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Borec 635-638 Z.Pdf 95 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST 96 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST BOREC 1 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST BOREC LVIII/2006, ŠT. 635–638 Brez podpore Glavnega odbora ZZB NOB Slovenije ne bi bil mogoč tisk tega zvezka revije. Iskrena hvala. Uredništvo 2 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST BOREC 3 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST KAZALO ARHIVI SPOMINA EVA EGERMANN 8 »Naproti svobodi ...« – pogovor z Apollonio (Lonki) Schellander in Ano Zablatnik, Fritzem Propstom, Irmo Schwager, Hansom Landauerjem, Jonnyjem Moserjem in Irmo Trksak HORIZONTI ZGODOVINE 72 Zgodovina/Spomin: 12. mednarodni festival Mesto žensk MIRJAM MILHARČIČ HLADNIK 74 Uvod: spomin in pozaba EVA EGERMANN, CHRISTINA LINORTNER 76 Projekt »Hiša Schütte« UMETNOST IN STVARNOST Razstava Eduard Stepančič in konstruktivistični princip LEV KREFT 98 Uvod ALEKSANDAR FLAKER 101 Bumerang Eduarda Stepančiča PETJA GRAFENAUER KRNC 112 Od krajev do prostorov in spet nazaj ali iz interiera v mesto. Esej ob delih Viktorja Bernika med leti 2003–2006 MATIJA BRUMEN 132 Ogledala (portfolio) PRIMOŽ LAMPIČ 146 Poročila iz vzporednega sveta MOJCA PUNCER 147 Fotografske refl eksije izsekov predmetne stvarnosti Matije Brumna SPOT 2006: NAČINI VIDENJA. MEDNARODNI DNEVI FOTOGRAFIJE TANJA VELAGIĆ 160 Uvod 4 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST STEVE EDWARDS 163 Produkcija objektivnosti v fotografi ji zgodnjega 19. stoletja ŽELIMIR KOŠČEVIĆ 182 Vertikalna sondaža: Franjo Pommer/Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, 1856 PRIMOŽ LAMPIČ 198 Fotografi ja mariborskega kroga: kopičenje interpretacij skozi čas MARINA GRŽINIĆ 214 Ne povsem/ne prav: zgodovine, telesa in koncepti v sodobni fotografi ji SKUPINA TRIE 226 Flirtanje s fotografi jo SKUPINA TRIE 236 Mixed Media (portfolio) DAMJAN KOZOLE 252 Obrazi KSENIJA BERK 255 Razstavljeni pogledi: fotografi ja v očeh kustosa, teoretika in še koga (recenzija) UTOPISTIKA MAJA PAN 264 Roza peterokraka MARKO ŠTEMPIHAR 276 »Ušesa nimajo vek« ODMEVI IN OCENE MARINA GRŽINIĆ 286 Analiza diskurzov in praks v sodobnem eksperimentalnem gledališču (Mladi levi 2006) MARKO ŠTEMPIHAR 296 Dialog o pedagogiki upanja (Paolo Freire) 309 AVTORSKI IZVLEČKI IN POVZETKI/ AUTHOR'S ABSTRACTS AND SUMMARIES 332 NAVODILA AVTORJEM 5 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST 6 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST ARHIVI SPOMINA EVA EGERMANN NAPROTI SVOBODI ... POGOVOR Z APOLLONIO LONKI SCHELLANDER IN ANO ZABLATNIK, FRITZEM PROPSTOM, IRMO SCHWAGER, HANSOM LANDAUERJEM, JONNYJEM MOSERJEM IN IRMO TRKSAK 7 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST Projekt »Naproti svobodi ...