DOCSLIB.ORG

I INDIGENOUS PLANTS in the LIMPOPO PROVINCE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I INDIGENOUS PLANTS in the LIMPOPO PROVINCE INDIGENOUS PLANTS IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE: POTENTIAL FOR THEIR COMMERCIAL BEVERAGE PRODUCTION by ISAAC TEBOGO RAMPEDI submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF JANA OLIVIER DECEMBER 2010 i STUDENT NUMBER: 0734-731-6 DECLARATION I declare that INDIGENOUS PLANTS IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE: POTENTIAL FOR THEIR COMMERCIAL BEVERAGE PRODUCTION is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. ________________________ _____________________ SIGNATURE DATE (MR I T RAMPEDI) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Professor Jana Olivier, my research supervisor, for her excellent guidance, commentary and constructive engagement during the course of the study. The National Research Foundation (NRF) as well as the University of South Africa (UNISA), through the Thuthuka Research Funding Programme, are acknowledged for financial support (GUN 207 3321). I am also indebted to the following people and their organisations for the positive role they played during the course of the research project: • All the local traditional chieftaincies in the Limpopo province who provided permission to conduct research in areas falling within their jurisdiction are acknowledged. • All the individuals who assisted with data collection for surveys in the various rural communities of Venda, former Gazankulu (Mopani) region as well as Sekhukhuneland are deeply thanked. • Dr Aubrey Parsons is thanked for sharing some of his expertise and assistance with sensory analyses on some of the selected beverages. • Rosemary Du Preez, Agronomist and researcher at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Institute of Subtropical and Tropical Crops (ISTC) in Nelspruit, is acknowledged for collaboration and allowing me to read some of her work related to my study as well as constructive feedback. • Karen De Jager, Researcher at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), is thanked for collaboration and assistance with respect to the formulation of some of the concept products (liqueurs) piloted for the research project. • Daisy Madisha, Researcher and biotechnologist at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and ITSC, is acknowledged for providing some of the snowball leads in the Venda study area in the Limpopo province. • Prof Dr James Simon, Director of the New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products (NUANPP) programme at Rutgers University, New Brunswick is acknowledged for specialist training and interesting exposure gained on phytochemistry and the commercialisation of natural plant-based products during a study visit in the USA in 2008. • Dana Robberste in the School of Environmental Sciences at UNISA Florida Campus is thanked for administrative support regarding the Thuthuka Research Grant (GUN 207 3321). • I wish to convey my sincere thanks to all members of the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES) as well as the Centre for African Renaissance at UNISA who were willing to participate in the study by playing a role in the sensory characterisation and evaluation of selected beverages. • Makro Centurion Store (Liquor Section) and their Head Office are acknowledged for granting permission to undertake market surveys and sensory analyses amongst some of their customers. • All participating respondents in the various rural communities surveyed for the research in the Limpopo province and for assistance in the collection of voucher specimens and the preparation of (samples) traditional beverages for nutrient characterisation and evaluation as well as sensory analyses, are deeply thanked. • I am grateful for the support of my wife, Tshepo and my daughters, Tsholofelo and Boikanyo. • I wish to acknowledge the positive and moulding role played by my parents (Klaas Mashalane Rampedi and Mandy Mmapula Rampedi) in my early educational phase in Naledi Township, Soweto and the values of hardwork, faith and perseverance that they have inculcated. iii ABSTRACT South Africa has over 19 500 different indigenous plant species. Most of these are of ethnobotanical significance and are still used by local rural communities as medicine, food and for making beverages. The relatively little research that has been conducted on indigenous plant species has focused mainly on their medicinal potential. However, in view of the rapidly growing size of the global and local beverage industry and their constant search for new products, beverage-making indigenous plant species may have commercial development potential. To date, no detailed studies have been conducted on these plants, especially in the species-rich Limpopo province. The aim of this study was, therefore to evaluate the potential of indigenous plants for commercial beverage production. In order to achieve this, a survey was conducted in the Limpopo province to identify beverage-making plants and to document beverage preparation methods. Selected beverages were analysed and evaluated for their nutrient and sensory characteristics and a market product acceptability survey was conducted to identify those beverages