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Imagining the Basque State.Pdf IMAGINING THE BASQUE STATE OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES WITH RESPECT TO A BASQUE STATE IN EUSKAL HERRIA. A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDY Julen Zabalo Ane Larrinaga Iker Iraola Mikel Saratxo Mila Amurrio Txoli Mateos Arkaitz Fullaondo Uxoa Anduaga Parte Hartuz Ikerketa taldea Ipar Hegoa Fundazioa Euskal Herria, 2016 This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike except the cover photography owned by Argazki Press agency. This image’s rights are owned by this agency, and you can’t copy, redistribute or transform without consent. Autor: Ipar Hegoa Fundazioa y el grupo de investigación Parte Hartuz Cover photography: Juan Carlos Ruiz / © Argazki Press Legal deposit: BI-325-2016 ISBN: 978-84-617-5595-0 With this license You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. At a crossroads is how the current political situation in the Basque Country could, once again, be described. Our capacity to define our own path has been caught up in the muddied waters of the historical and political narrative of the Spanish and French States. Clearly, in recent years, there has been a rebirth of political debate, with former contributions being readily accepted. This current period is characterised in the main by political instability due to a variety of factors, and, for those of us who wish for social and political freedom for the Basque Country’s future, this instability is considered an opportunity. In 2012, the Ipar Hegoa Foundation promoted core research on the question of the Basque State. This research has already coloured numerous debates, but has yet to be the focus of political debate. It had, in fact, been the chyrstallisation of a previous work, which had been started 2 or 3 years before, in a more difficult political and repressive context, and finally completed and published in 2012. Euskal Estatuari Bidea Zabaltzen was the title given to a project that brought together 26 contributions from 33 experts. A large number of aspects was analysed. Most of them were related to the community’s daily living. There were, however, two objectives: to analyse the need for, and the feasibility of, a Basque State from each of these aspects. The debate on the Basque State has been going on for a long time and is quite rigorous, and the aim of this particular study was to fill an academic gap in relation to the same (the study is available at the following link:http://iparhegoa.org/index.php/eu/euskal-estatuari-bidea- zabaltzen-3/8-euskal-estatuari-bidea-zabaltzen2). Following on from the Euskal Estatuari Bidea Zabaltzen project, the Ipar Hegoa Foundation and the Parte Hartuz research group from the University of the Basque Country extended their collaboration, and their complicity gave rise to the study in hand. We decided to continue the research and take it beyond the question of the need for and feasibility of the Basque State. As can be appreciated, the result is a study of the opinion and adhesion generated by the issue of a Basque State, as well as an analysis of the different discourses. As with the previous work, this one aims at contributing to the debate. With this analysis, we seek to offer real and scientific resources for encouraging and reinforcing political and social debate. There is no doubt that a proper knowledge of the reality is essential when drawing up strategies, and it is the aim of this study to provide further assistance in this respect IPAR HEGOA FOUNDATION AND THE PARTE HARTUZ RESEARCH GROUP (UPV/EHU) 8 IMAGINING THE BASQUE STATE Índice Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 A study on the Basque State ............................................................................................................................................ 11 La producción de datos .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Analysis of the results ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 19 ON THE NATION. EUSKAL HERRIA, NAVARRE, SPAIN, FRANCE: A QUESTION OF IDENTITY AND ADMINISTRATION .................................................................................................... 21 What is Euskal Herria: the territory ............................................................................................................................. 21 On national identity .................................................................................................................................................... 24 THE POLITICAL QUESTION AND THE RIGHT TO DECIDE: Who decides? ................................................................... 27 On the right to decide ................................................................................................................................................ 27 On the referendum ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 ON A POSSIBLE BASQUE STATE: A REGION OF SPAIN/FRANCE, OR A NEW STATE? .............................................. 33 ATTITUDE TO A BASQUE STATE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CHANGING: WHY WOULD I CHANGE MY OPINION? ........................................................................................................................ 43 I am against a Basque State, but my attitude would change if... ............................................................................... 43 I am in favour of a Basque State, but my attitude would change if... ......................................................................... 47 BEYOND THE STATE: OTHER OPTIONS OR RELATIONS .............................................................................................. 50 RESULTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ....................................................................................................................... 53 OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES IN FAVOUR OF A BASQUE STATE .................................................................................. 54 Until sovereignty is reached: the characteristics of a process..................................................................................... 55 Opinions on the Basque State .................................................................................................................................... 56 In favour of the Basque State? Based on what? ......................................................................................................... 58 OPINIONS AND PERCEPTIONS AGAINST A BASQUE STATE ....................................................................................... 63 Opinions on pro-sovereignty processes in the world ............................................................................................... 63 On the right to decide ................................................................................................................................................ 65 On opinions about a Basque State ............................................................................................................................. 65 INTERMEDIATE GROUP: VARIABLE OPINIONS ON A BASQUE STATE ...................................................................... 71 Lack of interest and indifference with respect to the question .................................................................................. 71 Outlooks on a Basque State ....................................................................................................................................... 72 IN SUMMARY: CITIZENS’ OPINIONS ON THE BASQUE STATE .................................................................................... 74 THE OPINIONS OF BUSINESS PEOPLE FAVOURABLE TO THE IDEA OF A BASQUE STATE .................................................................................................... 77 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................... 78 KNOWLEDGE OF AND OPINION ON THE PRO-SOVEREIGNTY/PRO-INDEPENDENCE PROCESSES IN SCOTLAND AND CATALONIA. ARE THEY COMPARABLE TO THE BASQUE CASE? ................................................................................ 79 Main obstacles for a process of these characteristics to be carried out in Euskal Herria ........................................... 79 ON THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE BASQUE STATE ............................................................................................
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