1 Reflections on the Death of Yasser Arafat November 11, 2004 Ron
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U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Jim Zanotti Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs August 12, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22967 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Summary Since the signing of the Oslo Accord in 1993 and the establishment of limited Palestinian self- rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1994, the U.S. government has committed over $3.5 billion in bilateral assistance to the Palestinians. Since the death of Yasser Arafat in November 2004, U.S. assistance to the Palestinians has been averaging about $400 million a year. During the 1990s, U.S. foreign aid to the Palestinians averaged approximately $75 million per year. Despite more robust levels of assistance this decade, Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Hamas’s heightened role in Palestinian politics have made it more difficult to implement effective and lasting aid projects that serve U.S. interests. U.S. aid to the Palestinians has fluctuated considerably over the past five years, largely due to Hamas’s changing role within the Palestinian Authority (PA). After Hamas led the PA government for over a year, its forcible takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007 led to the creation of a non- Hamas government in the West Bank—resulting in different models of governance for the two Palestinian territories. Since then, the United States has dramatically boosted aid levels to bolster the PA in the West Bank and President Mahmoud Abbas vis-à-vis Hamas. The United States has appropriated or reprogrammed nearly $2 billion since 2007 in support of PA Prime Minister Salam Fayyad’s security, governance, development, and reform programs, including $650 million for direct budgetary assistance to the PA and nearly $400 million (toward training, non-lethal equipment, facilities, strategic planning, and administration) for strengthening and reforming PA security forces and criminal justice systems in the West Bank. -
Moving the American Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem: Challenges and Opportunities
MOVING THE AMERICAN EMBASSY IN ISRAEL TO JERUSALEM: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 8, 2017 Serial No. 115–44 Printed for the use of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov http://oversight.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–071 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:17 Jan 19, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 H:\28071.TXT APRIL KING-6430 with DISTILLER COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM Trey Gowdy, South Carolina, Chairman John J. Duncan, Jr., Tennessee Elijah E. Cummings, Maryland, Ranking Darrell E. Issa, California Minority Member Jim Jordan, Ohio Carolyn B. Maloney, New York Mark Sanford, South Carolina Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of Columbia Justin Amash, Michigan Wm. Lacy Clay, Missouri Paul A. Gosar, Arizona Stephen F. Lynch, Massachusetts Scott DesJarlais, Tennessee Jim Cooper, Tennessee Trey Gowdy, South Carolina Gerald E. Connolly, Virginia Blake Farenthold, Texas Robin L. Kelly, Illinois Virginia Foxx, North Carolina Brenda L. Lawrence, Michigan Thomas Massie, Kentucky Bonnie Watson Coleman, New Jersey Mark Meadows, North Carolina Stacey E. Plaskett, Virgin Islands Ron DeSantis, Florida Val Butler Demings, Florida Dennis A. Ross, Florida Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois Mark Walker, North Carolina Jamie Raskin, Maryland Rod Blum, Iowa Peter Welch, Vermont Jody B. -
West Bank and Gaza 2020 Human Rights Report
WEST BANK AND GAZA 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Palestinian Authority basic law provides for an elected president and legislative council. There have been no national elections in the West Bank and Gaza since 2006. President Mahmoud Abbas has remained in office despite the expiration of his four-year term in 2009. The Palestinian Legislative Council has not functioned since 2007, and in 2018 the Palestinian Authority dissolved the Constitutional Court. In September 2019 and again in September, President Abbas called for the Palestinian Authority to organize elections for the Palestinian Legislative Council within six months, but elections had not taken place as of the end of the year. The Palestinian Authority head of government is Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh. President Abbas is also chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization and general commander of the Fatah movement. Six Palestinian Authority security forces agencies operate in parts of the West Bank. Several are under Palestinian Authority Ministry of Interior operational control and follow the prime minister’s guidance. The Palestinian Civil Police have primary responsibility for civil and community policing. The National Security Force conducts gendarmerie-style security operations in circumstances that exceed the capabilities of the civil police. The Military Intelligence Agency handles intelligence and criminal matters involving Palestinian Authority security forces personnel, including accusations of abuse and corruption. The General Intelligence Service is responsible for external intelligence gathering and operations. The Preventive Security Organization is responsible for internal intelligence gathering and investigations related to internal security cases, including political dissent. The Presidential Guard protects facilities and provides dignitary protection. -
