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A Note on Asterella Khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan (Marchantiales, Aytoniaceae) in Thailand

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A Note on Asterella Khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan (Marchantiales, Aytoniaceae) in Thailand The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 7(2): 109-113, October 2007 ©2007 by Chulalongkorn University A Note on Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan (Marchantiales, Aytoniaceae) in Thailand THAWEESAKDI BOONKERD1*, ROSSARIN POLLAWATN1, SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT2 AND MING JOU LAI3 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, THAILAND 3Department of Landscape Architecture, Tunghai University, Taichung, TAIWAN ABSTRACT.– An addition to the Bryoflora of Thailand, Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan, is reported for the first time. This newly recorded species is described and illustrated. SEM images of spores are also presented. KEY WORDS: Asterella, thalloid liverwort, Thailand although some species have rather INTRODUCTION restricted distributions (Long, 2005, 2006). The genus was intensively studied by D.G. Asterella is a thalloid hepatic genus Long and co-workers (Long, 1998, 1999, belonging to the family Aytoniaceae in the 2005, 2006; Long, Möller and Preston, order Marchantiales (Long, 2006). The 2000). In Thailand, only one species, genus has a surprisingly wide variability in namely A. blumeana (Nees) Kachroo, has potentially important morphological been recorded previously, from Doi Chiang characters. For example, the position of Dao, Chiang Mai Province, northern archegoniophores and androecia on the Thailand (Giesy and Richards, 1959). thallus, the shape of the carpocephalum, Here, we report an additional species in the presence or absence of air chambers in Thailand, Asterella khasyana (Griff.) the stalk of the carpocephalum, spore Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan colour, spore ridging or reticulation (Long, which was found during the surveys of Möller and Preston, 2000). Spore bryophytes at Thong Pha Phum National ornamentation patterns appear to be an Park, Kanchanaburi Province, south- important character for species western Thailand. This species also determination (Long, 1998). So far about matched a specimen of chambered 48 species are found almost world-wide, liverworts collected from northern *Corresponding author: Thailand: Doi Phu Kha, Nan Province; Phu Tel: (662) 218-5502-3 Hin Rong Kla National Park, Phitsanulok Fax: (662) 218-5502 E-mail: [email protected] 110 NAT. HIST. J. CHULALONGKORN UNIV. 7(2), OCTOBER 2007 FIGURE 1. Morphological features of Astrella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan. A. A fertile thallus showing androecium and archegoniophore. B. Transverse sections of thallus. C. Air pore from dorsal epidermis of thallus. D. Dorsal view of carpocephalum. E. Ventral view of carpocephalum. F. Elater. Abbreviations: an, androecium. All line drawings were drawn from S. Chantanaorrapint 946. Province; Doi Inthanon National Park and Bhutan, south China, Indo-China, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Indonesia, Philippines, and Africa (Long Province. Asterella khasyana was and Grolle, 1990; Piippo, 1990; Kaul, Jain previously recorded from Nepal, India, and Pareek, 1995; Wigginton, 2002). BOONKERD ET AL.– A NOTE ON ASTERELLA KHASYANA IN THAILAND 111 MATERIALS AND METHODS description below is based on the Thai materials. Plant materials and specimen determination This study is based on specimens Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, collected from Thong Pha Phum National K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan, J. Hattori Park, Kanchanaburi Province, south- Bot. Lab. 11: 7. 1954; D.G. Long, western Thailand and Doi Phu Kha Bryophyt. Biblioth. 63: 167. 2006.⎯ National Park, Nan Province, northern Octokepos khasianus Griff., Not. Pl. Thailand. Determinations were made with Asiat.: 343. 1849. (Fig. 1, 2) the help of a key to the species of Asterella Thallus bright or yellowish green, in Long (2006). medium-sized, ca. 2 mm in diameter; dorsal surface of thallus reticulate and with Light microscopy and Scanning electron simple pores; epidermal cells without microscopy of spores trigones; under surface with small scales; Capsules of Asterella khasyana were thallus margin delicate. Air chambers cleaned thoroughly with an ethanol series usually 1 layer, without photosynthesis to critical-point dry. The spores were filaments. Monoicous. Androecia on main mounted on aluminium stubs using double- thallus just behind base of carpocephalum sided sticky tape and coated with platinum- stalk. Carpocephalum flattened, 3-4 mm in palladium before viewing under a scanning diameter, strongly papillose above, slightly electron microscope (SEM). Micrographs lobed at margin, with a small group of of both the proximal and distal spore archegonia