulations across outer face, punctate or with short three rowed; papillae conspicuous, projecting above minute ridges in inner face, dark brown, winged; the thallus surface, 72 – 75 × 50 – 53 µm, hyaline. wing 4 -6 µm broad, crenulate, papillate in inner Archegonia along dorsal grove; neck embedded. profile, yellowish brown; indistinct triradiate mark. Sporangia one rowed along dorsal groove. Spores Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial or globose to ovoid 135 – 150 × 120 – 150 µm, with 4 racopilous on soil covered rock substratum, open – 7 reticulations on outer face, trigonous, dark brown rocky areas in dry deciduous forests, associated with to black, opaque with truncate to finger-like Brachymenium indicum (Bryaceae) and Riccia projections; projections up to 11 µm, sometimes bellarderi (Ricciaceae). bifid, triradiate mark indistinct. Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial on soil Chittoor district, Horsley hills, 16 September 2016, covered rock substratum near water seeping area, 51639, SKU, BR & AS; Mamandur, 08 January associated with Riccia groleii and Riccia bellarderi 2017, 52234A & 52237A, SKU, BR & AS; Nellore (Ricciaceae). district, Penchalakona, 07 February 2017, 52217 & Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, 52289A, SKU, BR & AS; Chittoor district, Kondallo Nellore district, Rapur Ghat, 18 September 2016, adaram reserve forest, 22 February 2017, 53313A, 51675, SKU, BR & AS; Penchalakona, 07 February SKU, BR & AS; Kailasakona, 25 February 2017, 2017, 52280B, SKU, BR & AS; Ananthapur district, 53334A, SKU, BR & AS; Kurnool district, Gundumala Fort, Top hills, Gundumala reserve Nallamalais, Sunnipenta, near biodiversity lab area, forest, 10 August 2019, 55871B, SKU, AS; Sri 28 May 2017, 53388, SKU, BR & AS; Prakasam Krishnadevaraya University Campus, Near between district, Nallamalais, Yerragonda palem range, near Engineering college and Bio Chemistry department, Meethotabavi Basecamp, 27 October 2017, 53652 & 19 986532.0September 2019, 55893A, SKU, AS; 53653, SKU, BR & AS; Ananthapur district, top hill Poolakunta, 03 September 2019, 55898, SKU, AS. of Yerraipalli konda, 21 September 2018, 55106A, Distribution: World: Endemic to India: Tamil SKU, AS; Kalasamudram reserve forest, 13 October Nadu. 2018, 55172, SKU, AS. Riccia sporocarpa Bisch. Nova Acta. Acad. Cacs. Distribution: World: Africa, Britain, Canary Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 17: 1053. 1835; Pande & Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Europe, Japan, North America and India: Himalayas and Tamil Nadu. https://jbsd.in 114 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print)

Bioscience Discovery, 11(3):111-120, July - 2020

PLATE. 1: A. Asterella khasiana (Griff.) Grolle., B. Plagiochasma cordatum Lehm. & Lindenb., C. Plagiochasma intermedium Lindend & Gottsche, D. Riccia frostii Austin, E. Riccia poihaniana A.E.D. Daniels & P. Daniel, F. Cross section of thallus, G. Magnified view of Spore and H. Riccia sporocarpa Bisch. https://biosciencediscovery.com 115 ISSN: 2231-024X (Online)

Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao

PLATE. 2. A. Riccia stricta (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Perold, B. Riccia velimalaiana A.E.D. Daniels & P. Daniel, C. Magnified view of Spore, D. Cross section of thallus, E. Riccardia levieri Schiffner., F. Magnified view of thallus, G. Riccardia tenuicostata Schiffn. H. Magnified view of thallus and Riccardia villosa (Stephani) S.C. Srivast. & Udar.

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Bioscience Discovery, 11(3):111-120, July - 2020

MAP. 1. Map of Andhra Pradesh.