Palestinian Forces
Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -3270 • Fax : 1 (202) 457 -8746 Email: [email protected] Palestinian Forces Palestinian Authority and Militant Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies [email protected] Rough Working Draft: Revised February 9, 2006 Copyright, Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. May not be reproduced, referenced, quote d, or excerpted without the written permission of the author. Cordesman: Palestinian Forces 2/9/06 Page 2 ROUGH WORKING DRAFT: REVISED FEBRUARY 9, 2006 ................................ ................................ ............ 1 THE MILITARY FORCES OF PALESTINE ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2 THE OSLO ACCORDS AND THE NEW ISRAELI -PALESTINIAN WAR ................................ ................................ .............. 3 THE DEATH OF ARAFAT AND THE VICTORY OF HAMAS : REDEFINING PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND THE ARAB - ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY FORC ES ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Palestinian Authority Forces During the Peace Process ................................ ................................ ..................... 6 The -
Using a Civil Suit to Punish/Deter Sponsors of Terrorism: Connecting Arafat & the PLO to the Terror Attacks in the Second In
Digital Commons at St. Mary's University Faculty Articles School of Law Faculty Scholarship 2014 Using a Civil Suit to Punish/Deter Sponsors of Terrorism: Connecting Arafat & the PLO to the Terror Attacks in the Second Intifada Jeffrey F. Addicott St. Mary's University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.stmarytx.edu/facarticles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jeffrey F. Addicott, Using a Civil Suit to Punish/Deter Sponsors of Terrorism: Connecting Arafat & the PLO to the Terror Attacks in the Second Intifada, 4 St. John’s J. Int’l & Comp. L. 71 (2014). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons at St. Mary's University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at St. Mary's University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING A CIVIL SUIT TO PUNISH/DETER SPONSORS OF TERRORISM: CONNECTING ARAFAT & THE PLO TO THE TERROR ATTACKS IN THE SECOND INTIFADA Dr. Jeffery Addicott* INTRODUCTION “All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing.”1 -Edmund Burke As the so-called “War on Terror” 2 continues, it is imperative that civilized nations employ every possible avenue under the rule of law to punish and deter those governments and States that choose to engage in or provide support to terrorism.3 *∗Professor of Law and Director, Center for Terrorism Law, St. Mary’s University School of Law. -
Western Europe
Western Europe Great Britain National Affairs J_ HE YEAR 1986 WAS marked by sharply contrasting trends in political and economic affairs. Notable improvement took place in labor-industrial relations, with the total of working days lost through strikes the lowest in over 20 years. By contrast, the total of 3.2 million unemployed—about 11 percent of the working population—represented only a slight decline over the previous year. Politically, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government made a remarkable late-year recovery, following some early disasters. The year began with two cabinet resignations, first that of Defense Secretary Michael Heseltine, soon after that of Secretary of Trade and Industry Leon Brittan. The two ministers had clashed over conflicting plans for saving the ailing Westland helicopter company. Following this controversy, the government retreated, in the face of opposition on patriotic grounds, on plans to sell Leyland Trucks to the General Motors Corpora- tion and Leyland Cars to the Ford Motor Company. Another threat to the govern- ment was the drop in the price of North Sea oil from $20 a barrel in January to $10 in the summer, although it recovered to $15 by the end of the year. Early in the year, public-opinion polls showed the Conservatives having 33 per- cent support, compared to Labor's 38 percent, and the Social Democratic/Liberal Alliance's 28 percent. By the end of the year the respective percentages were 41, 39, and 18. Although several Tory victories in local elections in September and October appeared to signal an upward trend, the recovery was perhaps due less to the Conservative party's achievements than to opposition to the defense policies of Labor and the Social Democratic/Liberal Alliance. -