underneath, surrounded by a surfaces were recorded and later analysed. cup-shaped involucre. Sporophyte with a Spore preparations were also viewed under very short seta; capsule ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm a light microscope to record colour long; pseudoperianth lanceolate. Spore information and measure spore diameters. yellowish-brown, 75-90 µm in diameter; dorsal face regularly areolate, muri pitted; proximal face differs from distal side, RESULTS irregularly reticulate, triradiate mark strongly distinct. Elater dark-brown, The morphological characters of the bispiral thickening, 200-230 µm in length. collected specimens (S. Chantanaorrapint 932 Thailand- NORTHERN: Chiang Mai and S. Chantanaorrapint 946) matched well [Doi Suthep-Pui, R. Pollawatn 293 (BCU); with the key and description of Asterella Doi Inthanon National Park, Frahm khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. & 2006404, Frahm 2006405 (BONN)], Sultan Khan in Long (2006) and was Phitsanulok [Phu Hin Rong Kla National confirmed by the author (D.G. Long, Park, R. Pollawatn 254 (BCU)], Nan [Doi personal communication). Phu Kha National Park, S. Chantanaorrapint Accordingly, Asterella khasyana is 932 (PSU)]; SOUTHWESTERN: Kancha- newly recorded for Thailand. The naburi [Thong Pha Phum National Park, S. Chantanaorrapint 946 (PSU)]. 112 NAT. HIST. J. CHULALONGKORN UNIV. 7(2), OCTOBER 2007 FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of spores in Asterella khasyana (Griff.) Pandé, K.P. Srivast. and Sultan Khan. A. Distal view. B. Proximal view. C. Side view. D. Distal surface, showing bireticulate wall structure. Distribution- Nepal, India, Bhutan, with androecia on the main thalli, just China, Indo-China, Indonesia, Philippines behind base of archegoniophore; female and Africa. receptacle is flat; spores complicate and Habitat- On moist sandy soil slopes or areolate, yellow. In contrast the latter on rocks, in exposed areas of the lower species usually has quite leathery thalli, montane forests, altitudes 670-1,635 m. with long branches; dioicous with androecia and receptacles on separate plants; receptacles hemispheric; spores are DISCUSSION ridged to almost smooth, and brown. In all, the diagnostic characters of Asterella khasyana has affinity to A. Asterella khasyana are: 1) Thallus is very wallichiana (Lehm. and Lindenb.) Grolle thin and delicate, with short branches; 2) in size and shape of thallus (Long, 2006). par-autoicous with androecia on main However, the former differs from the latter thallus just behind base of archegoniophore; species in having a very thin and delicate 3) female receptacle is flat; 4) spores with thallus, with short branches; par-autoicous BOONKERD ET AL.– A NOTE ON ASTERELLA KHASYANA IN THAILAND 113 complicate areoles, yellow. Long (1998) LITERATURE CITED divides spore sculpturing in Asterella into 8 types, i.e. spores may be ridged (Type I, Giesy, R.M. and Richards, P.W. 1959. A collection of II, III); irregularly and incompletely bryophytes from Thailand (Siam). Transactions of the British Bryological Society, 3: 575-581. areolate (Type IV, VIII); regularly and Kaul, A., Jain, D. and Pareek, A. 1995. Asterella completely areolate (Type V, VI, VII). khasiana Griff. A New Record for Pachmarhi. Asterella khasyana clearly fits spore Type In: Kumar, S.S. (Ed.). Recent Studies on Indian VII. Bryophytes, Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India. pp. 249-252. The occurrences of Asterella khasyana Long, D.G. 1998. Spore colour and ornamentation in at Thong Pha Phum National Park, the taxonomy of Asterella (Marchantiales, Kanchanaburi Province, south-western Aytoniaceae). In: Bates, J.W., Ashton, N.W. and Thailand and the other provinces of Duckett, J.D. (Eds). Bryology for the Twenty-first northern Thailand are in agreement with Century. Maney, Leeds. pp. 99-112. Long, D.G. 1999. Studies on the Genus Asterella. the present distribution of this species in IV. Asterella grollei sp. nov., a New Species peninsular India (Kaul, Jain and Pareek, from Eastern Asia Related to the American A. 1995), Indonesia and south China (Piippo, palmeri. The Bryologist, 102: 169-178. 1990), respectively, and suggest further Long, D.G. 2005. Studies on the genus Asterella (Aytoniaceae) VI: infrageneric classification in studies in other S.E. Asian countries are Asterella. The Journal of the Hattori Botanical warranted to ascertain the true distribution Laboratory, 97: 249-261. pattern. Long, D.G. 2006. Revision of the Genus Asterella P. Beauv. in Eurasia. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, 63: 1-299. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Long, D.G. and Grolle, R. 1990. Hepaticae of Bhutan II. The Journal of the Hattori Botanical The authors would like to thank Dr. David Laboratory, 68: 381-440. Long, D.G., Möller, M. and Preston, J. 2000. G. Long, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Phylogenetic Relationships of Asterella for confirming the
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