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Re-Vegetation and Rehabilitation Plan
APPENDIX A RE-VEGETATION AND REHABILITATION PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF AN ADDITIONAL BIDVEST TANK TERMINAL (BTT) RAIL LINE AT SOUTH DUNES, WITHIN THE PORT OF RICHARDS BAY, KWAZULU-NATAL November 2016 Prepared for: Prepared by: Transnet National Ports Authority Acer (Africa) Environmental Consultants P O Box 181 P O Box 503 Richards Bay Mtunzini 3900 3867 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... ii 1. PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................... 1 3. LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS .............................................................................................. 1 3.1 National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998) ................................... 2 3.2 Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 ..................................................... 2 3.3 Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989 ......................................................................... 2 3.4 National Forests Act, 1998 (Act 84 of 1998) ...................................................................... 2 3.5 Natal Nature Conservation Ordinance (Ordinance 15 of 1974) ......................................... 3 4. DEVELOPMENT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae. -
Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions. -
Analysisandinterpreta Tion Of
A N A L Y S I S A N D I N T E R P R E T A T I O N OF B O T A N I C A L R E M A I N S F R O M S I B U D U C A V E , K W A Z U L U – N A T A L Christine Scott A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Archaeology School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, 2005 D E C L A R A T I O N I declare that this thesis is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the Degree of Master of Science in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. ……………………… Signature of candidate …….. day of …..…………… 2005 ii A B S T R A C T The identification and analysis of seeds (including fruits and nuts) from second millennium AD deposits at Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, constitute the first in-depth archaeobotanical study of seeds in South Africa. The study highlights problems in the reconstruction of past vegetation and climatic variables from seed data. The Sibudu seed assemblage produced no evidence to suggest vegetation change in the Sibudu area during the last 1000 years. Either it is not possible to identify short-term fluctuations in indigenous vegetation from seed data, or the evidence of vegetation change has been masked by the influence of the perennial Tongati River, depositional history, differential preservation and recovery, and identification difficulties. -
Vitaceae) in Kwazulu- Natal
UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE GENUS RHOICISSUS Planch. (VITACEAE) IN KWAZULU- NATAL Sinethemba Faith Kunene i A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE GENUS RHOICISSUS Planch. (VITACEAE) IN KWAZULU- NATAL by SINETHEMBA FAITH KUNENE Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Science In the School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban DECEMEBER 2015 ii PREFACE The experimental work described in this thesis was carried out in the School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban from January 2013 to December 2015, under the supervision of Prof Ashley Nicholas, Dr Yougasphree Naidoo and Mr. Richard Boon. The study represents original work by the author and has not been submitted in any form for any degree or diploma to any tertiary institution. Where use has been made of the work of others it is duly acknowledged in the text NOTE The proposed new names and new combinations are not to be considered scientifically available for use as they have not yet been validly or effectively published under the Melbourne Code of International Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants iii DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS We hereby declare that we acted as Supervisors for this MSc student: Students Full Name: SINETHEMBA FAITH KUNENE Student Number: 208 500 435 Thesis Title: A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE GENUS RHOICISSUS Planch. (VITACEAE) IN KWAZULU-NATAL Regular consultation took place between the student and ourselves throughout the investigation. We advised the student to the best of our ability and approved the final documentation for submission to the College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science Higher Degrees Office for examination by the University appointed Examiners. -
The Biology of Vines Edited by Francis E
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-39250-1 - The Biology of Vines Edited by Francis E. Putz and Harold A. Mooney Index More information Taxonomic Index Abrus 55, 449 Anisosperma 444 Abrus precatorius 236, 237, 289 Anodendron 432 Abuta 455 Anomospermum 57, 128 Abuta rufescens 454 Anredera 328 Abutilon theophrasti 265 Anredera cordifolia 437 Acacia 340 Anredera diffusa 437 Acacia catechu 459 Anthurium 433 Acacia pennata 55, 57 Antigonum 22 Acanthosicyos horrida 342 Antizoma capensis 340 Actinidia 61 Apodanthera 444 Actinidia arguta 105, 184, 192 Apodanthera undulata 343 Actinidia chinesis 133 Archontophoenix cunninghamiana 369 Actinidia deliciosa 143, 147, 167, 184 y4reca catechu 459 Argyreia 54, 442 Adenocalymma 56, 438 Aristolochia 20, 55, 56, 64, 109, 193, 194, 247, Adenopus 54 297-8, 405, 435 Adesmia 54 Aristolochia