« avtorice Eve Egermann, dunajske vizualne umetnice in urednice mesečnika Malmoe (izd. Verein zur Förderung medialer Vielfalt und Qualität), obravnava vprašanje, katere ideje in utopije spodbujajo in ohranjajo uporništvo. V pogovoru z aktivistkami in aktivisti protifašističnega odpora raziskuje vprašanja gospostva in uporništva v razmerju do vsakdanjega življenja v današnjem, neoliberalnem družbenem sistemu, ki ne ponuja bistvenih alternativ. Kaj nam lahko povedo izkušnje protifašističnih aktivistov o razvoju subjektov odpora v neoliberalizmu? V tem kontekstu je tudi vprašanje o pomenu protifašističnega odpora za samorazumevanje Avstrije, a tudi njenega odnosa do koroških Slovencev v Avstriji in same Slovenije. Avtorica raziskuje postopke utiranja hegemonističnih diskurzov v javni prostor in kolektivni spomin, kako ti diskurzi naslavljajo individualne in kolektivne izkušnje odpora, ter ne nazadnje, kako se izražajo v javnih avstrijskih spominskih obeležjih – le nekaj in obrobnih je tistih, ki obeležujejo odpor avstrijskega osvobodilnega gibanja ali slovenskih partizank in partizanov; ta del je večinoma izločen iz kolektivnega avstrijskega spomina, in zdi se, kot da ne bi imel bistvenega nacionalnega pomena. Avtoričina izhodiščna točka za pogovor s protifašističnimi aktivisti je zato kritičen pogled na strategijo avstrijskega proslavljanja jubilejnega leta 2005, s katero se je Avstrija anestetično in s poudarjanjem svoje vloge »prve žrtve nacionalsocializma« izognila dejanski obravnavi svojega ravnanja v času nacionalsocializma in odgovornosti do dejanskih žrtev tega režima; s tako strategijo se je izognila tudi podrobnejši obravnavi protifašističnega odpora. Izhodišče projekta je torej kritični pretres metodoloških premis dosedanjih, pretežno kulturnozgodovinskih raziskav spomina in spominjanja ter njihova razširitev iz proučevanja zgolj spominjanja na proučevanje ustvarjanja in sprejemanja spomina, torej na komunikativni vidik spominjanja. Predmet raziskave zato ni le goli opis zgodovinskih dogodkov, temveč analiza akterjev, medijev in drugih vzvodov institucionalizacije spomina kot simbolne vrednosti. Ob pripravi šestih intervjujev, ki jih objavljamo v nadaljevanju, je avtorica naletela na prezrto zgodovino celovškega Ljudskega doma, ki jo je skupaj s Christino Linortner obudila v drugem projektu – »Hiša Schütte«, ki ga je slovenski javnosti predstavila na 12. Mednarodnem festivalu sodobne umetnosti – Mesto žensk, v sodelovanju z Borcem; zgodbo in vizijo aktualizacije hiše prve avstrijske arhitektke, Margarete Schütte Lihotzky, predstavljamo v tematskem bloku Horizonti zgodovine. OP. UR.) 8 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST EVA EGERMANN NAPROTI SVOBODI ... Projekt »Naproti svobodi ...« je nastal za umetniški natečaj »Utopija: Svoboda«, ki sta ga razpisala društvo Open Mind ter Stadt Impuls Wien v jubilejnem letu 2005. Sodelavci Eve Egermann: Intervjuji, transkripcija in jezikovni pregled Elke Auer, Th omas Fürhapter, Günther Hopfgartner, Sylvia Köchl, Katharina Morawek Fotografi je in video Elke Auer, Eva Egermann; Th omas Fürhapter, Ralo Mayer, Katharina Morawek, Renate Sassmann Oblika, zasnova ter izdelava videa Kai Stöger in Phillip Haupt Zahvala Mirko Messner, Erich Zavadil, Viktorija Ratkovic, Christine Schindler, Sylvia Köchl, Günther Hopfgartner, Michael Graber, Ralo Mayer, Manoa Free University, Stefan Andreas Pedersen, Renate Sassmann Prevod v slovenščino Tanja Velagić 9 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST EVA EGERMANN UVOD AVSTRIJA, DEŽELA SPOMINJANJA AVSTRIJA PO LETU 2005 Zdi se, da so jubileji v