with the greatest potential for development. Sixty three different beverage-plant species were identified in three study areas within the Limpopo province. These were used for the preparation of teas, fruit juices and alcoholic beverages. Plants that received further research attention were selected on the basis of their status as indigenous plants, frequency of use, nature of harvesting methods and availability. Some of the selected beverages were found to be rich in nutrients, especially with respect to vitamin C and mineral content. Furthermore, sensory analyses and market surveys indicated that four species, namely, Doyvalis caffra, Garcinia livingstonei, Grewia flavescens and Englerophytum magalismontanum have potential for further development for the beverage industry while Athrixia phylicoides has commercialisation potential as a herbal tea. However, further research is required to improve and refine preparation methods and to ensure compliance with quality standards. The availability of sufficient plant material for the industry must also be ensured. This research has indicated that South African indigenous plants have untapped market potential for the beverage industry which, if developed sustainably, could contribute to economic growth of the rural parts of South Africa. KEY TERMS Beverage-making indigenous plant species, commercial development potential, snowball sampling, tests, dietary reference intakes, teas, fruit juices, beer, spirits, new products, sensory analyses, aroma, flavour, product acceptability, hedonic scale, Limpopo province. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ARC, Agricultural Research Council ASNAAP, Agribusiness in Sustainable African Natural Plant Products ACL, Amarula Cream Liqueur AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists CGI, Clanwilliam General Info CARA, Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act CWNG, Cosmetic Workshop and Natures Goodness CYP450, Cytochrome P450 DA, Department of Agriculture DEAT, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DRIs, Dietary Reference Intakes EU, European Union FAO, Food and Agricultural Organisation F/G, Fructose/Glucose IKS, Indigenous Knowledge System IPUF, Indigenous Plant Use Forum ICONS, Institute of Conservation and Natural History of the Soutpansberg ISCW, Institute of Soil, Climate and Water ISTC, Institute of Subtropical and Tropical Crops IAP, Invasive Alien Plant LSOER, Limpopo State of the Environment Report MDA, Malondialdehyde GC, Gas Chromatography v HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography ICP-OES, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry NEMBA, National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) NGOs, Non-Governmental Organisations PPECB, Perishable Products Export Control Board RAI, Recommended Adequate Intake RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance RTD, Ready-To-Drink RCKB, Research Centre Knowledge Base RE, Retinol Equivalents RTCB, Rooibos Tea Control Board TP, Total Polyphenol SABS, South African Bureau of Standards SADC, Southern African Development Co-operation SAHTA, South African Honeybush Tea Association SANBI, South African Institute of Biodiversity SAWB, South African Weather Bureau Stats SA, Statistics South Africa SOD, Super-Oxide Dismutase TNC, Total Non-Structural Carbohydrates UV, Use Value vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH BACKGROUND ON INDIGENOUS PLANT-BASED BEVERAGES 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 LITERATURE CONTEXTUALISATION OF THE STUDY AND RESEARCH MOTIVATION 2 1.3 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES 6 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH 6 1.5 ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ON BEVERAGE-MAKING INDIGENOUS PLANTS AND ASSOCIATED DRINKS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 8 2.2 INDIGENOUS TEAS 8 2.2.1 Rooibos tea, Aspalathus linearis 8 2.2.1.1 Botanical aspects 9 2.2.1.2 Production and product development trends 10 2.2.1.3 Market development aspects 16 2.2.2 Honeybush tea, Cyclopia species 17 2.2.2.1 Medicinal and current research findings 18 2.2.2.2 Development of honeybush into an agricultural crop 20 2.2.2.3 Markets for honeybush tea 21 2.2.3 Bush tea, Athrixia phylicoides 24 2.2.3.1 Botanical and ethnobotanical aspects 24 2.2.3.2 Geographical distribution and harvesting practices 24 2.2.3.3 Traditional medicinal uses and current research findings 25 2.3 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 27 2.3.1 African beers 27 2.3.1.1 Sorghum beer 27 2.3.2 Indigenous spirits and wines
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • Rabies Vaccinations May 2018
    MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY PRIVATE BAG 9867 GIYANI 0826 (015) 811 6300 ________________________________________________________________ MEDIA ADVISORY For Immediate Release TO: All Media DATE: 9 May 2018 SUBJECT: FREE RABIES VACCINATION IN TZANEEN AND THE SURROUNDING FARMS The Mopani District Municipality Disaster Management Centre would like to urge residents of the of the Tzaneen, Politsi, George’s Valley, Westfalia, Magoebaskloof, Haenertsburg, Agatha and Lushof areas to bring their dogs & cats for the annual inoculation against Rabies. Free vaccinations of dogs and cats will be offered by the office of the Tzaneen State Vet at various points from 08:30 till 17:30, from Monday 14 May 2018 to Friday 18 May 2018. All residents of the area are urged to utilise the opportunity to prevent any spread of the disease. Vaccination points: Date Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 14/05/2018 Tzaneen Tzaneen OK Mini Market Tzaneen Dam Jetty 3 State Vet Showgrounds (Sugar Loaf) Office, No 20 A Peace Street 15/05/2018 Tzaneen Mashutti Farm Basani Packers State Vet A&B 18 Office, No 20 A Peace Street 16/05/2018 Tzaneen Lushof Zabana Farm State Vet Office, No 20 A Peace Street 17/05/2018 Tzaneen George’s Valley Politsi Modjadjiskloof: State Vet (Grysappel Store/Westfalia Caravan Park, Office, No 20 Store & School) Modjadjiskloof A Peace Hospital & Makgoba Street Village 18/05/2018 Tzaneen Haenertzburg Pot ‘n Plow Wegraakbosch Farms State Vet Post Office Office, No 20 A Peace Street Rabies is a fatal viral disease which can affect all mammals, including humans. In South Africa, the disease is endemic and is primarily carried by dogs and jackals in the northern & eastern areas of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction
    1 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction People and things are given names for identification purposes. A name is a title given to a person or a thing. A name is defined by Sebashe (2003:12) as a word or words by which a person, animal, place or a thing is spoken of or referred to. In other words, a name distinguishes a particular thing from others. Names have political, social, economic and religious significance. As far as this study is concerned, the emphasis would be on the political significance of a name. The Black South Africans suffered a significant harm during the apartheid regime. The Europeans dominated in everything which resulted in Blacks losing their identity, culture, values, heritage an tradition. The European domination interfered with the naming patterns of the indigenous people of South Africa. Names of places were virtually Eurocentric. This is evident in town names, for example, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Pietersburg and Potgietersrus. Tables turned when a democratic government was elected in 1994. The affected people started to realize the negative impact of apartheid on numerous things, places names inclusive. The new government started to implement political changes. Some place names are changed to strike a balance between races, new places are named according to what the people want. Place naming starts to shift a distance away from Eurocentric to African names. Towns, streets, sporting facilities, names of settlements, businesses and 2 educational institutions are the most places affected by name changes and new naming patterns. 1.2 Background to the problem The problem of place naming in Africa in general and South Africa in particular started during the colonial period when many European countries scrambled for Africa in the 17th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Selection Preferences for Woody Plants by Breeding Herds of African Elephants (Loxodonta Africana)In a Woodland Savanna
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Ecology Volume 2013, Article ID 769587, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/769587 Research Article Seasonal Selection Preferences for Woody Plants by Breeding Herds of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana)in a Woodland Savanna J. J. Viljoen,1 H. C. Reynecke,1 M. D. Panagos,1 W. R. Langbauer Jr.,2 and A. Ganswindt3,4 1 Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 2 ButtonwoodParkZoo,NewBedford,MA02740,USA 3 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 4 Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa Correspondence should be addressed to J. J. Viljoen; [email protected] Received 19 November 2012; Revised 25 February 2013; Accepted 25 February 2013 Academic Editor: Bruce Leopold Copyright © 2013 J. J. Viljoen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To evaluate dynamics of elephant herbivory, we assessed seasonal preferences for woody plants by African elephant breeding herds in the southeastern part of Kruger National Park (KNP) between 2002 and 2005. Breeding herds had access to a variety of woody plants, and, of the 98 woody plant species that were recorded in the elephant’s feeding areas, 63 species were utilized by observed animals. Data were recorded at 948 circular feeding sites (radius 5 m) during wet and dry seasons. Seasonal preference was measured by comparing selection of woody species in proportion to their estimated availability and then ranked according to the Manly alpha () index of preference.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethnobotany of Central Sekhukhuneland, South Africa
