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Ekaterina Avaliani (Tbilisi) *
Phasis 2-3, 2000 Ekaterina Avaliani (Tbilisi) ORIGINS OF THE GREEK RELIGION: MINOAN AND MYCENAEAN CULTURAL CONVERGENCE Natw"ally, the convergence of Minoan and Mycenaean ethno-cultures would cause certain changes in religious consciousness. The metamorphosis in religion and mentality are hard to explain from the present perspective. During this process, the orientation of Minoan religion might have totally changed (the "victorious gods" of Achaeans might have eclipsed the older ones ofMinoans).1 On the other hand, the evidence of religious syncretism should by no means be ignored. Thus, based on the materials avail able, we may lead our investigation in the following directions: I. While identifying Minoan religious concepts and cults, we should operate with: a) scenes depicted on a11ifacts; b) antique written sources and mythopoetics, which have preserved certain information on Minoan religious concepts and rituals.2 2. To identify gods of the Mycenaean period, we use linear B texts and artifacts. It is evident that the Mycenaean period has the group of gods that are directly related to Minoan world, and on the other hand, the group of gods that is unknown to pre-Hellenic religious tradition. And, finally, 3.We identify another group of gods that reveal their syncretic nature already in the Mycenaean period. * * * Minoan cult rituals were tightly linked to nature. Cave dwellings, mountains and grottos were the charismatic spaces where the rituals were held.3 One of such grottos near Candia was related to the name of Minoan goddess Eileithyia.4 Homer also mentions Eileithyia. The goddess was believed to protect pregnant women and women in childbirth.5 Also, there might have been another sacred place, the top of a hill - Dikte, which was associated with Minoan goddess Diktunna (Dikte - "Sacred Mountain").6 Later in Greek mythology, the goddess assimilated to Artemis ("huntress") (Solinus II . -
The Consolations of Death in Ancient Greek Literature
$B 44 125 The Consolations of Death In Ancient Greek Literature By SISTER MARY EVARISTUS, MA. of THE SISTERS OF CHABITY, HALIFAX, N. S. A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Catholic Sisters College of the Catholic University of America in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/consolationsofdeOOmorarich The Consolations of Death In Ancient Greek Literature SISTER MARY EVARISTUS, M.A. of THE SISTERS OF CHARITY, HALIFAX, N. S. A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Catholic Sisters College of the Cathoh University of America in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy NA.ICXAI SA'.TAL PICS' 'MC , WA'iUNOTON, D. C. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 7 CHAPTER I The Inevitableness of Death 10 Universality of death a motive for consolation. Views of death in Homer. Homeric epithets for death. No power can ward off death. Consolation afforded by the thought that it cannot come before the appointed time. Inevitableness of death as depicted in the Lyric Poets, * Tragedians, Plato, Lysias, Apollonius Rhodius, ps.- Plutarch, Plutarch. CHAPTER II Others Have Had to Die 19 Treatment of t&kos in Homer, ov <roi /xopoj. Tragic Poets, Plutarch, ps.-Plutarch. Examples of those who have borne sufferings nobly. Extension of t&kos. Even better men have died. CHAPTER III Death the Payment of a Debt to Nature 26 Should not complain when loan is claimed. Simonides of Ceos. Euripides. Plato. ps.-Plutarch. CHAPTER IV Death Not to be Regarded as Unexpected 28 Nothing ought to appear unexpected. -
Familiennamen Zwischen Maas Und Rhein
6 Luxemburg-Studien Die Familiennamen im Gebiet zwischen den Flüssen Maas und Rhein stellen infolge der komplexen politisch-historischen Grenzziehungen und durch ihre Lage in der Études luxembourgeoises 6 Kontaktzone zwischen Germania und Romania eine besonders vielfältige Quelle für die Namenforschung dar. Der Band umfasst komparative und systematische Beiträge zu den Familiennamenlandschaften in den Grenzregionen von Luxemburg, Belgien, Deutschland und Frankreich, die aus sprachhistorischen, kontaktlinguistischen und kartographischen Perspektiven beleuchtet werden. Diese Artikelsammlung richtet sich Peter Gilles / Cristian Kollmann / Claire Muller damit sowohl an Sprachhistoriker wie auch an Kulturhistoriker. (Hrsg.) Familiennamen zwischen Maas und Rhein Claire Muller (Hrsg.) · Familiennamen zwischen Maas und Rhein / Cristian Kollmann / Peter Gilles ist Professor für Sprachwissenschaft an der Universität Luxemburg. Seine Forschungsgebiete sind Phonetik und Phonologie sowie Variationslinguistik und Dialek- tologie insbesondere des Luxemburgischen. Cristian Kollmann und Claire Muller sind Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter am Forschungs- projekt ‚Luxemburgischer Familiennamenatlas (LFA)‘. Peter Gilles Peter www.peterlang.com ISBN 978-3-631-64679-3 6 Die Familiennamen im Gebiet zwischen den Flüssen Maas und Rhein stellen infolge der komplexen politisch-historischen Grenzziehungen und durch ihre Lage in der 6 Kontaktzone zwischen Germania und Romania eine besonders vielfältige Quelle für die Namenforschung dar. Der Band umfasst komparative und -