Avstriji dosegli konjunkturni višek. Leto 2005 je minilo kot »spominsko leto«, podobno tudi letošnje, »Mozartovo leto 2006«. Jubilejno leto 2005 je zaznamoval slavnostni koledar prireditev ob vélikih obletnicah: 60 let druge republike, 50 let državne pogodbe in avstrijske samostojnosti, 10 let vstopa v Evropsko unijo, 50 let zvezne vojske in avstrijske televizije, kot tudi 50 let vnovične otvoritve Narodnega gledališča in Državne opere. Reprezentacija avstrijske zgodovine in identitete po letu 1945 je bila v središču velikih zgodovinskih razstav, popularno-kulturnih dogodkov, publikacij, televizijske in fi lmske produkcije. Take politične in medijske inscenacije so poskušale konstruirati nacionalni »Mi«, obenem pa so delovale kot oder za samopredstavitev političnih in kulturnih elit.1 Jubilejno leto naj bi »služilo kot trampolin za prihodnost,« je dejal državni sekretar za umetnost Franz Morak (ÖVP, Avstrijska ljudska stranka). Dejansko, za uradno Avstrijo je bilo 2005 bistveno za konstruiranje, pripovedovanje, proslavljanje »Zgodbe o uspehu 2. republike«, ki naj bi se za vse večne čase vpisala v kolektivni spomin Avstrije. ZGODOVINSKA POLITIKA Preteklost in predvsem prihodnost služita sedanjosti. Preteklost naj bi razumeli kot predzgodovino sedanjosti in prihodnost kot predvidljivo razširitev sedanjosti. Zgodovinska raziskovanja in javne razprave razvijajo in spreminjajo zgodovinske podobe. Pri tem poskušajo različni politični tabori dodeliti splošno veljavnost svoji zgodovinski podobi. Interpretacijski boji za zgodovino delujejo 10 BOREC 635–638 REVIJA ZA ZGODOVINO, ANTROPOLOGIJO IN KNJIŽEVNOST vselej kot temelj za upravičevanje sedanje in prihodnje politike. Predstavitve in interpretacije preteklosti so politično izbojevane.2 Zgodovinarka Heidemarie Uhl takole označuje »avstrijski spomin«: vse od petdesetih let se je oblikovalo protislovno razumevanje zgodovine, »double speak«, ki bistveno zaznamuje specifi čno avstrijsko politiko do zgodovine. Navzven se Avstrija predstavlja kot prva žrtev in – z omenjanjem avstrijskega odporništva – kot protinacistična država. Toda prav v Avstriji je bil spomin na odpor, predvsem pa na zločine nacionalsocialističnega režima, izrinjen na obrobje.3 ZGODOVINE ODPORA »Kdor nima spomina, nima niti prihodnosti. Kdor ne pozna preteklosti, ne more ustvarjati prihodnosti,« se je glasila zapoved med taboriščniki v Mauthausnu. Obdobje odpora je povezano s kulturo spominjanja. V tako imenovanem »spominskem letu« 2005 je temeljita predstavitev protifašističnega odpora, predvsem njegovega komunističnega dela, ki je imel osrednjo vlogo v odporniškem gibanju, ostala pretežno izključena, enako tudi politična prizadevanja za socialni razvoj druge republike. Ta soočanja in spopadi se kažejo prav v življenjskih zgodbah protifašističnih bork in borcev; v njihovih izkušnjah se zrcalijo tako fašistične kontinuitete od avstrofašizma do 2. republike kot kontinuitete odporništva, ki jih poganja utopija. Še danes se zgodovina piše z vidika oblasti in večine. Uradni viri podajajo odpor in pregon s stališča preganjalcev. Ti dokumenti se ne poglabljajo v motive in vzgibe za odpor, dejanja odporniških borcev
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