    The Ethnobotany of Central Sekhukhuneland, South Africa by Mahlatse Maromo Paul Mogale DISSERTATION submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: PROF BEN-ERIK VAN WYK CO-SUPERVISOR: DOMITILLA CLAUDIA RAIMONDO FEBRUARY 2018 MSc Dissertation Mogale M.M.P The Ethnobotany of Central Sekhukhuneland, South Africa 0 | AFFIDAVIT: MASTER AND DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This serves to confirm that I (Full Name(s) and Surname) Mahlatse Maromo Paul Mogale ID Number: 8809056203082 Student number: 201467302 enrolled for the Qualification: Masters in Botany in the Faculty of Science Herewith declare that my academic work is in line with the Plagiarism Policy of the University of Johannesburg with which I am familiar. I further declare that the work presented in the dissertation is authentic and original unless clearly indicated otherwise and in such instances full reference to the source is acknowledged and I do not pretend to receive any credit for such acknowledged quotations, and that there is no copyright infringement in my work. I declare that no unethical research practices were used or material gained through dishonesty. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offence and that should I contravene the Plagiarism Policy notwithstanding signing this affidavit, I may be found guilty of a serious criminal offence (perjury) that would amongst other consequences compel the University of Johannesburg to inform all other tertiary institutions of the offence and to issue a corresponding certificate of reprehensible academic conduct to whomever requests such a certificate from the institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Legalization of the Non-Medical Use of Drugs Is Presented Below
    I. OVERVIEW 1. Measures taken nationally and internationally to reduce drug abuse and trafficking have yet to yield more universally visible and decisive results and, consequently, the validity and appropriateness of the drug control measures that Governments have agreed upon in international conventions and resolutions have continued to be questioned. The drug abuse and trafficking situation, which is accompanied by violence and corruption, remains grim, but the International Narcotics Control Board is not convinced that valid alternatives to present policies have been found that would meaningfully reverse the situation. Worldwide efforts to combat drug abuse and trafficking have to be continuous, balanced and in an internationally concerted manner in order for further positive results to be achieved. Drug abuse is closely linked to political, social and economic problems, and progress in these areas will undeniably contribute to the solution of the drug abuse problem. In a number of countries positive developments have been reported and these should be more carefully studied and discussed so that successful experiences in one country can be considered by others. In addition, the mass media are invited to analyse and report on such positive developments. 2. The efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) are highly appreciated by the Board. During 1992, UNDCP cooperated with 97 countries through 130 regional and country-specific drug control programmes. In addition, the operational work programme for 1992 included 30 global projects supporting a broad range of drug control activities, such as specialized training, research and advisory services. These activities have been implemented by UNDCP in collaboration with various specialized agencies of the United Nations system, other international organizations and various non-governmental organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Constituents of Combretum Loefl. (Combretaceae)
    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 38 Pharmaceutical Crops, 2013, 4, 38-59 Open Access Phytochemical Constituents of Combretum Loefl. (Combretaceae) Amadou Dawe1,*, Saotoing Pierre2, David Emery Tsala2 and Solomon Habtemariam3 1Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, P.O.Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon, 2Department of Earth and Life Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, P.O.Box 55 Ma- roua, Cameroon, 3Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Cen- tral Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK Abstract: Combretum is the largest and most widespread genus of Combretaceae. The genus comprises approximately 250 species distributed throughout the tropical regions mainly in Africa and Asia. With increasing chemical and pharma- cological investigations, Combretum has shown its potential as a source of various secondary metabolites. Combretum ex- tracts or isolates have shown in vitro bioactivitities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, cytotoxicity against various human tumor cell lines, anti-inflammatory, anti-snake, antimalarial and antioxidant effects. In vivo studies through various animal models have also shown promising results. However, chemical constituents and bioactivities of most species of this highly diversified genus have not been investigated. The molecular mechanism of bioactivities of Combretum isolates remains elusive. This review focuses on the chemistry of 261 compounds isolated and identified from 31 species of Combretum. The phytochemicals of interest are non-essential oil compounds belonging to the various struc- tural groups such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenanthrenes and stilbenoids. Keywords: Combretum, phytochemistry, pharmacology, terpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity. INTRODUCTION is sometimes persistant, and especially in climbers it forms a hooked wooded spine when the leaf abscises.