The Cyclops in the Odyssey, Ulysses, and Asterios Polyp: How Allusions Affect Modern Narratives and Their Hypotexts
THE CYCLOPS IN THE ODYSSEY, ULYSSES, AND ASTERIOS POLYP: HOW ALLUSIONS AFFECT MODERN NARRATIVES AND THEIR HYPOTEXTS by DELLEN N. MILLER A THESIS Presented to the Department of English and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts December 2016 An Abstract of the Thesis of Dellen N. Miller for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of English to be taken December 2016 Title: The Cyclops in The Odyssey, Ulysses, and Asterios Polyp: How Allusions Affect Modern Narratives and Their Hypotexts Approved: _________________________________________ Paul Peppis The Odyssey circulates throughout Western society due to its foundation of Western literature. The epic poem thrives not only through new editions and translations but also through allusions from other works. Texts incorporate allusions to add meaning to modern narratives, but allusions also complicate the original text. By tying two stories together, allusion preserves historical works and places them in conversation with modern literature. Ulysses and Asterios Polyp demonstrate the prevalence of allusions in books and comic books. Through allusions to both Polyphemus and Odysseus, Joyce and Mazzucchelli provide new ways to read both their characters and the ancient Greek characters they allude to. ii Acknowledgements I would like to sincerely thank Professors Peppis, Fickle, and Bishop for your wonderful insight and assistance with my thesis. Thank you for your engaging courses and enthusiastic approaches to close reading literature and graphic literature. I am honored that I may discuss Ulysses and Asterios Polyp under the close reading practices you helped me develop. -
Homer's Asymmetrical Gods
HOMER'S ASYMMETRICAL GODS APPROVED; Major Professor // / / JS Minor Professor oi English f Dean of the Graduate School HOMER'S ASYMMETRICAL GODS THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By William H. Thrash, B. A. , B. D. Denton, Texas August, 1968 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter I. INTRODUCTION . 1 II. HOMER'S GODS--THE MULTIPLE VIEWS OF THE CRITICS 18 III. HOMER'S USES OF THE GODS IN SPECIFIC EPISODES OF THE ILIAD--AN EXPLICATION 49 IV. FATE AND DEATH: THEIR CENTRALITY IN HOMER'S PORTRAYAL OF ACHILLES 71 V. THE HUMAN MOTIVATION OF THE ILIAD 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY 91 in CHAPTER I ' INTRODUCTION Reading Homer's critics, one surmises that almost every theory that has been promoted in regard to Homer's use of the gods in the Iliad is credible; every critical commentary concerning Homer's gods does make sense. Far instance, it is true to say that Homer's gods are artistic tools In the hands of the poet--tools to save the action of the 1 \ poem, to keep it going by having the gods intervene, on sometimes unlikely occasions, in the actions of men. Too, it is believable to say that the gods are projections of man's feelings; somtimes Aphrodite is 2 - . 3 personified love, Ares, per sonified hate. Credible is the conception 4 of Homer's gods as being fellow sufferers with man, for they do, at times, weep with man, and occasionally in the course of their intervention into the war, the gods suffer physical woundings. -
The Helmholtz, the Doctor, the Minotaur, and the Labyrinth
Volume 34 Number 2 Article 7 4-15-2016 The Helmholtz, the Doctor, the Minotaur, and the Labyrinth Buket Akgün Istanbul University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Akgün, Buket (2016) "The Helmholtz, the Doctor, the Minotaur, and the Labyrinth," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 34 : No. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol34/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Compares the use and resolution of Minotaur and Labyrinth themes and imagery, and the identification of the Theseus hero-figure with the monster, in Victor Pelevin’s novel The Helmet of Horror and the sixth season Doctor Who episode “The God Complex.” Additional Keywords Doctor Who (television show); Labyrinths in literature; Minotaur (Greek myth); Pelevin, Victor. -