elegans 298 Adlumia 22 Aristolochia maxima 110 Aegiphila 398 Aristolochia taliscana 174 Afromendoncia 54, 56, 57, 58 Arrabidaea 56, 319, 437-8 Aganosma 108, 431 Arrabidaea chica 437-8 Agatea 36 Arrabidaea pubescens 438 Agelaea obliqua 441 Artabotrys 20, 22, 102, 430 Agelaea trinervis 441 Artemisia herba-alba 350 i4foWa 66, 247 Asparagus 104, 340 Allamanda 108,431 Asparagus acutifolius 348 Alyxia 431 Atraphaxis 55 Ambelania 431 Ampelocissus 465 Banisteria 56 Ampelocissus asarifolia 465 Banisteriopsis 442 Ampelocissus ochracea 465 Banisteriopsis caapi 451, 452 Ampelopsis 247, 465 Banisteriopsis cabrerana 451 Anamirta 455 Banisteriopsis martiana 451 Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum 434 Banisteriopsis muricata 452 Anechites 432 Banisteriopsis quitensis 451 Anemopaegma 56, 438 Banisteriopsis rusbyana 451 503 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-39250-1 - The Biology of Vines Edited by Francis E. -
Phytochemical Study of Rhoicissus Tomentosa
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UWC Theses and Dissertations Phytochemical study of Rhoicissus tomentosa Nandipha Lucia Nqolo Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in the Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape Supervisor: Prof I R Green May 2008 Co-supervisor: Dr W T Mabusela Abstract For centuries, indigenous people in South Africa have used a variety of medicinal plants to treat chronic infections. This investigation focused on Rhoicissus tomentosa, belonging to the family, Vitaceae in an attempt to assess the phytochemistry of this plant which is widely used by traditional healers in South Africa to ensure the safe delivery during pregnancy and childbirth (Hutchings et al., 1996). Phytochemical screening was undertaken to test for the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, phytosterols, aromatic acids, essential oils, terpenoides, saponins and resveratrol which was used as reference standard. Positive results were found for coumarins, flavonoids, phytosterols, essential oils, saponins, terpenoids, resveratrol and negative results were found for hydrolyzed tannins, condensed tannins, aromatic acids and alkaloids. In addition, compounds identified from R.tomentosa by GC-MS analyses showed at least 30 active compounds tabulated in Tables 3 and 4. These compounds belonged to the chemical classes viz., coumarins, flavonoids, phytosterols, essential oils, saponins, and terpenoids including Resveratrol. Scientific information now documented can be used to enhance the overall knowledge of the biological activity and health benefits of Rhoicissus tomentosa. i Declaration I declare that Phytochemical studies of Rhoicissus tomentosa is my own work and it has not been published for any degr ee or examination at any other university. -
Albany Thicket Biome
% S % 19 (2006) Albany Thicket Biome 10 David B. Hoare, Ladislav Mucina, Michael C. Rutherford, Jan H.J. Vlok, Doug I.W. Euston-Brown, Anthony R. Palmer, Leslie W. Powrie, Richard G. Lechmere-Oertel, Şerban M. Procheş, Anthony P. Dold and Robert A. Ward Table of Contents 1 Introduction: Delimitation and Global Perspective 542 2 Major Vegetation Patterns 544 3 Ecology: Climate, Geology, Soils and Natural Processes 544 3.1 Climate 544 3.2 Geology and Soils 545 3.3 Natural Processes 546 4 Origins and Biogeography 547 4.1 Origins of the Albany Thicket Biome 547 4.2 Biogeography 548 5 Land Use History 548 6 Current Status, Threats and Actions 549 7 Further Research 550 8 Descriptions of Vegetation Units 550 9 Credits 565 10 References 565 List of Vegetation Units AT 1 Southern Cape Valley Thicket 550 AT 2 Gamka Thicket 551 AT 3 Groot Thicket 552 AT 4 Gamtoos Thicket 553 AT 5 Sundays Noorsveld 555 AT 6 Sundays Thicket 556 AT 7 Coega Bontveld 557 AT 8 Kowie Thicket 558 AT 9 Albany Coastal Belt 559 AT 10 Great Fish Noorsveld 560 AT 11 Great Fish Thicket 561 AT 12 Buffels Thicket 562 AT 13 Eastern Cape Escarpment Thicket 563 AT 14 Camdebo Escarpment Thicket 563 Figure 10.1 AT 8 Kowie Thicket: Kowie River meandering in the Waters Meeting Nature Reserve near Bathurst (Eastern Cape), surrounded by dense thickets dominated by succulent Euphorbia trees (on steep slopes and subkrantz positions) and by dry-forest habitats housing patches of FOz 6 Southern Coastal Forest lower down close to the river. -
Phylogeny of the Ampelocissus–Vitis Clade in Vitaceae Supports the New World Origin of the Grape Genus
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny of the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade in Vitaceae supports the New World origin of the grape genus q ⇑ Xiu-Qun Liu a, Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond b, Ze-Long Nie c, Zhuo Zhou d, Long-Qing Chen a, Jun Wen e, a Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China b UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960, USA c Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China d Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China e Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA article info abstract Article history: The grapes and the close allies in Vitaceae are of great agronomic and economic importance. Our previous Received 10 November 2014 studies showed that the grape genus Vitis was closely related to three tropical genera, which formed the Revised 31 July 2015 Ampelocissus–Vitis clade (including Vitis, Ampelocissus, Nothocissus and Pterisanthes). Yet the phylogenetic Accepted 13 October 2015 relationships of the four genera within this clade remain poorly resolved. Furthermore, the geographic Available online xxxx origin of Vitis is still controversial, because the sampling of the close relatives of Vitis was too limited in the previous studies. -