    [Show full text]
  • Renata Gabriela Vila Nova De Lima Filogenia E Distribuição
    RENATA GABRIELA VILA NOVA DE LIMA FILOGENIA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. COM ÊNFASE NA SEÇÃO VILLOCUSPIS A. DC. (SAPOTACEAE) RECIFE 2019 RENATA GABRIELA VILA NOVA DE LIMA FILOGENIA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. COM ÊNFASE NA SEÇÃO VILLOCUSPIS A. DC. (SAPOTACEAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Botânica. Orientadora: Carmen Silvia Zickel Coorientador: André Olmos Simões Coorientadora: Liliane Ferreira Lima RECIFE 2019 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da UFRPE Biblioteca Central, Recife-PE, Brasil L732f Lima, Renata Gabriela Vila Nova de Filogenia e distribuição geográfica de Chrysophyllum L. com ênfase na seção Villocuspis A. DC. (Sapotaceae) / Renata Gabriela Vila Nova de Lima. – 2019. 98 f. : il. Orientadora: Carmen Silvia Zickel. Coorientadores: André Olmos Simões e Liliane Ferreira Lima. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Recife, BR-PE, 2019. Inclui referências e anexo(s). 1. Mata Atlântica 2. Filogenia 3. Plantas florestais 4. Sapotaceae I. Zickel, Carmen Silvia, orient. II. Simões, André Olmos, coorient. III. Lima, Liliane Ferreira, coorient. IV. Título CDD 581 ii RENATA GABRIELA VILA NOVA DE LIMA Filogenia e distribuição geográfica de Chrysophyllum L. com ênfase na seção Villocuspis A. DC. (Sapotaceae Juss.) Dissertação apresentada e
    [Show full text]
  • Major Vegetation Types of the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve, South Africa
    Original Research MAJOR VEGETATION TYPES OF THE SOUTPANSBERG CONSERVANCY AND THE BLOUBERG NATURE RESERVE, SOUTH AFRICA THEO H.C. MOSTERT GEORGE J. BREDENKAMP HANNES L. KLOPPER CORNIE VERWEy 1African Vegetation and Plant Diversity Research Centre Department of Botany University of Pretoria South Africa RACHEL E. MOSTERT Directorate Nature Conservation Gauteng Department of Agriculture Conservation and Environment South Africa NORBERT HAHN1 Correspondence to: Theo Mostert e-mail: [email protected] Postal Address: African Vegetation and Plant Diversity Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 ABSTRACT The Major Megetation Types (MVT) and plant communities of the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism are described in detail, with special reference to the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve. Phytosociological data from 442 sample plots were ordinated using a DEtrended CORrespondence ANAlysis (DECORANA) and classified using TWo-Way INdicator SPecies ANalysis (TWINSPAN). The resulting classification was further refined with table-sorting procedures based on the Braun–Blanquet floristic–sociological approach of vegetation classification using MEGATAB. Eight MVT’s were identified and described asEragrostis lehmanniana var. lehmanniana–Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra Blouberg Northern Plains Bushveld, Euclea divinorum–Acacia tortilis Blouberg Southern Plains Bushveld, Englerophytum magalismontanum–Combretum molle Blouberg Mountain Bushveld, Adansonia digitata–Acacia nigrescens Soutpansberg
    [Show full text]
  • Lesotho Fourth National Report on Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity
    Lesotho Fourth National Report On Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity December 2009 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB African Development Bank CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCF Community Conservation Forum CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CMBSL Conserving Mountain Biodiversity in Southern Lesotho COP Conference of Parties CPA Cattle Post Areas DANCED Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development DDT Di-nitro Di-phenyl Trichloroethane EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ERMA Environmental Resources Management Area EMPR Environmental Management for Poverty Reduction EPAP Environmental Policy and Action Plan EU Environmental Unit (s) GA Grazing Associations GCM Global Circulation Model