The Thebaid Europa, Cadmus and the Birth of Dionysus
The Thebaid Europa, Cadmus and the birth of Dionysus Caesar van Everdingen. Rape of Europa. 1650 Zeus = Io Memphis = Epaphus Poseidon = Libya Lysianassa Belus Agenor = Telephassa In the Danaid, we followed the descendants of Belus. The Thebaid follows the descendants of Agenor Agenor = Telephassa Cadmus Phoenix Cylix Thasus Phineus Europa • Agenor migrated to the Levant and founded Sidon • But see Josephus, Jewish Antiquities i.130 - 139 • “… for Syria borders on Egypt, and the Phoenicians, to whom Sidon belongs, dwell in Syria.” (Hdt. ii.116.6) The Levant Levant • Jericho (9000 BC) • Damascus (8000) • Biblos (7000) • Sidon (4000) Biblos Damascus Sidon Tyre Jericho Levant • Canaanites: • Aramaeans • Language, not race. • Moved to the Levant ca. 1400-1200 BC • Phoenician = • purple dye people Biblos Damascus Sidon Tyre Agenor = Telephassa Cadmus Phoenix Cylix Thasus Phineus Europa • Zeus appeared to Europa as a bull and carried her to Crete. • Agenor sent his sons in search of Europa • Don’t come home without her! • The Rape of Europa • Maren de Vos • 1590 Bilbao Fine Arts Museum (Spain) Image courtesy of wikimedia • Rape of Europa • Caesar van Everdingen • 1650 • Image courtesy of wikimedia • Europe Group • Albert Memorial • London, 1872. • A memorial for Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. Crete Europa = Zeus Minos Sarpedon Rhadamanthus • Asterius, king of Crete, married Europa • Minos became king of Crete • Sarpedon king of Lycia • Rhadamanthus king of Boeotia The Brothers of Europa • Phoenix • Remained in Phoenicia • Cylix • Founded -
Theseus and the Slaying of the Minotaur
Theseus and the Slaying of the Minotaur The ancient Greeks developed myths about their gods, goddesses, and heroes to help explain the beginnings and early history of their country. Among the most famous of these myths is the story of how Theseus, the greatest hero of Athens, killed the bull-headed man, or Minotaur, that King Minos of Crete kept in a vast labyrinth. The excerpt below is a modern retelling of the story of Theseus and the Minotaur. As you read the excerpt, note the role that the gods played in the story: In requital [repayment] for the murder of Androgeus, [his son] Minos had given orders that the Athenians should send seven youths and seven maidens every ninth year to the Cretan Labyrinth, where the Minotaur waited to devour them. This Minotaur, whose name was Asterius, was the bullheaded monster that [the wife of Minos] had borne to the white bull. Soon after Theseus’s arrival at Athens the tribute fell due for the third time, and he so deeply pitied those parents whose children were liable [eligible] to be chosen by lot, that he offered himself as one of the victims, despite [his father] Aegeu’s earnest attempts at dissuasion [to persuade him otherwise]. On the two previous occasions, the ship which conveyed the fourteen victims had carried black sails, but Theseus was confident that the gods were on his side, and Aegeus therefore gave him a white sail to hoist on return, in signal of success… Theseus sailed on the sixth day of… [April]… When the ship reached Crete some days afterwards,… Minos’s own daughter Ariadne fell in love with [Theseus] at first sight. -
CHEAT CODES of the GODS: NARRATIVE and GREEK MYTHOLOGY in VIDEO GAMES by Eleanor Rose Sedgwick, B.A. a Thesis Submitted to the G
CHEAT CODES OF THE GODS: NARRATIVE AND GREEK MYTHOLOGY IN VIDEO GAMES by Eleanor Rose Sedgwick, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Literature August 2021 Committee Members: Suparno Banerjee, Chair Anne Winchell Graeme Wend-Walker COPYRIGHT by Eleanor Rose Sedgwick 2021 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Eleanor Rose Sedgwick, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION I dedicate my thesis to my entire family, dogs and all, but primarily to my mother, who gave me the idea to research video games while sitting in a Thai food restaurant. Thank you, Mum, for encouraging me to write about the things I love most. I’d also like to dedicate my thesis to my dear group of friends that I met during my Master’s program, and plan to keep for the rest of my life. To Chelsi, Elisa, Hannah, Lindsey, Luise, Olivia, Sarah, and Tuesday—thank you for doing your part in keeping me sane throughout this project. -
Classical Reception in Contemporary Women's
