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Algunos Aspectos Sobre La Biología Y Ecología De Grundulus Bogotensis

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Algunos Aspectos Sobre La Biología Y Ecología De Grundulus Bogotensis ALGUNOS ASPECTOS SOBRE LA BIOLOGÍA Y ECOLOGÍA DE LA GUAPUCHA, Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821) (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE), EN EL ALTIPLANO CUNDIBOYACENSE, COLOMBIA. CAMILO ANDRÉS ROA FUENTES PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS CARRERA DE BIOLOGÍA Bogotá, D.C. Agosto de 2007 ALGUNOS ASPECTOS SOBRE LA BIOLOGÍA Y ECOLOGÍA DE LA GUAPUCHA, Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821) (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE), EN EL ALTIPLANO CUNDIBOYACENSE, COLOMBIA. CAMILO ANDRÉS ROA FUENTES TRABAJO DE GRADO Presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de BIÓLOGO PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS CARRERA DE BIOLOGÍA Bogotá, D.C. Agosto de 2007 Artículo 23 de la Resolución N° 13 de Julio de 1946 “La Universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por sus alumnos en sus trabajos de tesis. Solo velará por que no se publique nada contrario al dogma y a la moral católica y por que las tesis no contengan ataques personales contra persona alguna, antes bien se vea en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y la justicia”. ALGUNOS ASPECTOS SOBRE LA BIOLOGÍA Y ECOLOGÍA DE LA GUAPUCHA, Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821) (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE), EN EL ALTIPLANO CUNDIBOYACENSE, COLOMBIA. CAMILO ANDRÉS ROA FUENTES APROBADO ____________________________ ____________________________ Saúl Prada Pedreros, Biólogo Ph.D. Carlos Rivera Rondón, Biólogo MSc. Director Asesor ____________________________ ____________________________ Jorge E. Forero Useche, Biólogo Andrés Acosta Galvis, Biólogo Jurado Jurado ALGUNOS ASPECTOS SOBRE LA BIOLOGÍA Y ECOLOGÍA DE LA GUAPUCHA, Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821) (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE), EN EL ALTIPLANO CUNDIBOYACENSE, COLOMBIA. CAMILO ANDRÉS ROA FUENTES APROBADO ____________________________ ____________________________ Ángela Umaña, M. Phil Andrea Forero, Bióloga Decano Académico Directora Carrera de Biología A la casi infinita paciencia de mis padres, y a ellos, por supuesto… Agradecimientos De manera especial a Saúl Prada Pedreros, Ricardo Álvarez Zamora y Carlos Rivera Rondón, sin su apoyo y contribución la consecución del mismo hubiese sido imposible. A las siguientes personas, en orden alfabético, por su valiosa ayuda en las diferentes etapas del proyecto: Ángela Zapata, Angélica Pérez, Armando Ortega Lara, Diana Galindo, Diana Morales, Iván Arce, Javier Maldonado Ocampo, Javier Táutiva, Juana Andrade, familia Maldonado Ocampo, Vladimir Páez, y a los integrantes del grupo de estudios en ictiología y ecosistemas acuáticos de la Universidad Javeriana. De igual forma expreso mi agradecimiento a Javier Molina y Francisco Ciri de la Corporación Autónoma de Boyacá por su desinteresada colaboración. Aunque no fueron parte activa dentro de este trabajo, manifiesto mi sincera gratitud con Carlos Lasso, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, Alejandro Giraldo y Julián Mora del Museo de Historial Natural La Salle. Finalmente, al Instituto de Investigaciones Alexander von Humboldt y a la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana por la co-financiación del proyecto Nº 287. Camilo Roa Bogotá Agosto de 2007 vi TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. Introducción ............................................................................................ 3 2. Marco teórico y revisión de literatura ...................................................... 5 2.1 Antecedentes ....................................................................................... 5 2.2 Sistemática y taxonomía ...................................................................... 6 2.3 Distribución .......................................................................................... 7 2.4 Aspectos de la biología y ecología....................................................... 8 2.4.1 Hábitat ............................................................................................... 8 2.4.2 Estimativos poblacionales ................................................................. 9 2.4.3 Proporción de sexos.......................................................................... 9 2.4.4 Relación longitud – peso ................................................................. 10 2.4.5 Dieta y amplitud de nicho trófico...................................................... 12 2.5 Grado de amenaza y medidas de conservación ................................ 14 3. Formulación del problema y justificación. ............................................. 15 3.1 Formulación del problema.................................................................. 15 3.2 Preguntas de investigación ................................................................ 16 3.3 Justificación........................................................................................ 16 4. Objetivos............................................................................................... 18 4.1 Objetivo general ................................................................................. 18 4.2 Objetivos específicos ......................................................................... 18 5. Área de Estudio .................................................................................... 19 5.1 Altiplano Cundiboyacense.................................................................. 19 5.1.1 Temperatura media anual ............................................................... 19 5.1.2 Clima ............................................................................................... 20 5.1.3 Aspectos geológicos........................................................................ 20 5.2 Cuenca hidrográfica del río Bogotá.................................................... 21 5.2.1 Distribución temporal de la precipitación ......................................... 21 5.2.2 Distribución espacial de la precipitación.......................................... 22 5.2.3 Localidades de muestreo cuenca del río Bogotá............................. 23 5.3 Cuenca hidrográfica del río Suárez.................................................... 29 5.3.1 Distribución temporal de la precipitación ......................................... 29 5.3.2 Distribución espacial de la precipitación.......................................... 29 5.3.3 Localidades de muestreo cuenca del río Suárez............................. 30 5.4 Cuenca hidrográfica de lago de Tota ................................................. 34 5.4.1 Localidades de muestreo cuenca del lago de Tota ......................... 35 6. Materiales y Métodos............................................................................ 36 6.1 Selección de localidades.................................................................... 36 6.2 Captura y preservación de los peces ................................................. 36 vii 6.3 Datos de captura y caracterización del hábitat................................... 37 6.4 Proporción de sexos .......................................................................... 38 6.5 Relación longitud – peso.................................................................... 38 6.6 Contenido estomacal ......................................................................... 39 7. Análisis de la información ..................................................................... 40 7.1. Abundancia y caracterización del hábitat........................................... 40 7.2. Proporción de sexos .......................................................................... 40 7.3. Relación longitud – peso.................................................................... 40 7.4. Contenido estomacal ......................................................................... 41 8. Resultados............................................................................................ 48 8.1 Abundancia de G. bogotensis y caracterización del hábitat............... 48 8.1.1 Parámetros fisicoquímicos en cuerpos de agua lóticos................... 51 8.1.2 Parámetros fisicoquímicos en cuerpos de agua lénticos................. 51 8.2 Proporción de sexos .......................................................................... 55 8.3 Relación longitud – peso.................................................................... 57 8.4 Aspectos tróficos................................................................................ 60 9. Discusión .............................................................................................. 68 9.1 Abundancia de G. bogotensis y caracterización del hábitat............... 68 9.2 Proporción de sexos .......................................................................... 72 9.3 Relación longitud – peso.................................................................... 74 9.4 Aspectos tróficos................................................................................ 76 10. Conclusiones ........................................................................................ 81 10.1 Abundancia y caracterización del hábitat........................................... 81 10.2 Proporción de sexos .......................................................................... 81 10.3 Relación longitud - peso..................................................................... 82 10.4 Dieta................................................................................................... 82 11. Recomendaciones ................................................................................ 83 12. Referencias........................................................................................... 85 13. Anexos.................................................................................................
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