Energy Conservation Standards for Air Compressors
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This document, concerning compressors is an action issued by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Though it is not intended or expected, should any discrepancy occur between the document posted here and the document published in the Federal Register, the Federal Register publication controls. The text of this rule is subject to correction based on the identification of errors as defined in 10 CFR 430.5 before publication in the Federal Register. Readers are requested to notify DOE by email at [email protected] of any typographical or other errors, as described in such regulations, by no later than midnight on January 19, 2017, in order that DOE may make any necessary corrections in the regulatory text submitted to the Office of the Federal Register for publication. [6450-01-P] DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 10 CFR Parts 429 and 431 [Docket Number EERE-2013-BT-STD-0040] RIN 1904-AC83 Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Air Compressors AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, as amended (“EPCA”), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment. EPCA also authorizes DOE to establish standards for certain other types of industrial equipment, including air compressors. Such standards must be technologically feasible and economically justified, and must save a significant amount of energy. In this final rule, DOE is adopting new energy conservation standards for air compressors. It has determined that the adopted energy conservation standards for these products would result in significant conservation of energy, and are technologically feasible and economically justified. DATES: The effective date of this rule is [INSERT DATE 60 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. Compliance with the new 1 standards established for compressors in this final rule is required on and after [INSERT DATE 5 YEARS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: The docket for this rulemaking, which includes Federal Register notices, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov. All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in the index may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt from public disclosure. The docket web page can be found at: www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2013-BT-STD-0040. The docket web page contains simple instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. For further information on how to review the docket, contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 586-6636 or by email: [email protected]. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Raba, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue, 2 SW., Washington, DC, 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-8654. Email: [email protected]. Mary Greene, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC, 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586- 1817. Email: [email protected]. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Synopsis of the Final Rule A. Benefits and Costs to Consumers B. Impact on Manufacturers C. National Benefits and Costs D. Conclusion II. Introduction A. Authority B. Regulatory History for Compressors C. Process Rule III. General Discussion A. Definitions 1. Definition of Covered Equipment 2. Air- and Liquid-Cooled Compressors B. Scope of Energy Conservation Standards 1. Equipment System Boundary 2. Compression Principle: Rotary and Reciprocating Compressors 3. Driver Style 4. Compressor Capacity 5. Full-Load Operating Pressure 6. Lubricant Presence 7. Water-injected Compressors 8. Specialty Purpose Compressors C. Test Procedure and Metric D. Impacts of Sampling Plan on Energy Conservation Standards Analysis E. Compliance Date F. Technological Feasibility 1. General 2. Maximum Technologically Feasible Levels G. Energy Savings 3 1. Determination of Savings 2. Significance of Savings H. Economic Justification 1. Specific Criteria 2. Rebuttable Presumption I. Other Issues 1. Comments on the Proposed Standards 2. Other Comments IV. Methodology and Discussion of Related Comments A. Market and Technology Assessment 1. Equipment Classes 2. Technology Options B. Screening Analysis 1. Screened-Out Technologies 2. Remaining Technologies C. Engineering Analysis 1. Summary of Data Sources 2. Impacts of Test Procedure on Source Data 3. Representative Equipment 4. Design Options and Available Energy Efficiency Improvements 5. Efficiency Levels 6. Manufacturer Selling Price 7. Manufacturer Production Cost 8. Other Analytical Outputs D. Markups Analysis E. Energy Use Analysis 1. Applications 2. Annual Hours of Operation 3. Load Profiles 4. Capacity Control Strategies F. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 1. Equipment Cost 2. Installation Cost 3. Annual Energy Consumption 4. Energy Prices 5. Maintenance and Repair Costs 6. Equipment Lifetime 7. Discount Rates 8. Energy Efficiency Distribution in the No-New-Standards Case 9. Payback Period Analysis G. Shipments Analysis H. National Impact Analysis 1. Equipment Efficiency Trends 2. National Energy Savings 3. Net Present Value Analysis I. Consumer Subgroup Analysis 4 J. Manufacturer Impact Analysis 1. Overview 2. Government Regulatory Impact Model and Key Inputs 3. Discussion of Comments K. Emissions Analysis L. Monetizing Carbon Dioxide and Other Emissions Impacts 1. Social Cost of Carbon 2. Social Cost of Methane and Nitrous Oxide 3. Social Cost of Other Air Pollutants M. Utility Impact Analysis N. Employment Impact Analysis V. Analytical Results and Conclusions A. Trial Standard Levels B. Economic Justification and Energy Savings 1. Economic Impacts on Individual Consumers 2. Economic Impacts on Manufacturers 3. National Impact Analysis 4. Impact on Utility or Performance of Products 5. Impact of Any Lessening of Competition 6. Need of the Nation to Conserve Energy 7. Other Factors 8. Summary of National Economic Impacts C. Conclusion 1. Benefits and Burdens of TSLs Considered for Compressors Standards 2. Annualized Benefits and Costs of the Adopted Standards VI. Certification Requirements VII. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review A. Review Under Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act 1. Need for, Objectives of, and Legal Basis, for Rule 2. Significant Issues Raised in Response to the IRFA 3. Description on Estimated Number of Small Entities Affected 4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements Including Differences in Cost, if Any, for Different Groups of Small Entities 5. Significant Alternatives to the Rule C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 E. Review Under Executive Order 13132 F. Review Under Executive Order 12988 G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999 I. Review Under Executive Order 12630 J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2001 K. Review Under Executive Order 13211 L. Review Under the Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review M. Congressional Notification 5 VIII. Approval of the Office of the Secretary I. Synopsis of the Final Rule Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, as amended (“EPCA” or, in context, “the Act”), sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. (42 U.S.C. 6291, et seq.) Part C of Title III, which for editorial reasons was re-designated as Part A-1 upon incorporation into the U.S. Code (42 U.S.C. 6311– 6317), establishes the “Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment.” EPCA provides that DOE may include a type of industrial equipment as covered equipment if it determines that to do so is necessary to carry out the purposes of Part A-1. (42 U.S.C 6312(b)). EPCA authorizes DOE to prescribe energy conservation standards for those types of industrial equipment which the Secretary classifies as covered equipment. (42 U.S.C 6314) On November 15, 2016, DOE published a final rule, which determined coverage for compressors is necessary to carry out the purposes of Part A-1 of Title III of EPCA (herein referred to as “notice of final determination”). 81 FR 79991 Pursuant to EPCA, any new or amended energy conservation standard must be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) and 6316(a)) Furthermore, the new or amended standard must result in a significant conservation of energy. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B) and 6316(a)) 6 In accordance with these and other statutory provisions discussed in this document, DOE is adopting new energy conservation standards for compressors. The adopted standards, which are expressed in package isentropic efficiency (i.e., the ratio of the theoretical isentropic power required for a compression process to the actual power required for the same process), are shown in Table I.1. These standards apply to all compressors listed in Table I.1 and manufactured in, or imported into, the United States