A New Leafminer on Grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 507: 41–97A new(2015) leafminer on grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South Africa... 41 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.507.9536 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new leafminer on grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South Africa within an expanded generic concept of Holocacista (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae) Erik J. van Nieukerken1, Henk Geertsema2 1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 2 Research Associate, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa Corresponding author: Erik J. van Nieukerken ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Lafontaine | Received 5 March 2015 | Accepted 28 May 2015 | Published 8 June 2015 http://zoobank.org/5B98461C-ADA2-48A6-8FDD-D4551C6C7903 Citation: van Nieukerken EJ, Geertsema H (2015) A new leafminer on grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South Africa within an expanded generic concept of Holocacista (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae). ZooKeys 507: 41–97. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.507.9536 Abstract A grapevine leafminer found recently in table grape orchards and vineyards in the Paarl region (Western Cape, South Africa) is described as Holocacista capensis sp. n. It has also been found on native Rhoicissus digitata and bred on that species in the laboratory. It is closely related to Holocacista salutans (Meyrick, 1921), comb. n. (from Antispila), described from Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, but widespread in southern Africa and a native leafminer of various Vitaceae: Rhoicissus tomentosa, R. digitata, R. tridentata and Cis- sus cornifolia. Holocacista capensis has been found on Vitis vinifera both in Gauteng and Western Cape, the earliest record being from 1950 in Pretoria. -
Dataset S1. List of Taxa Included in Phylogeny with Voucher Information and Genbank Accession Numbers
Dataset S1. List of taxa included in phylogeny with voucher information and GenBank accession numbers. Numbers in bold are newly generated sequences in this study. Taxon Author Order Family APG Genbank rbcLa Genbank matK Abutilon angulatum (Guill. & Perr.) Mast. Malvales Malvaceae JX572177 JX517944 Abutilon sonneratianum (Cav.) Sweet Malvales Malvaceae JX572178 JX518201 Acalypha chirindica S.Moore Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae JX572236 JX518178 Acalypha glabrata f. pilosior (Kuntze) Prain & Hutch. Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae JX572238 JX518120 Acalypha glabrata Thunb. Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae JX572237 JX517655 Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. Gentianales Apocynaceae JX572239 JX517911 Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd Gentianales Apocynaceae JX572240 JX517680 Acokanthera rotundata (Codd) Kupicha Gentianales Apocynaceae JF265266 JF270623 Acridocarpus chloropterus Oliv. Malpighiales Malpighiaceae KU568077 KX146299 Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. Malpighiales Malpighiaceae JF265267 JF270624 Adansonia digitata L. Malvales Malvaceae JQ025018 JQ024933 Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy Malpighiales Passifloraceae JX572241 JX905957 Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms Malpighiales Passifloraceae JX572242 JX517347 Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy Malpighiales Passifloraceae JF265269 JX905950 Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch Gentianales Apocynaceae JX572243 JX517509 Adenium swazicum Stapf Gentianales Apocynaceae JX572244 JX517457 Adenopodia spicata (E.Mey.) C.Presl Fabales Fabaceae JX572245 JX517808 Afrocanthium lactescens (Hiern) Lantz -
Major Vegetation Types of the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve, South Africa
Original Research MAJOR VEGETATION TYPES OF THE SOUTPANSBERG CONSERVANCY AND THE BLOUBERG NATURE RESERVE, SOUTH AFRICA THEO H.C. MOSTERT GEORGE J. BREDENKAMP HANNES L. KLOPPER CORNIE VERWEy 1African Vegetation and Plant Diversity Research Centre Department of Botany University of Pretoria South Africa RACHEL E. MOSTERT Directorate Nature Conservation Gauteng Department of Agriculture Conservation and Environment South Africa NORBERT HAHN1 Correspondence to: Theo Mostert e-mail: [email protected] Postal Address: African Vegetation and Plant Diversity Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 ABSTRACT The Major Megetation Types (MVT) and plant communities of the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism are described in detail, with special reference to the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve. Phytosociological data from 442 sample plots were ordinated using a DEtrended CORrespondence ANAlysis (DECORANA) and classified using TWo-Way INdicator SPecies ANalysis (TWINSPAN). The resulting classification was further refined with table-sorting procedures based on the Braun–Blanquet floristic–sociological approach of vegetation classification using MEGATAB. Eight MVT’s were identified and described asEragrostis lehmanniana var. lehmanniana–Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra Blouberg Northern Plains Bushveld, Euclea divinorum–Acacia tortilis Blouberg Southern Plains Bushveld, Englerophytum magalismontanum–Combretum molle Blouberg Mountain Bushveld, Adansonia digitata–Acacia nigrescens Soutpansberg