GEF Global Environment Facility GMO Genetically Modified Organism (s) HIV/AIDS Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome HNRRIEP Highlands Natural Resources and Rural Income Enhancement Project IGP Income Generation Project (s) IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources LHDA Lesotho Highlands Development Authority LMO Living Modified Organism (s) Masl Meters above sea level MDTP Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation and Development Project MEAs Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements MOU Memorandum Of Understanding MRA Managed Resource Area NAP National Action Plan NBF National Biosafety Framework NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NEAP National Environmental Action
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Fruit of This Species Proved Difficult and I Have Only Seen One
    Bothalia 23,2(1993) 235 posed by erosion of the soil above it and was probably not quite fully developed. It contained eight relatively large seeds (some dissected ovaries contained up to 10 ovules) and was extremely smelly when opened. In fact, when damaged all parts of the plant give off the unpleas­ ant foetid odour characteristic of Kedrostis. Meeuse men­ tions that C. humifructus is dispersed by antbears. I have, though, noticed no particular concentrations of K. psammophila around the groundsquirrel warrens which are common in the sandier parts of Namaqualand and its seeds may be dispersed by moles. REFERENCES DE WET, B.C., ARCHER, R., FISH, L., GERMISHUIZEN, G., HER­ MAN, P.P., JORDAAN, M., PEROLD, S.M., REID, C., VAN ROOY, J., WTiLMAN. W.G. & GLEN, H.F. 1991. New taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants. Bothalia 21: 211. GIBBS RUSSELL, G.E.. WELMAN, W.G.. RETIEF. E., IMMELMAN, K.L., GERMISHUIZEN, G.. PIENAAR, B.J., VAN WYK, M. & FIGURE 6.—Distribution of Kedrostispsammophila. NICHOLAS, A. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Sur\'e\' of South Africa No. 56:201 -203. gneissic sand (much more gravelly than the coastal sands) MEEUSE, A.D.J. 1962. The Cucurbitaceae of southern Africa. Bothalia 8: 1-111. higher up on the southern side of the Khamiesberge as far east as Kliprand. P. BRUYNS* Finding fruit of this species proved difficult and I have * Bolus Herbarium, Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700. only seen one (Bruyns 5174). This had been partially ex­ MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Bark Medicines Used in Traditional Healthcare in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: an Inventory
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector South African Journal of Botany 2003, 69(3): 301–363 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Bark medicines used in traditional healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An inventory OM Grace1, HDV Prendergast2, AK Jäger3 and J van Staden1* 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 2 Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2002, accepted in revised form 14 March 2003 Bark is an important source of medicine in South Overlapping vernacular names recorded in the literature African traditional healthcare but is poorly documented. indicated that it may be unreliable in local plant identifi- From thorough surveys of the popular ethnobotanical cations. Most (43%) bark medicines were documented literature, and other less widely available sources, 174 for the treatment of internal ailments. Sixteen percent of species (spanning 108 genera and 50 families) used for species were classed in threatened conservation cate- their bark in KwaZulu-Natal, were inventoried. gories, but conservation and management data were Vernacular names, morphological and phytochemical limited or absent from a further 62%. There is a need for properties, usage and conservation data were captured research and specialist publications to address the in a database that aimed to synthesise published infor- gaps in existing knowledge of medicinal bark species mation of such species.
    [Show full text]