Riccia stricta (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Perold, chlorophyllose, hyaline. Plants sterile, sometimes 20: 197. 1990; Udar & Agarwal, J. Indian Bot. Soc. sporangium like round nodule present. 64: 249. 1895; Riccia fluitence L. var. stricta Habitat and ecology: Fond as terrestrial on moist Lindenb. Nova Acta. Phys. Med. Acad. Cacs. Leop.- soil, near water streams in semi moist deciduous Carol. Nat. Cur, 18: 144. 1937. forests, mostly monodominant sometimes associated Plants found as terrestrial, thallus complete with other acrocarpous mosses. rosettes as in overlapping patches, thalli segments 5 Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, – 8 × 0.6 - 0.9 mm, many times dichotomously Chittoor district, Mamandur, 08 January 2017, branched, translucent, green; segments linear, 52233, SKU, BR & AS; Nellore district, truncate to emarginate at apex; dorsal groove Penchalakona, 07 February 2017, 52281 & 52289B, prominent, deep at apex becoming shallow towards SKU, AS; Chittoor district, Mamandur, 13 base. Ventral scales present or absent, if present November 2017, 53776, SKU, AS. minute, membranous at apex. Rhizoids clustered Distribution: World: South Africa and India: towards apex, smooth. Thallus 2 or 3 times as broad Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Western as high in cross section; air spaces large; assimilatory Ghats. filaments reticulate; epidermal cells ovoid, non