CLASSICAL RECEPTION IN CONTEMPORARY WOMEN’S WRITING: EMERGING STRATEGIES FROM RESISTANCE TO INDETERMINACY by POLLY STOKER A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Classics, Ancient History, and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham April 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The reader who rewrites remains a vital interlocutor between the classical past and the modern classicist. However, the neglect of the female reader in classical reception studies is an omission that becomes ever more conspicuous, and surely less sustainable, as women writers continue to dominate the contemporary creative field. This thesis makes the first steps towards fashioning a new aesthetic model for the female reader based on irony, ambivalence, and indeterminacy. I consider works by Virginia Woolf, Alice Oswald, Elizabeth Cook, and Yael Farber, all of whom largely abandon ‘resistance’ as a strategy of rereading and demand a new theoretical framework that can engage with and recognize the multivalence of women’s reading and rewriting. -
Homer's Iliad: a Discussion Guide
Homer’s Iliad: A Discussion Guide By David Bruce SMASHWORDS EDITION Copyright 2013 by Bruce D. Bruce Thank you for downloading this book. You are welcome to share it with your friends. This book may be reproduced, copied and distributed for non-commercial purposes, provided the book remains in its complete original form. If you enjoyed this book, please return to Smashwords.com to discover other works by this author. Thank you for your support. Preface The purpose of this book is educational. I have read, studied and taught Homer’s Iliad, and I wish to pass on what I have learned to other people who are interested in studying Homer’s Iliad. In particular, I think that the readers of this introduction to Homer’s Iliad will be bright high school seniors and college first-year students, as well as intelligent adults who simply wish to study the Iliad despite not being literature majors. This book uses a question-and-answer format. It poses, then answers, relevant questions about Homer, background information, and the Iliad. This book goes through the Iliad book by book. I recommend that you read the relevant section of the Iliad, then read my comments, then go back and re-read the relevant section of the Iliad. However, do what works for you. Teachers may find this book useful as a discussion guide for the epic poem. Teachers can have students read books from the epic poem, then teachers can ask students selected questions from this study guide. It helps to know something about Homer’s Odyssey, Virgil’s Aeneid, Greek and Roman mythology, and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, but this background reading is not strictly necessary. -
Zeus in the Greek Mysteries) and Was Thought of As the Personification of Cyclic Law, the Causal Power of Expansion, and the Angel of Miracles
Ζεύς The Angel of Cycles and Solutions will help us get back on track. In the old schools this angel was known as Jupiter (Zeus in the Greek Mysteries) and was thought of as the personification of cyclic law, the Causal Power of expansion, and the angel of miracles. Price, John Randolph (2010-11-24). Angels Within Us: A Spiritual Guide to the Twenty-Two Angels That Govern Our Everyday Lives (p. 151). Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. Zeus 1 Zeus For other uses, see Zeus (disambiguation). Zeus God of the sky, lightning, thunder, law, order, justice [1] The Jupiter de Smyrne, discovered in Smyrna in 1680 Abode Mount Olympus Symbol Thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak Consort Hera and various others Parents Cronus and Rhea Siblings Hestia, Hades, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter Children Aeacus, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Dardanus, Dionysus, Hebe, Hermes, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Hephaestus, Perseus, Minos, the Muses, the Graces [2] Roman equivalent Jupiter Zeus (Ancient Greek: Ζεύς, Zeús; Modern Greek: Δίας, Días; English pronunciation /ˈzjuːs/[3] or /ˈzuːs/) is the "Father of Gods and men" (πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, patḕr andrōn te theōn te)[4] who rules the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father rules the family according to the ancient Greek religion. He is the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. Zeus is etymologically cognate with and, under Hellenic influence, became particularly closely identified with Roman Jupiter. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he is married to Hera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort is Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Aphrodite by Dione.[5] He is known for his erotic escapades.