THE PLO and the PALESTINIAN ARMED STRUGGLE by Professor Yezid Sayigh, Department of War Studies, King's College London
THE PLO AND THE PALESTINIAN ARMED STRUGGLE by Professor Yezid Sayigh, Department of War Studies, King's College London The emergence of a durable Palestinian nationalism was one of the more remarkable developments in the history of the modern Middle East in the second half of the 20th century. This was largely due to a generation of young activists who proved particularly adept at capturing the public imagination, and at seizing opportunities to develop autonomous political institutions and to promote their cause regionally and internationally. Their principal vehicle was the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), while armed struggle, both as practice and as doctrine, was their primary means of mobilizing their constituency and asserting a distinct national identity. By the end of the 1970s a majority of countries – starting with Arab countries, then extending through the Third World and the Soviet bloc and other socialist countries, and ending with a growing number of West European countries – had recognized the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The United Nations General Assembly meanwhile confirmed the right of the stateless Palestinians to national self- determination, a position adopted subsequently by the European Union and eventually echoed, in the form of support for Palestinian statehood, by the United States and Israel from 2001 onwards. None of this was a foregone conclusion, however. Britain had promised to establish a Jewish ‘national home’ in Palestine when it seized the country from the Ottoman Empire in 1917, without making a similar commitment to the indigenous Palestinian Arab inhabitants. In 1929 it offered them the opportunity to establish a self-governing agency and to participate in an elected assembly, but their community leaders refused the offer because it was conditional on accepting continued British rule and the establishment of the Jewish ‘national home’ in what they considered their own homeland. -
Congressional Record—Senate S12138
S12138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 29, 2003 slaughter of non-ambulatory livestock, 1622, a bill to amend title 10, United Incredibly, while asking the Congress and for other purposes. States Code, to exempt certain mem- for an additional $87 billion for the war S. 1531 bers of the Armed Forces from the re- in Iraq, the Department of Defense At the request of Mr. HATCH, the quirement to pay subsistence charges wants to drop soldiers on leave off at names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. while hospitalized. the Baltimore Airport and then make ROBERTS), the Senator from Hawaii S. 1630 them pay for their transportation (Mr. INOUYE) and the Senator from Ar- At the request of Mrs. DOLE, the home and back. Those service men and kansas (Mr. PRYOR) were added as co- name of the Senator from Minnesota women are serving with great courage sponsors of S. 1531, a bill to require the (Mr. COLEMAN) was added as a cospon- in 115-degree temperatures and other Secretary of the Treasury to mint sor of S. 1630, a bill to facilitate nation- truly awful conditions. They are being coins in commemoration of Chief Jus- wide availability of 2–1–1 telephone given 2 weeks leave—many of them— tice John Marshall. service for information and referral because they are in the Reserves or Na- tional Guard and they have just had S. 1545 services, and for other purposes. their 5- or 6-month tour extended by At the request of Mr. HATCH, the S. 1637 another 6 months. This will be the only names of the Senator from Iowa (Mr. -
Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict
Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict September 2000 - September 2007 L_C089061 Table of Contents: Foreword...........................................................................................................................1 Suicide Terrorists - Personal Characteristics................................................................2 Suicide Terrorists Over 7 Years of Conflict - Geographical Data...............................3 Suicide Attacks since the Beginning of the Conflict.....................................................5 L_C089062 Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict Foreword Since September 2000, the State of Israel has been in a violent and ongoing conflict with the Palestinians, in which the Palestinian side, including its various organizations, has carried out attacks against Israeli citizens and residents. During this period, over 27,000 attacks against Israeli citizens and residents have been recorded, and over 1000 Israeli citizens and residents have lost their lives in these attacks. Out of these, 155 (May 2007) attacks were suicide bombings, carried out