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Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao Riccia velimalaiana A.E.D. Daniels & P. Daniel, ovoid, granular. Stoloniferous branches often Bull. Bot. Surv. India 44: 139. 2002; Daniels, present. Ventral scales absent. Gemmae endogenous, Bryophytes of Southern W. Ghats 212 & 213. 2003. 2-celled, abundant. Dioecious. Sporangium not seen. Plants terrestrial or racopilous on soil covered rock Habitat and ecology: Found as aquatic on wet rocks, substratum, thallus forming as rosettes near waterfalls, associated with Fissidens oroverlapping patches, simple or once grandifrons (Fissidentaceae) and other Hypnaceae dichotomously branched, branching segments, 3 – 5 members. × 1.5 – 2 mm, bright green, segments linear, obovate Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, to truncate at apex; dorsal groove prominent, deep Chittoor district, Kailasakona Waterfall-1, 25 near at apex, becoming shallow and concave at base, February 2017, 53339A & 53346A, SKU, BR & AS. ventral scales prominent, dark purple, extending Distribution: World: Bhutan and India: Himalayas, beyond the thallus margin, Rhizoids mostly Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, tuberculate, few smooth. Thallus 3 times as broad as Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Western Ghats. high in cross section, epidermal cells sub-globose to Riccardia tenuicostata Schiffn., Denkschr. Math. mamillated; assimilatory filaments of mid-dorsal Nat. Cl. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 67: 166. 1898; line, sometime tuberculate thickenings on walls; Aneura tenuicostata (Schiffner) Stephani., Sp. ventral surface convex; margin acute. Monoicous. Hepat. 1: 245. 1899; S.C.Srivastava & Udar, Biol. Antheridial papillae hyaline. Archegonia more than Mem. 1(112): 128. 1976; Bapna & Kachroo, one row along groove, neck prominent, Sporangium Hepatic. India 2: 357. 2000; Manju. Eco-systematic common, one for thallus, distinct on dorsal surface, studies on bryophytes of Wayanad, Kerala. 88. 2005. dehiscing by decaying of overlying tissue. Spores Plants thalloid, racopilous or corticolous, dark brown to black, roughly tetrahedral, rounded thallus yellowish brown, small, thalli segments, 4 – slightly triangular, to 90 – 140 µm in diameter, 6 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, pinnately branched, branches short, winged, wing 8 – 10 µm wide, distinct triradiate obtuse at apex, margin entire; main axis slightly mark. biconvex in cross section, 4 – 6 cells thick in the Habitat and ecology: Found as terrestrial or middle, wing multistratose, gradually become thin racopilous on soil covered rock substratum, near foot towards the margin, branches 3 – 4 cells in the middle hills of dry deciduous forest, associated with Riccia with multistratose, wing, ultimately becoming 2 – sporaocarpa (Ricciaceae) cells wide, margin unistratose; oil bodies dispersed. Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, Rhizoids small, faint; monoecious or dioecious. Guntur district, Narasaraopet, near Pirangipuramu, Antheridial branches narrow or globose, embedded. Ameenabad reserve forest, top hills, 26 January Archegonial branches short, margin papillose, 2017, 52261A, SKU, BR & AS; Nellore district, archegonia dorsal. Sporangium not seen. Penchalakona, 06 February 2017, 52264B, SKU, BR Habitat and ecology: Found as racopilous or & AS; Ananthapur district, Kadiripoolakunta reserve corticolous on exposed roots or moist tocks, near forest, 08 February 2017, 52297, SKU, BR & AS. waterfall areas in moist or semi moist deciduous Distribution: World: Endemic to India: Tamil forests, associated with Fissidens javanica or F. Nadu. grandifrons (Fissidentaceae) and other Riccardia levieri Schiffner., Ostcrr. Bot. Z. 49: 130. pleurocarpous mosses of Hypnaceae members. 1899; S.C. Srivastava and Udar in Biol. Mem. 1: 132. Specimens examined: India, Andhra Pradesh, 1976; Kachroo et al., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 56: 68. 1977; Kurnool district, Nallamalais, Gundlabrahmeswaram Aneura levieri (Schiffn.) Steph., Sp. Hepat. 1: 261. wild life sancntuary, Gundlabrahmeswaram, near 1900. walls of gundlakamma river, 18 May 2017, 53363A, Plants thalloid, terrestrial or racopilous, SKU, BR & AS; Nallamalais, Pullutla Penta, 01 June thalli in overlapping patches, translucent, yellowish 2017, 53395A, SKU, BR & AS; Chittoor district, green to pale green; thalli irregularly or pinnately Kailasakona waterfalls, 11 November 2017, branched, thalli 5 – 7 × 0.5 – 0.75 mm. thalli thin 6 – 53727A, SKU, AS; Moolakona, 12 November 2017, 7 or rarely 8-celled thick in cross section. Dorsal 53754B, SKU, AS; Visakhapatnam district, epidermal cells thin-walled, 45 – 60 × 25 -30 µm, Ananthagiri hill ranges, near Galikona view point, 21 polygonal; middle cells 25 – 30 × 20 – 25 µm, October 2018, 55196B, SKU, AS; Chittoor district, marginal cells 15 – 45 × 10 – 30 µm; oil bodies 2 – 3 top hills of Talakona, near Sirodroni theertham, 12 or rarely 4 per cell, 10 – 15 × 10 – 20 µm, globose to November 2018, 55265A, SKU, AS. https://jbsd.in 118 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print)