against Israeli targets by 178 (August 2007) suicide terrorists (male and female). (It should be noted that from 1993 up to the beginning of the conflict in September 2000, 38 suicide bombings were carried out by 43 suicide terrorists). Despite the fact that suicide bombings constitute 0.6% of all attacks carried out against Israel since the beginning of the conflict, the number of fatalities in these attacks is around half of the total number of fatalities, making suicide bombings the most deadly attacks. From the beginning of the conflict up to August 2007, there have been 549 fatalities and 3717 casualties as a result of 155 suicide bombings. Over the years, suicide bombing terrorism has become the Palestinians’ leading weapon, while initially bearing an ideological nature in claiming legitimate opposition to the occupation. -
To Be Young in Palestine Pénélope Larzillière
To Be Young in Palestine Pénélope Larzillière To cite this version: Pénélope Larzillière. To Be Young in Palestine: translation by William Snow of the book Etre jeune en Palestine (Paris, Balland, 2004, 205p.). Balland, 200p, 2004. halshs-00464037 HAL Id: halshs-00464037 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00464037 Submitted on 15 Mar 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. To Be Young in Palestine Pénélope Larzillière Translation by William Snow of the book: Larzillière, Pénélope (2004), Etre jeune en Palestine, Paris, Balland, 205p. 3 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 6 PART ONE: PALESTINIAN YOUTH ............................................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 THE NATIONAL -
Stop Coddling Soviet "Peacemakers" | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / Articles & Op-Eds Stop Coddling Soviet "Peacemakers" by John Hannah May 24, 1988 ABOUT THE AUTHORS John Hannah John Hannah is a senior fellow at The Washington Institute. Articles & Testimony s the Moscow summit approaches, and as the prospects for his Arab- Israeli peace initiative grow A increasingly dim, the time has come for Secretary of State George Shultz to seize the diplomatic high road and publicly challenge the Soviet Union to put up or shut up on the question of Middle East peace. For nearly three months, Shultz has used quiet diplomacy in an attempt to persuade Moscow to sign on to his peace proposal. From the plan's inception, with its controversial provision for Soviet participation in an international conference, Shultz has sought to take Moscow's interests into account. Indeed, he has gone out of his way to consult the Soviets and engage them in a cooperative effort to get Mideast negotiations started. In reply, Moscow has consistently rebuked the secretary. While not rejecting the Shultz plan outright, the Soviets have publicly targeted it for repeated criticism, on various occasions deriding it as unbalanced, devious and even "anti-Arab." Specifically, Soviet media have dismissed Shultz's idea for an international conference that only serves as an opening to direct negotiations between Israel and a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation. Toeing the Arab line, Moscow insists on PLO participation as an independent delegation in an "authoritative" conference that is empowered to make binding decisions. Confronted with such clear Soviet opposition, Shultz has had to acknowledge that sharp differences do exist between the U.S. -
No. ICC-01/18 16 March 2020 Original: English
ICC-01/18-95 17-03-2020 1/32 NM PT Original: English No.: ICC-01/18 Date: 16 March 2020 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Péter Kovács, Presiding Judge Judge Marc Perrin de Brichambaut Judge Reine Adélaïde Sophie Alapini-Gansou SITUATION IN THE STATE OF PALESTINE Public Document Amicus Curiae in the Proceedings Relating to the Prosecution Request Pursuant to Article 19(3) for a Ruling on the Court’s Territorial Jurisdiction in Palestine Source: Professor Eyal Benvenisti Whewell Professor of International Law Jesus College, University of Cambridge No. ICC-01/18 1/25 16 March 2020 ICC-01/18-95 17-03-2020 2/32 NM PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Fatou Bensouda, Prosecutor James Stewart, Deputy Prosecutor Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for Victims The Office of Public Counsel for the Paolina Massidda Defence States’ Representatives Amicus Curiae The competent authorities of the • Professor John Quigley State of Palestine • Guernica 37 International Justice Chambers REGISTRY • The European Centre for Law and Justice • Professor Hatem Bazian • The Touro Institute on Human Rights and the Holocaust • The Czech Republic • The Israel Bar Association • Professor Richard Falk • The Organization of Islamic Cooperation • The Lawfare Project, the Institute for NGO Research, Palestinian Media Watch, and the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs • MyAQSA Foundation • The Federal Republic of Germany • Australia • UK Lawyers for Israel, B’nai B’rith UK, the International Legal Forum, No.