Bioscience Discovery, 11(3):111-120, July - 2020 Distribution: World: Java, Singapore and India: genera as twelve genera of bryophytes as new Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Himalaya, Tamil Nadu distributional records to Andhra Pradesh; Sreenath et and West Bengal. al., 2020 added three species as three families of Riccardia villosa (Stephani) S.C. Srivast. & Udar, bryophytes as new distributional records to Andhra Boil. Mem. 1: 129. 1976; Devendra Singh and Pradesh and Asthana & Srivastava, 2020, added 1 Devendra Kumar Singh, 62(1): 33 – 42. 2017. species as Riccia bolivinsis Jovet-Ast, New to Asia Plants thalloid, terrestrial or racopilous, from India with distribution beyond South America thalli in overlapping patches, translucent, yellowish from Andhra Pradesh. The present report adds eleven green to pale green; thalli irregularly or pinnately liverwort species to the Bryoflora of Andhra Pradesh, branched, thalli 6 - 14 × 0.15 – 0.35 mm. thalli 8 – India. 10-celled, thalli branches 5 – 7-celled thick in cross section and presence of pigmented cells in 1 – 2 Acknowledgment layers of thallus. Dorsal epidermal cells thin-walled, We are sincerely thanking to Andhra 45 – 60 × 25 -30 µm, polygonal; middle cells 25 – 30 Pradesh forest department according permission for × 20 – 25 µm, marginal cells 15 – 45 × 10 – 30 µm; field works in different forests in Andhra Pradesh oil bodies 2 – 3 or rarely 4 per cell, 10 – 15 × 10 – 20 and thank to Research Scholars of Biodiversity and µm, globose to ovoid, granular, Stoloniferous conservation division laboratory, department of branches often present. Ventral scales absent. Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University: Dr. M. Anil Gemmae endogenous, 2-celled, abundant. Kumar, Mr. Anjaneyulu and Mr. S. M. Nagesh and Dioecious. Sporangium not seen. also thank to home University, Department and Habitat and ecology: Found as racopilous or Laboratory for providing research facilities. corticolous on moist substratum, near waterfalls, associated with Fissidens elongatus (Fissidentaceae) REFERENCES: and other pleurocarpous mosses of Hypnaceae Asthana AK and P Srivastava, 2020. Riccia members. bolivinsis Jovet-Ast, New to Asia from India with Specimens examined: CTR district, Moolakona distribution beyond South America, The National waterfalls, 12 November 2017, 53752B, SKU, AS. Academy of Science Letters. Distribution: World: Bhutan and India: Arunachal Bapna KR and P Kachroo, 2000. Hepaticology in Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim and West Bengal. India, Himanshu Publications, Udaipur, New Delhi. 2: 413-415. DISCUSSION Bridson D and L Forman, 1989. The herbarium Past literature on Bryoflora of Andhra Handbook, Royal Botanic Garden, Great Britain by Pradesh have reported 139 taxa (Four varieties), 136 Whitsable Litho Printers Ltd. (1991- 1992) 2nd ed. species belong to 84 genera and 38 families. In which 235-236pp. 139 taxa, Rao et al., 1999 to Sandhya Rani et al., Dandotiya DH, Govindapyari S Suman and PL. 2014 reported 95 taxa and 94 species; Manjula and Uniyal, 2011. Check list of the Bryophytes of India, Manju 2016, added four species of Fissidens to Archive for Bryology. 88:1-126. Bryoflora of Andhra Pradesh; Pande et al., 2019, http://framhia.de/downlods/archive_of_bryology/Ar added two species of pleurocarpous mosses to chive%2088. Bryoflora of South India from Andhra Pradesh; Daniels, AED, 2003. Studies on Bryoflora of Sreenath and Ravi Prasad Rao 2019-A, added four Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. PhD species Fissidens to Bryoflora of Eastern Ghats from thesis. Department of Botany, Manomaniam Andhra Pradesh; Sreenath and Ravi Prasad Rao Sundaradar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 2019-B, added one species of Riccia to Bryoflora of India. South India from Andhra Pradesh; Sreenath and Ravi Forest survey of India, 2019. Ministry of Prasad Rao 2020-A, added two acrocarpous mosses environment and climate change, Kaulagarh Road, to Bryoflora of Main Land India from Andhra P.O. IPE, Dehradun, ed 16, Vol. 1: 24 pp. Manjula Pradesh; Sreenath and Ravi Prasad Rao 2020-B, KM and CN Manju, 2016. Genus Fissidens Hedw. added a new generic record to peninsular India from (Fissidentaceae; Bryophyta) from Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh; Sreenath and Ravi Prasad Rao Andhra Pradesh, India. Cryptogam Biodiversity and 2020-C, added 14 taxa 13 species belongs to 12 Assessment 1(2): 1-15. https://biosciencediscovery.com 119 ISSN: 2231-024X (Online)

Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao Pande N, P Srivastava and AK Astana, 2019. Dicranales, Bryopsida) as new records to Eastern Addition of two pleurocarpous mosses to the Ghats of India, Indian Journal of Forestry, 42(3): Bryoflora South India, Indian Journal of Forestry, 203-207. 42 (1):99-103. Sreenath A and B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2019. Riccia PullaiahT, AS Vijay kumar, S Sandhya Rani and cavernosa Hoffm. (Ricciaceae, Marchantiales, M Sowghandhika, 2012. Bryophyte Diversity in Hepaticopsida) an addition to Bryoflora of South Guntur district, Andhara Pradesh. Journal of the India, Plant Science Research, 41 (1&2): 55-57. Indian Botanical Society, 91(1-3):264-271. Sreenath A and B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2020. Two Rao RS, S Sudhakar and P Venkanna, 1999. Flora acrocarpous mosses (Calynperes tahitense and of East Godavari district. The Indian National Trust Fissidens robinsonii), addition to main land India, for Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH), Andhra Bioscience Discovery, 11(1): 7-10. Pradesh State Chapter, Hyderabad, xi+947. 803- Sreenath A and B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2020. 808pp. Pseudephemerum (Limb.) I. Hagen (Dicranaceae, Sandhya Rani S, T Pullaiah, D Ramanjaneyulu Dicranales, Bryopsida) A new generic record to and M Sowghandika, 2011. Bryophyte Diversity in Peninsular India. Annals of Plant Sciences, 9(3): Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, Journal of 3761-3766. Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 36 (3): 674-679. Sreenath A and B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2020. Twelve Sandhya Rani S, M Sowghandhika, B Suseela, KS Bryophyte genera, new distributional records to Nagesh and T Pullaiah, 2011. Additions to the Andhra Pradesh, India, Journal of Plant Bryoflora of Southern Peninsular India. Journal of Development Sciences, 12(3): 123-133. the Indian Botanical Society, 90 (1&2):75-79. Sreenath A and B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2020. Twelve Sandya Rani, SM Sowghandhika, TV Kiran taxa of Fissidens Hedw. (Fissidentaceae, Dicranales, Kumar and T Pullaiah, 2012. Bryophyte Diversity Bryopsida) new distributional records to Andhra in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Pradesh. Bioscience Discovery, 11(2): 67-75. Plant Science Research, 28 (1):101-109. Sreenath A, M Anil Kumar, P Anjaneyulu & B Sandya Rani, SM Sowghandhika, KS Nagesh, B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2020. Three moss families Suseela and T Pullaiah, 2014. Bryophytes of (Bryopsida: Calymperaceae, Hypopterigiaceae & Andhra Pradesh. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Pterobryaceae): new distribution records to Dehra dune, iii+279pp. Bryoflora of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Sowghandika M, 2010. Bryophytes in Threatened Taxa, 12 (4):15481-15488. Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, PhD The Plant List, 2013. (Accessed on 30th June 2020), Thesis. Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya Available at the internet: http://www.theplantlist.org. University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India. Tropicos.org, 2020. Missouri Botanical Garden. Sowghandika M, Sandhya Rani S, Susheela B and (Accessed on 30th June 2020), Available at the T Pullaiah, 2011. Musci in Visakhaptnam district of Internet: http://www.tropicos.org. Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Economic and World Flora Online, 2020, (Accessed on 4th March Taxonomic Botany, 35: 516-528. 2020), Available at the internet: Sreenath A and B Ravi Prasad Rao, 2019. Four http://www.worldfloraonline.org. species of Fissidens Hedw. (Fissidentaceae,

How to cite this article Ananthaneni Sreenath and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao, 2020. Eleven species of liverworts as new distributional records to Bryoflora Andhra Pradesh, India. Bioscience Discovery, 11(2):111-120.

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https://jbsd.in 120 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print)